CN106094019A - The Depth Domain earth formation inversion method mapped based on geological information - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Depth Domain earth formation inversion method mapped based on geological information, including: input pre-stack depth migration seismic data cube；Input log data and interpretation horizon；Set up rate pattern, extract Depth Domain wavelet；Make Depth Domain composite traces, carry out horizon calibration；Build rational tectonic framework geological model；Based on geological model, set up depth offset obligatory point based on geological model；Use Fast Threshold convergent iterations algorithm, it is achieved earth formation inverting followed the trail of by the base mapped based on geological information.Should can obtain can intuitively characterizing the data volume that geologic body vertically and horizontally changes by the geological data of Depth Domain based on the Depth Domain earth formation inversion method that geological information maps, the high-frequency information loss caused due to resampling during overcoming log time and depth transfer, it is effectively guaranteed the high-resolution features of seismic inversion, and finally achieves and utilize Depth Domain data direct predicting reservoir lithology, physical property and the target of oil-gas possibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil field development technical field, especially relate to a kind of based on geological information mapping
Depth Domain earth formation inversion method.
Background technology
Time domain seismologic parameter inverting initial generation in the age not, popular to the age.The most mainly
Common inverse return method (such as VELOG, SEISLOG etc.) and Sparse Pulse method (as MED, AR, MLD,
BED etc.), this technical characterstic is directly from seismic data inverting, and well-log information is mainly used in demarcating, instead
The resolution drilling result is directly limited by seismic data bandwidth, the eighties not to the beginning of the nineties,
Occur in that a kind of combining, based on convolution model and geological model, employing with earthquake, well logging, geology
Linear and generalized linear inversion one is referred to as " model inversion method " (such as the BCI of HGS, Russia sieve
The PROVIM etc. of this PARM, CGG), this technical characterstic, well-log information is applied not only to demarcate, and
Joining in refutation process, inversion result resolution is by seismic resolution and the well logging comprehensive shadow of resolution
Ring.Time domain inverting conventional in seismic prospecting needs to turn prestack depth migration data and well-log information
Change to time domain carry out, transformation process not only adds workload, have lost in well-log information simultaneously
High-frequency information, the advantage causing earthquake depth migrated section cannot play, and reduce inverting
The resolution of result.
The domestic software relatively early introduced have DELOG, SEISLOG, SLIM, PARM, BCI, ROVIM,
Strata etc..Introduce in recent years and have the softwares such as ISIS, Jason, Strata Vista, Vanguard.
Domestic development have the softwares such as SOML, CCFY, cRIS, RICH.At present, the inverting side of these softwares
It is low that the problem that method exists can be summarized as 4 aspects 1. inversion result vertical, horizontal resolution, and multi-solution is tight
Weight；The most wells process and are difficult to close；3. horizontal extrapolation precision is the highest；4. reversed fault difficult treatment.
Along with the development of prestack depth seismic migration technology, the process of seismic data is the most little by little from the time
Depth Domain is moved towards in territory, and people start time domain inversion method is applied to Depth Domain seismic data process,
Use method have generalized linear inversion algorithm, non-linear global optimizing algorithm, neural network algorithm,
Simulated annealing etc..Although at present the research in terms of Depth Domain is the most fewer, some are special soft
Part is also developed, but the most domestic many scholars in terms of Depth Domain seismic data process also
Start to have done certain research.Zhang Xue in 2000 such as builds at the making proposing Depth Domain synthetic seismogram
Technique study, calendar year 2001 woods gold show off etc. that to propose application Depth Domain High-resolution Seismic Inversion identification hypotonic
Thoroughly interbedded reservoir research, 2002 bavin spring are gorgeous etc. proposes Depth Field of Deep Investigation Induction inversion algorithm and should
The inverse filtering for the decay of Depth Domain seismic profile with dispersion compensation is proposed with, Yao Zhenxing in 2003 etc.
Method, these researchs show that Depth Domain seismic data process is gradually being paid close attention to by people.
