CN106059244B - A kind of Hall type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator - Google Patents
A kind of Hall type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN106059244B CN106059244B CN201610454858.4A CN201610454858A CN106059244B CN 106059244 B CN106059244 B CN 106059244B CN 201610454858 A CN201610454858 A CN 201610454858A CN 106059244 B CN106059244 B CN 106059244B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
- H02K44/08—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
- H02K44/12—Constructional details of fluid channels
- H02K44/14—Circular or screw-shaped channels
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generators, belong to magnetic fluid generating technology field.Disc-shaped circular or fan-shaped, the recovery approach exported including power channel, the magnet for a pair of of the opposite polarity being respectively arranged on above and below power channel, the access road of connection power channel entrance and connection power channel of the generator main body；The inlet and exit of power channel are respectively equipped with yin, yang electrode paired with each other；Power channel is spliced to form side by side by the fan-shaped expanding channel of two or more；The logarithm of yin, yang electrode is identical with the quantity of fan-shaped expanding channel；Generator at work, electromagnetic isolated is formed between fan-shaped expanding channel.Dish-type power channel of the prior art, is split as the expanding channel of several deciles by the generator of the present invention, and without producing entire disk, each channel design is identical, can carry out unitized processing, and processing cost is low；Second is that the shortcomings that original disc type can be improved, the stability and efficiency of power generation are improved, extends the service life of generator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generators, belong to magnetic fluid generating technology field.
Background technology
Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator is that one kind generates induced electromotive force and sense by working medium movement cutting magnetic line of gaseous conductor
The generator of raw electric current, electricity generating principle is identical with common generator principle, is all the law of electromagnetic induction.Gaseous conductor working medium was both
Can be alkali metal containing ion nonequilibrium plasma as working medium, the lazy of high temperature thermal balance or local thermodynamic equilibrium also can be selected
Property gaseous plasma is as working medium.
Plasma Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator is generally divided into Faraday Type plasma Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator and Hall type at present
Magnetic fluid (generally use plasma) generator.The former is generally located at the straight channels of passage both sides as power generation area using electrode
Domain generates electricity using the gaseous conductor of thermal ionization as working medium.Its Temperature of Working is usually in 1500-2000K or so, it and steam
The generating efficiency of combined cycle is up to 50%~60%.The latter's power channel compared with the former is mostly disk like disc type, and electrode is distinguished
The entrance and exit position of disk is distributed in, is usually closed-cycle magnetohydrodynamics power generation, is to weaken boundary layer point compared with advantage for the former
From, inhibit electron temperature fluctuation.Temperature of Working scope is than the former bigger, and high temperature is up to 10000-13000K, generating efficiency higher.
The topology layout of disc type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator is designed to be generated electricity using Hall effect.In disc type magnetic current
In body generator, gaseous conductor radially flows, and magnetic field is in the axial direction.Gaseous conductor cutting magnetic field generates faraday's electricity
Stream and radial current (Hall current) draw radial current in a pair of electrodes that air current flow direction is placed, tangential electric current
Component (faradic currents) itself dead short, vertical with airflow direction and magnetic direction, disc type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator has generated electricity
Hall effect is relied on entirely.
The enthalpy recovery rate of disc type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator is more efficient compared with straight channel magnetohydrodynamic generator, reaches as high as 55%,
There is following advantage compared to Faraday Type plasma gas Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator：
1) voltage under same distance radially is higher than Faraday Type, and which improves total electric energy of output
With the electric energy of unit volume output, electric generator structure can be very compact；
2) disc type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator uses simple annular electrode, and voltage drop is small, and Faraday Type generator is related to
To entire power channel and the electrode segment problem of complexity；
3) topology layout of disc type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator concision and compact causes corresponding magnet system that can also be designed very
Simply, magnetic field is positioned over the electromagnetic coil of disk upper and lower surface by a pair or permanent magnet provides, and Faraday Type must use saddle
Magnet, manufacture difficulty are big.
Since the generating efficiency of disc type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator is relatively high, also shown in following commercial application prospect
Apparent advantage.Under the application background in space, consider generator system overall structure, technical difficulty, closed loop use etc. because
Element, disc type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator have big advantage compared to Faraday Type generator.
