CN106060702A - Multifunctional piezoelectric horn - Google Patents
Multifunctional piezoelectric horn Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106060702A CN106060702A CN201610423957.6A CN201610423957A CN106060702A CN 106060702 A CN106060702 A CN 106060702A CN 201610423957 A CN201610423957 A CN 201610423957A CN 106060702 A CN106060702 A CN 106060702A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- pressure electric
- piezoelectric
- type loudspeaker
- conical diaphragm
- functional pressure
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a multifunctional piezoelectric horn, which comprises a resonant cavity, a cover board, a shell, a piezoelectric sound production piece and a conical diaphragm, wherein the piezoelectric sound production piece is fixedly arranged in the shell, so that the shell is divided into a front cavity and a back cavity; a step is arranged on the inner wall of the front cavity; a large-diameter end of the conical diaphragm is fixedly arranged on the step; a small-diameter end of the conical diaphragm is connected to the piezoelectric sound production piece; the large-diameter end of the conical diaphragm is pressed; the resonant cavity is arranged on the shell; the conical diaphragm amplifies the maximum mechanical vibration at the center of the piezoelectric sound production piece, so that the larger sound is made, the sound pressure level can reach 105dBa2m and conforms to the requirements of the sound pressure level of the automobile horn, and meanwhile, through adjusting frequency response curves of the resonant cavity, the front cavity, the back cavity and the piezoelectric sound production piece, the piezoelectric horn meets the requirements of an automobile whistle, an alarm sound and various simulated sound, so that the piezoelectric horn can be more widely applied to the automobile.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to loudspeaker, especially relate to a kind of multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker.
Background technology
Loudspeaker are a kind of conversion equipments that a kind of electric energy is converted into sound, when different electron energies reaches coil, and line
It is interactive with the magnetic field of Magnet that circle produces a kind of energy, and this interaction causes paper disc to vibrate, because electron energy changes at any time, and loudspeaker
Coil can move forward or backward, therefore the paper disc of loudspeaker will and then move, and this this action makes the density degree of air produce
Changing and produce sound.
Producing, by object, the basis that the vibration of audio frequency produces for sound, loudspeaker generally comprise energising and produce the actuating of vibration
Device and the vibration generation diaphragm two parts driving air vibration output sound.Along with the lightening development trend of electronic product, loudspeaker
The most gradually moving towards slimming, the demand of plane horn quickly increases along with electronics market.Traditional loudspeaker are with moving-coil type
It is main, owing to being limited to the leakage field of field circuit, so that slimming product cannot be met by moving-coil type loudspeaker, therefore how to guarantee sound
Happy tonequality, can have again enough thinnesses concurrently in order to being built in electronic product, then become the technology development priority of new loudspeaker product.
Piezoelectric loudspeaker use piezoelectric patches is as actuator, via the sheet metal cohered on actuator, by the vibration of actuator
MODAL TRANSFORMATION OF A becomes mode of flexural vibration to drive air to produce sound.Piezoelectric loudspeaker is essentially the material tight of two lamellars and engages institute
Formed, slim turn to its key character, the thin type horn of present electronic product demand is had relative application advantage.Piezoelectric loudspeaker
Using the sheet metal that rigidity is higher, as vibration, diaphragm occurs, be unfavorable for that the sound of low range produces, therefore tradition uses piezoelectricity
The problem having high pitch as loudspeaker exists.In addition to the demand of slimming, low range improves and how to be widened by entirety range,
It is the important technology problem of follow-up piezoelectric loudspeaker technology development in fact.
Now to realize on automobile at present such as vehicle whistle, auto alarm, pedestrian's prompting, charging electric vehicle prompt tone,
The functions such as simulation of engine sound, need the mode using multiple loudspeaker combination to realize, but do so can cause, and functional part is many, body
The various shortcoming such as long-pending big, poor reliability, power consumption.
