CN106067557B - For controlling the method and fuel cell system of the work point transformation of fuel cell pack - Google Patents
For controlling the method and fuel cell system of the work point transformation of fuel cell pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN106067557B CN106067557B CN201610253359.9A CN201610253359A CN106067557B CN 106067557 B CN106067557 B CN 106067557B CN 201610253359 A CN201610253359 A CN 201610253359A CN 106067557 B CN106067557 B CN 106067557B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/0488—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04895—Current
- H01M8/0491—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04141—Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04149—Humidifying by diffusion, e.g. making use of membranes
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of for controlling the method and fuel cell system of the work point transformation of fuel cell pack, this method is used to control with anode working medium and with the work point transformation of the fuel cell pack (10) of cathode working media operation, and fuel cell pack (10) is controlled such that (the L1) generates the target power (L2) as required by electric loading (51) greater than initial power (L1) from initial electric power for it wherein.It is arranged to, corresponding to scheduled current -voltage curve (S1, S2, S3 the electrical power as caused by fuel cell pack (10)) is controlled, so that from initial voltage corresponding with initial power (L1) (the U1) undergoes local minimum voltage (U to voltage existing at fuel cell pack (10)min) and then rise until final voltage corresponding with target power (L2).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for controlling the fuel cell pack run with anode working medium and cathode working media
It is required big to be controlled such that it is generated from initial electric power in wherein fuel cell pack for the method for the point transformation that works
In the target power of initial power.The present invention additionally relates to a kind of fuel cell system set up for implementing this method and one
Kind has the vehicle of such fuel cell system.
Background technique
Fuel cell is transformed into water with oxygen chemistry to produce electricl energy using fuel.For this purpose, fuel cell is as core
Part includes so-called membrane electrode unit (membrane-electrode assemblies MEA), is thin by conduction ion (usual proton conducting)
The structure that film and the catalysis electrode (anode and cathode) for being accordingly arranged in film two sides form.Electrode includes entrained expensive mostly
Metal, especially platinum.In addition, gas diffusion layers (GDL) can be arranged in the side back to film of electrode in membrane electrode unit two sides
At face.Fuel cell is usually formed by multiple MEA for arranging (stack) in heaps, and electrical power is added.In each membrane electrode
Usually be disposed between unit bipolar plates (also referred to as flow-field plate), guarantee supply to monocell working media (i.e. reactant) and
It is also commonly used for cooling down.In addition, bipolar plates are responsible for the conductive contact with membrane electrode unit.
In the operation of fuel cell, by fuel (especially hydrogen H2Or hydrogeneous admixture of gas) pass through the sun of bipolar plates
The open flow field of pole side is conveyed to anode, and H occurs in the case where issuing electronics there2Electrochemistry oxygen is melted into H+.Pass through electricity
It solves matter or film (it makes reaction chamber airtightly be separated from each other and be electrically insulated) realizes proton H+(in conjunction with water or nothing from anode chamber
Water) transport in cathode chamber.The electronics provided at anode is led to cathode by electric wire.Pass through the cathode sides of bipolar plates
Open flow field conveys oxygen or oxygen containing admixture of gas (such as air) to cathode, thus will in the case where absorbing electronics
O2It is reduced into 2O2-.Negative oxygen ion and occur in the cathodic compartment in the case where forming water instead via the proton of film conveyance simultaneously
It answers.
In the case where fuel cell is piled up and run in low-load range, such as example for fuel-cell vehicle especially in city
As occurring in city's traffic, it is often subjected to the load point corresponding to the single battery voltage higher than 0.8 volt.In such high voltage
Under cause the oxidation of catalysis material, especially cathode electrode, wherein such as platinum reaction becomes platinum oxide, than metal platinum for urging
It is considerably lower to change oxygen reduction reaction.In addition, micro platinum is caused to dissolve under the voltage, enter solution to cationic
In.Therefore, the high single battery voltage of fuel cell totally cause catalytic activity and available catalyst surface loss and because
This leads to the loss in efficiency of fuel cell.
