CN106058477A - Microwave band dual-layer metal wire structural chirality super surface - Google Patents

Microwave band dual-layer metal wire structural chirality super surface Download PDF

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CN106058477A
CN106058477A CN201610311098.1A CN201610311098A CN106058477A CN 106058477 A CN106058477 A CN 106058477A CN 201610311098 A CN201610311098 A CN 201610311098A CN 106058477 A CN106058477 A CN 106058477A
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chiral
metasurface
metal wire
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CN106058477B (en
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肖君军
李美丽
刘真真
张强
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Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0086Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials

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Abstract

本发明涉及人工微结构电磁学与电磁超材料领域,是基于人工超表面和具有结构手征特性的微波器件的研究,尤其涉及一种微波段双层金属线结构手征超表面。本发明提供一种微波段双层金属线结构手征超表面,该超表面包含n个单元结构,其中n为大于等于2的整数,所述单元结构包括上层人工微结构、介质衬底以及下层人工微结构,所述单元结构具有四重旋转对称性,其包含四个基本元胞结构,每个基本元胞结构为双金属线天线。超表面整体体积很薄,非常适合应用于小体积集成电磁器件。可以实现很大频段内的纯净的旋光角,并且最大的转动角能达到125°,本发明除了上述的功能性有益效果还具备制作简单,成本较低,可简单采用PCB加工工艺进行制作。

The invention relates to the field of artificial microstructure electromagnetics and electromagnetic metamaterials, and is based on the research of artificial metasurfaces and microwave devices with structural chiral characteristics, and in particular relates to a chiral metasurface with a double-layer metal wire structure in the microwave segment. The invention provides a chiral metasurface with a double-layer metal wire structure in the microwave section, the metasurface includes n unit structures, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the unit structure includes an upper artificial microstructure, a dielectric substrate and a lower layer In the artificial microstructure, the unit structure has four-fold rotational symmetry, which includes four basic unit cell structures, and each basic unit unit structure is a double metal wire antenna. The overall volume of the metasurface is very thin, which is very suitable for application in small-volume integrated electromagnetic devices. The pure optical rotation angle in a large frequency band can be realized, and the maximum rotation angle can reach 125°. In addition to the above-mentioned functional beneficial effects, the present invention also has the advantages of simple production, low cost, and can be produced simply by using PCB processing technology.

Description

一种微波段双层金属线结构手征超表面A chiral metasurface with double-layer metal wire structure in the microwave segment

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及人工微结构电磁学与电磁超材料领域,是基于人工超表面和具有结构手征特性的微波器件的研究,尤其涉及一种微波段双层金属线结构手征超表面。The invention relates to the fields of artificial microstructure electromagnetics and electromagnetic metamaterials, and is based on the research of artificial metasurfaces and microwave devices with structural chiral characteristics, and in particular relates to a chiral metasurface with a double-layer metal wire structure in the microwave segment.

背景技术Background technique

手征结构缺乏镜像对振性,因此具有很好的光学活性,即电磁波经过手性介质后产生了旋光性。人工手征介质,旋光性是由结构手征引起的光学空间色散,与自然介质相比,人工手征介质具有更好的性能。对于人工手征超材料,两种圆偏振态的衰减是被打破的,即超材料对于左旋光和右旋光的折射率不同。为了更好的理解手性材料的本质特性,有三个量要分别定义一下。首先是光学活性,它是指入射波透过超表面后偏振面的转动角度,一般用旋光角来描述;其次是圆二色向性,它指超表面对于左旋入射光和右旋入射光的吸收是不同的;最后一个是椭圆度,表征透射波与入射波相比,偏振态的差异,例如,圆偏振光转换成椭圆偏振态。The chiral structure lacks mirror image pairing, so it has good optical activity, that is, the optical activity is generated after the electromagnetic wave passes through the chiral medium. In artificial chiral media, optical activity is the optical spatial dispersion caused by structural chirality. Compared with natural media, artificial chiral media have better performance. For artificial chiral metamaterials, the attenuation of the two circular polarization states is broken, that is, the metamaterials have different refractive indices for left-handed and right-handed light. In order to better understand the essential characteristics of chiral materials, there are three quantities that need to be defined separately. The first is optical activity, which refers to the rotation angle of the polarization plane of the incident wave after passing through the metasurface, which is generally described by the optical rotation angle; the second is circular dichroism, which refers to the metasurface’s left-handed and right-handed incident light. Absorption is different; the last one is ellipticity, which characterizes the difference in the polarization state of the transmitted wave compared to the incident wave, for example, circularly polarized light is converted to an elliptically polarized state.