Schultz et al. analyzes limitation that means of interpretation based on operator faced and tired in detail
Difficulty, and the mode identification method based on Statistics and nerual network technique is proposed, directly utilize reflection
Earthquake record identification lithology or reservoir.Their this method is called the means of interpretation of " data-driven ".
" data-driven " this concept, it is emphasised that the initiative of data and importance, has broken away from tradition
It is used for the most passively verifying that people derive under many assumed conditions based on data in Operator Method
The correctness of operator, allows data occupy an leading position in inverting, makes the abundant information quilt contained in data
Extracting, with the difficulty overcoming inversion method based on operator to face, and applicable inversion in depth domain is asked
Topic, achieves certain effect.
But more than study Depth Domain in unresolved refutation process to the conversion of time domain and time and depth transfer
The problems such as the degree of depth not coupling occurred.And it is desirable that directly use inversion in depth domain result to carry out quantitatively
Analyze, it is desirable to the problem that earthquake record can match must be solved with inversion in depth domain, for this we
Invented a kind of new Depth Domain earth formation inversion method mapped based on geological information, solve with
Upper technical problem.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of realization by Depth Domain seismic data to the conversion of geologic information,
Realize utilize Depth Domain data direct predicting reservoir lithology, physical property and oil-gas possibility target based on ground
The Depth Domain earth formation inversion method of matter information MAP.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: the degree of depth mapped based on geological information
Territory earth formation inversion method, the Depth Domain earth formation inversion method bag that should map based on geological information
Include: step 1, input pre-stack depth migration seismic data cube；Step 2, input log data and explanation
Layer position；Step 3, sets up rate pattern, extracts Depth Domain wavelet；Step 4, makes Depth Domain synthesis
Record, carries out horizon calibration；Step 5, builds rational tectonic framework geological model；Step 6, with
Based on geological model, set up depth offset obligatory point based on geological model；Step 7, uses fast
Speed threshold value convergent iterations algorithm, it is achieved earth formation inverting followed the trail of by the base mapped based on geological information.
The purpose of the present invention realizes also by following technical measures:
In step 1, the pre-stack depth migration seismic data cube of input is standard segy formatted file.
In step 2, the data form of the interpretation horizon data of input be abscissa, vertical coordinate and time
Between be worth.
In step 3, by study area Depth Domain log data and seismic data analysis, choosing conjunction
Suitable speed and resampling spacing parameter, set up rate pattern, extracts Depth Domain wavelet.
In step 4, in the case of ensureing that interlayer whilst on tour is constant, speed and the degree of depth are become
Change, with extract Depth Domain seismic wavelet medium velocity as standard speed, the speed of other each layer all
Being adjusted in this standard speed, layer thickness also does corresponding adjustment, then makes corresponding deep
Degree territory composite traces.
In steps of 5, accurate horizon calibration is carried out based on Depth Domain composite traces, it is ensured that interpretation layer
The most accurately, the tectonic framework geological model of structure is reasonable in position.
In step 6, based on geological model, each series of strata at well point are added up the well focal depth obtained
Statistical error is carried out space interpolation by the phased interpolation methods in space such as degree error application Ke Lijin, and passes through
Well point control, well point coverage/radius are set, utilize geostatistics three-dimensional generation mode/method
And then it is generalized to whole 3D data volume, set up depth offset obligatory point based on geological model.
In step 7, under the control of depth offset obligatory point, calculated by Fast Threshold convergent iterations
Method, it is achieved earth formation inverting followed the trail of by the base mapped based on geological information.
