CN106069523A - 一种石榴去硬核的培育方法 - Google Patents

一种石榴去硬核的培育方法 Download PDF

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CN106069523A
CN106069523A CN201610491860.9A CN201610491860A CN106069523A CN 106069523 A CN106069523 A CN 106069523A CN 201610491860 A CN201610491860 A CN 201610491860A CN 106069523 A CN106069523 A CN 106069523A
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郝玉梅
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Guzhen County Original Family Farm
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种石榴去硬核的培育方法，包括如下步骤：（1）疏花处理、（2）处理液制备、（3）花果处理。本发明方法简单，科学合理，符合石榴生长发育的规律，各工艺参数较为明确，对种植户而言具有更为现实的指导意义，适合大规模推广，最终培育的石榴无核率稳定在75%以上，软籽率稳定在15%以上，与现有的石榴无核处理方法相比，其糖度提升了15~23%，座果率提高了15~20%，单果重增加了18~25%，残留物降低了2~3倍，完全符合国家有机生态的标准，可溶性固形物含量相比普通有核石榴还提高了8~12%，具有极强的市场竞争力。

Description

一种石榴去硬核的培育方法
技术领域
本发明属于种植领域，具体涉及一种石榴去硬核的培育方法。
背景技术
石榴性味甘、酸涩、温，具有杀虫、收敛、涩肠、止痢等功效。石榴果实营养丰富，维生素C含量比苹果、梨要高出一二倍。中国栽培石榴的历史，可上溯至汉代，据陆巩记载是张骞从西域引入。中国南北都有栽培，以安徽、江苏、河南等地种植面积较大，并培育出一些较优质的品种。其中安徽怀远县是中国石榴之乡，“怀远石榴”为国家地理标志保护产品。
由于石榴里面有石榴硬籽，即果肉中的籽核，入口口感不好，吞食后不太容易消化，而且如果不喜欢吃石榴硬籽还要吐出来，比较费事、麻烦，人们不断尝试探索软化甚至去除石榴硬核的种植方法。现在对于水果等作物进行无核化处理较为成熟的方式是采用赤霉素等植物激素来实现。现有技术中通常使用一种或两种植物激素进行处理，虽然能一定程度上提升果实的无核率，但仍达不到理想的程度，且不同的激素间通常会产生促进或抑制效果，配比稍微不当即会产生相反的效果，此问题也是限制本领域人员进行优化的最大障碍，此外，还普遍存在着果实可溶性固形物含量、座果率以及单果重明显下降，激素残留物过多的现象，影响了果实的综合竞争力。因此，探寻一种优质、高效的石榴去硬核培育方法是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题之一。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种石榴去硬核的培育方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种石榴去硬核的培育方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）疏花处理：在石榴树开花前1~2天进行疏花处理，具体为保留新梢的单生花序，二花簇生的花穗去掉一弱花，三花簇生的去掉左右花，保留中央无柄花；
（2）处理液制备：
a．处理液A制备：按重量份称取下列物质：5份赤霉素、0.5份乙烯、0.6份苄氨基嘌呤、8份改性高岭土、2份硬脂酸钙、2份六偏磷酸钠、1×106份水，先将硬脂酸钙、六偏磷酸钠和水共混均匀，然后将赤霉素、乙烯和苄氨基嘌呤加入共混均匀，最后加入改性高岭土，以600~650转/min的转速搅拌均匀后，再均质25min即得处理液A；
b．处理液B制备：按重量份称取下列物质：7份赤霉素、0.6份多效唑、1份调吡脲、0.4份芸苔素内酯、10份改性高岭土、2份硬脂酸镁、2份六偏磷酸钠、1×106份水，先将硬脂酸镁、六偏磷酸钠和水共混均匀，然后将赤霉素、多效唑、调吡脲和芸苔素内酯加入共混均匀，最后加入改性高岭土，以650~700转/min的转速搅拌均匀后，再均质25min即得处理液B；
（3）花果处理：
a．在初花期4~6天后用上述处理液A对花穗进行一次喷洒操作，每株石榴喷洒处理液A的量为2.5~3kg，喷洒完成后用功率为400W的红外线灯对石榴花穗进行红外线照射处理，处理3~5min即可；
