CN106079482B - 用于制造复合部件的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造复合部件的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106079482B
CN106079482B CN201610274087.0A CN201610274087A CN106079482B CN 106079482 B CN106079482 B CN 106079482B CN 201610274087 A CN201610274087 A CN 201610274087A CN 106079482 B CN106079482 B CN 106079482B
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composite
cured
composite part
composite component
resin transfer
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CN106079482A (zh
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里卡多·皮尼略斯马丁内斯
维克托·加西亚索拉雷斯
皮拉尔·穆尼奥斯洛佩斯
梅拉尼娅·佩雷斯桑切斯
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/02—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with incorporated heating or cooling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/02—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with incorporated heating or cooling means
    • B29C33/04—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with incorporated heating or cooling means using liquids, gas or steam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/16—Cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
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    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/301—Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73753—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73755—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B29C66/73941—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
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    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C35/16—Cooling
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于制造复合部件的方法，其中，至少第一复合部件(1)接合至第二复合部件(2)，其特征在于，所述方法包括下述步骤：将所述第一复合部件(1)预成形件提供至树脂传递模具(3)中；对进入树脂传递模具(3)的所述第一部件(1)进行加热以执行第一部件的固化周期；在固化周期完成之前冷却所述第一部件(1)从而获得半固化的第一部件(1)；将半固化的第一部件(1)接合至固化的预浸料第二部件(2)以获得最终的复合部件。

Description

用于制造复合部件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造由碳纤维增强聚合物制成的部件的方法。
背景技术
在现有技术中已知了下列用于将两个复合部件接合的制造方法。
-共固化。两个新制成部件之间通过化学交联的接合。尽管该方法产生部件之间的高品质的接合，但是其对于复杂部件(高水平的集成)而言具有下述缺点：难以获得没有缺陷的工件，因为当接合简单时其工作更好。
-共粘结。新制成的部件与固化的部件之间通过化学交联的接合加上粘合剂接合。该方法具有难以对接合的部件之间的粘结线的厚度和均匀分布进行控制的缺点。另外，当例如提供粘合剂层来执行接合时，需要一些粘结的二次操作及预备操作，在粘合之前使用被剥离的释放的织物，并且在粘结之前有时需要对表面进行喷砂和清洗。因此，所述方法意味着必须执行很多提前准备的时间和经常性成本以及大量的步骤来实现高质量的接合。
-二次粘结。两个固化的部件之间用粘合剂接合的接合。这种接合具有下述缺点：其难以确保均匀的粘结线的分布，这样导致不适合的粘合剂性能。因此，在接合之后需要进行铆接以防止粘合剂失效。另外，当例如需要提供粘合剂层时需要粘结的二次操作及预备操作，并且在粘结之前有时需要对准备接合的表面进行喷砂。
发明内容
本发明关注的是通过一种减少制造步骤并且减少铆接接合的方法来制造复杂的复合部件。