In order to resist the phenomenon, the lasting underload requirement by several kilowatts is attempted in current fuel-cell vehicle
To avoid the heap voltage for having corresponding to the single battery voltage greater than 0.85 volt.However show, in actual operation entire
Voltage achieved in range of operation however be still usually above the voltage value of defined and therefore in the unfavorable range.
The high output for the fuel cell that electrode catalyst can be caused impaired is avoided as known to file JP 2013-243047 A
Voltage.If being more than upper voltage limit and also having increased at any time corresponding to voltage required by required power, will export
Voltage is limited under upper voltage limit and is charged a battery with extra electric current.
According to file JP 2008-130424 A, check whether that it can damage catalyst in the raised situation of power requirement
It works on ground.If that's the case, by Fuel Cell Control at making output power to rise than required slow gradient
And the power lacked is supplemented by battery.
2008/111654 A1 of file WO (11 2,008 597 B4 of=DE) illustrates a kind of for making fuel cell catalyst
Wherein dropping to the output voltage of fuel cell the oxide that is formed by of electrode catalyst occurs for the method for agent activation
The level of reduction.This method executes in static operating condition, the quantity of power needed for whole system in the operating condition
It is smaller and be not directly provided to the power of fuel cell not manipulate the gas pedal of vehicle at traction motor and.Due to electricity
Drops and the extra power generated are preferably used to charge a battery or the electrical assistant load of supply vehicle.
Summary of the invention
Now, present invention aims at proposing a kind of method for controlling the work point transformation of fuel cell pack, until
Partially eliminate problem of the prior art.It should especially be reduced in the range of operation as big as possible of fuel cell system or very
To the degeneration for preventing catalysis material.
The purpose passes through a kind of according to the present invention for controlling the method and one kind of the work point transformation of fuel cell pack
The fuel cell system and a kind of corresponding vehicle accordingly set up is realized.
Therefore, the first aspect of the present invention is related to a kind of method for controlling the work point transformation of fuel cell pack, combustion
Material battery pile is run with anode working medium and with cathode working media.Here, fuel cell pack be controlled such that its from
Initial electric power, which is set out, generates the target greater than initial power as required by electric loading (such as traction motor of electric vehicle)
Power.According to the present invention, the electrical power as caused by fuel cell pack is controlled according to scheduled current -voltage curve, so that
Cell voltage from initial voltage corresponding with initial power undergo local minimum voltage and then rise up to mesh
Mark power final voltage accordingly.
Therefore according to the present invention, the dynamic operation of fuel cell pack, especially to the positive burden requirement quilt of fuel cell pack
To undergo interim lower heap voltage and therefore lower single battery voltage.Specifically, in heap voltage or monocell electricity
Press separating and recrystallizing again for the catalysis material for the dissolution for causing catalysis electrode, especially cathode in lower situation.In addition, compared with
Low voltage causes the reduction for being formed by oxide of catalysis material in the case where restoring original metal form.Utilize work
Point transformation is to cause such regeneration of catalysis material to cause frequently to hold in the entire working range of such as fuel-cell vehicle
Row regeneration.In addition, using positive burden requirement pointedly to cause low cell voltage to have the advantages that this, i.e., by low voltage
Starting caused by the extra magnitude of current can directly be received by main electric loading and auxiliary electrical load or electricity accumulator.It is utilizing
Quiescent point as described in prior art, is needed always through battery or vehicle so that in the regenerated situation of catalysis material
Power grid is carried to receive the generated magnitude of current.However, the two does not have corresponding power usually or energy absorption stores in other words
Battery must have corresponding low charged state (SOC:state of charge) so as to receive electric current.It is sharp according to the present invention
Actively cause low cell voltage with dynamic behavior so that therefore on the one hand fuel cell system is realized in catalyst electrode regeneration
System is realized effective catalyst regeneration according to desired dynamic and another aspect and is therefore damaged less in load point transformation
While realize higher fuel cell efficiency.
