CN106093766A - The distortion current detection error calibrating method of electronic trip unit - Google Patents
The distortion current detection error calibrating method of electronic trip unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN106093766A CN106093766A CN201610402006.0A CN201610402006A CN106093766A CN 106093766 A CN106093766 A CN 106093766A CN 201610402006 A CN201610402006 A CN 201610402006A CN 106093766 A CN106093766 A CN 106093766A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3277—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/04—Measuring peak values or amplitude or envelope of ac or of pulses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/04—Measuring form factor, i.e. quotient of root-mean-square value and arithmetic mean of instantaneous value; Measuring peak factor, i.e. quotient of maximum value and root-mean-square value
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of electronic trip unit distortion current detection error calibrating method.Utilize the peak factor of distortion currentK PAnd form factorK W, analyze triangular wave and square wave both typical distortion current waveforms to the impact of electronic trip unit detection error under peak current detection and average electric current detecting method.Detect curve of error by peakvalue's checking curve of error and average and can be seen that peakvalue's checking and the error of average detection under different distortion current waveform.Current Waveform Characteristics according to nonlinear-load and detection curve of error, suitably adjust action current setting valve, it is possible to the electronic trip unit frequent misoperation phenomenon avoiding distortion current to cause to a certain extent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electronic trip unit distortion current detection error calibrating method.
Background technology
In recent years, many factories and enterprise all occurred electronic trip unit non-faulting action to cause low-voltage circuit breaker to be jumped without reason
Lock problem, the power outage thus caused not only threatens equipment and personal safety, and causes serious economic loss.Investigation
Finding, it is the most non-that the load of these low-voltage networks is mainly large-capacity ups, frequency control motor, commutator, electric arc furnace etc.
Linear load, they in the course of the work electric current can produce serious distortion, this causes electronic trip unit non-faulting action
One of the main reasons.The reliability of low-voltage circuit breaker was the most once investigated by IEEE Power System Reliability committee, result
Show that the dropout calibration fault rate of circuit breaker release is the highest, for 2 times of other fault (mechanical breakdown, electrical contact fault) even
Higher.In low-voltage network, kind and the number of Large Copacity nonlinear-load get more and more, and current distortion is day by day serious, and this is to general
The action accuracy of logical electronic trip unit is a huge threat.So, electronic trip unit is examined by quantitative analysis distortion current
Survey the impact of error, propose the electronic trip unit detection error calibrating method under a kind of distortion current significant.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of electronic trip unit distortion current detection error calibrating method；Above-mentioned purpose is led to
Cross following technical scheme to realize:
Electronic trip unit detection error calibrating method under a kind of distortion current, comprises the steps:
(1) wave character of typical non linear load is analyzed
The most single-phase nonlinear-load
Single-phase nonlinear-load is distributed widely in business and folk power supply system, the most typically has electronic fluorescent lamp, switch
Power supply and single-phase rectifier etc., accompanying drawing 1 gives the current waveform of several typical load.Electronic fluorescent lamp is owing to employing electricity
Sub-ballast, its input current waveform generation Severe distortion, shown in waveform such as accompanying drawing 1 (a), for obvious triangled tip pulse.Individual
People's computer, printer, television set and other commonly used Switching Power Supplies of single-phase electronic equipment, its ac-side current 3 times is humorous
Ripple content is the highest, shown in waveform such as accompanying drawing 1 (b), presents the shortest spike.Single-phase rectifier exports electricity more smoothly for obtaining
Stream, generally with big inductance, shown in its input current waveform such as accompanying drawing 1 (c), for rectangle square wave；
B. three-phase nonlinear-load
Three-phase nonlinear-load is widely used in industry and large scale business place, typically has high power UPS, frequency control motor
And three-phase rectifier etc., accompanying drawing 2 gives the current waveform of several typical load；The input side electric current of high power UPS can be sent out
Raw distortion, shown in waveform such as accompanying drawing 2 (a), presents " double arch " shape；The frequency control motor input side when exerting oneself relatively big (low speed)
Electric current will produce serious distortion, shown in waveform such as accompanying drawing 2 (b), presents " double triangle " shape.Three-phase rectifier DC side has greatly
