CN106076277A - Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens garbage is biological adsorption agent of raw material making and its production and use - Google Patents
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens garbage is biological adsorption agent of raw material making and its production and use Download PDFInfo
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- CN106076277A CN106076277A CN201610557691.4A CN201610557691A CN106076277A CN 106076277 A CN106076277 A CN 106076277A CN 201610557691 A CN201610557691 A CN 201610557691A CN 106076277 A CN106076277 A CN 106076277A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
- B01J2220/485—Plants or land vegetals, e.g. cereals, wheat, corn, rice, sphagnum, peat moss
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
- B01J2220/4887—Residues, wastes, e.g. garbage, municipal or industrial sludges, compost, animal manure; fly-ashes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/306—Pesticides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/308—Dyes; Colorants; Fluorescent agents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to resource regeneration and environmental technology field, a kind of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens garbage is biological adsorption agent of raw material making and its production and use.The garbage of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens of the present invention is raw material, and drying is prepared after pulverizing；The garbage of described Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens include the solid residue after Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens rhizome extracts active ingredients and or Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens rhizome produce discarded stem and leaf.Above-mentioned two parts dry respectively, pulverize after directly apply, or use alkaline reagent or citric acid (sodium, potassium) to recycle after being chemically modified.Use the biological adsorption agent prepared of the present invention can the heavy metal ion such as the organic dyestuff in adsorption removal sewage and lead bronze effectively.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to resource regeneration and environmental technology field, be specifically related to a kind of utilize plant refuse resource to prepare
Biological adsorption agent and preparation method thereof and the application in waste water control.
Technical background
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens is that extensive cultivated drug eats dual-purpose plant, and its rhizome is usually used in food, flavoring agent, spice and Chinese medicine, tool
Have stomach invigorating, help digestion, fragrance wake up the effect such as key, dispersing wind-cold, warming the interior is supporing yang, preventing or arresting vomiting cough-relieving, food, medicine, cosmetics utilize
It is widely used.Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens rhizome produces the tens million of ton of sales volume per year, produces a large amount of garbage therewith, mainly includes two parts: one
It it is non-edible medicinal ground stem and leaf；Two is the solid residue after effective components of ginger extracts, and total amount reaches millions of tons.These give up
Gurry fails effectively to utilize always, on the one hand causes the significant wastage of resource, on the other hand causes environmental pollution, affects the mankind and is good for
Health.It is the most urgent problem needing to solve to effectively utilizing of these waste materials.
The solid that the present invention utilizes Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens to discard after producing discarded ground stem and leaf, and edible/medicinal ingredient extraction is residual
Slag, a kind of biological adsorption agent of preparation, for the purified treatment of polluted-water.
Water pollution, as haze, is the focus ecological deterioration problem of current whole society common concern.Water pollution master
Derive from various industrial wastewater and town domestic sewage discharge, and agriculturally chemical fertilizer, pesticide, the excessive of antibiotic use,
The widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area caused.Pollutant mainly include various dyestuff, pigment, heavy metal, aromatic hydrocarbon, antibiotic etc., to water body
Biology, health and ecological environment have serious harm.Traditional sewage disposal purification method mainly have flocculation, membrane filtration,
The destructing of electrocoagulation, electrochemistry, ozonisation, resin absorption, activated carbon adsorption etc., wherein the latter two are most widely used general.But, these
The usual treatment effeciency of traditional wastewater administering method is low, cost intensive, and its actual application is very limited.Find convenient, honest and clean
The adsorbent of valency is the most domestic and international question of common concern, and wherein biological adsorption agent is a kind of the most potential method.
Described biological adsorption agent, generally refers to inactivation or abiotic biosolids material (biomass), such as tree
Skin, fallen leaves, peel, straw etc., that be prepared from, can combine from solution, adsorb pollutant, reach the new of purifying water body purpose
Type adsorbing material.Its process is generally independent of metabolism picked-up, but by the physics of the special groups of biological surface mediation or
Chemisorbed realizes.Relative to the conventional adsorbent such as activated carbon, adsorbent resin, biological adsorption agent has that raw material sources are wide, preparation
Method is easy, production cost is low, environmental friendliness, and adsorbance is big, and using effect waits well significant advantage, deep by domestic in recent years
Outer extensive concern.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of raw material sources biological adsorption agent extensive, with low cost and preparation method thereof
And purposes.