The Depth Domain earth formation inversion method mapped based on geological information in the present invention, can be ground
Matter research worker provides the method for a set of effective Depth Domain seismic data inverting.The method is by carrying
Take Depth Domain wavelet and make Depth Domain composite traces and carry out horizon calibration, in Depth Domain seismic data essence
In thin basis for interpretation, build rational tectonic framework geological model, set up based on geological information mapping
Depth offset obligatory point, uses Fast Threshold convergent iterations algorithm, it is achieved map based on geological information
Earth formation inverting followed the trail of by base.The Depth Domain earth formation inversion method mapped based on geological information is final
Realize by Depth Domain seismic data to the conversion of geologic information, it is achieved that utilize Depth Domain data the most pre-
Survey reservoir lithology, physical property and the target of oil-gas possibility.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a tool of the Depth Domain earth formation inversion method mapped based on geological information of the present invention
The flow chart of body embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention to become apparent, cited below particularly
Go out preferred embodiment, and coordinate shown in accompanying drawing, be described in detail below.
As it is shown in figure 1, the Depth Domain earth formation inverting mapped based on geological information that Fig. 1 is the present invention
The flow chart of method.
In step 101, input pre-stack depth migration seismic data cube.In one embodiment, input
Pre-stack depth migration seismic data cube is standard segy formatted file.Journey enters into step 102.
In step 102, input log data and interpretation horizon.The data of the interpretation horizon data of input
Form is abscissa, vertical coordinate and time value.Flow process enters step 103.
In step 103, by study area Depth Domain log data and seismic data analysis, choosing conjunction
Suitable speed and resampling spacing parameter, set up rate pattern, extracts Depth Domain wavelet.
In time domain, the discrete type of two-way time sinusoidal decay wavelet can be with tabular form:
In formula: xωFor time domain wavelet, A0For initial amplitude value, Δ t is time gradient, fmAnd fnPoint
Do not represent the initial dominant frequency of wavelet, frequency decay value；α is time domain damped expoential；N is wavelet
Count.
In like manner, we can derive the discrete expression of Depth Domain sinusoidal decay wavelet and are:
In formula: yωFor Depth Domain wavelet, Δ h is concentration gradient, kmAnd knRepresent rising of wavelet respectively
Begin main wave number, number attenuation value；β is spatial domain damped expoential, for the sake of consistent, takes β Δ h=α Δ t.
Due to time domain record is the two-way time, and Depth Domain record is the one way degree of depth, and therefore f-k turns
Change relational expression should be write as
Wherein: f is wavelet wavelength, k is initial main wave number or the number attenuation value of wavelet, and v is that ripple leads to
Cross the interval velocity of medium.So formula (2) can also be write as
Wherein: fmAnd fnRepresent the initial dominant wavelength of wavelet, wavelength attenuation value respectively.
Therefore, as long as time domain and Depth Domain sampling interval relation meet
Δ t=2 Δ h/v (5)
Single in terms of mathematical operation from the point of view of, after preset time territory wavelet frequency, time domain wavelet and the degree of depth
Territory wavelet numerically equal, i.e.
xω(i Δ t)=yω(iΔh) (6)
From in time domain, reflection coefficient to be made using in soil deeply different, in Depth Domain not when extracting wavelet
Change the reflection coefficient that obtains of well logging, but when the wavelet of time domain is utilized interval transit time value to carry out
Deep conversion, is converted into the wavelet of Depth Domain.Flow process enters 104.
In step 104, make Depth Domain composite traces, carry out horizon calibration.Interlayer trip need to ensured
During row constant in the case of, speed and the degree of depth are converted, to extract Jie of Depth Domain seismic wavelet
Matter speed is standard speed, the speed of other each layers is all adjusted in this standard speed, interlayer
Thickness also does corresponding adjustment, then makes corresponding Depth Domain composite traces.
When time domain is made one-dimensional synthetic seismogram by sound wave measuring well curve, interval transit time obtain
Reflection coefficient sequence is originally exactly the function of the degree of depth, in order to the seismic record comparison of time domain, just handle
This Depth Domain function is converted to time domain function, the most again with wavelet convolution, obtains time domain synthesis
Earthquake record.During Depth Domain synthetic record, due to the impact of average speed, different depth is sampled
Number is unequal.Therefore adopting during time domain is mutually changed should first be studied with spatial domain
The impact of sample interval, sampling is the important parameter of fidelity conversion between time and the degree of depth.During convolution,
The sampling interval of time domain actually determines, but the Depth Domain sampling interval is change, this change
Change can reflect the change of deep reflex ripple more accurately.
