CN106053553A - Water quality monitor - Google Patents

Water quality monitor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106053553A
CN106053553A CN201610593451.XA CN201610593451A CN106053553A CN 106053553 A CN106053553 A CN 106053553A CN 201610593451 A CN201610593451 A CN 201610593451A CN 106053553 A CN106053553 A CN 106053553A
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China
Prior art keywords
water quality
chip microcomputer
conductivity
temperature
water
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CN201610593451.XA
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张彩霞
郭静
王向东
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Foshan University
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Foshan University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/20Investigating the presence of flaws
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/06Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
    • G01N27/08Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid which is flowing continuously
    • G01N27/10Investigation or analysis specially adapted for controlling or monitoring operations or for signalling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

A water quality monitor is characterized by comprising a single-chip microcomputer, a measuring circuit, a temperature sensor and a display device. The measuring circuit is provided with a pair of fixed-distance electrodes and used for detecting conductivity. The conductivity output electric signal of the measuring circuit is connected with the current electric signal input of the single-chip microcomputer. The temperature electric signal output of the temperature sensor is connected with the temperature electric signal input of the single-chip microcomputer. The water quality electric signal output of the single-chip microcomputer is connected with the display device. During detection, the conductivity of water is detected first, the dissolved solid content in the water is calculated according to the conductivity, and the water quality can be obtained according to the dissolved solid content in the water. Compared with the prior art, the water quality monitor has the advantage that the water quality monitor can accurately detect the water quality in real time, so that people can take corresponding measures timely according to the detected water quality data.

Description

A kind of water quality monitor
Technical field: the present invention relates to a kind of technology detecting water quality.
Background technology:
China's area widely occupy third place in the world, and therewith obtained by be that gross amount of water resources is big, account for world's total runoff money The 6% of source, but the water resources ownership per capita that this fundamental realities of the country of large population base makes China is low, is only equal to world standard 1/4, China can say it is the nervous country of genuine water resource.It addition, because China's monsoon climate is prevailing, water resource time Space division cloth differs greatly, southern many floods, and how arid the north is, consequently, it is possible to water resource is just particularly important.But, with Rapid development of economy in the last hundred years, the Water Environment Status quo of China also goes from bad to worse, and prospect allows people worry.Water for industrial use and life Applying flexibly water with regard to universal phenomena such as direct discharges, does not makes China's water resource pollution serious with further process through detection.Warp Developing rapidly of Ji brings the consequence that environment is destroyed, relative, and environment is destroyed governs again expanding economy.Therefore, China's sustainable development to be realized, Environment control is the most important thing.
In terms of industrial development, we to carry out certain detection and process to water for industrial use, could it be emitted; In terms of domestic water, people followed by social development and growth in the living standard constantly for the water quality requirement of drinking water Improve.Therefore, water quality is monitored and analyzed, just can better control over pollution, allow people can drink clean relieved water. And for a long time, water quality detection many employings spot sampling of China, lab analysis data, the means such as manual drawing chart, this The sample not only working cycle is long, and step is complicated, and data process slow, and transmission not in time, and can not realize detecting in real time, causes Can not make a response in time because of can not get the data that detect in real time.
Summary of the invention:
The goal of the invention of the present invention is that providing a kind of can the most accurately detect water quality, in order to people can be according to detection in real time Water quality data makes the water quality monitor of reaction in time.
The present invention is achieved in that the survey of the detection conductivity including single-chip microcomputer, fixing electrode of adjusting the distance with Amount circuit, temperature sensor, display device, the conductivity output signal of telecommunication of measuring circuit is defeated with the current value signal of telecommunication of single-chip microcomputer Entering connected, the temperature signal output of temperature sensor inputs with the temperature value signal of telecommunication of single-chip microcomputer and is connected, the water quality of single-chip microcomputer Signal of telecommunication output is connected with display device, during detection, first detects the conductivity of water, then calculates water outlet according to conductivity and temperature In dissolved solids content, just can obtain water quality situation according to the dissolved solids content in this water.