To this end, have developed the Multi-functional horn of the present invention, the Multi-functional horn of the present invention meets the sound pressure level of car horn
Requirement, therefore the present invention can substitute for existing car horn, simultaneously by regulation resonant cavity, ante-chamber, back cavity and piezoelectricity sounding part
Frequency response curve can make piezoelectric loudspeaker meet vehicle whistle, alarm sound and the demand of various analog audio, so that in the present invention
Piezoelectric loudspeaker in the car with having wider application.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker, to solve to realize such as present in prior art
The function such as vehicle whistle, auto alarm, pedestrian's prompting, charging electric vehicle prompt tone, simulation of engine sound, needs to use multiple
The mode of loudspeaker combination realizes, but do so can cause shortcomings such as functional part is many, volume big, poor reliability, power consumption.
The multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker that the present invention provides, it includes that resonant cavity, cover plate, shell, piezoelectricity sounding part, taper are shaken
Film；
Described piezoelectricity sounding part is fixedly mounted with in the enclosure, thus shell is divided into ante-chamber and back cavity；
Described front cavity wall is provided with step, and described conical diaphragm bigger diameter end is packed on step, the path of conical diaphragm
End is connected with piezoelectricity sounding part；
Described cover plate lid is contained on step, by conical diaphragm bigger diameter end pressing；
Described resonant cavity is arranged on shell.
Further, described piezoelectricity sounding part includes piezoelectric ceramic piece and vibration substrate, the described vibration being bonded as one
Substrate is packed in ante-chamber.
Further, described piezoelectric ceramic piece is single layer piezoelectric potsherd, and single layer piezoelectric potsherd single or double is bonding
Vibration substrate.
Further, described piezoelectric ceramic piece is multilayer piezoelectric ceramic sheet, and multilayer piezoelectric ceramic sheet single or double is bonding
Vibration substrate.
Further, the bigger diameter end of described conical diaphragm uses bonding way to be packed on the step of front cavity wall.
Further, the miner diameter end of described conical diaphragm uses the center of bonding or riveting method and piezoelectricity sounding part even
Connect.
Further, described vibration substrate is nickel alloy sheet, stainless steel substrates, alloy aluminium flake, latten(-tin) or organic diaphragm.
Further, described conical diaphragm is metal film, paper membrane, plastic foil or yellow varnished insulating cloth.
Further, it is provided with insulating cement at the electrode of described piezoelectric ceramic piece.
Further, the junction of described resonant cavity, cover plate, ante-chamber and back cavity is respectively equipped with fluid sealant.
The multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker that the present invention provides, have the advantage that
The present invention includes that it includes resonant cavity, cover plate, shell, piezoelectricity sounding part, conical diaphragm, and piezoelectricity sounding part is packed in
In shell, thus shell being divided into ante-chamber and back cavity, front cavity wall is provided with step, and conical diaphragm bigger diameter end is packed in step
On, the miner diameter end of conical diaphragm is connected with piezoelectricity sounding part, and cover plate lid is contained on step, by conical diaphragm bigger diameter end pressing, altogether
The chamber that shakes is arranged on shell.
Use above structure, make the conical diaphragm in the present invention maximum machine of piezoelectricity sounding part center be vibrated and carry out
Amplifying, thus send bigger sound, sound pressure level can reach 105dB@2m, meets the sound pressure level requirement of car horn.Simultaneously
Piezoelectric loudspeaker can be made to meet vehicle whistle, report by the frequency response curve of regulation resonant cavity, ante-chamber, back cavity and piezoelectricity sounding part
Alert sound and the demand of various analog audio, so that the piezoelectric loudspeaker in the present invention is in the car with having wider application.
Such as vapour is realized by the way of the most alternative existing multiple loudspeaker combinations of the multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker of the present invention
The functions such as car is blown a whistle, auto alarm, pedestrian's prompting, charging electric vehicle prompt tone, simulation of engine sound, with existing scheme phase
Ratio, the functional part that the present invention needs is few, volume is little, reliability is high, it is low to consume energy.