Speed in Depth Domain, depth parameter do not meet the condition of linear time invariant, make Depth Domain and close
Become record speed and the degree of depth need to be converted, to carry in the case of ensureing that interlayer whilst on tour is constant
The medium velocity taking Depth Domain seismic wavelet is standard speed, and the speed of other each layers is all adjusted to this
Coming in individual standard speed, layer thickness also does corresponding adjustment.It addition, for improving synthetic seismogram
Precision, the different layers position bigger to depth difference, use different velocity amplitudes wavelet to be converted into
The wavelet of Depth Domain, makes synthetic seismogram respectively.
Being provided with the model of N number of reflecting surface, the speed of each layer, thickness are (vi,di),…,(vN+1,dN+1), right
The reflection coefficient sequence answered is r (hi),Wherein i=1,2,3 ..., N.The degree of depth in m layer
Territory wavelet is defined as s (h), and 1≤m≤N+1, with vmFor standard, the degree of depth is converted, after making conversion
The speed of each layer is equal to vm, thickness is with diRepresent, claim pseudo-thickness.
Reflection coefficient sequence value after depth conversion is constant, and the most corresponding depth coordinate value changes
r'(h′i)=r (h) (7)
In formula:h′iFor the pseudo-degree of depth；R' represents false reflection coefficient sequence.The degree of depth after conversion
The degree of depth at Zhong Ge interface, territory is " pseudo-the degree of depth ", and " Pseudo velocity " all as, it is ensured that Depth Domain is each
Layer neutron deficiency form is consistent, meets the condition of " linear time invariant ".Can be straight in " the pseudo-degree of depth " territory
Connect and calculate by the method for convolution, obtain the earthquake record in " the pseudo-degree of depth " territory, i.e.
X'(h')=s (h') * r'(h') (8)
Wherein: x represents earthquake record；Can utilize above time, deep, length velocity relation, will be " pseudo-
The degree of depth " convolution result contravariant in territory gains in real Depth Domain, i.e.
Obtain the earthquake record in Depth Domain.
Practically in seismic data processing, speed, depth model are often from well-log information, depth-sampling
Interval is constant di=d, " the pseudo-degree of depth " model after reply depth conversion is with constant sampling interval weight
Sampling.Wavelet in Depth Domain is also with d' resampling.True velocity, " the pseudo-degree of depth " model calculate
Reflection coefficient sequence r'(h 'i).Convolution result contravariant is not more than by original after changing to real depth territory again
The constant sampling interval resampling of d, obtains the earthquake record of Depth Domain.Flow process enters into step 105.
In step 105, according to horizon calibration result, in Depth Domain fine seismic data basis for interpretation,
Build rational tectonic framework geological model.Accurate layer position mark is carried out based on Depth Domain composite traces
Fixed, it is ensured that interpretation horizon is rationally accurate, and the tectonic framework geological model of structure is reasonable.Flow process enters into
Step 106.
In step 106, based on geological model, each series of strata at well point are added up the well focal depth obtained
Statistical error is carried out space interpolation by the phased interpolation methods in space such as degree error application Ke Lijin, and passes through
Well point control, well point coverage/radius etc. are set, utilize the three-dimensional generation mode such as geostatistics/
Method and then be generalized to whole 3D data volume, sets up depth offset obligatory point based on geological model.
Flow process enters into step 107.
In step 107, use Fast Threshold convergent iterations algorithm, it is achieved map based on geological information
Earth formation inverting followed the trail of by base.