Svirko等在2001年首先研究了双层平面手征金属微结构的耦合,从理论上预言了双层结构的强旋光性.Kwon等对工作波长在近红外的希腊十字形手征结构进行了模拟计算,得到了最大为90°的旋光角,随后又设计了在近红外波段具有负折射率的网状结构,而徐超等依据上述结构提出了三层手征网格结构,模拟结果显示该结构在可见光波段具有强的旋光性。最近,一些新的具有强旋光性和负折射率的双层手征结构被提出,如双层玫瑰结构、十字形结构、U形结构、L形结构以及扭转金属片结构等,在实验上也验证了双层平面手征结构可以得到强旋光性和圆极化波的负折射率。Svirko et al. first studied the coupling of bilayer planar chiral metal microstructures in 2001, and theoretically predicted the strong optical activity of the bilayer structure. Kwon et al. simulated the Greek cross chiral structure with operating wavelength in the near infrared Calculated, the maximum optical rotation angle of 90° was obtained, and then a network structure with negative refractive index in the near-infrared band was designed, and Xu Chao et al. proposed a three-layer chiral grid structure based on the above structure, and the simulation results showed that the The structure has strong optical activity in the visible light band. Recently, some new double-layer chiral structures with strong optical rotation and negative refractive index have been proposed, such as double-layer rosette structure, cross-shaped structure, U-shaped structure, L-shaped structure and twisted metal sheet structure, etc. It is verified that the bilayer planar chiral structure can obtain strong optical rotation and negative refractive index of circularly polarized waves.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有技术中存在的缺陷或不足,本发明所要解决的技术问题是:提供一种微波段双层金属线结构手征超表面,其基本结构是上下两层的金属线扭转了一定角度,打破旋转对称性引入手性。小心的设计金属线的几何尺寸和旋转角度,得到更加优化的光学活性和椭圆度。利用仿真模拟,计算左旋入射光(LCP)和右旋入射光(RCP)分别对应的透射系数和反射系数,并利用得到的透射系数和反射系数,反演计算了该结构的旋光角、圆二色性、椭圆度、手征参数等。为了深入了解电磁共振特性,我们还进一步观察了金属线的表面电流,在共振位置处,存在电场和磁场的交叉耦合。In view of the defects or deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a chiral metasurface with a double-layer metal wire structure in the microwave section, the basic structure of which is that the upper and lower layers of metal wires are twisted at a certain angle, Breaking rotational symmetry introduces chirality. Careful design of the geometric dimensions and rotation angles of the metal wires results in more optimized optical activity and ellipticity. Using simulation, calculate the transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient corresponding to the left-handed incident light (LCP) and right-handed incident light (RCP), and use the obtained transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient to inversely calculate the optical rotation angle and circle 2 of the structure. Chromaticity, ellipticity, chiral parameters, etc. In order to gain insight into the electromagnetic resonance properties, we have further observed the surface currents of the metal wires, where there is a cross-coupling of electric and magnetic fields at the resonance location.

为了实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为提供一种微波段双层金属线结构手征超表面,该超表面包含n个单元结构,其中n为大于等于2的整数,所述单元结构包括上层人工微结构、介质衬底以及下层人工微结构;所述单元结构具有四重旋转对称性,其包含四个基本元胞结构,每个基本元胞结构为双金属线天线。In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a chiral metasurface with a double-layer metal wire structure in the microwave segment, which contains n unit structures, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the unit structures include The artificial microstructure of the upper layer, the dielectric substrate and the artificial microstructure of the lower layer; the unit structure has four-fold rotational symmetry, which includes four basic unit cell structures, and each basic unit unit structure is a double metal wire antenna.

