CN106058171A - Preparation method for tin-based negative electrode material of lithium-ion battery - Google Patents
Preparation method for tin-based negative electrode material of lithium-ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN106058171A CN106058171A CN201610385410.1A CN201610385410A CN106058171A CN 106058171 A CN106058171 A CN 106058171A CN 201610385410 A CN201610385410 A CN 201610385410A CN 106058171 A CN106058171 A CN 106058171A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/387—Tin or alloys based on tin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method for a tin-based negative electrode material of a lithium-ion battery. Tin powder is adopted as a core, a shell layer made of composite materials is formed by a mixture of an alloy compound of tin and metallic nickel and the nickel, and thus a core-shell structure in the tin-based negative electrode material of the lithium-ion battery is formed; and the outer surface of the core-shell structure is coated with a carbon layer. According to the method, rate performance is effectively improved by using carbon formed during a pyrolyzation process of organic resin, adopting a carbothermal reduction method, and introducing the alloy compound of tin and metallic nickel and the nickel, and the core-shell structure effectively suppresses volume expansion during charging and discharging processes of the tin powder. The carbon coating layer on the surface of the composite material is in the form of pyrolytic amorphous carbon, which, on the one hand, plays a role in isolating direct contact of the tin powder and electrolyte, and effectively avoids formation of an unstable SEI film on the surface of the tin powder, and on the other hand, also plays a role in suppressing the volume expansion of the tin powder during the charging and discharging processes while increasing electrical conductivity of the composite material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion battery negative, be specifically related to a kind of lithium ion battery tinbase negative pole material
The preparation method of material.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery has high energy density with it and excellent cycle performance has been widely used in notes
In the portable electric appts such as this computer, mobile phone, medical science microelectronic device.But, if to be applied to more wide
The problem that field the most large-scale fixed energies storage device and electric automobile yet suffer from much needing to solve.These problems include
Increase lithium ion battery energy density, the coupling strengthened between set of cells the most further, reduce declining of capacity in cyclic process
The safety that subtract, improves in work process, widen normal working temperature scope, the reliability of reinforcing material, reduce production cost
Deng.Now, generally believe that in the industry the important breakthrough in terms of lithium ion battery is to reform electrode material and anolyte portion,
Target is to find performance to be better than the substitute of current commercially use material and electricity that substitute is occurred in the course of the work
Chemical process is consistent with holding in the lithium ion battery principle used at present.Therefore, to lithium ion battery negative material
Research is necessary.
The most commercially use graphite negative electrodes material, has relatively low lithium embedding/deintercalation current potential, suitable reversible appearance
Amount and aboundresources, the advantage such as cheap, be more satisfactory lithium ion battery negative material.But its theoretical specific capacity is only
372mAh/g, thus limit the further raising of lithium ion battery specific energy, it is impossible to meet growing high-energy portable
The demand of formula portable power source.Meanwhile, when graphite is as negative material, during first charge-discharge, form one layer on its surface admittedly
Body dielectric film (SEI).Solid electrolyte film is the formation that react to each other such as electrolyte, negative material and lithium ion, irreversibly
Consume lithium ion, be the main factor forming irreversible capacity；It two is during Lithium-ion embeding, electrolyte
Easily being embedded in altogether during moving out with it, electrolyte is reduced, and the gaseous product of generation causes graphite flake layer to peel off, and especially exists
In electrolyte containing PC, graphite flake layer comes off new for formation interface, causes further SEI to be formed, and irreversible capacity increases, with
Time cyclical stability decline.Material with carbon element still exists as lithium ion battery negative material that charge/discharge capacity is low, first cycle not
Reversible loss is big, solvent molecule altogether intercalation and the shortcoming such as preparation cost is high, and these are also in terms of current Study on Li-ion batteries
The required key issue solved.