One of the most important index weighing Water quality is turbidity, i.e. contained in water body silt, microorganism etc. Suspended material makes light scattering occur or absorb, and causes water white water to produce muddy phenomenon.And turbidity can be come with TDS Represent, TDS be in dissolved solids content, the quality of soluble solid contained in i.e. one liter solution.TDS value represents water Middle dissolved impurity content.Based on definition, we can carry out detected solution to filter, dry after gained solid residue that is Total dissolved solid carries out certain measurement, it is possible to obtain the electrical conductivity of detected solution.But this kind of method measures cycle length, mistake Journey is numerous and diverse, relatively costly, so typically not using this method that water quality is carried out TDS detection.
It is known that conductor why can conduct electricity be because the free electron of conductor can be under the effect of electric field Do directed movement.So the conduction property of conductor is relevant with the characteristic of conductor and body.Its relational expression is:
(7-1)
In formula: R be conductor resistance (Ω), L be the effective length (cm) of conductor;S is the long-pending (cm in effective cross section of conductor2);ρ For resistivity (Ω .cm).
And conductance represents the ability to transmit electricity power of conductor, it is numerically equal to the inverse of resistance.
(7-2)
Make 1/=K, K are electrical conductivity, and unit is every centimetre of Siemens (S/cm).Electrical conductivity is to represent conductor electric conductivity The index of energy, refers to a length of 1cm, and cross-sectional area is 1cm2The electric conductivity value that had of conductor.For electrolytic conductor, It is equivalent to 1cm3Solution be separated by between the electrode of 1cm the electric conductivity value being had.
And conductance is the inverse of resistance, so TDS is the most relevant with conductance, and in the certain situation of length and cross-sectional area Under, obtain electrical conductivity just it is estimated that TDS value.Its relational expression is:
(7-3)
In formula: TDS is dissolved solid in water (m g/L);Electrical conductivity of water (S/m) when K is 25 DEG C.
3 temperature compensation principle
The electrical conductivity variation with temperature of detected solution and change.During the variations in temperature of detected solution, the dissolving journey of impurity Degree changes, and hinders the factor of Particles Moving also to change, under the effect of electric field, and the orientation of ion and free electron etc. Motion also changes, and at this moment electric conductivity changes, and makes electrical conductivity also change.Owing to the change of electrical conductivity is to follow temperature Increase and become big, so the change of temperature directly affects the precision of conductivity measurement.
If the temperature of detected solution is not equal to fiducial temperature 25 DEG C, just it must be remake at further temperature-compensating Reason, so could reduce measurement error.Need the result recorded is compensated the numerical value under fiducial temperature.If the temperature of solution Time near 25 DEG C, the formula that it carries out temperature-compensating is as follows:
Ks=Kt/ [0.022t+0.45)] (7-4)
In formula: Ks is the electrical conductivity of solution at 25 DEG C, Kt be t DEG C at the electrical conductivity of solution, t is the temperature of detected solution.
If the temperature of solution is not near 25 DEG C, re-uses (7-4) formula and calculated, can not get accurate electrical conductivity Value, in order to reduce measurement error, the temperature being required for different range uses specific computing formula to carry out data process.Not In same scope, the correction coefficient of temperature is also not quite similar, and is below the temperature-compensating formula under different temperatures scope:
Ks=Kt/ (0.0169t+0.5583) 1 DEG C≤t≤10 DEG C (7-5)
Ks=Kt/ (0.018t+0.5473) 10 DEG C≤t≤20 DEG C (7-6)
Ks=Kt/ (0.0189t+0.5281) 20 DEG C≤t≤30 DEG C (7-7)
Ks=Kt/ (0.022t+0.45) other temperature ranges (7-8)
Just can obtain the TDS value that can be used for below after using the above formula conductivity value to recording to carry out temperature-compensating to calculate Accurate conductivity value, i.e. measured with under fiducial temperature value is identical.
