CN106053987B - A kind of quick island detection method of multi-inverter type micro-capacitance sensor - Google Patents
A kind of quick island detection method of multi-inverter type micro-capacitance sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of quick island detection method suitable for multi-inverter type micro-capacitance sensor, this method is measuring voltage effective value V at PCC in real timePCCAnd its on the basis of frequency and load reactive power, by comparing voltage measuring value and voltage rating under normal circumstances, the size cases of frequency and its rated value 50Hz, take the idle control strategies of corresponding IBDG;When carrying out isolated island judgement, predeterminated voltage threshold value and frequency threshold value first, and by VPCCIt is compared with voltage threshold value, if exceeding voltage threshold value, is directly determined as island state, terminate the isolated island detection of epicycle;Otherwise, measured frequency f is compared with frequency threshold value, if exceeding frequency threshold value, is determined as island state.Isolated island check frequency is not present in the present invention, has versatility, is not only suitable for the IBDG of unity power factor operation, is also applied for the IBDG of non-unity power factor operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the protection of electric system micro-capacitance sensor and control fields, for the unplanned isolated island of micro-capacitance sensor being likely to occur
A kind of problem, it is proposed that quick island detection method suitable for multi-inverter type micro-capacitance sensor.
Background technology
The generation of the unplanned islet operation of micro-capacitance sensor has contingency and uncertainty.When due to maloperation, system generation
When failure and other reasons cause point of common coupling or its upstream circuit breaker trip, distributed generation resource possibly can not be examined in time in micro-capacitance sensor
Micro-capacitance sensor is measured to disconnect with system and continue to remain operational.At this point, the unplanned islet operation of micro-capacitance sensor may give electricity
The safe and stable operation of Force system brings a series of problems, such as unsuccessful reclosing, prepared auto restart time lengthening even failure, isolated island
Power quality deterioration etc. in system, while can also endanger the personal safety of operation maintenance personnel.In order to ensure the reliability of power supply and steady
Qualitative, American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) relevant criterion, China's national standard and grid company company standard are wanted
Distributed generation resource (DG) is asked to have the function of that anti-isolated island protection, i.e. DG are able to detect that unplanned island operation state and exit fortune
Row.Therefore, unplanned island detection method is the core technology of anti-isolated island protection.
Existing unplanned island detection method includes that on off state monitoring method, passive detection method and active detecting method three are big
Class:1) on off state monitoring method is that the folding condition of distribution net side breaker is sent to DG to judge micro- electricity based on mechanics of communication
The operational mode of net, this method is not present check frequency, nor affects on power quality, but the implementation of this method is complex,
Economy is also poor, and when communication network breaks down, and this method also fails therewith;2) passive detection method is by detecting electricity
Whether the basic electrical quantity such as pressure, phase, frequency and its change rate is allowing to judge that isolated island, this method will not within variation range
System power quality is impacted, but there are larger check frequencies, are usually used cooperatively with active detecting method;3) it actively examines
Survey method usually injects disturbing signal in the control signal of DG, and related electric amount after by positive feedback link isolated island being occurred
Beyond threshold value, to judge isolated island, this method can reduce or even eliminate check frequency, but also be caused simultaneously to power quality
Certain influence, and since the disturbing signal in multiple DG can not ensure to synchronize, it has been greatly reduced the reliable of isolated island detection
Property.
Currently, the DG being linked into low voltage electric network be mainly photovoltaic generating system, permanent magnet direct-drive wind power generation system with
And the inverse distributed powers such as generation system of micro turbine (IBDG).To fast implement the detection of micro-capacitance sensor isolated island, application
People is it is proposed that a kind of micro-grid island detection method[1], this method by compare grid entry point voltage virtual value and rated value, adopt
Corresponding idle control strategy is taken, when isolated island occurs, system frequency will exceed threshold value, to judge isolated island.For how inverse
Become type micro-capacitance sensor, when multiple IBDG are grid-connected by the same PCC, the above method can effectively realize that isolated island detects.However,
When the grid entry point position difference of multiple IBDG, the distance between especially different grid entry points are farther out and between two grid entry points
Circuit on the power that transmits it is larger in the case of, in case of unplanned isolated island, then the grid entry point voltage of different location IBDG
Value may be respectively above and below load voltage value, and reactive disturbance will cancel out each other, and can not ensure the effective of isolated island detection
Property.