In preferred embodiment according to the method for the present invention, local minimum voltage is corresponding to 0.7 volt of highest, outstanding
The single battery voltage of 0.6 volt of its highest.It should be noted that the significant recrystallization for the catalysis material for causing to melt lower than these values
And cause its reduction.It is particularly preferred that the minimum voltage of part is in 0.5 volt of highest, particularly up to 0.4 volt of monocell electricity
Pressure.
Preferably, fuel cell pack during the point transformation that works, especially experience part minimum voltage during produced
Raw electrical power is directly received by electric loading, especially by the electric traction motor of vehicle.It is more than if produced in the method
It is by the energy of the current power requirement of electric loading, especially during the minimum voltage of experience part or maximum power, then its is excellent
Selection of land is stored in corresponding accumulator (such as Vehicular battery, high-voltage battery or capacitor).
Preferably, the sun of change fuel cell pack is passed through according to scheduled current -voltage curve during the point transformation that works
The control of the mass flow of pole working media and/or cathode working media realization electrical power.By pointedly intervening quality stream
Amount is realized the current-voltage characteristics line (referring to Fig. 3) for leaving fuel cell and is actually sailed in a short time in electric current-electricity
Press any operating point in characteristic field.This allows pointedly to show desired temporary minimum voltage.Additionally, the control
It is preferably realized by the variation of the current draw from fuel cell, i.e., by current control.
The present invention includes for controlling the three of electrical power possible strategies.According to the first strategy setting at according to predetermined
Current -voltage curve control generated electric energy, the of short duration experience of the current -voltage curve be higher than target power or be higher than with
The current strength and/or power of the corresponding voltage of target power.Therefore, in this embodiment, intentionally of short duration toning waits sailing
The operating point arrived.Extra power caused by herein (being more than the power as required by electric loading, especially traction motor) quilt
It is stored in electricity accumulator (it is preferably high-voltage battery or capacitor, for example so-called super capacitor).It is alternatively or attached
Add ground, extra electric current can be received by other electric loadings, such as the electric loading by being connected in onboard power system.
It is arranged in of the invention the second alternative strategy, according to current -voltage curve by generated electrical power control
It is made so that voltage is continuously reduced first until current strength corresponding with target power and then voltage are in current strength base
Quick or mutation formula increases until reaching voltage corresponding with target power in the case that this is constant.Preferably, the decline of voltage
By the mass flow realization for reducing the reactant, especially cathode working media of fuel cell.It causes to be supplied at cathode herein
The dilution for the oxidant (it is oxygen mostly) given.If having reached target current intensity, cathode work can be improved by mutation formula
The mass flow for making medium promotes voltage jump formula onto target operation points.
According to alternative third strategy, generated electrical power is controlled at making voltage according to current -voltage curve
Mutation formula is decreased until local minimum voltage first and and mutation formula increases and then current strength is increased up
Reach current strength corresponding with target power.Voltage is preferably set to drop to 0 volt first, i.e., fuel cell pack is by of short duration shutdown
And it then quick starts again.This is preferably realized by quickly cutting off cathode working media.The advantage of the strategy is to realize
The particularly preferred regeneration efficity of especially low single battery voltage and therefore catalytic electrode material.In addition, can be caused in the strategy
Anode working medium, fuel are increasedly spilt on cathode side.Thus assisting ion platinum is by fuel, such as hydrogen reducing.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of fuel cell systems comprising fuel cell pack and be used for the fuel cell
The control device of heap, the control device are set up to implementation according to the method for the present invention.For this purpose, control device, which has, calculates
Machine is readable, implements the programmed algorithm of this method.Furthermore control device can have characteristic curve and/or characteristic field, by it according to defeated
Enter value measure corresponding output valve, for example for manipulating the controlling value of the different components of fuel cell system.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of vehicles with such fuel cell system.One is related preferably to herein
Kind has vehicle of the motor as traction motor (being combined to driving vehicle using only it or with internal combustion engine).