Metallic tin has the advantages such as high lithium storage content (994 mAh/g) and low lithium ion deintercalation platform voltage, is one
Plant the most potential non-carbon negative material.This kind of material has been carried out and has been studied widely by people in recent years, and achieves one
Fixed progress.But during reversible lithium storage, metallic tin volumetric expansion is notable, causes cycle performance to be deteriorated, and capacity is decayed rapidly,
Therefore, it is difficult to meet the requirement of large-scale production.To this end, by introducing the nonmetalloid such as carbon, by alloying or compound in the way of
Carry out stable metal stannum, slow down the volumetric expansion of stannum.Carbon can stop the direct contact between tin particles, the reunion of suppression tin particles and
Grow up, play the effect of cushion.
Summary of the invention
For above technical problem, the invention discloses the preparation method of a kind of tin-based negative electrode materials for lithium-ion battery, institute
Stating tin-based negative electrode materials for lithium-ion battery is the Tin Composite Material with nucleocapsid structure, can effectively overcome pure tin powder following
Problem during ring.
To this, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of tin-based negative electrode materials for lithium-ion battery, described lithium ion battery
Tin base cathode material is nucleocapsid structure, and described stratum nucleare is stannum, and intermediate layer is stannum and the alloy cpd of metallic nickel and the mixing of nickel
Thing, pyrolytic carbon is outermost layer.
This technical scheme, stannum is used to effectively raise high rate performance with the alloy cpd of metallic nickel and the introducing of nickel,
It effectively inhibits the volumetric expansion in glass putty charge and discharge process as the nucleocapsid structure of internal structure.And the carbon-coating of outer layer increases
Strong electric conductivity, simultaneously works as isolating the effect that glass putty directly contacts with electrolyte, moreover it is possible to glass putty in charge and discharge process
Restriction effect is played in volumetric expansion, substantially improves glass putty as lithium ion battery negative material circulation in charge and discharge process
Performance and high rate performance, make Tin Composite Material have circulation and the high rate performance of excellence.
A kind of preparation method of tin-based negative electrode materials for lithium-ion battery, concrete preparation process is as follows:
(1) prepare the compound water solution of the nickel that mole solubility is 0.1～3mol/L, then weigh a certain amount of glass putty and add molten
Liquid, is stirred continuously and obtains mixed solution；
(2) adding alkaline solution in mixed solution, nickel produces precipitation, obtains Ni (OH)2The mixing being attached to glass putty surface is molten
Liquid；
(3) step 2 prepared contains the mixed solution centrifugation of precipitation, drying, obtains Sn/Ni (OH)2Pressed powder；
(4) by Sn/Ni (OH)2Pressed powder joins in the ethanol solution of organic resin and stirs 1～2 hour, then exists
It is stirred continuously at 50～70 DEG C to being evaporated and obtains pressed powder；
(5) by above-mentioned pressed powder in a nitrogen atmosphere, with the heating rate of 5～20 DEG C/min, it is heated to 750-950 DEG C, and
Insulation 1～4h, is then cooled to room temperature；
(6) material obtained in step 5 pulverized and sieve, obtaining the particle diameter D50 powder body between 5～30 μm, i.e. this
Bright (Sn/Ni) C composite with nucleocapsid structure.
Wherein, in step (1), the mol ratio of stannum and nickel is n(Sn): n(Ni)=100:(1～5), the particle diameter of glass putty≤
50nm, the compound of nickel is one or more mixing in Nickel dichloride., nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate.
Wherein, the alkaline solution in step (2) is the one in sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, solubility be 0.1～
1mol/L, the amount of addition is n(OH-): n(Ni)=(2～2.2): 1..
Wherein, the drying temperature in step (3) is 40～60 DEG C, and the time is 12～24 hours.
Wherein, in step (4) organic resin be in epoxy resin, phenolic resin or furfural resin one or more,
Resin is m(resin with the weight ratio of glass putty): m(Sn)=(3～10): 100.