The content of the invention
The invention solves technical problems to be：The shortcomings that overcoming above-mentioned technology.It provides a kind of using the method being dielectrically separated from
Weaken faradic currents, so as to improve enthalpy recovery rate, the Hall type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator of stable electric generation performance.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, technical solution proposed by the present invention is：A kind of Hall type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator, bag
Include power channel, the magnet for a pair of of the opposite polarity being respectively arranged on above and below the power channel, the connection power channel entrance
Gaseous conductor access road and connect the gaseous conductor recovery approach of power channel outlet；The entrance of the power channel
Place and exit are respectively equipped with yin, yang electrode paired with each other；It is characterized in that：The power channel is by the sector of two or more
Expanding channel is spliced to form side by side；The logarithm of the yin, yang electrode is identical with the quantity of the fan-shaped expanding channel；The power generation
Machine at work, electromagnetic isolated is formed between the sector expanding channel.
The present inventor is had found by some current theoretical researches：Ventional disc Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator was being run
There is also some problems in journey, mainly there is the following：1) discharging structure is uneven；Electric current is locally excessively concentrated；2) it is local
Lorentz force is excessive；3) working medium speed declines, and static pressure rises；4) Hall coefficient, electrical conductivity decline.This is primarily due to disc electromagnetic
Fluid generator internal working medium is concentrated in disk, when working medium Radial Flow and magnetic field interaction except radial flow direction
Hall currentOutside, on the direction of central shaft and radial direction
The i.e. tangential electric current of faradic currents can be generated(wherein σ is gaseous conductor
Electrical conductivity；β is the Hall coefficient of gaseous conductor；urFor gaseous conductor radial velocity；uθFor gaseous conductor tangential velocity；ErFor
Radial electric field intensity；EθFor tangential electric field strength).We have found that the faradic currents that annular can be formed when electrical conductivity is higher lead to
Road, this can cause local Lorentz force to increase the Radial Flow for hindering fluid so that static pressure raises, and causes and waits gaseous conductors conductance
Rate is uneven, and ionization is unstable, causes discharging structure uneven, and electric current is locally excessively concentrated, and causes decrease in power generation efficiency and hair
The damage of motor.
The present invention is weakened using the method isolated along passage radial insulation because causing faradic currents intensity continuous during superposition
Increase the influence of caused result as described in the background art, so as to improve enthalpy recovery rate, stable electric generation performance and protection are sent out
Motor component.After power channel is plus wall surface (between each sector expanding channel) is dielectrically separated from, each sector expanding channel
It is opposite compared to the space of previous single whole power channel to compress, so that the radial flow velocity of the working medium such as conductive air-flow
Increase, be not difficult to find out from the expression formula of above tangential electric current, when radial velocity increase tangential electric current reduce therewith and by
Original ring current access will not be formed in the effect being dielectrically separated from, so as to reduce local Lorentz force, improves power generation
Energy.
It should be noted that：It is above-mentioned to existing disc type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator there are the reason for problem behind disclose and
Theoretic knowledge be inventor it is exclusive, without any enlightenment of the prior art.Obviously without this original discovery and understanding
Technical scheme cannot be obtained, the present invention seems to be had between simple technical solution and this original discovery and understanding
The contact that can not be isolated.
Above-mentioned technical proposal, which is further improved, to be：1) power channel is made of non-magnetic, non-conducting material；
The section of the sector expanding channel is the rectangle of gradual change.2) the disc-shaped circle of the main body of the Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator, the hair
Electric channel is spliced to form circular ring shape side by side by the fan-shaped expanding channel of two or more.3) main body of the Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator is in disk
Shape is fan-shaped, and the power channel is spliced to form fan annular side by side by the fan-shaped expanding channel of two or more.4) magnet is by two
A above and described fan-shaped corresponding secter pat of expanding channel is spliced to form circular ring shape side by side.5) magnet is by two or more
Fan annular is spliced to form side by side with the corresponding secter pat of the fan-shaped expanding channel.6) positive electrode is located at the expansion and sends out
The both sides up and down of the inlet of electric channel, the negative electrode is located at the both sides up and down in the expansion power channel exit, described
Positive electrode and negative electrode connect electrical equipment or load respectively.7) end of the gaseous conductor access road and the conductive gas
The initiating terminal of body recovery approach is arc-shaped transition.8) magnet is permanent magnet or electromagnetic coil.9) the gaseous conductor recycling
Channel segmentation into it is described fan annular expansion number of channels it is corresponding multiple.