Under the control of depth offset obligatory point, by Fast Threshold convergent iterations algorithm, it is achieved based on
Earth formation inverting followed the trail of by the base that geological information maps.The method, not against convolution model, avoids deep
The problem of degree territory wavelet extraction, effectively solves the Depth Domain neutron deficiency problem with change in depth.Instead
Drill result to directly obtain from pre-stack depth migration data, it is to avoid the degree of depth, to the multiple conversions of time, carries
High inversion accuracy.Depth Domain seismic inversion section is differentiated the ability of thin layer and will be significantly improved,
Sand layer thickness is also no longer necessary to utilize speed to carry out time and depth transfer, it is possible to it is right directly to carry out with log
Ratio.Flow process terminates.
The Depth Domain earth formation inversion method mapped based on geological information in the present invention, by extracting
Depth Domain wavelet also makes Depth Domain composite traces and carries out horizon calibration, at Depth Domain fine seismic data
In basis for interpretation, build rational tectonic framework geological model, set up based on geological information mapping deep
Degree deviation constraint body, uses Fast Threshold convergent iterations algorithm, it is achieved the base mapped based on geological information
Follow the trail of earth formation inverting, on the one hand can make full use of drilling data, geological information and Depth Domain
Earthquake information, on the other hand sets up complete base signal data dictionary, is come by base signal matching pursuit
Set up the relation between geological information and Depth Domain seismic signal, thus inverting obtains a Depth Domain
Geological information body, i.e. obtains can directly portraying the geologic body vertically and horizontally variation characteristic such as occurrence, thickness
Space geology informosome, it is achieved that utilize Depth Domain data direct predicting reservoir lithology, physical property and oil-containing
The target of gas.
Claims (8)
1. the Depth Domain earth formation inversion method mapped based on geological information, it is characterised in that should
The Depth Domain earth formation inversion method mapped based on geological information includes:
Step 1, inputs pre-stack depth migration seismic data cube；
Step 2, input log data and interpretation horizon；
Step 3, sets up rate pattern, extracts Depth Domain wavelet；
Step 4, makes Depth Domain composite traces, carries out horizon calibration；
Step 5, builds rational tectonic framework geological model；
Step 6, based on geological model, sets up depth offset obligatory point based on geological model；
Step 7, uses Fast Threshold convergent iterations algorithm, it is achieved the base mapped based on geological information chases after
Track earth formation inverting.
The Depth Domain earth formation inverting side mapped based on geological information the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that in step 1, the pre-stack depth migration seismic data cube of input is standard segy
Formatted file.
The Depth Domain earth formation inverting side mapped based on geological information the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that in step 2, the data form of the interpretation horizon data of input be abscissa,
Vertical coordinate and time value.
The Depth Domain earth formation inverting side mapped based on geological information the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that in step 3, by study area Depth Domain log data and geological data
Analyze, choose suitable speed and resampling spacing parameter, set up rate pattern, extract Depth Domain
Wavelet.
The Depth Domain earth formation inverting side mapped based on geological information the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that in step 4, in the case of ensureing that interlayer whilst on tour is constant, to speed
Convert with the degree of depth, with extract Depth Domain seismic wavelet medium velocity as standard speed, other
The speed of each layer is all adjusted in this standard speed, and layer thickness also does corresponding adjustment, then
Make corresponding Depth Domain composite traces.
The Depth Domain earth formation inverting side mapped based on geological information the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that in steps of 5, carries out accurate horizon calibration based on Depth Domain composite traces,
Guaranteeing that interpretation horizon is rationally accurate, the tectonic framework geological model of structure is reasonable.
The Depth Domain earth formation inverting side mapped based on geological information the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that in step 6, based on geological model, adds up each series of strata at well point
Statistical error is carried out sky by the phased interpolation methods in space such as the well shake depth error application Ke Lijin obtained
Between interpolation, and by arranging well point control, well point coverage/radius, utilize geostatistics three
Tie up generation mode/method and then be generalized to whole 3D data volume, setting up the degree of depth based on geological model
Deviation constraint body.
The Depth Domain earth formation inverting side mapped based on geological information the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that in step 7, under the control of depth offset obligatory point, by quick threshold
Value convergent iterations algorithm, it is achieved earth formation inverting followed the trail of by the base mapped based on geological information.
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