The present invention provide biological adsorption agent, be with medicine eat dual-purpose plant--the garbage of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens as raw material, drying powder
It is prepared after broken；The garbage of described Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens includes: the solid residue after Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens rhizome extracts active ingredients, and/or
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens rhizome produces discarded stem and leaf etc..
The biological adsorption agent of the present invention, can be used for the pollutant in adsorbed water body, such as dyestuff, color in absorption polluted-water
Element, heavy metal, pesticide, antibiotic etc., purifying water body.
The preparation method of the biological adsorption agent that the present invention provides, specifically comprises the following steps that
The garbage of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (is included that the solid residue after Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens rhizome extracts active ingredients and/or Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens rhizome produce discarded
Stem and leaf etc.) dry or by oven for drying, then use high speed disintegrator that residue breaks into powder, cross 10-100 mesh standard sieve,
Preferably cross 60 mesh sieves, obtain the particle diameter powder less than 300 μm, be required biological adsorption agent.
In order to improve the above-mentioned biological adsorption agent absorption property to pollutant, can further it be repaiied with alkaline reagent
Decorations.
Described alkaline reagent be selected from sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate,
Or calcium hydroxide (quick lime).
Its method of modifying is: the concentration of alkaline reagent is 0.1-1 molar concentration (M, mol/L), preferably 1 molar concentration
(1M).By above-mentioned biological adsorption agent and alkaline reagent in the ratio of 1:5-100 (kilogram/liter) mix, preferably public than 10(by 1
Jin/liter) ratio mixing.It is sufficiently mixed stir process 2-12 hour (preferably stir process 4-6 hour).Filter off alkali liquor, use pure
Water purification cleans for several times, to eluent pH value nearly 7.0.Being dried by adsorbent or oven for drying, the Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens i.e. obtaining alkalescence modification is solid
Body residue or stem and leaf biological adsorption agent.
In order to improve the above-mentioned biological adsorption agent absorption property to pollutant, it is possible to further it is carried out with acid reagent
Modify.
Described acid reagent includes, citric acid, sodium citrate or potassium citrate.
Its method of modifying is: through the biological adsorption agent powder of alkaline reagent activation, continues by 0.1-10 molar concentration (preferably
Be 1 molar concentration) acid reagent modify, biological adsorption agent powder and the acid ratio modifying reagent are 1 more public than 5-100(
Jin/liter), it is preferably in a proportion of 1 ratio 10(kilogram/liter).(preferably mix and blend processes 4-6 to be sufficiently mixed stir process 2-12 hour
Hour)；Filter off and modify reagent, use pure water to clean for several times, to eluent pH value nearly 7.0；Adsorbent is dried or baking oven dries
Dry, i.e. obtain Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue or stem and leaf biological adsorption agent that acid reagent is modified.
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens of the present invention, for perennial zingiberaceous plant Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (ZingiberofficinaleRoscoe.).The whole nation
Cultivation, commodity Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens major production areas is had to include the ground such as Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Guizhou.Local cultivar is many
Many.Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens cultivation typically utilizes Propagation of Rhizomes, autumn and winter in the first year to store sth. in a cellar after gathering and reserves seed for planting, and cultivates, the same year after Second Year germination in spring
Autumn and winter gather rhizome, fresh-market or dry storage, due to food or medical material.Go up stem and leaf the most in large quantities then to go out of use.
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens excavate after rhizome, after drying, be cut into the decoction pieces of 0.3 to 1.0 centimetre, supply medicine or food products market.
Wherein great majority enter food or pharmacy corporation, through vapor distillation, and carbon dioxide abstraction, or with aquiferous ethanol (ethanol content
After 10-95%) extracting, leave a large amount of solid residue.These residues have become enterprise and the significant burden of society, cause environment dirty
Dye and the wasting of resources.