Other preferred design scheme of the invention proposes in next specification.
As long as not special other implementation, the different embodiments being previously mentioned in this application of the invention can advantageously mutually
Combination.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is illustrated according to affiliated attached drawing in embodiment below.Wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system of according to the present invention one preferred design scheme；
Fig. 2 shows the vehicles with fuel cell system and electronic component of according to the present invention one preferred design scheme
Block diagram；
Fig. 3 shows the electric current-of fuel cell pack in the case where different reactant quality flows and reactant pressures
Voltage characteristic line, and
Fig. 4 shows according to Different Strategies the current -voltage curve of the fuel cell pack controlled.
List of numerals
100 fuel cell systems
200 vehicles
10 fuel cell packs
11 monocells
12 anode chambers
13 cathode chambers
14 polymer dielectric films
15 bipolar plates
20 anode supply units
21 anode feed paths
22 anode exhaust passages
23 fuel tanks
24 adjusting means
25 fuel recycle pipelines
26 adjusting means
30 cathode supply units
31 cathode feed paths
32 cathode exhaust gas paths
33 compressors
34 motor
35 power electronics devices
36 turbines
37 waste gate pipelines
38 adjusting means
39 humidifier modules
40 electric power systems
41 voltage sensors
42 current sensors
43 inverters
44 accumulators/battery
45 DC converters
50 drive systems
51 traction motors
52 drive shafts
53 driving wheels
60 control devices.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows according to the present invention one preferred design scheme, the whole fuel cell system indicated with 100.
Fuel cell system 100 be vehicle not shown further, especially electric vehicle (its have by fuel cell system 100 come
Supply with the traction motor of electric energy) part.
Fuel cell system 100 includes fuel cell pack 10 as core component, the list with multiple shape arrangements in heaps
Battery 11.Each monocell 11 respectively includes anode chamber 12 and cathode chamber 13, by the polymer dielectric that can conduct ion
Film 14 is separated from each other (referring to details intercept).Anode chamber 12 and cathode chamber 13 (do not show including catalysis electrode, anode or cathode accordingly
Out), the corresponding sub- reaction of catalytic fuel cell reaction.Anode electrode and cathode electrode have catalysis material, such as platinum,
Carried it is present on the carrier material (such as carbon-based material) that can be conductive of biggish specific surface area.It is thin as two
Furthermore it is accordingly disposed with the bipolar plates indicated with 15 between membrane-electrode unit, is used to for working media to be transported to anode chamber 12
And foundation is electrically connected in cathode chamber 13 and furthermore between each fuel cell 11.
In order to fuel cell pack 10 supply working gas, 100 side of fuel cell system have anode supply unit 20 and
The other side has cathode supply unit 30.
Anode supply unit 20 includes anode feed path 21, is used for anode working medium (fuel), such as hydrogen is defeated
It is sent in the anode chamber 12 of fuel cell pack 10.For this purpose, anode feed path 21 is electric by fuel storage device 23 and fuel
The anode inlet of pond heap 10 is connected.Furthermore anode supply unit 20 includes anode exhaust passage 22, by anode waste gas from anode
Room 12 is exported by the anode export of fuel cell pack 10.Anode working pressure in the anode-side 12 of fuel cell pack 10 can
It is adjusted by the adjusting means 24 in anode feed path 21.In addition, anode supply unit 20 can have as shown
Anode exhaust passage 22 is connected by fuel recycle pipeline 25 with anode feed path 21.The recycling of fuel be it is common,
So that the fuel for using most over-stoichiometric is led back to heap and is used.It is disposed in fuel recycle pipeline 25 another
One adjusting means 26 utilizes its adjustable recirculation rate.