As improvement, at the electrode of piezoelectric ceramic piece, it is provided with insulating cement, the junction of resonant cavity, cover plate, ante-chamber and back cavity
It is provided with fluid sealant, makes piezoelectric loudspeaker have good air-tightness and water proofing property, so that the dustproof and waterproof grade of the present invention reaches
To IP6K7 standard, further increase the dependability of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art below will be to specifically
In embodiment or description of the prior art, the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, in describing below
Accompanying drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before not paying creative work
Put, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
The structure sectional view that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention one；
The structural blast figure that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention one；
Reference:
1-resonant cavity；2-cover plate；3-shell；
4-piezoelectricity sounding part；5-conical diaphragm；31-ante-chamber；
32-back cavity；41-piezoelectric ceramic piece；42-vibrates substrate；
311-step.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described enforcement
Example is a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, ordinary skill
The every other embodiment that personnel are obtained under not making creative work premise, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that term " " center ", " on ", D score, "left", "right", " vertically ",
Orientation or the position relationship of the instruction such as " level ", " interior ", " outward " they are based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, merely to
Be easy to describe the present invention and simplifying describe rather than instruction or the hint device of indication or element must have specific orientation,
With specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore it is not considered as limiting the invention.Additionally, term " first ", " second ",
" the 3rd " is only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that indicate or hint relative importance.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " is installed ", " phase
Even ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be fixing connection, it is also possible to be to removably connect, or be integrally connected；Can
To be mechanical connection, it is also possible to be electrical connection；Can be to be joined directly together, it is also possible to be indirectly connected to by intermediary, Ke Yishi
The connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, can understand that above-mentioned term is at this with concrete condition
Concrete meaning in invention.
Embodiment one:
The structural representation of the multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker that Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention one, it includes resonance
Chamber 1, cover plate 2, shell 3, piezoelectricity sounding part 4, conical diaphragm 5；
Piezoelectricity sounding part 4 is packed in shell 3, thus shell 3 is divided into ante-chamber 31 and back cavity 32；
Ante-chamber 31 inwall is provided with step 311, and conical diaphragm 5 bigger diameter end is packed on step 311, conical diaphragm 5 little
Footpath end is connected with piezoelectricity sounding part 4；
Cover plate 2 lid is contained on step 311, by conical diaphragm 5 bigger diameter end pressing；
Resonant cavity 1 is arranged on shell 3.
Piezoelectricity sounding part 4 includes piezoelectric ceramic piece 41 and the vibration substrate 42 being bonded as one, and vibration substrate 42 is packed in
In ante-chamber 31.
Piezoelectric ceramic piece 41 is a kind of electrophonic musical element, puts into piezoelectric ceramics medium in the middle of two panels copper circular electrode
Material, when connecting AC audio signal on two plate electrodes, piezoelectric patches can be according to the big small frequency generation vibrations of signal
Produce corresponding sound.
The operation principle of piezoelectric ceramic piece 41 is:
When voltage acts on piezoelectric ceramics, mechanically deform will be produced with the change of voltage and frequency.
On the other hand, when vibrating piezoelectric ceramics, then an electric charge can be produced.Utilize this principle, when giving by two panels pressure
The vibrator that electroceramics or a piece of piezoelectric ceramics and a sheet metal are constituted, what is called is bimorph cell, is applied an electricity
During signal, ultrasound wave will be launched because of bending vibration.On the contrary, when applying supersonic vibration to bimorph cell, will
Produce a signal of telecommunication.
Piezoelectric ceramic piece 41 is single layer piezoelectric potsherd, single layer piezoelectric potsherd one side bonding vibration substrate 42.
The bigger diameter end of conical diaphragm 5 uses bonding way to be packed on the step 311 of ante-chamber 31 inwall.
Bonding be made by adhesive produced bonding force on a solid surface, by of the same race or not same material connect securely
The method being connected together.
Bonding principal mode has two kinds: non-structural type and structural type.
It is introduced, non-structural is bonding is primarily referred to as surface cohering, sealing and functional bonding, and typical non-structural glue includes
Surface adhesive glue stick, sealing and conductive adhesive etc..
And structural type bonding be that construction unit is sticked with glue the bonding phenomenon that agent is rigidly secured together.Used by wherein
Sqtructural adhesive and adhesive spots thereof must be able to transferring structure stress, do not affect the integrity of its structure and to ring in scope of design
The suitability in border.
The miner diameter end employing of conical diaphragm 5 is bonding or riveting method is connected with the center of piezoelectricity sounding part.
Vibration substrate 42 is nickel alloy sheet, stainless steel substrates, alloy aluminium flake, latten(-tin) or organic diaphragm.