The present invention is utilized respectively cultivation Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens and produces the ground stem and leaf gone out of use, and Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens rhizome is looked forward to through pharmacy or food
The solid residue gone out of use after industry extract component, is prepared as biological adsorption agent, makes a silk purse out of a sow's ear, and can reduce again environmental pollution.Biological
Adsorbent is the adsorption removal such as dyestuff, pigment, heavy metal, pesticide, antibiotic, purifying water body in the polluted-water, leads in environmental protection
Territory tool has been widely used.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is infrared spectrogram before and after methylene blue adsorption number.
Fig. 2 is electron micrograph before and after methylene blue adsorption number, wherein, a: before absorption；B: after absorption.
Fig. 3 is the influence factor of methylene blue adsorption number activity, wherein, a: adsorbent particle diameter, b, c: pH value of solution, d: initial
Solution concentration, f: adsorbent amount, g: chemical modification.
Fig. 4 is infrared spectrum change before and after heavy metal adsorption.
Fig. 5 be heavy metal ion adsorbed before (a) (b) electron micrograph afterwards.
Fig. 6 is the adsorbent absorbability to different heavy metal ion.
Fig. 7 is that adsorbent is to lead, the adsorption dynamics of copper ion.
Fig. 8 is the adsorbent absorbability to MBD.
Fig. 9 is the absorbability of ABSORBENTS ABSORPTION metal.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate present invention being embodied as example below.
Embodiment 1: utilize biological adsorption agent prepared by Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue and to aqueous solution Methylene Blue dyestuff
Adsorption removal effect.
1. experiment material:
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens pharmaceutical decocting piece (thick 0.3-1.0 centimetre) is purchased from Lei Yunshang pharmacy, Shanghai City；Methylene blue dye is purchased from traditional Chinese medicines group
Chemical reagent company limited, other are domestic analytical reagent.
2. experimental technique:
The preparation of 2.1 adsorbents:
Take Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens pharmaceutical decocting piece 200 grams, with 1000 milliliter of 70% ethanol ultrasonic extraction 2 times, filter, obtain Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens medical material solid residual
Slag.Residue is placed in 60 DEG C of air dry ovens to being completely dried (anhydrous and ethanol residual).Pulverize, cross 60 mesh (300 μm) mark
Quasi-sieve, obtains two parts of the residue powder that particle diameter is more than and is less than 300 μm, is respectively labeled as original Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue adsorbent (ZO)
With bulky grain Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue adsorbent (LZO), it is positioned in exsiccator stand-by.
Take original Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue adsorbent (ZO) with the ratio of 1g:10ml respectively with four kinds of chemical modifier (1M salt
Acid, 1M sodium hydroxide, 1M sodium carbonate, 98% concentrated sulphuric acid) mixing, 150rpm oscillation treatment 4h(1M hydrochloric acid, 1M hydroxide under room temperature
Sodium, 1M sodium carbonate) or 24h(concentrated sulphuric acid).After chemical modification, use deionized water cleaning residue to cleaning mixture pH close to 7, be placed in
60 DEG C of air dry ovens are dried, and are respectively labeled as HCl treatment Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue adsorbent (HAZO), dense sulfuric acid treatment Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
Solid residue adsorbent (SAZO), naoh treatment Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue adsorbent (SHZO) and sodium carbonate process Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid
Residue adsorbent (SCZO), is positioned in exsiccator stand-by.
Citric acid modification group reference literature method, presses the ratio of 1g:10ml by the Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue of NaOH pretreatment
Example and 0.6M(mol/L, molar concentration) citric acid mixing, stir process 30 minutes under room temperature；Suspension is filtered, retains filter
Slag, after 50 DEG C of air dry ovens are dried, 120 DEG C of heat treated 9 minutes；It is residual to the citric acid without dissociating that distilled water cleans powder
Staying, being placed in 60 DEG C of air dry ovens and drying postscript is CAZO.