Cathode supply unit 30 includes cathode feed path 31, and oxygen containing cathode working media (is especially sucked from environment
Air) be conveyed to the cathode chamber 13 of fuel cell pack 10.Furthermore cathode supply unit 30 includes cathode exhaust gas path 32, will be negative
Pole exhaust gas (especially discharge air), which exports from the cathode chamber 13 of fuel cell pack 10 and is when necessary conveyed to the exhaust gas, to be not shown
Exhaust equipment.
In order to transport and compress cathode working media, compressor 33 is disposed in cathode feed path 31.Shown
Embodiment in, compressor 33 is designed as the compressor of main electric drive, runs by equipped with corresponding power electronic
The motor 34 of equipment 35 is realized.Furthermore compressor 33 (can be had when necessary by the turbine 36 being arranged in cathode exhaust gas path 32
Have variable turbine geometry) support ground to drive via common axis (not shown).Turbine 36 is expander, causes yin
The expansion of pole exhaust gas and the therefore reduction of the pressure of cathode exhaust.
According to shown embodiment, furthermore cathode supply unit 30 can have waste gate pipeline 37, by cathode supply pipe
Road 31 is connected with cathode exhaust gas pipeline 32, is the bypass of fuel cell pack 10.Waste gate pipeline 37 allows in fuel cell
The operating pressure for briefly reducing cathode working media in heap 10, without making compressor 33 stop.It is arranged in waste gate pipeline 37
In adjusting means 38 allow control around fuel cell pack 10 cathode working media amount.The institute of fuel cell system 100
There is adjusting means 24,26,38 that can be configured to adjustable or uncontrollable valve or valve.Corresponding other adjusting means can
It is arranged in pipeline 21,22,31 and 32, so as to by fuel cell pack 10 and ambient environment.
Furthermore fuel cell system 100 has humidifier module 39.39 one side of humidifier module is in cathode feed path
It is arranged so that it can be flowed through by cathode working gas in 31.On the other hand humidifier module is arranged in cathode exhaust gas path 32
At flowing through it can by cathode exhaust.Humidifier 39 typically with multiple water vapor permeables film, planar or
Person is constructed in the form of hollow fibre.Here, the side of film is another by relatively dry cathode working gas (air)
It is flowed through by moister cathode exhaust (exhaust gas) side.It is run, is made by the higher partial pressure power of the vapor in cathode exhaust
It passes through film at vapor to enter in cathode working gas, cathode working gas is wetted in this way.
For clearness reason, the different of anode supply unit 20 and cathode supply unit 30 are not shown in simplified Fig. 1
Other details.So dehydrator can be installed in anode exhaust passage 22 and/or cathode exhaust gas path 32, to condense and to lead
The product water generated out by fuel cell reaction.Finally, anode exhaust line 22 can be led in cathode exhaust gas pipeline 32, so that positive
Pole exhaust gas and cathode exhaust are exported by common exhaust equipment.
Fig. 2 shows the overall vehicles indicated with 200, with the fuel cell system 100 in Fig. 1, electrical power
System 40, vehicle drive system 50 and electronic control unit 60.
Electrical power system 40 include for detect the voltage sensor 41 of the voltage as caused by fuel cell pack 10 with
And the current sensor 42 for detecting the electric current as caused by fuel cell pack 10.Furthermore electrical power system 40 includes accumulation of energy
Device 44, such as high-voltage battery or capacitor.Accumulator 44 passes through converter 45, especially high voltage-DC converter and power grid
It is connected.The motor 34 (referring to Fig. 1) of fuel cell system itself, its electric loading such as compressor 33 or other electricity of vehicle
Load (such as compressor for air-conditioning equipment etc.) can be connected with power grid in the same or a similar manner.
Drive system 50 includes motor 51, is used as the traction motor of vehicle 200.In this regard, the driving of motor 51 has
The drive shaft 52 of the driving wheel 53 of arrangement here.Traction motor 51 passes through the electronics of inverter 43 and fuel cell system 100
Power system 40 is connected and is the main electric loading of system.
