CN106070365A - 一种水稻抗虫害肥料添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种水稻抗虫害肥料添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106070365A
CN106070365A CN201610476113.8A CN201610476113A CN106070365A CN 106070365 A CN106070365 A CN 106070365A CN 201610476113 A CN201610476113 A CN 201610476113A CN 106070365 A CN106070365 A CN 106070365A
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water
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曹卫东
曹春燕
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Wangjiang East Industry LLC
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
    • A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
    • A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
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    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group, wherein Cn means a carbon skeleton not containing a ring; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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    • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants

Abstract

本发明公开了一种水稻抗虫害肥料添加剂及其制备方法，由以下重量份的原料制成：丙烯酸、淀粉、N,N'－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、矮壮素、苏打粉、蓖麻油、木质素磺酸钠、农用稀土、钾矿石、胺鲜酯DA‑6、3~6%稀盐酸、多效唑、柠檬酸钠、复硝酚钠、植物源原料和适量的水；发明是一种粉剂型的水稻肥料添加剂，粉剂中还具有矿质石粉微粒，对矿质石粉进行高温热裂解，使其中的化合态元素转化为游离态，再在盐酸中浸泡，得到天然的微量元素和大量元素成分，加入一定的蓖麻油和表面活性剂，乳化发散，以丙烯酸为原料的树脂，其吸水性能更好，有效保持田间水量，不至于太干，有利于水稻田多次充水和排水。