2.2 adsorbent appearance features measure
Infrared spectrum analysis before and after Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue absorption methylene blue is red by Nicolet Nexus 470 Fourier transform
Outside line spectroanalysis instrument (Thermo Fisher, USA) is measured；The shooting of surface microscopic scnning micrograph is sent out by S4800 field
Penetrate scanning electron microscope (Hitachi, Japan) to measure；The specific surface area of granule and micropore volume measure by Tristar
The 3020 full-automatic specific surface areas of high performance multi-channel and lacunarity analysis instrument (Micromeritics, USA) measure.
2.3. methylene blue concentration measures and the calculating of absorbability
Take methylene blue diluent, use ultraviolet/visible light spectrophotometer to carry out wavelength 400-800nm) between absorbance sweep
Retouch, be optimum absorb wavelength at the unimodal maximum of light absorption value；Under the conditions of this optimum absorb wavelength, carry out solution concentration and extinction
Quantitative analysis between degree, obtains the standard curve that methylene blue concentration measures, and uses this optimal absorption in subsequent experimental
Wavelength carries out the mensuration of methylene blue solution concentration.
The clearance rate of methylene blue is by formula
It is calculated, wherein C0(mg/L) it is methylene blue initial concentration, Ct(mg/L) when being t, methylene blue i.e.
Time concentration；
Absorbability (q) is by formula
Being calculated, wherein V (L) is liquor capacity, and m (g) is the dosage of adsorbent.
2.4. model analysis:
Kinetic model uses pseudo-two grades of equations, and the linear forms of the equation are:
Wherein K2It is the speed constant of pseudo-two grades of equations, is directly proportional to the rate of adsorption.
Isothermal Model uses Langmuir Isothermal Model, and its linear forms are:
WillWithMapping, carries out linear regression analysis, passes through interceptAnd slope, calculate maximum adsorption
AmountWith absorption constant K.
3, experimental result
3.1 dye adsorption front and back appearance features and adsorption mechanisms:
Before and after Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue absorption methylene blue, infrared spectrum is as shown in Figure 1, shows that Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue rich surface contains
The functional groups such as O-H, N-H, C=O, C-H, these tool groups there occurs significant change before and after absorption, and pointing out this is that Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid is residual
The functional group of slag absorbing dye.
Before and after methylene blue adsorption number, the scanning electron microscope image of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue adsorbent is as shown in Figure 2.Before absorption, raw
The surface of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue adsorbent is the most coarse, and substantial amounts of micropore is distributed, and has bigger surface area.And after adsorbing, inhale
Attached dose of smooth surface is smooth, almost without microcellular structure.
Single point method and BET method is used to measure Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue absorbent powder (particle diameter < 300 μm) and granule
The specific surface area of (particle diameter > 300 μm), result is as shown in table 1.1.The specific surface area of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens absorbent particles and pore volume cannot be led to
Cross Instrument measuring, illustrate that its specific surface area is too small and is distributed almost without surface micropore.And the specific surface area of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens absorbent powder
Relatively large with void content, specific area measuring result is respectively 1.6726m2/ g and 1.5555 m2/g；And the hole of correspondence
Volume and aperture are 0.016984 cm3/ g and 43.6751 nm.
Table 1.1: Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens adsorbent ZO, LZO specific surface area and pore volume measurement result
。
The 2.2 different factor impacts on absorbability
Experimental analysis adsorbent particle diameter (a), pH value of solution (b, c), initial soln concentration (d), adsorbent amount (f) and chemistry
Modify (g) impact on adsorption effect, as shown in Figure 3.Result shows that optimum adsorption conditions is: small particle (< 300 μm), pH
7.0；Low initial concentration (0.2g/L) and heavy dose (25 mg/L).Chemical modification is inconspicuous to the time dynamic difference of absorption.