Electronic control unit 60 controls the operation of fuel cell system 100, especially its anode supply unit 20 and cathode supply
Portion 30, its electric power system 40 and traction motor 51.For this purpose, control device 60 obtains varying input signal, example
As the utilization current sensor 42 using the voltage U detected of voltage sensor 41, fuel cell 10 of fuel cell 10 is examined
The electric current I of survey, about fuel cell 10 temperature T information, the pressure p in anode chamber 12 and/or cathode chamber 13, accumulator
44 charged state SOC, the revolving speed n of traction motor 51 and other input parameter.Especially also as other input parameter
Input the road horsepower P as required by the driver of vehicle 200W.Road horsepower is especially by accelerator pedal not shown here
The intensity of manipulation is detected by pedal position sensor.In addition, the required power of the other electric loading of vehicle 200
PauxIt can be in input control device 60.
According to input parameter, especially by required road horsepower PWWith pass through power P required by assistant loadaux's
Summation, control device 60 measure the power required in total of fuel cell pack 10.Control device is by calculating or accordingly depositing as a result,
The mass flow or operating pressure of the needs of the characteristic field recognition anode-and cathode working media of storage and manipulate fuel cell system
The motor 34 of the compressor 33 of system 100 and adjusting means 24,26,38 etc..In addition, control device 60 control inverter 43 with
Just it is energized to traction motor 51, and control converter 45 and other converters are so as to 44 charge or discharge of accumulator and to connection
The load energy supply being connected at power grid.
Different mass flows of the Fig. 3 for anode-or cathode working mediaOr operating pressure p shows fuel cell
The current voltage characteristics line KL of heap.It may recognize that, cell voltage U is with electricity in the case where mass flow or constant operating pressure
The increase of intensity of flow I and reduce.In addition, if improving the mass flow or operating pressure of anode-or cathode working media, not only
The power (that is, voltage or the current strength in the case where voltage is constant in the case where electric current is constant) of battery increases.
In another range of operation of vehicle, current draw by current control is realized in a fuel cell stack, wherein makes to be supplied
Working media flow changes according to the stoichiometry (the mass ratio of the material as defined in that is) of regulation.Pass through the work supplied
The variation of the stoichiometry of medium (especially air) can sail to any work in I-E characteristic field in certain boundary
Make a little.
In the operation of vehicle, such as example it is shown in fig. 2, usually occurring that the single battery voltage higher than 0.8 volt can be caused
Fuel cell pack voltage.
Under such voltage, platinum oxide can be formed by oxidation process at cathod catalyst (in this platinum), it is right
It may be significantly smaller in the hydrogen reduction at cathode than metal platinum reactivity.Therefore, the presence of platinum oxide limits the effect of fuel cell
Rate, this shows lower single battery voltage under required electric current.In addition, the single battery voltage higher than 0.8 volt leads to platinum
The dissolution of metal, small quantity is wherein with Pt2+Form enter in solution.If the platinum dissolved is discharged from system, this is moved back
Change phenomenon is irreversible and leads to the reduction of efficiency.If platinum recrystallizes, there is other irreversible phenomenon, because of Pt2+Add
(so-called Ostwald ripening (Oswald Ripening)) is accumulated at biggish rather than lesser particle by force,
Thus effective catalytic surface is lost.
It, according to the present invention, will be from initial electric power to by electric loading, especially draw in order to resist the degeneration of electrode catalyst
It is used to cause the regeneration of catalyst material required by motor 51 greater than the work point transformation on the target power of initial power.Example
Such as using the pilot control gas pedal of electric vehicle so that the case where vehicle accelerates.For this purpose, go out from initial power
Hair, the electrical power as caused by fuel cell pack 10 is controlled according to scheduled current -voltage curve, which shows to exist
Voltage at fuel cell pack 10 undergoes local minimum voltage first, then to rise until with required target function
Rate final voltage accordingly.It for this purpose, according to the present invention can be with the different current-voltages being shown in FIG. 4
The Different Strategies of curve.