Description

一种水稻抗虫害肥料添加剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于肥料的工艺技术领域，具体涉及到一种水稻抗虫害肥料添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
在自然界中，由植物合成和释放的低分子量次生代谢物已知的就超过10万种，其中的挥发性物质就占很大比例，而且大多具有一定的“气味”。这类物质作为一种行为暗示的化学信号在植物之间以及植物与昆虫之间起着非常重要的作用，通过化学农药的防治病虫害不仅破坏环境、浪费资源，最主要还会提高作物害虫的抗药性和严重的农药残留问题，影响人体健康同时害虫的治理变得越来越困难。
植株的挥发性物质属于植物的次生代谢产物，一般从叶表面进行散发，起到趋避害虫的作用，主要来源于植物的脂肪酸、氨基酸和类苯丙烷的代谢，通过叶绿体上的一系列酶促反应完成，向大气中释放，可分为4类：异戊二烯、单萜烯、其它活性和次活性物质，包括烷烃类、醇类、酯类、碳酰类和酸类，他们组成脂肪酸类衍生物、芳香族化合物、单萜和倍半萜化合物，具有很好的抗菌和抗虫活性，可直接应用于病虫害的生物防治。
生物制剂防止的优点在于：对一般的病虫起到趋避作用，不是绞杀，不破坏原有的生物链，所以病虫类不会产生抗性，对有益生物也是一种保护，很多生物同时这种植物源的植物活性物质属于天然提取植物类的活性物质，不具有毒性，对人体没有副作用，在土壤中缓慢挥发，起到预防的作用，一段时间以后就会完全消失，使种植的农产品，品质更好、更健康。使用方便，只要和肥料或作为肥料的添加成分一起加入土壤即可，害虫的幼虫一般都是滋生于土壤中，直接作用土壤是最好的防护。
发明内容
本发明为了在提高作物养分的同时起到一定的病虫害防治效果，发明一种具有趋避虫害作用肥料添加剂，具体是通过以下方式实现的：
一种水稻抗虫害肥料添加剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：丙烯酸20~30、淀粉5~8、N,N'－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.1~0.3、矮壮素0.5~1.0、苏打粉0.5~0.8、蓖麻油2~4、木质素磺酸钠0.2~0.4、农用稀土6~8、钾矿石6~10、胺鲜酯DA-6 0.3~0.5、3~6%稀盐酸20~25、多效唑1~3、柠檬酸钠5~10、复硝酚钠8~12、植物源原料30~40和适量的水；
所述的植物源原料是以重量（份）为单位混合新鲜的番茄叶3~6、夹竹桃6~10、香樟叶8~12、皂荚4~6、五角枫2~5、油松10~15、臭椿10~14和银杏叶7~12，初步粉碎后0~5℃冷藏备用。
一种水稻抗虫害肥料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下几个步骤：
（1）将植物源原料研磨40~60min成均匀的浆料，超声破碎制得浆液，按料水比1:2~3加入蒸馏水稀释，采用水蒸气回流提取2~3h得富含提取液的水溶液；
（2）将钾矿石进行初步粉碎，然后混合农用稀土放入高温热解炉800~1000℃进行密闭热处理1.5~2.0h，完成后粉碎过40~60目筛，加入到3~6%稀盐酸的稀盐酸中，搅拌10~15min；
（3）混合矮壮素、蓖麻油及其它以下未涉及的剩余成分，加入至（2）所述的溶液，搅拌混匀，起泡发散，加热浓缩并混合（1）所述的水溶液，搅拌混合；
（4）最后将淀粉加入至（3）所述的混合液中，水浴条件下升温75~85℃搅拌至淀粉糊化，冷却至室温后依次加入丙烯酸和N,N'－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺，搅拌5~10min在60~70℃水浴中反应1.5~2h，完成后在70~80℃下干燥，最后研磨成粉剂即可。
发明选取的材料有夹竹桃，其叶含有欧夹竹桃甙C等强心甙类物质，毒性大，可杀虫；香樟叶，植株含有樟脑、单萜和倍半单萜类物质，具有驱虫麻痹作用；银杏，植株含莽草酸、白果双黄酮、甾醇类物质，有毒性，具有驱虫杀虫作用；番茄，含有多种黄酮类物质和生物碱类的番茄甙等，能引起昆虫忌避、拒食和中毒现象；其它的树类叶片有此同样效果的还有皂荚、五角枫、油松、臭椿；
发明将番茄液作为原料，采用蒸馏水提法得到番茄叶片中的水溶性粗提液，混合氯氰菊酯作用于甜瓜植株上，研究提取物对于蚜虫的抗性效果，利用EPG仪器测试蚜虫的取食，将蚜虫及其取食的植物接入同一电路，蚜虫的口针作为电极，当口针刺穿植物时形成回路，就会有相应的显示，以此了解蚜虫的取食状况，试验记录了1~10h之间蚜虫的取食情况，发现随时间的推移，一开始蚜虫很少或是几乎没有对甜瓜的叶片造成损伤，随时间的推移，甜瓜的叶片渐渐受到危害，表明：番茄的粗提物可以预防蚜虫的危害、粗提液驱虫效果表现在拒食性上、这种活性物质属于一种挥发性的物质。
发明为了提高植物提取物的作用时间和作用效果应用于实际，必须确保储藏这种挥发性活性物质属于一种缓慢降解的物质，同时由于种植地干燥，迅速失水也很有可能导致挥发性物质失效或者散发过快，起不到长时间保护的效果，面对以上问题发明将挥发性提取液与树脂相结合，采用丙烯酸树脂，它是一种高吸水性的树脂，同时它是以C-C连接的高分子聚合物，可被土壤中的葡萄球菌、链球菌等微生物降解利用，可以缓慢释放挥发性抗虫物质，大大延长保护效果。
本发明的有益效果：发明是一种粉剂型的水稻肥料添加剂，粉剂中还具有矿质石粉微粒，对矿质石粉进行高温热裂解，使其中的化合态元素转化为游离态，再在盐酸中浸泡，得到天然的微量元素和大量元素成分，加入一定的蓖麻油和表面活性剂，乳化发散，以丙烯酸为原料的树脂，其吸水性能更好，有效保持田间水量，不至于太干，有利于水稻田多次充水和排水。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种水稻抗虫害肥料添加剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份（Kg）的原料制成：丙烯酸25、淀粉7、N,N'－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.2、矮壮素0.8、苏打粉0.7、蓖麻油3、木质素磺酸钠0.2、农用稀土7、钾矿石8、胺鲜酯DA-6 0.4、3~6%稀盐酸22、多效唑2、柠檬酸钠8、复硝酚钠10、植物源原料36和适量的水；
所述的植物源原料是以重量（Kg）为单位混合新鲜的番茄叶5、夹竹桃8、香樟叶9、皂荚5、五角枫4、油松12、臭椿13和银杏叶10，初步粉碎后0~5℃冷藏备用。
一种水稻抗虫害肥料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下几个步骤：
（1）将植物源原料研磨40~60min成均匀的浆料，超声破碎制得浆液，按料水比1:2~3加入蒸馏水稀释，采用水蒸气回流提取2~3h得富含提取液的水溶液；
（2）将钾矿石进行初步粉碎，然后混合农用稀土放入高温热解炉800~1000℃进行密闭热处理1.5~2.0h，完成后粉碎过40~60目筛，加入到3~6%稀盐酸的稀盐酸中，搅拌10~15min；
（3）混合矮壮素、蓖麻油及其它以下未涉及的剩余成分，加入至（2）所述的溶液，搅拌混匀，起泡发散，加热浓缩并混合（1）所述的水溶液，搅拌混合；
（4）最后将淀粉加入至（3）所述的混合液中，水浴条件下升温75~85℃搅拌至淀粉糊化，冷却至室温后依次加入丙烯酸和N,N'－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺，搅拌5~10min在60~70℃水浴中反应1.5~2h，完成后在70~80℃下干燥，最后研磨成粉剂即可。
选用5亩水稻田作为试验，在施用肥料的时候将本发明的肥料添加剂与水稻复合肥1:10的比例混合后使用，对照组的5亩水稻田复合肥不添加任何成分，结果显示：试验组的水稻田在长势和抗虫害等方面都要强于对照组，农药使用量减少，水稻中的农药残留量更低，水稻田的保水性能更好，减少人工量的投入。