作为本发明的进一步改进,所述双金属天线在微波段2.4GHz厚度为0.1毫米,为超薄型贴片结构。As a further improvement of the present invention, the bimetallic antenna has a thickness of 0.1 mm in the microwave section of 2.4 GHz and is an ultra-thin patch structure.

作为本发明的进一步改进,所述基本元胞结构中每组金属线都偏转了特定角度,但是其延长线构成一个正方形。As a further improvement of the present invention, each group of metal wires in the basic cell structure is deflected at a specific angle, but its extension lines form a square.

作为本发明的进一步改进,所述金属线是两条尺寸完全相同的平行铜箔。As a further improvement of the present invention, the metal wires are two parallel copper foils with exactly the same size.

作为本发明的进一步改进,所述超表面的介质衬底材料为FR-4,其介电常数为:εr=4.3+0.025i。As a further improvement of the present invention, the dielectric substrate material of the metasurface is FR-4, and its dielectric constant is: ε r =4.3+0.025i.

作为本发明的进一步改进,在所述超表面中,上下两层人工微结构相同,下层微结构较之上层微结构比整体顺时针扭转了40°,引入了手征特性。As a further improvement of the present invention, in the metasurface, the artificial microstructures of the upper and lower layers are the same, and the microstructure of the lower layer is twisted clockwise by 40° compared with the microstructure of the upper layer, which introduces chiral characteristics.

作为本发明的进一步改进,所述超表面对于左旋波LCP和右旋波RCP的折射率不同。As a further improvement of the present invention, the metasurface has different refractive indices for left-handed LCP and right-handed RCP.

本发明的有益效果是:1.本发明提出的超表面,结构为超薄型贴片结构,其厚度在微波波段2-4GHz仅为0.1毫米。超表面整体体积很薄,非常适合应用于小体积集成电磁器件。2.本发明提出的超表面可以实现很大频段内的纯净的旋光角,并且最大的转动角能达到125°。3.本发明除了上述的功能性有益效果还具备制作简单,成本较低,可简单采用PCB加工工艺进行制作。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The metasurface proposed by the present invention has an ultra-thin patch structure, and its thickness is only 0.1 mm in the microwave band 2-4 GHz. The overall volume of the metasurface is very thin, which is very suitable for application in small-volume integrated electromagnetic devices. 2. The metasurface proposed by the present invention can realize pure optical rotation angle in a large frequency band, and the maximum rotation angle can reach 125°. 3. In addition to the above-mentioned functional beneficial effects, the present invention also has the advantages of simple production, low cost, and simple PCB processing technology for production.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的微波段双层双金属线结构超表面的单元结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the unit structure schematic diagram of the double-layer bimetal wire structure metasurface of the microwave section of the present invention;

图2是为左旋光与右旋光入射的透射谱与反射谱(其中-代表LCP;+代表RCP);Fig. 2 is the transmission spectrum and reflectance spectrum of left-handed light and right-handed light incident (wherein - represents LCP; + represents RCP);

图3是左旋光与右旋光入射的透射相位;Figure 3 is the transmission phase of left-handed light and right-handed light incident;

图4是旋光角和椭圆度随入射光频率变化图;Figure 4 is a diagram showing the variation of optical rotation angle and ellipticity with the frequency of incident light;

其中图1中1代表的相同颜色区为上层结构,2代表的相同颜色区为下层结构,1和2都是完美电导体(在低频微波频段可以为铜,铝,铁等金属);区域3为介质衬底区域。Among them, the same color area represented by 1 in Figure 1 is the upper layer structure, and the same color area represented by 2 is the lower layer structure, and both 1 and 2 are perfect electrical conductors (copper, aluminum, iron and other metals can be used in the low-frequency microwave frequency band); area 3 is the dielectric substrate area.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面结合附图说明及具体实施方式对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