During inductance, output waveform is relatively steady, shown in ac-side current waveform such as accompanying drawing 2 (c), in the rectangle square wave of approximation；
By analyzing the current waveform of typical non linear load, two big classes can be summarized as by its feature: a class is peaked wave, a class
It it is flat-topped wave.Owing to the accurate expression of most distorted waveforms is difficult to try to achieve, the method for piece-wise linearization therefore can be used to come simple
Fractional analysis, as shown in Figure 3；Peaked wave shown in accompanying drawing 3 (a) has produced Severe distortion compared with pure sine wave, uses segmented line
The method of property carries out approximate fits to it, can be equivalent to triangular wave；Flat-topped wave shown in accompanying drawing 3 (b) is compared with pure sine wave
Also there is a substantially distortion, be rectangle square wave by the method for piece-wise linearization by its Approximate Equivalent equally；
(2) electronic trip unit distortion current detection Error Calculation
Accompanying drawing 4 show typical case's distortion current waveform after equivalence, and its positive and negative half wave mirror is symmetrical.In figure, positive half cycles peak value isI p,
Cycle isT, half cycle ON time ist on, triangular wave peak value goes out now and with initial turn-on instant difference ist 0, virtual value isI RMS, positive half cycles average isI av；
Waveform duty cycle:
Peak factor:
Form factor:
Utilizing formula (2) and formula (3) can try to achieve triangular wave and the peak factor of square wave and two characteristic quantities of form factor, they are only
With waveform duty cycleαRelevant.Triangular wave, square wave are as shown in table 1 with the peak factor of pure sine wave and form factor contrast；
Electronic trip unit based on current peak detection is multiplied by coefficient by the current peak detectedK(usually pure sine wave
The inverse of peak factor, i.e. 0.707) obtain current effective value；Electronic trip unit based on the detection of electric current average is by detection
To electric current average be multiplied by coefficientK’(the usually form factor of pure sine wave, i.e. 1.111) obtains current effective value；For mark
Quasi-sine-wave, two kinds of detection methods all can correctly reflect actual current virtual value, but when waveform is distorted, two kinds of detection sides
Current effective value obtained by method has the biggest error, may cause electronic trip unit misoperation；Peak factorK PAnd form factorK W
Two characteristic quantities, reflect the relation between current waveform peak value and average and virtual value respectively, may be used to quantitative analysis distortion
Detect the detection error of two kinds of current detecting modes based on peakvalue's checking and average under electric current；
In order to intuitively, analyze the drop-away current detection error of electronic trip unit under distortion current quantitatively, definition peak value affect because of
Son (abbreviation peak factor):
Average factor of influence (is called for short the average factor):
Then have:
By formula (6) it can be seen that current effective value is peak value and the product of the product of peak factor or average with the average factor；
The detection error of current peak detection method is represented by:
The detection error of the equal value detection method of electric current is represented by:
In formula (7) and (8)I RMS0、PF 0、WF 0Be respectively electric current root-mean-square valve corresponding to pure sine wave, peak factor, waveform because of
Son；Can be in the hope of the error of current peak detection method and the error of average detection method by formula (7) and (8), they only account for waveform
Empty ratioαRelevant；
(3) electronic trip unit distortion current detection curve of error
The distortion current of triangular wave and square wave is in different dutyαUnder peakvalue's checking curve of error as shown in Figure 5；Three
The peakvalue's checking error of angle ripple be always on the occasion of, illustrate triangular wave is used peakvalue's checking and carries out calibration by standard sine wave and ask
The current effective value obtained is bigger than normal than actual value, and along with the reduction of triangular wave dutycycle, peakvalue's checking error can be increasing；
Work as dutycycleαWhen being 0.2, error has reached 173.9%, and the current effective value that i.e. peak alignment obtains is actual value
2.739 times, this can be erroneously interpreted as even one little short-circuit signal of an over-current signal, thus causes overload protection or low threshold
Value short-circuit protection misoperation；
Square wave is in dutycycleαDuring less than 0.5, peakvalue's checking error is just, the current effective value obtained is bigger than actual value；When
DutycycleαDuring more than 0.5, peakvalue's checking error is negative, shows that the current effective value obtained is less than actual value；Also may be used from figure
To find out, the peakvalue's checking error of square wave is significantly less than triangular wave, works as dutycycleαIt is 58.11% when being 0.2；
The distortion current of triangular wave and square wave is in different dutyαUnder average detection curve of error as shown in Figure 6；Three