Fig. 4 first illustrates electric current-electricity in the case where the reactant supply to fuel cell pack is constant (with reference to Fig. 3)
Press characteristic curve KL.Operating point L1 indicates operating point corresponding with initial power herein and L2 is indicated and required target power phase
The operating point answered.In conventional control, can increase along characteristic curve current draw, so as to until coming target power L2.
The first strategy according to the present invention is illustrated according to the current -voltage curve S1 in Fig. 4.From corresponding to initial power
Operating point L1 set out, it is constant or be at most slightly reduced (that is, the oxygen in air is being changed relative to fuel in stoichiometry
Learn slightly insufficient in metering) in the case where will to improve from the current draw in fuel cell pack be more than target load point.Due to quilt
The catalyst granules of oxidation only slowly restores, and voltage declines according to curve S1, slightly drops under characteristic curve KL when necessary.
The process is set to last up to the current strength bigger than the current strength as required by traction motor 51, wherein voltage is further
Decline.Return to the current draw from fuel cell pack up to required current strength I2.Curve S1's has most
The point of high current intensity corresponds to local minimum Umin,1.By undergoing relative to the smaller cell voltage of characteristic curve KL, in yin
A degree of regeneration that platinum catalyst is obtained at pole, thus improves the efficiency of fuel cell.This causes, in target current intensity
There are higher voltages and therefore higher instantaneous power compared with the current draw of characteristic curve guidance under I2.Reduce in this way
Catalyst aging.
Describe the second strategy according to the present invention using the current -voltage curve S2 in Fig. 4.Herein from initial work
Point L1 sets out, and improves electric current, and the air without the correspondingly cathode of Rapid matching fuel cell supplies.This leads to stoichiometry
Reduce (i.e. oxygen poor) and the therefore disturbance of voltage.If having reached the minimum voltage of the voltage threshold pursued or part
Umin,2, such as under 0.5 volt of single battery voltage, match electric current and stoichiometry with target power L2, so as to cause battery
Voltage is flown up.The regeneration for causing the catalysis material of cathode electrode by lower voltage value experienced, thus improves
The efficiency of battery, this can be gone out by higher voltage identification achieved at target load point.
Third strategy according to the present invention is shown according to current -voltage curve S3 in Fig. 4.According to the strategy, in determination
By traction motor 51 power requirement when, of short duration shutdown fuel cell pack 10 (such as the supply of the air by being cut to cathode and/
Or voltage is reduced by DC/DC converter), so that cell voltage falls to approximately 0 volt.During this period electric current is not extracted from heap.?
After of short duration shutdown, by supplying air to be increased to initial mass flow or initial cathode operating pressure again, immediately again
Accelerate heap 10.Then, electric current supply is increased in required level in the case where cell voltage only slightly reduces.?
Low-voltage (U experienced when of short duration shutdown fuel cell packmin,3=0 volt) obviously regeneration efficity is especially also resulted in, because
Strong oxygen poor at cathode causes hydrogen to pass through in film diffusion to cathode side.
It, can be in the of short duration shutdown phase of fuel cell pack 10 according to advantageous additional measure within the scope of this invention
Between hydrogen is directly directed to by fuel by the pipeline that is directed in cathode feed path 31 from anode feed path 21 accordingly
On the cathode side of battery pile 10.The platinum being oxidized can be also further speeded up in this way is reduced into metal platinum.Shown using curve S3
Strategy out causes the power vacancy energized to traction motor 51 during this period, and traction motor 51 is preferably by accumulation of energy wherein
Device 44 energizes.It can be set to first check for the charged state SOC of accumulator 44 for this reason and and if only if SOC be more than scheduled
So just operational structure S3 when threshold value.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of for controlling with anode working medium and with the operating point of the fuel cell pack (10) of cathode working media operation
The method of transformation, the fuel cell pack (10) is controlled such that the fuel cell pack from initial electric power (L1) wherein
Set out the target power (L2) for generating and being greater than initial power (L1) as required by electric loading (51), wherein corresponding to scheduled
Current -voltage curve (S1, S2, S3) controls the electrical power as caused by the fuel cell pack (10), so that described
From the initial voltage corresponding to the initial power (L1), (the U1) undergoes part to voltage existing at fuel cell pack (10)
Minimum voltage (Umin) and then rise until final voltage corresponding with the target power (L2).