Collar plate shape power channel of the prior art is split as several by Hall type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator provided by the invention
The fan-shaped expanding channel of decile, this measure one is simple in structure, as long as processing the passage of corresponding number according to demand, without
It needs to produce entire disk, each channel design is identical, can carry out unitized processing, and processing cost is low；Second is that original can be improved
There is the shortcomings that disc type, improve the stability and efficiency of power generation, extend the service life of generator, even if occurring in use
The damage of some expanding channel can be also continuing with, and easy to maintenance, and it is good that passage exchanges performance；It third, can be according to real space
It needs, is arranged by the splicing of fan-shaped expanding channel, form complete circle plate-like generator or fan-shaped plate-like generator carries out
Power generation, compared to existing only circular discoid generator, generator shape of the invention can be more flexible and changeable.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 2 is A-A profile structure diagram in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is single expanding channel structure diagram in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram of the embodiment of the present invention two.
Fig. 5 is B-B cross-section structure diagram in Fig. 4.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one
The Hall type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the whole rounded plate-like of generator, bag
It includes：Power channel, the toroidal magnet above and below power channel, the gaseous conductor access road 1 for being connected to power channel entrance,
It is connected to the gaseous conductor recovery approach 6 of power channel outlet；The inlet of power channel is equipped with positive electrode 2, power channel
Exit is equipped with negative electrode 4.
In the present embodiment, power channel forms circular ring shape side by side by 12 fan annular expansion passages 3；Positive electrode 2
It is identical with the quantity of expanding channel 3 and 12 pairs with 4 logarithm paired with each other of negative electrode；Each fan annular expansion passage 3 is
It is made of non-magnetic, non-conducting material (such as plastics or fiberglass).The section of each sector expanding channel is the square of gradual change
Shape.Gaseous conductor access road 1 and gaseous conductor recovery approach 6 are integral circular shape plate-likes, and gaseous conductor leads to from an entrance
Road 1 respectively enters 12 fan annular expansion passages 3, is then pooled to a conduction from 12 fan annular expansion passages 3 again
Gas recovery approach 6.
In the present embodiment, positive electrode 2 is located at the both sides up and down of the inlet of each fan-shaped expanding channel 3, negative electrode 4
The both sides up and down in power channel exit are expanded in each fan-shaped expanding channel 3
In the present embodiment, a pair of of the permanent magnet upper and lower positioned at power channel is whole circular ring shape plate-like.Wherein it is located at
For permanent magnet on power channel with S poles 5 towards power channel, the permanent magnet under power channel is logical towards power generation with N poles 7
Road.
In the present embodiment, the initiating terminal of the end of gaseous conductor access road and the gaseous conductor recovery approach is arc
Shape transition is flowed convenient for gaseous conductor.
In the present embodiment, the non-equilibrium of alkali metal containing seed is passed through in power channel (i.e. each fan-shaped expanding channel 3)
Plasma is as working medium.Working medium is flowed into from access road 1, along power channel radial cuts by permanent magnet S poles 5, permanent magnet N poles
High-intensity magnetic field caused by 7, so as to generate the faradic currents of the Hall current of radial direction and normal direction, by caused by radial current
Electrical potential difference generates electricity, and electrical equipment or load are attached between positive electrode 2 and negative electrode 4 and do work.
For theoretically, the more generating effects of channel number should be more apparent, but in practice because of fluid in each passage
Certain heat loss is had with channel wall friction, fan-shaped expanding channel number is more, and loss is also bigger, so generating efficiency
Can therefore it decline instead, so generating efficiency is, it is necessary to optimize the number of fan-shaped expanding channel, thus have in order to balance
Depending on the number of body sector expanding channel is by generated output size and cost of manufacture optimization, the 12 of the present embodiment is not limited to
It is a, but at least should be two.