[1] a kind of micro-grid island detection methods of Li Yongli, Chen Xiao dragon authorize patent of invention, patent authorization number:
ZL201210319516.3, license day:2014.10.15
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of based on adaptive reactive disturbance, applicable
In the quick island detection method of multi-inverter type micro-capacitance sensor.The present invention substantive distinguishing features be:1) it is blind that isolated island detection is not present
Area;2) there is versatility, be not only suitable for the IBDG of unity power factor operation, be also applied for the IBDG of non-unity power factor operation;
It is 3) adaptive to adjust reactive disturbance slope according to the situation of change of the measured value and frequency measurement of voltage at PCC and its frequency,
The reactive disturbance of IBDG when system is normally incorporated into the power networks is reduced, while also shortening isolated island detection time;4) when in micro-capacitance sensor
When containing multiple IBDG, without communicating the synchronism it is ensured that reactive disturbance, to ensure reliability of islanding detection and have
Effect property, it is simple and practicable.Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of quick island detection method suitable for multi-inverter type micro-capacitance sensor, this method are measuring electricity at PCC in real time
It is pressed with valid value VPCCAnd its frequency f and load reactive power QloadOn the basis of, by comparing voltage measuring value VPCCWith positive reason
Voltage rating V under conditionN, frequency f and its rated value 50Hz size cases, take the idle control strategies of corresponding IBDG:
It 1), need to be according to V when f is greater than or equal to 50HzPCCAnd VNComparison result determines the idle reference values of IBDG;If VPCCGreatly
In or equal to VN, then the reactive power that IBDG is exported, which is arranged, isOtherwise,
The reactive power that IBDG outputs are arranged is QDG=-k1(f-49.2)+QLoad;
2) when f is less than 50Hz, also according to VPCCAnd VNComparison result determines the idle reference values of IBDG;If VPCCIt is more than or waits
In VN, then the reactive power that IBDG outputs are arranged is QDG=-k1(f-50.6)+QLoad;Otherwise, the idle work(that setting IBDG is exported
Rate is
In formula, k1And k2For regulated variable in idle control strategy, value is positive number;In addition, the size according to f is adaptive
K should be changed1Value, setting are as follows:
In formula, PDGFor DG output active power, when system frequency f meet | f-50 |>When 0.1Hz, if in certain time
Interior frequency is without departing from frequency threshold value, then k1Still it is taken as 0.01PDG;
When carrying out isolated island judgement, predeterminated voltage threshold value and frequency threshold value first, and by VPCCWith voltage threshold value into
Row compares, if exceeding voltage threshold value, is directly determined as island state, terminates the isolated island detection of epicycle;It otherwise, will be measured
Frequency f be compared with frequency threshold value, if exceed frequency threshold value, be determined as island state.