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the minimum voltage (U of partmin) correspond to highest 0.7
The single battery voltage of volt.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the minimum voltage (U of partmin) correspond to highest 0.6
The single battery voltage of volt.
4. method according to any one of claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the generated electricity during the point transformation that works
Power is directly received by the electric loading.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the electric loading is traction motor (51).
6. method according to any one of claim 1-3, which is characterized in that correspond to the current -voltage curve
(S1, S2, S3) control caused by electrical power by changing the anode working medium and/or the cathode working media
Stoichiometry is realized.
7. the method according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that correspond to current -voltage curve
(S1) generated electrical power is controlled, the of short duration experience of current -voltage curve (S1) is higher than the target power (L2)
Current strength and/or power, and extra power is stored in electricity accumulator (44).
8. the method according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that correspond to current -voltage curve
(S2) generated electrical power is controlled at being continuously reduced voltage first until corresponding with the target power (L2) electric
Intensity of flow and then voltage quickly increases until reach and the target power in the case where current strength substantially constant
(L2) corresponding voltage.
9. the method according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that correspond to current -voltage curve
(S3) generated electrical power is controlled at making voltage be mutated formula decline first until local minimum voltage (Umin) and connect
Mutation formula increases again and then current strength increases until reach current strength corresponding with the target power (L2).
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, voltage is made to be mutated formula decline first until about 0 volt.
11. a kind of fuel cell system (100) comprising fuel cell pack (10) and control device (60), the control device
It is set up to and implements method according to any one of claim 1 to 10.
12. a kind of vehicle (200), with fuel cell system according to claim 11 (100).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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| DE102015207600.8 | 2015-04-24 | ||
| DE102015207600.8A DE102015207600A1 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2015-04-24 | Method for controlling an operating point change of a fuel cell stack and fuel cell system |
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| US (1) | US10122037B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN106067557B (en) |
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| JP6642463B2 (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2020-02-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| DE102018201233A1 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-18 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Motor vehicle with a fuel cell |
| JP6919555B2 (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2021-08-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell system and vehicle |
| DE102018201106A1 (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-07-25 | Volkswagen Ag | Method for reducing aging effects in fuel cell systems |
| CN109256573B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2023-05-26 | 天津中德应用技术大学 | Air flow regulating method and device for proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell stack |
| CN109542157B (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-10-30 | 中国计量大学 | Direct calculation and tracking method for maximum power point of fuel cell |
| DE102020116891A1 (en) | 2020-06-26 | 2021-12-30 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Power-modulated and superstoichiometrically operated fuel cell system |
| DE102020124579A1 (en) | 2020-09-22 | 2022-03-24 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel cell system with load point dependent degradation regeneration |
| DE102020124578A1 (en) | 2020-09-22 | 2022-03-24 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel cell system with direction-dependent load point change |
| CN115775899B (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2024-05-07 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Dynamic control method for fuel cell system, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN116364976B (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2024-04-05 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Control method and device of fuel cell system and fuel cell system |
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| US20050048335A1 (en) * | 2003-08-26 | 2005-03-03 | Fields Robert E. | Apparatus and method for regulating hybrid fuel cell power system output |
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| CN101351918A (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2009-01-21 | 日产自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| CN102655239A (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-05 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
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| DE102015207600A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
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