Use the nonequilibrium plasma using alkali metal containing seed that high warm also can be selected as working medium in the present embodiment
The inert gas plasma of balance or local thermodynamic equilibrium is as working medium.Both can be with coal fired power generation machine cogeneration, it can also
Plasma electric power generation is generated using nuclear reactor heated inert gas.
Embodiment two
The Hall type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, generator integrally it is disc-shaped sector (120
Degree is fan-shaped), power channel forms fan annular (120 degree) side by side by four fan annular expansion passages 3, and permanent magnet is also in fan annular
(120 degree)；Other structures are identical with embodiment one, repeat no more.
The present invention is not limited to the specific technical solution of above-described embodiment, and in addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have
Other embodiment.Such as：1) generator integrally can also oval or irregular cycle, corresponding power channel can be in
Oval ring or irregular roundness annular；2) positive electrode 2 and negative electrode 4 can be exchanged in the entrance of power channel or outlet port；
3) section of fan-shaped expanding channel can also be the trapezoidal or other shapes of gradual change；4) the S poles of permanent magnet and N poles 7 are logical in power generation
The upper-lower position in road can exchange；5) permanent magnet can also be by two or more the secter pats corresponding with fan-shaped expanding channel simultaneously
Row is spliced to form circular ring shape or sector, and the quantity of secter pat is identical with the quantity of fan-shaped expanding channel；5) permanent magnet can also be by
Electromagnetic coil replaces；6) generator integrally can be spliced to form semi-circular shape, a quarter side by side by multiple fan-shaped expanding channels
Circular ring shape or 1/8th circular ring shapes；7) initiating terminal of the end of gaseous conductor access road and the gaseous conductor recovery approach
It can also be non-arc-shaped transition；8) gaseous conductor recovery approach 6 can also be divided into corresponding with fanning 3 quantity of annular expansion passage
It is multiple；Etc..It is all using equivalent substitution formed technical solution, be the present invention claims protection domain.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Hall type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator, opposite including power channel, a pair being respectively arranged on above and below the power channel
The conduction of the magnet of polarity, the gaseous conductor access road of the connection power channel entrance and the connection power channel outlet
Gas recovery approach；The inlet of the power channel is equipped with positive electrode paired with each other, and the exit of the power channel is set
There is negative electrode paired with each other；It is characterized in that：The power channel splices structure side by side by the fan-shaped expanding channel of two or more
Into；The logarithm of the yin, yang electrode is identical with the quantity of the fan-shaped expanding channel；The generator at work, the fan
Electromagnetic isolated is formed between shape expanding channel;The power channel is made of non-magnetic, non-conducting material；The fan-shaped expansion
The section of passage is the rectangle of gradual change;The disc-shaped circle of main body of the Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator, the power channel by two with
On fan-shaped expanding channel be spliced to form circular ring shape side by side.
2. Hall type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The positive electrode is located at the fan-shaped expansion
The both sides up and down of the inlet of Zhang Tongdao, the negative electrode is located at the both sides up and down in the fan-shaped expanding channel exit, described
Positive electrode and negative electrode connect load respectively.
3. Hall type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The end of the gaseous conductor access road
The initiating terminal of end and the gaseous conductor recovery approach is arc-shaped transition.
4. Hall type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The magnet is permanent magnet or electromagnetism
Circle.
5. Hall type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The gaseous conductor recovery approach segmentation
Into corresponding multiple with the fan-shaped expanding channel quantity.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610454858.4A CN106059244B (en) | 2016-06-21 | 2016-06-21 | A kind of Hall type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610454858.4A CN106059244B (en) | 2016-06-21 | 2016-06-21 | A kind of Hall type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator |
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| CN106059244B true CN106059244B (en) | 2018-06-05 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109217623B (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2024-03-08 | 广州大学 | Magnetic fluid driver and driving method thereof |
| CN110429792A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-11-08 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | A kind of split type disc type magnetohydrodynamic generator channel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5932355A (en) * | 1982-08-12 | 1984-02-21 | Toshiba Corp | Electromagnetic fluid generator |
| JPS5959065A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1984-04-04 | Toshiba Corp | Disc type mhd generator |
| JPH08223902A (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 1996-08-30 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Disk-shaped mhd generator |
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