Compared with the prior art the present invention, has and can the most accurately detect water quality, in order to people can be according to detection in real time The water quality data advantage of making in time reaction.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of this single-chip microcomputer;
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of intervalometer;
Fig. 4 is measuring circuit figure;
Fig. 5 is temperature sensor circuit figure;
Fig. 6 is water quality detection flow chart;
Fig. 7 is electrical conductivity overhaul flow chart;
Fig. 8 is temperature detection flow chart;
Fig. 9 is TDS calculation flow chart.
Detailed description of the invention:
In conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail:
As it can be seen, the present invention includes single-chip microcomputer, adjust the distance with one measuring circuit of detection conductivity of fixing electrode, temperature Degree sensor, LCD display device, ipc monitor, button, the conductivity output signal of telecommunication of measuring circuit and the electric current of single-chip microcomputer Value signal of telecommunication input is connected, and the temperature signal output of temperature sensor inputs with the temperature value signal of telecommunication of single-chip microcomputer and is connected, single The water quality signal of telecommunication output of sheet machine is connected with LCD display device, the signal of telecommunication transmission ends of ipc monitor and the telecommunications of single-chip microcomputer Number transmission ends is connected, and the output of button is connected with the input of single-chip microcomputer, during detection, first detects the conductivity of water, then foundation Conductivity and temperature calculate the dissolved solids content in water outlet, just can obtain water quality feelings according to the dissolved solids content in this water Condition, and by LCD display device, water quality condition is shown, water quality situation is monitored and according to water quality by ipc monitor Situation takes effective treatment measures in time, and button carries out science adjustment to control program and the key parameter of single-chip microcomputer.
As in figure 2 it is shown, single-chip microcomputer uses STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer, STC89C52 is that in 51 series monolithics, performance is the strongest A.Single-chip minimum system mainly includes the equipment such as single-chip microcomputer, oscillating circuit, clock circuit, reset circuit, power supply, ground wire.
Reset circuit is made up of electric capacity and resistant series, permissible according to the character that the voltage of electric capacity can not change suddenly Knowing, a system electrification or reset are that RST pin is defaulted as low level, and RC circuit carrys out the time of regulation high level.51 monolithics Machine, on RST pin, applies a macrocyclic high level and single-chip microcomputer will be made to enter reset state, and therefore, the selection of RC value exists Reset circuit design is very important.Only select suitable RC value, just can ensure that reset reliably, according to t=R*C, t Being greater than two machine cycles, selection resistance is 10k, and capacitor's capacity is 10uF.Certainly also has other parameter combination, only Principle to be met makes RC combination can occur in RST pin and sets high at least two machine cycle.As to how the concrete meter quantified Calculate, be referred to the books of circuit analysis.
In fig. 2, the capacitance of electric capacity is 10uF, and resistance is 10k.So according to formula, charging capacitor increases to 0.7 times of supply voltage, i.e. device power supply (DPS) are 5V, charging capacitor voltage rise to required for this process of 5*0.7=3.5V time Between be 10K * 10UF=0.1S.
Crystal oscillating circuit is made up of oscillating crystal and two electric capacity, provides the instruction time to calculate for single-chip microcomputer.For 51 it is System, 11.0592MHz is the most frequently used crystal oscillator, because it can produce the machine cycle accurately, accurately obtains serial communication Conventional 9600bps and 19200bps baud rate, it is simple to the operation of serial communication.Crystal oscillating circuit is certain when PCB layout designs Will be close proximity to single-chip microcomputer, and two pins are tried one's best the longest, if deviation too conference causes starting of oscillation to the cabling of single-chip microcomputer Bad, or timing uncertainty is true.In circuit design crystal oscillator and single-chip microcomputer must altogether, crystal oscillator frequency directly affects monolithic The stability of machine work, on the premise of satisfied design requires, reduces crystal oscillator frequency as far as possible, the work of crystal oscillator frequency the lowest system System stability is the best.So being not that crystal oscillator frequency is the highest more good, according to practical situation, frequency and power consumption to be accepted or rejected.