b．在初花期11~13天后用上述处理液B对花穗进行二次喷洒操作，每株石榴喷洒处理液B的量为3~3.5kg，喷洒完成后用功率为450W的红外线灯对石榴花穗进行红外线照射处理，处理4~6min即可。
进一步的，步骤（2）所述均质处理操作条件为：均质的压力为20MPa，均质的温度为40~45℃。
进一步的，步骤（2）所述改性高岭土的制备方法包括如下步骤：
（1）将高岭土放入质量分数为5%的食盐溶液中浸泡处理15min后取出，再放入质量分数为2.5%的盐酸溶液中浸泡10min，取出后用清水冲洗干净备用；
（2）将高岭土放入800~850℃的条件下煅烧1~1.2h后取出自然冷却至常温备用；
（3）将高岭土放入其总质量2~3倍的清水中，再加入高岭土质量5%阿拉伯胶、3%琥珀酸，不断搅拌均匀后，再干燥研磨粉碎过500目即得改性高岭土。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
（1）根据石榴开花后各阶段生理特性的不同，配制了两种不同的处理液A、B，两种处理液中使用的植物激素成分与配比有所差别，相比传统的一种或两种植物激素使用效果更好，其使用量降低了25~30%，减少了激素残留量；在处理液A、B中添加的改性高岭土等成分可提高植物激素的稳定性与有效率，残留的植物激素会被改性高岭土吸收，进一步降低了果实的激素残留量，提升了果实的质量和安全性。
（2）在对花穗喷洒处理液后施加的红外线处理，不仅能提升处理液中有效成分的作用效果和效率，同时又能影响花序分裂分化的进程，从物理作用的方式提高无核石榴的产生率，两者具有协同作用。
（3）本发明方法简单，科学合理，符合石榴生长发育的规律，各工艺参数较为明确，对种植户而言具有更为现实的指导意义，适合大规模推广，最终培育的石榴无核率稳定在75%以上，软籽率稳定在15%以上，与现有的石榴无核处理方法相比，其糖度提升了15~23%，座果率提高了15~20%，单果重增加了18~25%，残留物降低了2~3倍，完全符合国家有机生态的标准，可溶性固形物含量相比普通有核石榴还提高了8~12%，具有极强的市场竞争力。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种石榴去硬核的培育方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）疏花处理：在石榴树开花前1~2天进行疏花处理，具体为保留新梢的单生花序，二花簇生的花穗去掉一弱花，三花簇生的去掉左右花，保留中央无柄花；
（2）处理液制备：
a．处理液A制备：按重量份称取下列物质：5份赤霉素、0.5份乙烯、0.6份苄氨基嘌呤、8份改性高岭土、2份硬脂酸钙、2份六偏磷酸钠、1×106份水，先将硬脂酸钙、六偏磷酸钠和水共混均匀，然后将赤霉素、乙烯和苄氨基嘌呤加入共混均匀，最后加入改性高岭土，以600~650转/min的转速搅拌均匀后，再均质25min即得处理液A；
b．处理液B制备：按重量份称取下列物质：7份赤霉素、0.6份多效唑、1份调吡脲、0.4份芸苔素内酯、10份改性高岭土、2份硬脂酸镁、2份六偏磷酸钠、1×106份水，先将硬脂酸镁、六偏磷酸钠和水共混均匀，然后将赤霉素、多效唑、调吡脲和芸苔素内酯加入共混均匀，最后加入改性高岭土，以650~700转/min的转速搅拌均匀后，再均质25min即得处理液B；
（3）花果处理：
a．在初花期4~6天后用上述处理液A对花穗进行一次喷洒操作，每株石榴喷洒处理液A的量为2.5~3kg，喷洒完成后用功率为400W的红外线灯对石榴花穗进行红外线照射处理，处理3~5min即可；
b．在初花期11~13天后用上述处理液B对花穗进行二次喷洒操作，每株石榴喷洒处理液B的量为3~3.5kg，喷洒完成后用功率为450W的红外线灯对石榴花穗进行红外线照射处理，处理4~6min即可。
进一步的，步骤（2）所述均质处理操作条件为：均质的压力为20MPa，均质的温度为40~45℃。
进一步的，步骤（2）所述改性高岭土的制备方法包括如下步骤：
（1）将高岭土放入质量分数为5%的食盐溶液中浸泡处理15min后取出，再放入质量分数为2.5%的盐酸溶液中浸泡10min，取出后用清水冲洗干净备用；
（2）将高岭土放入800~850℃的条件下煅烧1~1.2h后取出自然冷却至常温备用；
（3）将高岭土放入其总质量2~3倍的清水中，再加入高岭土质量5%阿拉伯胶、3%琥珀酸，不断搅拌均匀后，再干燥研磨粉碎过500目即得改性高岭土。
对比实施例1
本对比实施例1与实施例1相比，在花果处理的两个阶段均不施加红外线处理，除此外的方法步骤均相同。
对照组1
现有的石榴无核处理方法。
对照组2
普通的石榴种植方法。
对上述四种方法育得的石榴进行检测，相应的对比数据如下：
实施例1 对比实施例1 对照组1 对照组2
无核率（%） 76.3 64.2 36.7 0.1
软籽率（%） 16.5 10.8 31.4 3.6
可溶性固形物含量（%） 15.9 13.1 10.2 14.5
可食率（%） 90.4 85.2 78.4 68.3