2.3 model analysis
Above-mentioned experimental result, respectively applied dynamics model and Isothermal Model analysis, result is as shown in table 1.2.Pseudo-second motive force
Learning equation the highest with experimental result degree of fitting, simulation and forecast value is nearest with measured value.Calculate according to Langmuir Isothermal Model
The original solid residue of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (ZO) is 256.41 milligrams per gram to the maximum adsorption power of methylene blue dye；Citric acid (CAZO), hydrogen
The maximum adsorption power that sodium oxide (SHZO) and sodium carbonate (SCZO) are modified is respectively as follows: 263.16,81.30 and 72.46 milligrams per gram.
The model analysis that form 1.2. is original and chemical modification Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue adsorbent is to methylene blue adsorption number
* milligrams per gram.
Embodiment 2: utilize Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens to discard biological adsorption agent prepared by stem and leaf and clear to the absorption of heavy metal in aqueous solution
Except effect.
1. experiment material:
The aerial parts stem and leaf that Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens goes out of use after gathering, adopts in In Jixi County of Anhui Proyince ginger cultivation peasant household.Dry standby.
2. experimental technique:
2.1. the preparation of adsorbent: take Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens stem and leaf 200 grams on the ground, to being completely dried in 60 DEG C of air dry ovens.Cross 60 mesh
(300 μm) standard screen, obtains two parts of the residue powder that particle diameter is more than and is less than 300 μm, is respectively labeled as original Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue
Adsorbent (ZO) and bulky grain Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue adsorbent (LZO), be positioned in exsiccator stand-by.
The chemical modification method of adsorbent such as embodiment 1, obtains original Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens adsorbent (ZO), hydrochloric acid modifies (HAZO), dense
Sulphuric acid modifies (SAZO), sodium hydroxide modifies (SHZO), sodium carbonate modifies (SCZO) and citric acid modification (CAZO) totally six kinds of suctions
Attached dose.
2.2 reagent are prepared with standard solution:
Analytical pure copper sulfate pentahydrate, potassium dichromate, plumbi nitras is purchased from Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Group；Analytical pure four water
Closing cadmium nitrate, Chromium nitrate (Cr(NO3)3),nonahydrate is purchased from Aladdin biochemical technology limited company.
1g/L copper ion stock solution: precision weighs copper sulfate pentahydrate 3.9289g, after dissolving with a small amount of dilute sulfuric acid, transfer
To 1000ml volumetric flask, it is settled to scale with deionized water.
1g/L lead ion stock solution: precision weighs plumbi nitras 1.5985g, after a small amount of dilute nitric acid dissolution, is transferred to
In 1000ml volumetric flask, it is settled to scale with deionized water.
1g/L cadmium ion stock solution: precision weighs four nitric hydrate cadmium 2.7444g, after a small amount of dilute nitric acid dissolution, transfer
To 1000ml volumetric flask, it is settled to scale with deionized water.
1g/L trivalent chromic ion stock solution: precision weighs Chromium nitrate (Cr(NO3)3),nonahydrate 7.6958g, after a small amount of dilute nitric acid dissolution,
It is transferred in 1000ml volumetric flask, is settled to scale with deionized water.
1g/L hexavalent chromium stock solution: precision weighs potassium dichromate 2.8292g, after dissolving with a small amount of dilute sulfuric acid, transfer
To 1000Mml volumetric flask, it is settled to scale with deionized water.
2.3 heavy metal concentrations mensuration and clearance rate (R%) and absorption affinity (q) calculate:
The concentration of heavy metal ion use Optima 8000 type inductive coupling plasma emission spectrograph (Perkin Elmer,
USA) it is measured.
The clearance rate of heavy metal ion is calculated by below equation:
Wherein C0(mg/L) it is heavy metal ion initial concentration, Ct(mg/L) when being t, heavy metal ion the denseest
Degree；
Absorbability (q) is by formula
Being calculated, wherein V (L) is liquor capacity, and m (g) is the dosage of adsorbent.
2.4. other:
Adsorbent appearance features measures and Adsorption Model is analyzed such as above-described embodiment 1.