If external crystal-controlled oscillation individually connects with single-chip microcomputer, the most also single-chip microcomputer can be made to work with starting of oscillation, be this The structure of sample can make to produce in circuit the harmonic wave of a lot of other frequency, and harmonic wave can reduce the stability of clock oscillator.Therefore, exist Filtering harmonics can be removed by adding a pair starting of oscillation electric capacity in the side of external crystal-controlled oscillation.The capacitance of starting of oscillation electric capacity does not has particular fixed value, Having the different ranges of choice according to different single-chip microcomputers, the starting of oscillation electric capacity of 51 series monolithics is typically at 15 ~ 30pF.
As it is shown on figure 3,555 intervalometers are researched and developed in 1972 by Signetics company of the U.S., it is used for replacing machinery Formula intervalometer, is the medium scale integration (MSI) having gathered digital circuit and analog circuit.555 intervalometers are by analog functuion and logic Function combines together dexterously, is to constitute monostable flipflop, the main devices of multivibrator.555 intervalometers use Flexibly, simple and practical, it is widely used, simple in construction, various application circuit can be formed, be widely used in automatically controlling, signal inspection The fields such as cls analysis.
The measuring circuit of electrical conductivity is as shown in Figure 4.The electrode (electrode catheter) plugged on J1 is put in detected solution, At this moment overall circuit is the formation of multi resonant oscillating circuit.Now the outfan at multi resonant oscillating circuit obtains frequency f, this Frequency is relevant to the electrical conductivity of detected solution.This multi-resonant oscillating circuit is by 555 intervalometers (U3), electrode, switching transistor, quilt Survey solution, electric capacity is constituted.And switching transistor can improve the load capacity of circuit, it is ensured that the linearity of output frequency f.
Circuit operation principle: time at the beginning, circuit is in SM set mode, pin 3 exports high level, and Q1 turns on.Charged Journey: VCC Q1 electrode J1 C4.Electric capacity both end voltage exponentially rises, and when Uc rises to (2/3) Vcc, 555 is fixed Time high limit comparator within device invert, be output as low level, discharge tube turns on, circuit reset.Discharge process: C4 J1 7 foot.Electric capacity both end voltage exponentially declines, and when Uc drops to (1/3) Vcc, the lower bound in 555 intervalometers compares Device inverts, and is output as high level, and discharge tube ends, and electric capacity is recharged.Thus and thus, said process constantly follows Ring, so that it may form frequency of oscillation f.Below equation is drawn through analyzing:
f=0.772C4/Rx
In formula: RxResistance value for detected solution.
Can be obtained by formula (7-1), (7-2), there is certain relation in f and electrical conductivity K.In the design, the build of probe is fixed, So the value of L/S is a constant.L refers to the distance between probe, and S refers to that probe immerses the volume of solution, in the design The probe L=0.35cm, S=0.56cm*0.10cm=0.056cm used2, then L/S=6.25cm-1, C4=0.1 μ F.Therefore with regard to energy Enough derive the relation between electrical conductivity and intervalometer output frequency, it may be assumed that
K=8.1*106f。
The measuring circuit of temperature is as shown in Figure 5.The DQ pin of digital temperature sensor is connected on single-chip microcomputer P3.3 mouth, and When the effect of pull-up resistor is to make system idle, perseverance is high level.The analogue signal that digital temperature sensor collects is through inside Circuit conversion is digital signal, then uploads among single-chip microcomputer.The digital signal received is further processed by single-chip microcomputer The temperature value of the most available detected solution, this temperature value can be accurate to one decimal place.
As shown in Figure 6, after system initialization, the measurement of electrical conductivity and the measurement of temperature will for the main program flow chart of the design Synchronization is carried out, then measurement to conductivity value and temperature value are for data processing, obtain the accurate electricity under fiducial temperature Conductivity value, calculates with TDS later, after obtaining a result, all of result is all input to show in LCD.
The measurement procedure of electrical conductivity, as it is shown in fig. 7, be first configured intervalometer and external interrupt, determines the timing of T0 Time.By the time timing one arrives, and just the number of the pulse that statistics external interrupt receives, from which further follows that multi resonant oscillating circuit Frequency, the dependency relation of electrical conductivity and frequency at this moment can be utilized to obtain conductivity value.