Claims (2)

1.一种水稻抗虫害肥料添加剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：丙烯酸20~30、淀粉5~8、N,N'－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.1~0.3、矮壮素0.5~1.0、苏打粉0.5~0.8、蓖麻油2~4、木质素磺酸钠0.2~0.4、农用稀土6~8、钾矿石6~10、胺鲜酯DA-6 0.3~0.5、3~6%稀盐酸20~25、多效唑1~3、柠檬酸钠5~10、复硝酚钠8~12、植物源原料30~40和适量的水；
所述的植物源原料是以重量（份）为单位混合新鲜的番茄叶3~6、夹竹桃6~10、香樟叶8~12、皂荚4~6、五角枫2~5、油松10~15、臭椿10~14和银杏叶7~12，初步粉碎后0~5℃冷藏备用。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种水稻抗虫害肥料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下几个步骤：
（1）将植物源原料研磨40~60min成均匀的浆料，超声破碎制得浆液，按料水比1:2~3加入蒸馏水稀释，采用水蒸气回流提取2~3h得富含提取液的水溶液；
（2）将钾矿石进行初步粉碎，然后混合农用稀土放入高温热解炉800~1000℃进行密闭热处理1.5~2.0h，完成后粉碎过40~60目筛，加入到3~6%稀盐酸的稀盐酸中，搅拌10~15min；
（3）混合矮壮素、蓖麻油及其它以下未涉及的剩余成分，加入至（2）所述的溶液，搅拌混匀，起泡发散，加热浓缩并混合（1）所述的水溶液，搅拌混合；
（4）最后将淀粉加入至（3）所述的混合液中，水浴条件下升温75~85℃搅拌至淀粉糊化，冷却至室温后依次加入丙烯酸和N,N'－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺，搅拌5~10min在60~70℃水浴中反应1.5~2h，完成后在70~80℃下干燥，最后研磨成粉剂即可。
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CN106577230A (zh) * 2016-12-12 2017-04-26 蚌埠市亿丰生物有机肥有限公司 一种富含纤维素酶抗虫害种植基质及其制备方法
CN107628887A (zh) * 2017-11-07 2018-01-26 宿松县东全种养专业合作社 一种水稻肥料专用添加剂及其制备方法

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CN106577230A (zh) * 2016-12-12 2017-04-26 蚌埠市亿丰生物有机肥有限公司 一种富含纤维素酶抗虫害种植基质及其制备方法
CN107628887A (zh) * 2017-11-07 2018-01-26 宿松县东全种养专业合作社 一种水稻肥料专用添加剂及其制备方法

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