如图1所示,本发明一种微波段双层金属线结构手征超表面,该超表面包含n个单元结构,其中n为大于等于2的整数,所述单元结构包括上层人工微结构、介质衬底以及下层人工微结构;所述单元结构具有四重旋转对称性,其包含四个基本元胞结构,每个基本元胞结构为双金属线天线。As shown in Figure 1, a chiral metasurface with a double-layer metal wire structure in the microwave section of the present invention, the metasurface includes n unit structures, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the unit structure includes an upper artificial microstructure, The dielectric substrate and the artificial microstructure of the lower layer; the unit structure has four-fold rotational symmetry, which includes four basic unit cell structures, and each basic unit unit structure is a double metal wire antenna.

所述双金属天线在微波段2.4GHz厚度为0.1毫米,为超薄型贴片结构。The bimetallic antenna has a thickness of 0.1 mm in the microwave section of 2.4 GHz and is an ultra-thin patch structure.

所述基本元胞结构中每组金属线都偏转了特定角度,但是其延长线构成一个正方形。Each group of metal wires in the basic cell structure is deflected at a specific angle, but its extensions form a square.

所述金属线是两条尺寸完全相同的平行铜箔。The metal wires are two parallel copper foils with exactly the same size.

所述超表面的介质衬底材料为FR-4,其介电常数为:εr=4.3+0.025i。The dielectric substrate material of the metasurface is FR-4, and its dielectric constant is: ε r =4.3+0.025i.

在所述超表面中,上下两层人工微结构相同,下层微结构较之上层微结构比整体顺时针扭转了40°,引入了手征特性。In the metasurface, the artificial microstructures of the upper and lower layers are the same, and the microstructure of the lower layer is rotated clockwise by 40° compared with the microstructure of the upper layer, which introduces chiral characteristics.

所述超表面对于左旋波LCP和右旋波RCP的折射率不同。The metasurface has different refractive indices for left-handed LCP and right-handed RCP.

设计的平面手征结构为周期性结构,每个单元结构如图1所示.它是由分布在介质层两面的双金属线构成,上层由四条依次旋转60°,150°,240°和330°的金属线按一定的位置排列,下层的每对金属线对应于上层金属线顺时针旋转40°的角度,如图1所示.具体结构参数如下:周期P=35*4mm,金属线的长度l=24.5mm,宽度w=3.5mm,介质层的厚度h=8.75mm。其中金属层为铜,介质层采用的是FR-4。对周期结构采用频域有限元方法进行模拟计算。平面波垂直于结构表面入射,垂直于波的传播方向上采用周期性边界条件。附图2是该超表面的LCP波和RCP波所对应的透射谱和反射谱(用DB表示),可以看出超表面对于LCP波和RCP波的透射是不同的。附图3是两者的透射相位。The designed planar chiral structure is a periodic structure, and the structure of each unit is shown in Figure 1. It is composed of double metal wires distributed on both sides of the dielectric layer, and the upper layer consists of four sequentially rotated 60°, 150°, 240° and 330° The metal wires of ° are arranged in a certain position, and each pair of metal wires of the lower layer corresponds to an angle of 40° clockwise rotation of the upper metal wires, as shown in Figure 1. The specific structural parameters are as follows: period P=35*4mm, the metal wires The length l=24.5mm, the width w=3.5mm, and the thickness h of the dielectric layer=8.75mm. The metal layer is copper, and the dielectric layer is FR-4. The periodic structure is simulated by the frequency domain finite element method. A plane wave is incident perpendicular to the surface of the structure, and periodic boundary conditions are used perpendicular to the propagation direction of the wave. Accompanying drawing 2 is the transmission spectrum and reflection spectrum corresponding to the LCP wave and RCP wave of this metasurface (expressed by DB), it can be seen that the transmission of the metasurface for LCP wave and RCP wave is different. Accompanying drawing 3 is the transmission phase of both.