The average detection error of angle ripple is always negative value, shows triangular wave to use average detection and carries out calibration by standard sine wave to ask
The current effective value obtained is less than normal than actual value, and along with the reduction of triangular wave dutycycle, average detection error is increasing, when
DutycycleαWhen being 0.2, error has reached-56.98%, and the current effective value that i.e. all value calibration obtains is the 0.4302 of actual value
Times, such detection method made stream can be erroneously interpreted as normal current, thus overload protection refused action；
Square wave is in dutycycleαDuring less than 0.81, average detection error is negative, shows the current effective value that equal value calibration obtains
Less than actual value；DutycycleαDuring more than 0.81, average detection error is just, shows the current effective value ratio that equal value calibration obtains
Actual value is big；From this figure it can be seen that the average detection error of square wave is slightly less than triangular wave, work as dutycycleαWhen being 0.2
Also reached-50.33%, worked as dutycycleαWhen being 1, there is being to the maximum the positive average detection error of 11.07% in square wave；
(4) detection of electronic trip unit distortion current calibrates for error
According to above-mentioned, electronic trip unit distortion current is detected error analysis, can suitably adjust electronics according to system loading type and take off
The current protection setting valve of button device, to eliminate the protection device misoperation that detection error of threading off causes.Concrete grammar is as follows: first
Judge which kind of type load belongs to according to current waveform, can come equivalent with which kind of waveform；It is then determined that protection device electronics is threaded off
The current detecting mode of device, to select corresponding detection curve of error as reference；Big finally according to corresponding detection error amount
Little, adjust primary current protection seting value.
Beneficial effect
1. distortion current waveform is equivalent to triangular wave and the big class of square wave two by the present invention, utilizes peak factor and form factor
Can be in the hope of electronic trip unit peakvalue's checking under different distorted waveforms and the error amount of average detection；
2., according to wave character and the detection curve of error of nonlinear-load, suitably adjust action current setting valve, it is possible to
The electronic trip unit frequent misoperation phenomenon avoiding distortion current to cause to a certain extent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is single-phase nonlinear-load current waveform
Fig. 2 is three-phase nonlinear-load current waveform
Fig. 3 is the Approximate Equivalent of typical non linear load current waveform
Fig. 4 is typical case's distortion current waveform
Fig. 5 peakvalue's checking curve of error
Fig. 6 average detection curve of error
Fig. 7 arc furnace current waveform.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
In industry as a example by widely used arc furnace load, analyze the electronics dropout detection error that distortion current causes.Utilize
Computer simulation software builds the model of typical non linear load arc furnace system, obtains electric arc furnace fusing as shown in Figure 7
Phase current waveform.This waveform is typical peaked wave, available triangular wave Approximate Equivalent, and the dutycycle of equivalence triangular wave is 0.7.Ripple
The positive half cycles peak value of shape is 2900A, and positive half cycles average is 1160A, and virtual value is 1530A.The corresponding two kinds of detections of this waveform
The detection error of mode is as shown in table 2 with the detection error amount of approximation triangular wave, and the detection of approximation triangular wave and actual waveform is by mistake
Difference is quite.The virtual value that arc furnace current peakvalue's checking obtains is 2048A, and the virtual value that average detection obtains is 1289A；
Owing to electric arc furnace is maximum at melting stage current value, and melting stage current effective value is 1530A, for the open circuit of current protection
Device can select DW914 (AH)-2000 model to join the low-voltage circuit breaker of electronic trip unit.Detection under not considering distortion current
During error, action current and setting valve movement time of circuit breaker electronic release can be configured as shown in table 3；
According to table 3, overload long delay protection will be at electric current more than 1.2I rAction time (i.e. 1920A).Melt at electric arc furnace
During maximum current value, calibrate current effective value is actual current virtual value 1.339 times obtained (i.e. according to peakvalue's checking
2048A), the working value of overload long delay protection has been exceeded, it will cause electronic trip unit mistrip.This is because electronics is threaded off
The peakvalue's checking error of device is just, the most too high have estimated line current, causes actual act current value less than setting valve.Now,
If considering detection error of threading off, carrying out protection seting by the load rating electric current of 1.339 times, electrical apparatus release false tripping can be avoided
Lock.