Fast and effeciently to realize that multi-inverter type micro-capacitance sensor isolated island detects, the present invention is equal with different location IBDG measured values
Foundation of the identical frequency as perturbation direction proposes the quick island detection method of adaptively changing reactive disturbance slope.With
The prior art is compared, and the good effect that this method can be generated is:First, the present invention has versatility, is not only suitable for whole power
The IBDG of factor operation is also applied for the IBDG for the local non-unity power factor operation for loading while providing reactive-load compensation;Its
Secondary, the present invention ensure that reactive disturbance smaller when normal operation, reduced to electricity by adaptively changing reactive disturbance slope
The influence of energy quality shortens detection time, and isolated island check frequency is not present;Again, when micro-grid connection is run, this
Invention carries out reactive-load compensation according to system voltage state, can improve grid entry point quality of voltage;Finally, the present invention is suitable for containing
The micro-capacitance sensor of multiple IBDG, each IBDG is using the size of system frequency as the foundation for changing reactive disturbance slope, without logical
It can be exported simultaneously under the premise of letter so that the reactive disturbance that system frequency increases or reduces, ensure that reliability of islanding detection
And validity.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is standard isolated island test system main circuit topology figure, wherein (a) is the pattern that is incorporated into the power networks, it is (b) islet operation
Pattern;
Fig. 2 is the PQ decoupling control block diagrams of IBDG;
Fig. 3 is the Q-f curves (active-power P of load consumption of loadLoad=200kW, power factor 0.9);
Fig. 4 is the Q-f curves (P of load and IBDG when IBDG unity power factors are runDG=200kW, loaded quality factor Qf
=2.5);
Fig. 5 is the flow chart that carries suitable for the quick island detection method of multi-inverter type micro-capacitance sensor.
Specific implementation mode
It is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment and with reference to attached drawing to the technical solution of the invention.
The present invention changes the slope for being applied to reactive disturbance on IBDG according to the size adaptation of system frequency, provides one
Quick island detection method of the kind suitable for multi-inverter type micro-capacitance sensor.Isolated island check frequency is not present in this method, can reduce
Reactive disturbance when normal operation, to reduce the influence to power quality, while suitable for unity power factor operation and non-
Unity power factor operation IBDG, and each IBDG without communication, only by local information it is ensured that reactive disturbance it is same
Step property, to ensure that reliability of islanding detection and validity.
1. for the isolated island test system and PQ decoupling control policies of IBDG
According to the difference of the method for operation, distributed generation resource can be generally divided into tradition rotation type DG and IBDG.Wherein,
IBDG is in parallel with power grid by power electronic equipment, is the principal mode that current DG is incorporated to power distribution network, IEEE Std.929-2000
It is as shown in Figure 1 with the standard isolated island of distributed generation resource specified in IEEE Std.1547-2003 and gird-connected inverter test system
[1,2].Under the pattern of being incorporated into the power networks, IBDG is connected by point of common coupling (PCC) with power distribution network, while providing work(for load
Rate, load consumption the active and idle equiva lent impedance with load between relational expression be respectively:
In formula, VPCCFor the voltage at PCC, f is the frequency of voltage at PCC, PLoadAnd PDGRespectively load consumption is active
The active power of power and DG outputs, QLoadAnd QDGThe respectively reactive power of the reactive power of load consumption and DG outputs, R, L
It is respectively the resistance, inductance and capacitance of equivalent load with C.It switchs shown in Fig. 1 when opening, IBDG and load form orphan
Island, electric energy needed for load are provided by IBDG completely.When unplanned isolated island occurs, if the power that IBDG is provided is equal or close to
Load consumes required power, then voltage and frequency will be within normal operation allowable ranges at PCC, passive detection method mistake
Pressure/under-voltage method (OVP/UVP) and overfrequency/under-frequency method (OFP/UFP) will be unable to detect the generation of unplanned isolated island, hence into
Check frequency.