3. experimental result
3.1 appearance features and adsorption mechanism
Infrared spectrum before and after Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens stem and leaf adsorbent heavy metal as shown in Figure 4, shows Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens stem and leaf adsorbent surface
Rich in functional groups such as O-H, N-H, C=O, C-H, these specifically there occurs significant change before and after absorption, and pointing out this is that Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens is solid
The functional group of body residue absorbing dye.
Before and after heavy metal adsorption, the scanning electron microscope image of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens stem and leaf adsorbent is as shown in Figure 5.Before absorption, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid
The surface of residue adsorbent is the most coarse, and substantial amounts of micropore is distributed, and has bigger surface area.And after adsorbing, adsorbent table
Face is smooth, almost without microcellular structure.
The absorbability of 3.2 pairs of different heavy metals
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens stem and leaf adsorbent is to lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), trivalent chromium (Cr3+) and Cr VI (Cr6+) absorbability
See accompanying drawing 6.Result shows that the absorbability to lead is the strongest.Accompanying drawing 7 shows that adsorption process is the rapidest, thereafter in initial 30 minutes
Tend to balance.
3.3 model analysis
Above-mentioned experimental result, respectively applied dynamics model and Isothermal Model analysis, result is as shown in table 2.1.Pseudo-second motive force
Learning equation the highest with experimental result degree of fitting, simulation and forecast value is nearest with measured value.Calculate according to Langmuir Isothermal Model
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens stem and leaf adsorbent (ZO) heavy metal ion maximum adsorption power (qmax) it is: lead ion (Pt2+) 48.36 milligrams per gram；Copper from
Son (Cu2+) 44.23 milligrams per gram；Cadmium ion (Cd2+) 15.19 milligrams per gram；Trivalent chromium (Cr3+) 12.29 milligrams per gram；Cr VI
(Cr6+) 4.49 milligrams per gram.
Table 2.1. Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens stem and leaf ABSORBENTS ABSORPTION adsorption of metal ions action model is analyzed
* unit: milligrams per gram.
Claims (5)
1. a biological adsorption agent, it is characterised in that eat dual-purpose plant with medicine--the garbage of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens is as raw material, and drying is pulverized
After be prepared；The garbage of described Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens includes: the solid residue after Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens rhizome extracts active ingredients, and/or raw
Race stem produces discarded stem and leaf.
2. the preparation method of biological adsorption agent as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that specifically comprise the following steps that
The garbage of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens is included what the solid residue after Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens rhizome extracts active ingredients and/or the production of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens rhizome were discarded
Stem and leaf, dries or by oven for drying, then uses high speed disintegrator to be broken into powder, cross 10-100 mesh standard sieve, obtain grain
Footpath, less than the powder of 300 μm, is required biological adsorption agent.
The preparation method of biological adsorption agent the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that further it is used alkaline reagent
Modifying, described alkaline reagent is selected from sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or bicarbonate
Potassium, or calcium hydroxide；
Method of modifying is: by alkaline reagent that above-mentioned biological adsorption agent and molar concentration are 0.1-1 by 1:5-100 (kilogram/
Rise) ratio mixing, stir process 2-12 hour, filter off alkali liquor, use pure water clean for several times, to eluent pH value nearly 7.0；
Adsorbent is dried or oven for drying, i.e. obtain Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue or the stem and leaf biological adsorption agent of alkalescence modification.
The preparation method of biological adsorption agent the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that further it is used acid reagent
Modify；Described acid reagent includes, citric acid, sodium citrate or potassium citrate；
Method of modifying is: to the biological adsorption agent powder activated through alkaline reagent, repair with the acid reagent of 0.1-10 molar concentration
Decorations, biological adsorption agent powder and the acid ratio modifying reagent are 1 ratio 5-100(kilogram/liter), it is sufficiently mixed stir process 2-12
Hour；Filter off and modify reagent, use pure water to clean for several times, to eluent pH value nearly 7.0；Adsorbent is dried or baking oven dries
Dry, i.e. obtain Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens solid residue or stem and leaf biological adsorption agent that acid reagent is modified.
5. the purposes of pollutant in adsorbed water body of the biological adsorption agent described in claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
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