Claims (3)
1. the distortion current detection error calibrating method of an electronic trip unit, it is characterised in that: it is distorted at line current
In the case of, utilize the peak factor of current waveform and form factor can accurately calculate the current detecting of electronic trip unit by mistake
Difference, according to Current Waveform Characteristics and the detection curve of error of nonlinear-load, suitably adjusts electronic trip unit action current whole
Definite value, it is possible to avoid the electronic trip unit misoperation phenomenon that distortion current causes to a certain extent；
The method comprises the steps:
(1) wave character of typical non linear load is analyzed
The most single-phase nonlinear-load
Single-phase nonlinear-load is distributed widely in business and folk power supply system, the most typically has electronic fluorescent lamp, switch
Power supply and single-phase rectifier etc., accompanying drawing 1 gives the current waveform of several typical load；Electronic fluorescent lamp is owing to employing electricity
Sub-ballast, its input current waveform generation Severe distortion, shown in waveform such as accompanying drawing 1 (a), for obvious triangled tip pulse；Individual
People's computer, printer, television set and other commonly used Switching Power Supplies of single-phase electronic equipment, its ac-side current 3 times is humorous
Ripple content is the highest, shown in waveform such as accompanying drawing 1 (b), presents the shortest spike；Single-phase rectifier exports electricity more smoothly for obtaining
Stream, generally with big inductance, shown in its input current waveform such as accompanying drawing 1 (c), for rectangle square wave；
B. three-phase nonlinear-load
Three-phase nonlinear-load is widely used in industry and large scale business place, typically has high power UPS, frequency control motor
And three-phase rectifier etc., accompanying drawing 2 gives the current waveform of several typical load；The input side electric current of high power UPS can be sent out
Raw distortion, shown in waveform such as accompanying drawing 2 (a), presents " double arch " shape；The frequency control motor input side when exerting oneself relatively big (low speed)
Electric current will produce serious distortion, shown in waveform such as accompanying drawing 2 (b), presents " double triangle " shape；Three-phase rectifier DC side has greatly
During inductance, output waveform is relatively steady, shown in ac-side current waveform such as accompanying drawing 2 (c), in the rectangle square wave of approximation；
By analyzing the current waveform of typical non linear load, two big classes can be summarized as by its feature: a class is peaked wave, a class
It it is flat-topped wave；Owing to the accurate expression of most distorted waveforms is difficult to try to achieve, the method for piece-wise linearization therefore can be used to come simple
Fractional analysis, as shown in Figure 3；Peaked wave shown in accompanying drawing 3 (a) has produced Severe distortion compared with pure sine wave, uses segmented line
The method of property carries out approximate fits to it, can be equivalent to triangular wave；Flat-topped wave shown in accompanying drawing 3 (b) is compared with pure sine wave
Also there is a substantially distortion, be rectangle square wave by the method for piece-wise linearization by its Approximate Equivalent equally；
(2) electronic trip unit distortion current detection Error Calculation
Accompanying drawing 4 show typical case's distortion current waveform after equivalence, and its positive and negative half wave mirror is symmetrical；In figure, positive half cycles peak value isI p,
Cycle isT, half cycle ON time ist on, triangular wave peak value goes out now and with initial turn-on instant difference ist 0, virtual value isI RMS, positive half cycles average isI av；
Waveform duty cycle:
Peak factor:
Form factor:
Utilizing formula (2) and formula (3) can try to achieve triangular wave and the peak factor of square wave and two characteristic quantities of form factor, they are only
With waveform duty cycleαRelevant；Triangular wave, square wave are as shown in table 1 with the peak factor of pure sine wave and form factor contrast；
Electronic trip unit based on current peak detection is multiplied by coefficient by the current peak detectedK(usually pure sine wave
The inverse of peak factor, i.e. 0.707) obtain current effective value；Electronic trip unit based on the detection of electric current average is by detection
To electric current average be multiplied by coefficientK’(the usually form factor of pure sine wave, i.e. 1.111) obtains current effective value；For mark
Quasi-sine-wave, two kinds of detection methods all can correctly reflect actual current virtual value, but when waveform is distorted, two kinds of detection sides
Current effective value obtained by method has the biggest error, may cause electronic trip unit misoperation；Peak factorK PAnd form factorK W
Two characteristic quantities, reflect the relation between current waveform peak value and average and virtual value respectively, may be used to quantitative analysis distortion
Detect the detection error of two kinds of current detecting modes based on peakvalue's checking and average under electric current；
In order to intuitively, analyze the drop-away current detection error of electronic trip unit under distortion current quantitatively, definition peak value affect because of
Son (abbreviation peak factor):
Average factor of influence (is called for short the average factor):
Then have:
By formula (6) it can be seen that current effective value is peak value and the product of the product of peak factor or average with the average factor；