Based on instantaneous power theory, IBDG uses PQ decoupling control policies, so as to by by IBDG without power control
System strategy realizes quick isolated island detection.The control block diagram of PQ decoupling control policies is as shown in Fig. 2, including phaselocked loop, power outer shroud
With current inner loop [3,4].By introducing the three-phase voltage at PCC, phaselocked loop can provide the voltage for realizing synchronous Park Transformation
Phase angle, and the frequency of voltage at PCC can be calculated.It, will by one group of proportional integration (PI) adjuster in power outer shroud
Error between active and idle reference value and actual power is modulated to active and idle point of inverter output current respectively
The reference value of amount.Current inner loop then by feed-forward control algorithm, is realized to the active and reactive component of inverter output current
Decoupling control.The active power of inverter output and the formula of reactive power are as follows:
In formula, idAnd iqThe respectively active and reactive component of DG output currents, udFor the d axis components of grid entry point voltage.By
Above-mentioned two formula may be implemented active and idle to its it is found that by active and reactive component the adjusting to output current
Independent control, and reach set value and power reference PrefAnd Qref[4,5]。
The source of involved bibliography is as follows in above-mentioned paragraph:
[1]IEEE Standard 929-2000.IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility
Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems, 2000.
[2]IEEE Standard 1547-2003.IEEE Standard for Interconnecting
Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems, 2003.
[3] Tian little He, light store up the control and protection of hybrid system:[master thesis], Tianjin:University Of Tianjin, 2011.
[4]Zeineldin H.H.A Q-f droop curve for facilitating islanding
detection of inverter-based distributed generation.IEEE Transactions on Power
Electronics,2009,24(3):665-673.
[5]Schauder C,Mehta H.Vector analysis and control of advanced static
VAR compensators.IEE Proceedings C–Generation,Transmission and Distribution,
1993,15(3):299-306.
2. the quick island detection method suitable for multi-inverter type micro-capacitance sensor
IBDG based on PQ decoupling controls can be run with unity power factor or non-unity power factor.Under normal conditions,
IBDG exports idle reference value QrefIt is set as zero, i.e. IBDG is run according to unity power factor, inverse to improve to greatest extent
Become the operational efficiency of device.However, when reactive load demand is big at PCC or reactive power fluctuation, grid-connected place's voltage will be by serious
It influences.Therefore, reactive-load compensation is carried out to load by IBDG, power distribution network can be reduced, idle, raising is provided to load at PCC
The power factor of load, at the same reduce conveying it is idle caused by voltage landing and transmission loss.
When unplanned isolated island occurs, no matter IBDG is run according to unity power factor is transported also according to non-unity power factor
Row, if its power for providing consumes required power equal or close to load, voltage and frequency will transported normally at PCC
Within row allowable range, OVP/UVP and OFP/UFP will be unable to detect the generation of unplanned isolated island, blind hence into detecting
Area.In addition, if IBDG carries out reactive-load compensation to load, idle mismatch degree after isolated island is reduced, has added inspection to increase
Survey blind area.
For realize isolated island detection, although proactive by introduce disturbance can reduce or even eliminate isolated island detect it is blind
Area, but when it is applied in the micro-capacitance sensor containing multiple IBDG, existing major part proactive can not ensure disturbance
Synchronism, so as to cannot achieve isolated island detection.Therefore, it is necessary to explore a kind of suitable for fast containing multiple IBDG micro-capacitance sensors
Fast island detection method, the IBDG not only run to unity power factor and non-unity power factor have versatility, can eliminate inspection
Blind area is surveyed, disturbance small as possible is introduced in system normal operation, and can only pass through this under the premise of not by communication
Ground information is it is ensured that the synchronism disturbed in multiple IBDG, to ensure its reliability and validity.
No matter normal operation or unplanned isolated island occur, and the idle of load consumption meets formula (2), and convolution (1),
It can further arrange as following formula:
If system frequency is 50Hz, the active power of RLC load consumptions is 200kW, and the power factor loaded is
0.9, then relational graph (the Q-f curves loaded) is as shown in Figure 3 between the reactive power and system frequency that load.From the figure 3, it may be seen that
Near the frequency range of system normal operation (normal operation range of 49.3Hz~50.5Hz and its near), load is idle with
The relational graph approximately linear of system frequency, and load and idle reduce with the increase of frequency.