平面手征结构的光学活性主要体现在结构的圆二色性和旋光角θ上,其中圆二色性表征的是手征介质中传播的RCP波与LCP波透射谱之间的差异;旋光角θ则指手征介质对入射光偏振面的旋转能力,其定义为:θ=[arg(T++)-arg(T--)]/2,椭圆度η=arctan[(T++-T--)/(T+++T--)],它们产生的机理是由于双层平面手征金属微结构之间的电磁耦合。附图4是计算的旋光角θ和椭圆度η随入射波频率变化。从图中可以看出:1.在很大的波段内(2GHz~2.85GHz和3.5GHz~4GHz),η≈0,即纯净的光学活性,此时,线偏振的入射波出射时仍是线偏振,只是偏转了θ角度。2.存在三个θ=0的频率,这说明可以在不扭转偏振面的前提下,超表面改变入射波的椭圆度。3.尤其图中圆圈标出的位置η≈45°,即这个频率的线偏振波入射时,可以得到圆偏振的出射波(或者相反)。4.θ很大,可以达到125°,大的旋光角可以轻易的产生负折射率。The optical activity of the planar chiral structure is mainly reflected in the circular dichroism of the structure and the optical rotation angle θ, where the circular dichroism characterizes the difference between the transmission spectrum of the RCP wave and the LCP wave propagating in the chiral medium; the optical rotation angle θ refers to the ability of the chiral medium to rotate the polarization plane of incident light, which is defined as: θ=[arg(T ++ )-arg(T -- )]/2, ellipticity η=arctan[(T ++ - T -- )/(T ++ +T -- )], the mechanism of their generation is due to the electromagnetic coupling between the bilayer planar chiral metal microstructures. Accompanying drawing 4 is the change of calculated optical rotation angle θ and ellipticity η with incident wave frequency. It can be seen from the figure: 1. In a large wave band (2GHz~2.85GHz and 3.5GHz~4GHz), η≈0, that is, pure optical activity. At this time, the incident wave of linear polarization is still linear when it exits. Polarization, just deflected by the angle θ. 2. There are three frequencies of θ=0, which means that the metasurface can change the ellipticity of the incident wave without twisting the polarization plane. 3. Especially the position η≈45° marked by the circle in the figure, that is, when a linearly polarized wave of this frequency is incident, a circularly polarized outgoing wave can be obtained (or vice versa). 4. θ is very large, up to 125°, and a large rotation angle can easily produce a negative refractive index.

以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be assumed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, some simple deduction or replacement can be made, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a microwave section double-level-metal line structure chiral surpasses surface, it is characterised in that: this super surface comprises n cellular construction, Wherein n is the integer more than or equal to 2, and described cellular construction includes that upper strata artificial micro-structure, dielectric substrate and lower floor are the most micro- Structure, described cellular construction has quadruple rotational symmetry, and it comprises four basic structure cells, and each basic structure cell is Bimetallic conductor antenna.
Microwave section double-level-metal line structure chiral the most according to claim 1 surpasses surface, it is characterised in that: described bimetallic Antenna is 0.1 millimeter at microwave section 2.4GHz thickness, for ultrathin paster structure.
Microwave section double-level-metal line structure chiral the most according to claim 1 surpasses surface, it is characterised in that: described unit substantially Born of the same parents' structure is often organized metal wire and has all deflected special angle, but its extended line constitutes a square.
Microwave section double-level-metal line structure chiral the most according to claim 3 surpasses surface, it is characterised in that: described metal wire It is two identical parallel Copper Foils of size.
Microwave section double-level-metal line structure chiral the most according to claim 1 surpasses surface, it is characterised in that: described super surface Dielectric substrate material be FR-4, its dielectric constant is:
Microwave section double-level-metal line structure chiral the most according to claim 1 surpasses surface, it is characterised in that: at described super table In face, upper and lower two-layer artificial micro-structure is identical, and lower floor's micro structure is more clockwise than entirety than upper strata micro structure has reversed 40 °, draws Enter chirality.
Microwave section double-level-metal line structure chiral the most according to claim 1 surpasses surface, it is characterised in that: described super surface Different with the refractive index of right hand wave RCP for left-handed wave LCP.
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