Claims (3)

1.一种石榴去硬核的培育方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）疏花处理：在石榴树开花前1~2天进行疏花处理，具体为保留新梢的单生花序，二花簇生的花穗去掉一弱花，三花簇生的去掉左右花，保留中央无柄花；
（2）处理液制备：
a．处理液A制备：按重量份称取下列物质：5份赤霉素、0.5份乙烯、0.6份苄氨基嘌呤、8份改性高岭土、2份硬脂酸钙、2份六偏磷酸钠、1×106份水，先将硬脂酸钙、六偏磷酸钠和水共混均匀，然后将赤霉素、乙烯和苄氨基嘌呤加入共混均匀，最后加入改性高岭土，以600~650转/min的转速搅拌均匀后，再均质25min即得处理液A；
b．处理液B制备：按重量份称取下列物质：7份赤霉素、0.6份多效唑、1份调吡脲、0.4份芸苔素内酯、10份改性高岭土、2份硬脂酸镁、2份六偏磷酸钠、1×106份水，先将硬脂酸镁、六偏磷酸钠和水共混均匀，然后将赤霉素、多效唑、调吡脲和芸苔素内酯加入共混均匀，最后加入改性高岭土，以650~700转/min的转速搅拌均匀后，再均质25min即得处理液B；
（3）花果处理：
a．在初花期4~6天后用上述处理液A对花穗进行一次喷洒操作，每株石榴喷洒处理液A的量为2.5~3kg，喷洒完成后用功率为400W的红外线灯对石榴花穗进行红外线照射处理，处理3~5min即可；
b．在初花期11~13天后用上述处理液B对花穗进行二次喷洒操作，每株石榴喷洒处理液B的量为3~3.5kg，喷洒完成后用功率为450W的红外线灯对石榴花穗进行红外线照射处理，处理4~6min即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种石榴去硬核的培育方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）所述均质处理操作条件为：均质的压力为20MPa，均质的温度为40~45℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种石榴去硬核的培育方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）所述改性高岭土的制备方法包括如下步骤：
（1）将高岭土放入质量分数为5%的食盐溶液中浸泡处理15min后取出，再放入质量分数为2.5%的盐酸溶液中浸泡10min，取出后用清水冲洗干净备用；
（2）将高岭土放入800~850℃的条件下煅烧1~1.2h后取出自然冷却至常温备用；
（3）将高岭土放入其总质量2~3倍的清水中，再加入高岭土质量5%阿拉伯胶、3%琥珀酸，不断搅拌均匀后，再干燥研磨粉碎过500目即得改性高岭土。
CN201610491860.9A 2016-06-29 2016-06-29 一种石榴去硬核的培育方法 Pending CN106069523A (zh)

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