Use this technical scheme, utilize the carbon formed in organic resin pyrolytic process, use carbothermic method, by controlling
The temperature and time of thermal reduction so that the shell of nucleocapsid structure is made up of tin alloying compound and metal simple-substance, carbon source is pyrolysis
The polymer of rear formation amorphous carbon layer cladding.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the benefit that
First, use technical scheme, with glass putty as core, stannum and the alloy cpd of metallic nickel and the mixture group of nickel
Becoming the shell of composite, composition nucleocapsid structure within tin-based negative electrode materials for lithium-ion battery, outer surface is carbon-coating cladding, changes
It is apt to glass putty as lithium ion battery negative material cycle performance in charge and discharge process and high rate performance, has made tinbase composite wood
Material has circulation and the high rate performance of excellence；
Second, use technical scheme, prepare (Sn/Ni) C alloy composite material, Sn Yu Ni shape in composite
Outside the alloy cpd become, some elemental nickel exists, and composite be nucleocapsid structure and with glass putty as core, stannum
Shell is collectively constituted with alloy cpd and the nickel of metallic nickel.Stannum effectively carries with the alloy cpd of metallic nickel and the introducing of nickel
High high rate performance, nucleocapsid structure effectively inhibits the volumetric expansion in glass putty charge and discharge process.Meanwhile, close at (Sn/Ni) C
On the one hand the form of metal/composite material material with carbon-coated surface layer is the agraphitic carbon of pyrolysis, directly contacts glass putty with electrolyte and plays
The effect of isolation, is prevented effectively from the formation of glass putty surface instability SEI film, and on the other hand the carbon-coating on surface adds composite
Electric conductivity simultaneously the volumetric expansion of glass putty in charge and discharge process is also functioned to limit effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the gram volume circulation figure of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the gram volume circulation figure of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the preferably embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of tin-based negative electrode materials for lithium-ion battery, its preparation process is as follows:
(1) weighing Nickel dichloride. 2g, preparation solubility is the nickel chloride aqueous solution of 0.5mol/L, according to n(Sn): n(Ni)=100:5's
Ratio, adds the glass putty of 36.76g, is stirred continuously and obtains mixed solution；
(2) in above-mentioned mixed solution, it is slowly added to the ammonia spirit of 0.5mol/L, altogether 61.7ml, generates precipitation, obtain Ni
(OH)2It is attached to the mixed solution on glass putty surface；
(3) step 2 prepared contains the mixed solution centrifugation of precipitation, drying, obtains Sn/Ni (OH)2Pressed powder；
(4) weigh 2g phenolic resin and be dissolved in dehydrated alcohol, the pressed powder in adding step 3, after stirring 1～2 hour, then
It is stirred continuously at 50～70 DEG C to being evaporated and obtains pressed powder；
(5) by above-mentioned pressed powder in a nitrogen atmosphere, with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, it is heated to 800 DEG C, and is incubated 3h, so
After be cooled to room temperature；
(6) material obtained in step 5 pulverized and sieve, obtaining the particle diameter D50 powder body between 5～30 μm, i.e. this
Bright (Sn/Ni) C composite with nucleocapsid structure.
With obtained (Sn/Ni) C composite, PVDF, the mass ratio of conductive carbon black is that 85:10:5 is coated on Copper Foil
Middle as negative pole, using metal lithium sheet as to electrode, the hexafluoro phosphorus lithium of 1mol/L, as electrolyte, is assembled into button cell.Button
Formula battery can be seen that under the electric current density of 200mA/g discharge capacity reaches 745mAh/g first, and the capacity after 100 circulations is still
Having 655mAh/g, conservation rate is 87.9%, and cyclic curve figure is shown in accompanying drawing 1.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of tin-based negative electrode materials for lithium-ion battery, its preparation process is as follows:
(1) NiSO is weighed4·6H2O compound 10g, preparation solubility is the nickel chloride aqueous solution of 0.5mol/L, according to n(Sn): n
(Ni) ratio of=100:7, adds the glass putty of 64.67g, is stirred continuously and obtains mixed solution；
(2) in above-mentioned mixed solution, it is slowly added to the sodium hydroxide solution of 1mol/L, altogether 78ml, generates precipitation, obtain Ni
(OH)2It is attached to the mixed solution on glass putty surface；
(3) step 2 prepared contains the mixed solution centrifugation of precipitation, drying, obtains Sn/Ni (OH)2Pressed powder；
(4) weigh 5g epoxy resin and be dissolved in dehydrated alcohol, the pressed powder in adding step 3, after stirring 1～2 hour, then
It is stirred continuously at 50～70 DEG C to being evaporated and obtains pressed powder；
(5) by above-mentioned pressed powder in a nitrogen atmosphere, with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, it is heated to 900 DEG C, and is incubated 3h,
Then room temperature it is cooled to；
(6) material obtained in step 5 pulverized and sieve, obtaining the particle diameter D50 powder body between 5～30 μm, i.e. this
Bright (Sn/Ni) C composite with nucleocapsid structure.