Conical diaphragm 5 is metal film, paper membrane, plastic foil or yellow varnished insulating cloth.
Metal film be the nineties in 20th century by the U.S. succeed in developing with porous stainless steel as matrix, TiO2Pottery is film layer
A kind of inoranic membrane of the novel metal-ceramic composite of material.
Metal film has good plasticity, toughness and intensity, and to environment and the adaptability of material, be continue organic membrane,
One of membrane material that after ceramic membrane, performance is best.
The preparation process of metal film has two big key technology--the preparation of matrix and the preparations of ceramic film.Metallic matrix
Being dependent on what PM technique realized, ceramic film is dependent on what the sol-gel process of wet chemistry method completed.
It is provided with insulating cement at the electrode of piezoelectric ceramic piece 41.
Insulating cement has the multicomponent compound adhesive of good electrical insulating properties.
Insulating cement, with Colophonium, natural resin or synthetic resin as material of main part, has very high viscosity, adds during use under room temperature
Heat, to improve mobility, makes it easier to irrigate, impregnates, coats.Can solidify after cooling, it is also possible to do not solidify.It is characterized in not
Containing volatile solvent, can be used as collector surface protection.
Insulating cement is segmented into thermoplastic cement and thermosetting cement.
The former is for the occasion that operating temperature is the highest, mechanical strength is less, as being used for pouring into a mould cable connector；The latter typically by
Resin, firming agent, toughener, diluent, filler (or no-arbitrary pricing) etc. are formulated.
Thermosetting cement is divided into heat curing-type (being heating and curing), curable type of drying in the air by its curing mode (under room temperature after certain time admittedly
Change), light curable type and a few class of thixotropy；
By the application mode in electrician, binding agent and impregnating agent, casting glue, encapsulating compound etc. can be divided into；
By the composition of matrix resin, can be divided into polyester, epoxy, polyurethane, polybutadiene olefin(e) acid, organosilicon, polyester-imide and
Polyimides etc..
The junction of resonant cavity 1, cover plate 2, ante-chamber 31 and back cavity 32 is respectively equipped with fluid sealant.
Fluid sealant (sealant/sealing glue) is to guide to deform with sealing surface shape, is difficult to trickling, has certain
The encapsulant of caking property.
Fluid sealant is used to fill configuration gap, to play the adhesive of sealing function.There is anti-leak, waterproof, vibrationproof
Dynamic and sound insulation, the effect such as heat insulation.
Fluid sealant is generally with the dryness such as Colophonium thing, natural resin or synthetic resin, natural rubber or synthetic rubber or non-dry
Property dope be base material, coordinate the inert fillers such as Pulvis Talci, hargil, white carbon black, titanium dioxide and asbestos, add plasticizer, molten
Agent, firming agent, accelerator etc. are made.
Embodiment two:
The multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker that the present embodiment provides, are entering the multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker that embodiment one provides
One step is improved, on the basis of Fig. 1 structure；
Piezoelectric ceramic piece 41 is single layer piezoelectric potsherd, single layer piezoelectric potsherd double-sided adhesive vibration substrate 42.
Embodiment three:
The multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker that the present embodiment provides, are entering the multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker that embodiment one provides
One step is improved, on the basis of Fig. 1 structure；
Piezoelectric ceramic piece 41 is multilayer piezoelectric ceramic sheet, multilayer piezoelectric ceramic sheet one side bonding vibration substrate 42.
Embodiment four:
The multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker that the present embodiment provides, are entering the multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker that embodiment one provides
One step is improved, on the basis of Fig. 1 structure；
Piezoelectric ceramic piece 41 is multilayer piezoelectric ceramic sheet, multilayer piezoelectric ceramic sheet double-sided adhesive vibration substrate.
Last it is noted that various embodiments above is only in order to illustrate technical scheme, it is not intended to limit；To the greatest extent
The present invention has been described in detail by pipe with reference to foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that: it depends on
So the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can be modified, or the most some or all of technical characteristic is entered
Row equivalent；And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from various embodiments of the present invention technology
The scope of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker, it is characterised in that it includes resonant cavity, cover plate, shell, piezoelectricity sounding part, taper
Vibrating diaphragm；
Described piezoelectricity sounding part is fixedly mounted with in the enclosure, thus shell is divided into ante-chamber and back cavity；
Described front cavity wall is provided with step, and described conical diaphragm bigger diameter end is packed on step, the miner diameter end of conical diaphragm with
Piezoelectricity sounding part connects；
Described cover plate lid is contained on step, by conical diaphragm bigger diameter end pressing；
Described resonant cavity is arranged on shell.
Multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described piezoelectricity sounding part include bonding be
The piezoelectric ceramic piece of one and vibration substrate, described vibration substrate is packed in ante-chamber.
Multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described piezoelectric ceramic piece is single layer piezoelectric
Potsherd, single layer piezoelectric potsherd single or double bonding vibration substrate.
Multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described piezoelectric ceramic piece is multi-layer piezoelectric
Potsherd, multilayer piezoelectric ceramic sheet single or double bonding vibration substrate.
Multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the bigger diameter end of described conical diaphragm uses
Bonding way is packed on the step of front cavity wall.
Multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the miner diameter end of described conical diaphragm uses
Bonding or riveting method is connected with the center of piezoelectricity sounding part.
Multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described vibration substrate be nickel alloy sheet,
Stainless steel substrates, alloy aluminium flake, latten(-tin) or organic diaphragm.
8. according to the multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that described conical diaphragm be metal film,
Paper membrane, plastic foil or yellow varnished insulating cloth.
9. according to the multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that the electrode of described piezoelectric ceramic piece
Place is provided with insulating cement.
Multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described resonant cavity, cover plate, ante-chamber and
The junction of back cavity is respectively equipped with fluid sealant.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610423957.6A CN106060702A (en) | 2016-06-14 | 2016-06-14 | Multifunctional piezoelectric horn |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610423957.6A CN106060702A (en) | 2016-06-14 | 2016-06-14 | Multifunctional piezoelectric horn |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106060702A true CN106060702A (en) | 2016-10-26 |
Family
ID=57168143
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610423957.6A Pending CN106060702A (en) | 2016-06-14 | 2016-06-14 | Multifunctional piezoelectric horn |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106060702A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106792403A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-05-31 | 苏州攀特电陶科技股份有限公司 | Piezoelectric loudspeaker |
| CN113593152A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-11-02 | 中车大同电力机车有限公司 | Pneumatic alarm device and locomotive |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4414436A (en) * | 1982-04-19 | 1983-11-08 | Pioneer Speaker Components, Inc. | Narrow-frequency band acoustic transducer |
| CN2115635U (en) * | 1992-02-22 | 1992-09-09 | 林光耀 | Bell shape piezoelectric loudspeaker |
| CN2744112Y (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2005-11-30 | 陈敏 | Lighting piezoelectric ceramic loudspeaker |
| CN201667714U (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2010-12-08 | 志丰电子股份有限公司 | Piezoelectric type loudspeaker |
| CN202352325U (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2012-07-25 | 四川华翔电子有限公司 | Novel piezoelectric buzzer |
| CN205693865U (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-16 | 常州市武进晶丰电子有限公司 | Multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker |
-
2016
- 2016-06-14 CN CN201610423957.6A patent/CN106060702A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4414436A (en) * | 1982-04-19 | 1983-11-08 | Pioneer Speaker Components, Inc. | Narrow-frequency band acoustic transducer |
| CN2115635U (en) * | 1992-02-22 | 1992-09-09 | 林光耀 | Bell shape piezoelectric loudspeaker |
| CN2744112Y (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2005-11-30 | 陈敏 | Lighting piezoelectric ceramic loudspeaker |
| CN201667714U (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2010-12-08 | 志丰电子股份有限公司 | Piezoelectric type loudspeaker |
| CN202352325U (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2012-07-25 | 四川华翔电子有限公司 | Novel piezoelectric buzzer |
| CN205693865U (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-16 | 常州市武进晶丰电子有限公司 | Multi-functional pressure electric-type loudspeaker |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106792403A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-05-31 | 苏州攀特电陶科技股份有限公司 | Piezoelectric loudspeaker |
| CN113593152A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-11-02 | 中车大同电力机车有限公司 | Pneumatic alarm device and locomotive |
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