After the generation of unplanned isolated island, the IBDG for unity power factor operation is in the case of no reactive disturbance
The resonant frequency value that the frequency values of system will be loaded eventually equal to.If at this time IBDG and load between active matching, it is idle not
Relationship between matching and frequency shift (FS) meets following formula:
In formula, fiSystem frequency after occurring for isolated island.It is for the IBDG of non-unity power factor operation, then active and idle
Mismatch can cause frequency shift (FS), relationship to meet following formula respectively:
By formula (7) it is found that unplanned isolated island occur after, if IBDG provide it is active and idle respectively be simultaneously greater than or simultaneously
When required less than load active and idle, active and idle mismatch will cause frequency to change towards different directions, to reduce
Isolated island detection speed, even into isolated island check frequency.Therefore, the idle control strategy that IBDG is taken should be as possible so that have
Work(and idle mismatch cause frequency to increase or reduce simultaneously, to realize that quick isolated island detects.
To eliminate isolated island check frequency, idle mismatch needs the permanent presence in frequency allowable range, the i.e. Q-f of IBDG bent
There are deviations within frequency allowable range between line and the Q-f curves of load.In addition, no matter system normal operation or occurring
Unplanned isolated island, the system frequency that the IBDG of different location is measured is identical.Therefore, under the premise of not by communication,
For ensure different location IBDG according only to local information it is ensured that the synchronism of reactive disturbance, then need with system frequency value
As disturbance criterion.To sum up, the idle control strategy of IBDG is designed as:
A. when the frequency f of voltage is greater than or equal to 50Hz at PCC
QDG=-k1(f-49.2)+QLoad (8)
B. when the frequency f of voltage is less than 50Hz at PCC
QDG=-k1(f-50.6)+QLoad (9)
In formula, k1For regulated variable in idle control strategy, value is positive number.In addition, k1It can be adaptive according to the size of f
Value should be changed, specific setting is as follows:
In formula, PDGFor the active power of DG outputs.k1Adaptive change, isolated island detection speed can be accelerated.In addition, needing
It is noted that when system frequency f meets | f-50 |>When 0.1Hz, if frequency is without departing from threshold value, k in 1s1Still take
For 0.01PDG, reactive disturbance is excessive when this setting can avoid system that short time disturbance occurs, and the safety to ensure system is steady
Fixed operation.
It, can be into one according to formula (7) if analysis is it is found that active consistent with frequency shift (FS) direction caused by idle mismatch
Step improves isolated island detection speed.In addition, in the case that grid-connected, when voltage is higher at PCC, if IBDG send out it is idle be less than it is negative
Carry idle, then power distribution network provides idle to load, enables to PCC at voltage reduction;At PCC when low voltage, if IBDG
What is sent out is idle idle more than loading, then idle to power distribution network input, so that voltage restores at PCC.I.e. in grid-connected situation
Under, the idle control strategy of IBDG enables to IBDG to be equivalent to reactive power compensator, improves quality of voltage at PCC.The present invention
The primary goal of the carried idle control strategies of IBDG is to realize the quick isolated island detection containing multiple IBDG micro-capacitance sensors, is realizing the mesh
Quality of voltage regulatory function can be taken into account on the basis of target, and aforementioned idle control strategy is further improved as follows:
A. the frequency f of voltage is greater than or equal to 50Hz, and voltage V at PCCPCCMore than or equal to VNWhen
B. the frequency f of voltage is greater than or equal to 50Hz, and voltage V at PCCPCCLess than VNWhen
QDG=-k1(f-49.2)+QLoad (12)
C. the frequency f of voltage is less than 50Hz, and voltage V at PCCPCCMore than or equal to VNWhen
QDG=-k1(f-50.6)+QLoad (13)
D. the frequency f of voltage is less than 50Hz, and voltage V at PCCPCCLess than VNWhen
According to above-mentioned idle control strategy, it can not only realize that dynamic improves by dynamic passive compensation in the case that grid-connected
Quality of voltage at PCC, and mismatch active when isolated island generation can further increase idle mismatch, to further
Improve isolated island detection speed.