With obtained (Sn/Ni) C composite, PVDF, the mass ratio of conductive carbon black is that 85:10:5 is coated on Copper Foil
Middle as negative pole, using metal lithium sheet as to electrode, the hexafluoro phosphorus lithium of 1mol/L, as electrolyte, is assembled into button cell.Button
Formula battery under the electric current density of 200mA/g first discharge capacity reach 706mAh/g, 100 times circulation after capacity still have
569mAh/g, conservation rate is 81.1%, and cyclic curve figure is shown in accompanying drawing 2.
The ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantages of the present invention have more than been shown and described.The technology of the industry
Personnel, it should be appreciated that the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments, simply illustrating this described in above-described embodiment and description
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these become
Change and improvement both falls within scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the present invention by appending claims and
Its equivalent defines.
Claims (5)
1. a preparation method for tin-based negative electrode materials for lithium-ion battery, its feature comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare the compound water solution of the nickel that mole solubility is 0.1～3mol/L, then weigh a certain amount of glass putty and add molten
Liquid, is stirred continuously and obtains mixed solution；
(2) adding alkaline solution in mixed solution, nickel produces precipitation, obtains Ni (OH)2The mixing being attached to glass putty surface is molten
Liquid；
(3) step 2 prepared contains the mixed solution centrifugation of precipitation, drying, obtains Sn/Ni (OH)2Pressed powder；
(4) by Sn/Ni (OH)2Pressed powder joins in the ethanol solution of organic resin and stirs 1～2 hour, then 50
～be stirred continuously at 70 DEG C to being evaporated and obtain pressed powder；
(5) by above-mentioned pressed powder in a nitrogen atmosphere, with the heating rate of 5～20 DEG C/min, it is heated to 750-950 DEG C, and
Insulation 1～4h, is then cooled to room temperature；
(6) material obtained in step 5 pulverized and sieve, obtaining the particle diameter D50 powder body between 5～30 μm, i.e. this
Bright (Sn/Ni) C composite with nucleocapsid structure.
2., according to the preparation method of a kind of tin-based negative electrode materials for lithium-ion battery described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: step
(1) in, the mol ratio of stannum and nickel is n(Sn): n(Ni)=100:(1～5), the particle diameter≤50nm of glass putty, the compound of nickel is chlorination
One or more mixing in nickel, nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate.
3., according to the preparation method of a kind of tin-based negative electrode materials for lithium-ion battery described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: step
(2) alkaline solution in is the one in sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, and solubility is 0.1～1mol/L, and the amount of addition is n
(OH-): n(Ni)=(2～2.2): 1.
4., according to the preparation method of a kind of tin-based negative electrode materials for lithium-ion battery described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: step
(3) the drying temperature in is 40～60 DEG C, and the time is 12～24 hours.
5., according to the preparation method of a kind of tin-based negative electrode materials for lithium-ion battery described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: step
(4) during in, organic resin is epoxy resin, phenolic resin or furfural resin one or more, the weight ratio of resin and glass putty
For m(resin): m(Sn)=(3～10): 100.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108206285A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-06-26 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | A kind of nanometer tin negative pole material of compound coating and its preparation method and application |
| CN109273690A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-25 | 天津师范大学 | A kind of method of synthesizing lithium ion battery high-capacity cathode material |
-
2016
- 2016-06-03 CN CN201610385410.1A patent/CN106058171A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108206285A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-06-26 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | A kind of nanometer tin negative pole material of compound coating and its preparation method and application |
| US11362328B2 (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2022-06-14 | Institute Of Physics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Composite-coated nano-tin negative electrode material and preparation method and use thereof |
| CN109273690A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-25 | 天津师范大学 | A kind of method of synthesizing lithium ion battery high-capacity cathode material |
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