The detection error of current peak detection method is represented by:
The detection error of the equal value detection method of electric current is represented by:
In formula (7) and (8)I RMS0、PF 0、WF 0Be respectively electric current root-mean-square valve corresponding to pure sine wave, peak factor, waveform because of
Son；Can be in the hope of the error of current peak detection method and the error of average detection method by formula (7) and (8), they only account for waveform
Empty ratioαRelevant；
(3) electronic trip unit distortion current detection curve of error
The distortion current of triangular wave and square wave is in different dutyαUnder peakvalue's checking curve of error as shown in Figure 5；Three
The peakvalue's checking error of angle ripple be always on the occasion of, illustrate triangular wave is used peakvalue's checking and carries out calibration by standard sine wave and ask
The current effective value obtained is bigger than normal than actual value, and along with the reduction of triangular wave dutycycle, peakvalue's checking error can be increasing；
Work as dutycycleαWhen being 0.2, error has reached 173.9%, and the current effective value that i.e. peak alignment obtains is actual value
2.739 times, this can be erroneously interpreted as even one little short-circuit signal of an over-current signal, thus causes overload protection or low threshold
Value short-circuit protection misoperation；
Square wave is in dutycycleαDuring less than 0.5, peakvalue's checking error is just, the current effective value obtained is bigger than actual value；When
DutycycleαDuring more than 0.5, peakvalue's checking error is negative, shows that the current effective value obtained is less than actual value；Also may be used from figure
To find out, the peakvalue's checking error of square wave is significantly less than triangular wave, works as dutycycleαIt is 58.11% when being 0.2；
The distortion current of triangular wave and square wave is in different dutyαUnder average detection curve of error as shown in Figure 6；Three
The average detection error of angle ripple is always negative value, shows triangular wave to use average detection and carries out calibration by standard sine wave to ask
The current effective value obtained is less than normal than actual value, and along with the reduction of triangular wave dutycycle, average detection error is increasing, when
DutycycleαWhen being 0.2, error has reached-56.98%, and the current effective value that i.e. all value calibration obtains is the 0.4302 of actual value
Times, such detection method made stream can be erroneously interpreted as normal current, thus overload protection refused action；
Square wave is in dutycycleαDuring less than 0.81, average detection error is negative, shows the current effective value that equal value calibration obtains
Less than actual value；DutycycleαDuring more than 0.81, average detection error is just, shows the current effective value ratio that equal value calibration obtains
Actual value is big；From this figure it can be seen that the average detection error of square wave is slightly less than triangular wave, work as dutycycleαWhen being 0.2
Also reached-50.33%, worked as dutycycleαWhen being 1, there is being to the maximum the positive average detection error of 11.07% in square wave；
(4) detection of electronic trip unit distortion current calibrates for error
According to above-mentioned, electronic trip unit distortion current is detected error analysis, can suitably adjust electronics according to system loading type and take off
The current protection setting valve of button device, to eliminate the protection device misoperation that detection error of threading off causes；Concrete grammar is as follows: first
Judge which kind of type load belongs to according to current waveform, can come equivalent with which kind of waveform；It is then determined that protection device electronics is threaded off
The current detecting mode of device, to select corresponding detection curve of error as reference；Big finally according to corresponding detection error amount
Little, adjust primary current protection seting value.
2. the electronic trip unit distortion current detection error calibrating method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that will distortion electricity
Stream waveform is equivalent to triangular wave and the big class of square wave two, utilizes peak factor and the form factor can be in the hope of under difference distorted waveforms
Electronic trip unit peakvalue's checking and the error amount of average detection.
3. the electronic trip unit distortion current detection error calibrating method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that according to non-thread
Property load wave character and detection curve of error, suitably adjust action current setting valve, it is possible to avoid to a certain extent
The electronic trip unit misoperation phenomenon that distortion current causes.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN106771728A (en) * | 2016-12-03 | 2017-05-31 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | A kind of uncertainty analysis method of distressed spectrum calibration result |
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| CN106771728A (en) * | 2016-12-03 | 2017-05-31 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | A kind of uncertainty analysis method of distressed spectrum calibration result |
| CN106771728B (en) * | 2016-12-03 | 2019-01-25 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | A kind of uncertainty analysis method of distressed spectrum calibration result |
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