After unplanned isolated island occurs, active mismatch can also cause the variation of voltage at PCC between IBDG and load,
Although there is blind area in OVP/UVP methods, but when active mismatched degree is sufficiently large, can directly judge isolated island.Cause
This, the in summary idle control strategies of IBDG and OVP/UVP methods, OFP/UFP methods, formed it is as shown in Figure 5 do not depend on communication,
Quick island detection method suitable for multi-inverter type micro-capacitance sensor.The program the specific steps are:
The first step:Voltage effective value V at PCC is measured in real timePCC, frequency f and the idle Q of loadload。
Second step:By VPCCWith in f and passive detection method OVP/UVP and OFP/UFP method voltage and frequency threshold value carry out
Compare.If exceeding threshold value, directly it is determined as island state;Otherwise, it is transferred in next step.
Third walks:According to VPCCThe idle reference values of IBDG are set with the value of f, and are transferred to the first step.
It should be noted that above-mentioned voltage and frequency threshold value are referred to passive detection method OVP/UVP and OFP/UFP method
In threshold value set.
The above-mentioned quick island detection method suitable for multi-inverter type micro-capacitance sensor, according to system frequency value adaptively changing
Reactive disturbance slope reduces reactive disturbance amount when system normal operation.This method can ensure to run model in normal frequency
Enclosing interior perseverance, there are idle mismatches, therefore check frequency is not present.In addition, the IBDG of different location is able to detect that identical system
It unites frequency, the synchronism of disturbance is to ensure that under the premise of not depending on communication, to ensure that the reliability of detection method
And validity.Meanwhile the present invention has versatility, is not only suitable for the IBDG of unity power factor operation, is also applied for being local negative
Lotus provides the IBDG of reactive-load compensation.The present invention also has certain quality of voltage regulating power.
The above content is only the embodiment of the present invention, and purpose is not intended to system and method proposed by the invention
Limitation, protection scope of the present invention are subject to claim.Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, this field
Technical staff without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention, it is carried out about the various aobvious of form and details and
The modification or variation being clear to should all be fallen within the scope and spirit of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of quick island detection method suitable for multi-inverter type micro-capacitance sensor, this method is measuring voltage at PCC in real time
Virtual value VPCCAnd its frequency f and load reactive power QloadOn the basis of, by comparing voltage measuring value VPCCWith normal condition
Lower voltage rating VN, frequency f and its rated value 50Hz size cases, take the idle control strategies of corresponding IBDG:
It 1), need to be according to V when f is greater than or equal to 50HzPCCAnd VNComparison result determines the idle reference values of IBDG;If VPCCBe more than or
Equal to VN, then the reactive power that IBDG is exported, which is arranged, isOtherwise, it is arranged
The reactive power of IBDG outputs is QDG=-k1(f-49.2)+QLoad;
2) when f is less than 50Hz, also according to VPCCAnd VNComparison result determines the idle reference values of IBDG;If VPCCMore than or equal to VN,
The reactive power that IBDG outputs are then arranged is QDG=-k1(f-50.6)+QLoad;Otherwise, the reactive power of setting IBDG outputs is
In formula, k1And k2For regulated variable in idle control strategy, value is positive number;In addition, the size adaptation according to f changes
Become k1Value, setting are as follows:
In formula, PDGFor IBDG output active power, when system frequency f meet | f-50 |>When 0.1Hz, if within a certain period of time
Frequency is without departing from frequency threshold value, then k1Still it is taken as 0.01PDG;
When carrying out isolated island judgement, predeterminated voltage threshold value and frequency threshold value first, and by VPCCCompared with voltage threshold value
Compared with, if exceed voltage threshold value, be directly determined as island state, terminate epicycle isolated island detection;Otherwise, by measured frequency
Rate f is compared with frequency threshold value, if exceeding frequency threshold value, is determined as island state.
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