CN106082390A - 一种紫外光和自由氯联用降低水质综合毒性的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于水处理领域，提供了一种紫外光和自由氯联用降低水质综合毒性的方法。该方法通过联用紫外光和自由氯，能够有效降低水体的综合毒性，解决了氯化过程有可能增加水质综合毒性的问题。本发明水处理方法为：向待处理的水中投加自由氯，并同时进行光辐照，即可，水处理过程中保持搅拌状态。所述待处理水为水源水、饮用水厂过滤后水、污水、地下水、工业废水等，所述自由氯为氯气和/或次氯酸盐。本发明利用光照激发氯产生具有强氧化性的羟基自由基和氯自由基，降低水质综合毒性，具有对毒性物质降解效率高、节省药剂、运行操作简单、使用安全等优点。通过该方法处理后，水质综合毒性可以被有效降低，保障水质安全，具有较好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水中有毒有害的微污染物的控制技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种紫外光和自由氯联用降低水质综合毒性的方法，适用于饮用水处理、污水深度处理、再生水处理、地下水处理等。
背景技术
近年来，随着我国工农业水平的迅速发展及人民生活水平的不断提高，大量有毒有害的有机污染物和有害的病原微生物进入自然水体，这些污染物/病原微生物不仅危害自然水体中水生生物的生存，同时危害人类健康，对水生生物和人类健康产生不同类型的生物毒性，如：一般毒性（如：急性毒性、慢性毒性）或特殊毒性（如：基因遗传毒性、雌激素毒性、抗雌激素毒性、雄激素毒性、肝毒性、神经毒性等）。氯被广泛用水的消毒杀灭病原微生物的过程和氧化有机污染物，但是，氯化过程产生了大量有毒有害的氯化副产物，造成水质遗传毒性的增加（Cheh et al., 1980, Science, 207: 90），并增加了人类罹患癌症的风险。同时，在实际水体中，在针对特定化学成份分析的过程中，没有预料到的毒性物质总是检测不到。除此之外，即使样品的化学成份已经很清楚，也无法确定其毒性。特别是在混合样品中，化合物的毒性效应是所有组成物质协同或拮抗作用的综合结果而不是单一物质作用的加减。因此，有必要研发一种有效、经济、可行地降低水质综合毒性的技术，而不是仅仅着眼于某些污染物质的降低，这种技术不仅可适用于饮用水处理、污水深度处理、再生水处理、工业水处理以及地下水处理等。
紫外光和自由氯联用对有毒有机污染物有良好的降解能力，自由氯在光辐照下产生大量的羟基自由基和氯原子破坏有毒污染物的结构（Fang et al., ES&T., 2014, 48,1859），从而降低水质综合毒性，减少对人类健康和自然生态的危害。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为降低目前饮用水、污水、再生水、工业污水、和地下水中具有较高生物毒性的问题，而提供了一种紫外光和自由氯联用降低水质综合毒性的方法。本发明的方法可以有效降低水质综合毒性，保障水质安全。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：
一种紫外光和自由氯联用降低水质综合毒性的方法，向生物毒性较高的水中投加自由氯，然后进行光辐照以去除水质综合毒性。自由氯为氯气和/或次氯酸盐。
本发明的原理是将自由氯投加到具有生物毒性的水中，然后在光照下，产生大量的羟基自由基和含氯自由基，从而破坏具有生物毒性化合物的致毒结构，以降低水质综合毒性。
为了提高降低水质综合毒性的效果，优选的，还可以向含有生物毒性的水体中投加自由氯后充分搅拌后进行光辐照。
优选的，所述次氯酸盐为次氯酸钠、次氯酸钾、次氯酸钙或次氯酸镁中的任意一种或组合。
在本发明中，光辐照的方式可以有多种，光辐照可以采用太阳光、普通的紫外波谱光源，如发光二极管（LED灯）、低压汞灯、中压汞灯、高压汞灯、汞齐紫外灯、卤素灯、氙灯、黑灯、真空紫外灯、X射线、α射线、γ射线或太阳光中的任意一种或组合。
自由氯的投加方式可以为固体粉末、溶液，或氯气直接投加。
优选的，所述光辐照的方式为过流式、浸没式或表面辐照式。
本发明所述具有生物毒性的水既可以是饮用水、污水或再生水，也可以是工业废水或地下水。在实际的去除过程中，可以按照水质要求和设计规范，设计不同的反应器构型、药剂配比、紫外光强度，达到快速去除水中微污染物的目的。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：第一，与传统水处理（如氯化消毒，紫外消毒）相比，能够有效降低水质综合毒性，包括：一般毒性（如：急性毒性、慢性毒性）或特殊毒性（如：基因遗传毒性、雌激素毒性、抗雌激素毒性、雄激素毒性、肝毒性、神经毒性等）。第二，与其他常见高级氧化工艺（紫外/过氧化氢、芬顿/过氧化氢等）相比，紫外光和自由氯联用处理后剩余的氧化剂（氯）还可以用作饮用水管网余氯，不需要进行药剂终止，可以大大的节省药剂；第三，成本较低且操作十分简单，易于推广应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明具体实施方式四降低水中基因毒性的去除效果图；