所要求保护的方法适用于将至少第一部件和第二部件接合，并且其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：
-将第一部件预成形件提供至树脂传递模具中，
-对进入树脂传递模具的所述第一部件进行加热以执行第一部件的固化周期，
-在固化周期完成之前冷却所述第一部件从而获得半固化的第一部件，
-将半固化的第一部件接合至固化的预浸料第二部件以获得最终的复合部件。
本发明开发了一种新型的接合：固化的复合部件与不完全固化的部件进行结合。该接合结合了共固化方法和共粘结方法的主要特征/优点，因此提高了制造方法的质量。
本发明允许树脂传递模塑(RTM)制造的不完全固化的部件可以与常规固化的配对件一起被后固化(post-cured)并且巩固(consolidated)，以一次性的方式产生集成的结构，从而降低成本且减少时间。通过确保足够的固化程度，第一复合部件能够适应第二复合部件的厚度变化，从而保持几何形状而没有树脂从半固化部件流出。
半固化的第一部件和固化的预浸料第二部件之间的接合可以通过机械压力机或者通过气动装置或液压装置或者在高压釜中执行。另外，半固化的第一部件与固化的预浸料第二部件之间的接合通过在两个部件之间插入结构粘合剂来执行。
本发明的目的方法的主要优点是：
-对粘结线的均匀性和厚度进行高水平的控制，从而确保粘合剂接合的适当的机械性能。化学交联作为接合机理。
-避免粘结的二次操作及预备操作，例如粘合剂层的铺设或喷砂。这意味着大大减少了若干制造过程的提前准备的时间和经常成本。
-减少或避免了铆接接合。
-高水平的优点涉及与未固化部件相比而言半固化部件的储存情况。
-具有复杂几何尺寸的接合部件的高灵活性/适应性而不存在内部残余应力。
半固化的树脂使得在预浸料被固化的温度处第一部件能够变形，并且因此，其表现出适应第二部件的几何形状改变、比如厚度改变或吸收尺寸公差的能力。
另外，本发明的另一目的是树脂传递模具，该树脂传递模具包括用于复合部件预成形件插入的腔，其特征在于，该树脂传递模具还包括冷却系统和多个独立的热电阻，所述冷却系统和多个独立的热电阻允许在第一部件的固化周期期间对复合部件的温度进行详细地控制。
附图说明
为了全面地描述并且为了提供对本发明的更好理解，提供了一套附图。所述附图形成说明书的组成部分并示出了本发明的优选实施方式。所述附图包括以下图示。
图1示出了接合至蒙皮的桁条的立体图，该桁条是第一复合部件并且蒙皮是第二复合部件。
图2示出了树脂传递模塑的模具的实施方式的截面图。
图3以图2的模具的横向截面示出了加热电阻的分布的示意图。
图4以图2的模具的横向截面示出了冷却的流体流的分布的示意图。
图5示出了实施方式的示意图，该实施方式公开了图1的桁条和蒙皮的接合中使用的覆板的分布。
图6示出了实施方式的示意图，该实施方式公开了图1的桁条和蒙皮的接合中使用的覆板的分布。
图7示出了第一复合部件与第二复合部件之间的接合的示意性表示。
具体实施方式
存在若干可以根据所要求保护的方法来制造的部件，比如，集成在机翼上的桁条、HTP和VTP覆盖件、铆接的机身框架或集成在机身上的Ω型桁条。伴随描述的附图公开了接合至蒙皮2的T形桁条1。
在所示实施方式中，半固化材料通过使用树脂传递模塑(RTM)由机织碳织物和环氧树脂制成。半固化的部件1的玻璃化转变温度Tg应该位于两个限度之间。一方面，玻璃化转变温度应该足够高以将第一部件1的粘着性和可变形性保持在可接受的范围内。另一方面，玻璃化转变温度应该足够低以为半固化部件1提供后续后固化周期所需的适应性。
RTM过程的温度均匀性和时间控制对于实现第一部件1和第二部件2的后续集成所需的具体的固化程度是非常重要的。为此，RTM模具3配备有多个独立的热电阻4，所述多个独立的热电阻允许对第一部件1的温度进行详细地控制。图3示出了用于将加热系统4定位在RMT模具3中的实施方式的截面图。
根据本发明，环氧树脂放热反应被停止。在所示实施方式中，根据具体的固化周期通过使冷流体再循环至RTM模具3中来使环氧树脂放热反应停止。特别地，再循环的冷流体是水。初始的水冷是通过在模具3上机加工的特定的孔来执行的。在此情况下，玻璃化转变温度接近室温。
在附图中所示的实施方式中，部分固化的桁条1接合至固化的蒙皮2。桁条1预成形件通过铺设具有不同取向的层来准备。层的热成形包括在熔炉中1小时期间处于80℃下的干层的真空袋粘结(vacuum bag binding of the dry layers)。热成形工具允许准备组装桁条1需要的两个L形以及覆盖部件。
根据在前述段落中指出的程序制成的桁条1预成形件通过使用如图2中所示的三件式的RTM模具3而注塑。如图3中所示，两个加热系统(腹板和凸缘)独立地安装在不同的横向部段处以在桁条1固化周期期间确保RTM模具3的好的温度均匀性。每个加热电阻被配装有K型热电偶以对一段时间内供给的电力进行控制。为了独立地控制电阻组而设置有控制单元，电阻组重复地设置在RTM模具3的不同截面中。
在实施方式中，RTM模具3的所有入口端口/出口端口被关闭并且温度上升达到140℃用以使桁条1半固化。所述目标温度接近表示完全固化状态的180℃。通过使桁条1在规定的时间期间经受140℃从而实现目标的固化程度。根据通过差示扫描量热计获得的固化程度测量值并结合不同的试验以及误差来选择合适的固化时间。
在RTM模具3的三个部件处还可以提供水循环。加热器4和冷却器5不放置在相同的截面处，以使加热负载和冷却负载均匀地分布在RTM模具3的长度上。
确定了用于50％固化程度和75％固化程度的固化周期。两个测试之间的温度变化很小并且对固化程度的均匀性的影响微小。其可以通过玻璃化转变温度关于桁条1的长度和截面的映射来表示。
可以以两个阶段执行将RTM模具3从固化温度冷却下来。首先，处于室温的流体被引导通过模具3直至温度下降至例如20℃(该温度足以对模具3进行操作并且打开模具3)。半固化的桁条1仍然处于可变形的情况，并且简单的脱模力足以产生大的变形。然而，通过使用例如乙醇作为冷却流体执行从20℃至例如0℃的额外的温度下降。该最后一个操作完成以确保半固化桁条1的操纵是正确的，而不存在通过操作者强加的任何外部变形。此外，半固化的树脂在室温处的粘着性很高，因此处理并且冷却降至例如-5℃有助于材料的操纵。