图2为本发明具体实施方式四降低水中急性毒性的去除效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的描述，但本发明的实施方式并不限于此。
本发明“一种紫外光和自由氯联用降低水质综合毒性的方法”涉及到一种通过向具有生物毒性的水体中投加一定量的自由氯，并通过光辐照，从而降低水质综合毒性的方法。
具体实施方式一
本实施方式基于紫外光和自由氯联用去除水中微污染物方法按以下方法进行：向具有生物毒性的水中投加氯，并充分搅拌，然后进行光辐照，来降低水质综合毒性。其中氯的投加方式为通氯气、次氯酸（钠，钾，钙，镁）粉末或溶液，氯的投加量依水质条件而定。
本实施方式中光辐照可以采用太阳光、低压汞灯、中压汞灯、高压汞灯、汞齐紫外灯、卤素灯即可满足使用条件，也可以利用氙灯、黑灯、真空紫外灯、X射线、α射线或γ射线中的一种。紫外光的辐照采用过流式，紫外光源外壁需要嵌套石英管加以保护。在具体使用时，紫外光辐照的强度要保持稳定，并需要定期清洗或更换紫外光源以保持紫外剂量的要求。
具体实施方式二
本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是：光辐照采用浸没式，紫外光源外壁需要嵌套石英管加以保护。
具体实施方式三
本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是：光辐照采用表面辐照式，紫外光源不需要嵌套石英管加以保护。
具体实施方式四
本实施方式与具体实施方式三不同的是，氯的投加方式采用次氯酸盐溶液的方式投加。图1是本具体实施方式对基因毒性的降低效果图（反应条件：[氯]0 = 14.2mg， 紫外光强 = 0.808 μEinstein L-1s-1，pH = 7.7），图2是本具体实施方式对急性毒性的去除效果图（其反应条件：[氯]0 = 14.2mg， 紫外光强 = 0.808 μEinstein L-1s-1，pH = 7.7），所用水为污水处理厂二级出水，该二级出水pH值为7.7。向二级出水中加入次氯酸钠溶液使其浓度为14.2mg/L (200 μM )，搅拌均匀后暴露在紫外光源下，紫外光源为发射254 nm波长的低压汞灯，实验水体所接受的紫外光强为0.808 μEinstein L-1s-1；另外运行两组控制实验，条件类似，不同之处在于一组不加入次氯酸钠，而另外一组不接受紫外光照。
以上所述的本发明的实施方式，并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。任何在本发明的精神原则之内所作出的修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种紫外光和自由氯联用降低水质综合毒性的方法，其特征在于，向具有生物毒性的水中投加自由氯，然后进行光辐照以去除水中降低水质综合毒性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的紫外光和自由氯联用降低水质综合毒性的方法，其特征在于，向具有生物毒性的水中投加自由氯后充分搅拌后进行光辐照。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的紫外光和自由氯联用降低水质综合毒性的方法，其特征在于，所述自由氯为氯气、次氯酸钠、次氯酸钾、次氯酸钙或次氯酸镁中的任意一种或组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的紫外光和自由氯联用降低水质综合毒性的方法，其特征在于，所述光辐照采用发光二极管（LED）、低压汞灯、中压汞灯、高压汞灯、汞齐紫外灯、卤素灯、氙灯、黑灯、真空紫外灯、X射线、α射线、γ射线中或太阳光、的任意一种或组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的紫外光和自由氯联用降低水质综合毒性的方法，其特征在于，所述自由氯的投加方式为固体粉末、溶液或者气体投加。
6.根据权利要求1所述的紫外光和自由氯联用降低水质综合毒性的方法，其特征在于，所述光辐照的方式为过流式、浸没式或表面辐照式。
7.根据权利要求1所述的紫外光和自由氯联用降低水质综合毒性的方法，其特征在于，所述含有有毒有机污染物的水为饮用水、污水、再生水、工业水或地下水。
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| CN111115749A (zh) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-08 | 南京工程学院 | 处理水中禾草敌农药污染的方法 |
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