过冷却程序有助于将半固化的第一部件1从模具3取出。在公开的实施方式中，半固化的桁条1首先被储存在处于接近目标冷却温度、例如2℃的温度的冰箱中以保持固化程度，并且当需要时在与预浸料蒙皮2集成之前进行修整和机加工操作。
由于树脂的半固化状态，因此半固化材料中的修整和机加工操作很可能是困难的。由于半固化的树脂不能支承纤维，因此不允许用盘刀(disk)直接切削。半固化的树脂能够变形并且在机加工期间产生摩擦和热量，因而树脂变得更软从而允许织物纤维束自由移动，从而通过材料钝化(弱化)、板层层离等的修整是困难的。因此，具体的修整程序被应用以降低该难度，在与预浸料蒙皮2集成之前提供具有受控的最终形状的桁条1。更具体地，在修整期间层压板边缘被夹持。
预浸料蒙皮2通过将单向的预浸料以不同取向铺设并且在用于铺设和固化的扁钢板的帮助下来准备。钢板在两侧被刻有划线以在铺设和修整操作期间进行帮助。四个销被插入板中以在高压釜中的固结期间用作覆板6、7、8的导引件。
提供有适合于桁条1的形状的成角度的覆板7和平面的覆板6。另外，图7示出了呈面板形式的第一部件1以及预浸料蒙皮2，覆板8具有蒙皮2的形状。
在所有情况下，第一部件1和第二部件2的组装在高压釜中执行并且通过在两个部件1、2之间插入结构粘合剂来执行。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于制造复合部件的方法，其中，至少第一复合部件(1)接合至第二复合部件(2)，其特征在于，所述方法包括下述步骤：
-将所述第一复合部件(1)的预成形件提供至树脂传递模具(3)中，
-对进入所述树脂传递模具(3)的所述第一复合部件(1)进行加热以执行所述第一复合部件的固化周期，
-在所述固化周期完成之前，通过将流体再循环至所述树脂传递模具(3)中以冷却所述第一复合部件(1)从而获得半固化的第一复合部件(1)，其中，冷却步骤以包括第一阶段和第二阶段的两个阶段执行，在所述第一阶段中，第一流体被引导通过所述树脂传递模具(3)直至所述第一复合部件(1)的温度降低至室温为止，所述第二阶段具有额外的温度下降，
-将所述半固化的第一复合部件(1)接合至固化的预浸料的第二复合部件(2)以获得最终的复合部件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于制造复合部件的方法，其中，所述半固化的第一复合部件(1)与所述固化的预浸料的第二复合部件(2)之间的接合通过在所述半固化的第一复合部件(1)和所述固化的预浸料的第二复合部件(2)之间插入结构粘合剂来执行。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于制造复合部件的方法，其中，所述半固化的第一复合部件(1)与所述固化的预浸料的第二复合部件(2)之间的接合在高压釜中执行。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于制造复合部件的方法，其中，所述半固化的第一复合部件(1)与所述固化的预浸料的第二复合部件(2)之间的接合通过机械压力机执行。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于制造复合部件的方法，其中，所述半固化的第一复合部件(1)与所述固化的预浸料的第二复合部件(2)之间的接合通过气动装置或液压装置来执行。
6.根据权利要求1-4中的任一项所述的用于制造复合部件的方法，其中，在将所述第一复合部件(1)提供至所述树脂传递模具(3)之前，所述第一复合部件(1)被热成形。
7.根据权利要求1-4中的任一项所述的用于制造复合部件的方法，其中，所述半固化的第一复合部件(1)以接近目标冷却温度的温度储存，以在与所述固化的预浸料的第二复合部件(2)的后续集成之前保持固化程度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于制造复合部件的方法，其中，所述第一流体是水。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用于制造复合部件的方法，其中，所述额外的温度下降为直至-5℃为止。
10.根据权利要求1所述的用于制造复合部件的方法，其中，所述额外的温度下降为直至0℃为止。
11.一种用于制造复合部件的树脂传递模具(3)，所述树脂传递模具(3)包括用于第一复合部件(1)的预成形件插入的腔，其特征在于，所述树脂传递模具(3)还包括冷却系统(5)和多个独立的热电阻(4)，所述冷却系统(5)和所述多个独立的热电阻(4)允许对所述第一复合部件(1)的温度进行控制，
所述多个独立的热电阻构造成加热所述第一复合部件(1)的预成形件，以执行所述第一复合部件(1)的固化周期，以及
所述冷却系统构造成：在所述固化周期完成之前，通过将流体再循环至所述树脂传递模具(3)中以冷却所述第一复合部件(1)从而获得半固化的第一复合部件(1)，其中，冷却步骤以包括第一阶段和第二阶段的两个阶段执行，在所述第一阶段中，第一流体被引导通过所述树脂传递模具(3)直至所述第一复合部件(1)的温度降低至室温为止，所述第二阶段具有额外的温度下降。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用于制造复合部件的树脂传递模具(3)，其中，所述热电阻(4)和所述冷却系统(5)不放置在所述树脂传递模具(3)的相同的截面处，以在所述树脂传递模具(3)的长度上均匀地分布加热负载和冷却负载。
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