Before carrying out temperature taking process, single-chip microcomputer needs digital temperature sensor is sent signal, to sensor System carries out initialization operation.Temperature sensor prepares to receive order.Single-chip microcomputer sends the order of temperature transition, digital temperature Sensor carries out temperature transition, and the temperature value obtained after conversion is transferred to single-chip microcomputer.Single-chip microcomputer reads temperature value.Last logarithm According to processing.Fig. 8 is the temperature survey flow chart of digital temperature sensor.
There is certain relation in TDS value and electrical conductivity.The value of TDS can be calculated by the conductivity value recorded, but first First the electrical conductivity recorded should be compensated the conductivity value under fiducial temperature and just can reduce measurement error, therefore will be to measured Conductivity value carry out temperature-compensating.The calculation flow chart of TDS value is as shown in Figure 9.
The function of ipc monitor has AccessPort, chart to show and data storage etc..For the function of design, the design Using Visual Basic6.0 Software Development Platform, Visual Basic is OO visual program design language.Profit The communication link between ipc monitor and the next single-chip microcomputer can be conveniently realized with the ActiveX control in Visual Basic Connect.The functional development of application forms is all to use most basic control, can form what user needed according to the Control Tool of system Interface allomeric function.Program carries out numeral display in real time to temperature, electrical conductivity, TDS, and optionally observes going through of three History curve.

Claims (1)

1. a water quality monitor, it is characterised in that include single-chip microcomputer, the detection conductivity of fixing electrode of adjusting the distance with Measuring circuit, temperature sensor, display device, the current value telecommunications of conductivity the output signal of telecommunication and the single-chip microcomputer of measuring circuit Number input is connected, and the output of the temperature signal of temperature sensor inputs with the temperature value signal of telecommunication of single-chip microcomputer and is connected, single-chip microcomputer The output of the water quality signal of telecommunication is connected with display device, during detection, first detects the conductivity of water, then calculates according to conductivity and temperature Dissolved solids content in water outlet, just can obtain water quality situation according to the dissolved solids content in this water.
CN201610593451.XA 2016-07-26 2016-07-26 Water quality monitor Pending CN106053553A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106841324A (en) * 2017-03-14 2017-06-13 成都秉德科技有限公司 A kind of SCM Based TDS water quality testing meters
CN108036519A (en) * 2018-01-23 2018-05-15 北京国铁科林科技股份有限公司 The boiler of water quality can be detected
CN108205049A (en) * 2016-12-16 2018-06-26 南京菜宝宝智能科技有限公司 A kind of energy at-once monitor simultaneously prompts the purification method of purification efficiency, apparatus and system
CN109765272A (en) * 2019-01-31 2019-05-17 沃菲育水科技有限公司 Multifunctional water aquosity detection device
CN109856195A (en) * 2019-01-02 2019-06-07 北京科技大学 A kind of high throughput liquid electric conductivity measuring device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2065323U (en) * 1987-11-02 1990-11-07 中国科学院微电子中心 High-purity water resistivity monitoring device
CN202008592U (en) * 2011-01-07 2011-10-12 肖斌 Water yield and water quality monitoring alarm for water purifier
CN202533401U (en) * 2012-01-30 2012-11-14 北京银之源科贸有限责任公司 Total dissolved solids (TDS) test pen
CN202748329U (en) * 2012-09-12 2013-02-20 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 TDS (total dissolved solids) detection circuit
CN104535630A (en) * 2014-12-31 2015-04-22 沁园集团股份有限公司 Water quality measuring system of water drinking equipment
CN204964436U (en) * 2015-09-07 2016-01-13 浙江利尔达物联网技术有限公司 TDS surveys water -color paintbrush with quick temperature -sensing
CN105758896A (en) * 2016-05-06 2016-07-13 张光鹏 Water testing pen

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2065323U (en) * 1987-11-02 1990-11-07 中国科学院微电子中心 High-purity water resistivity monitoring device
CN202008592U (en) * 2011-01-07 2011-10-12 肖斌 Water yield and water quality monitoring alarm for water purifier
CN202533401U (en) * 2012-01-30 2012-11-14 北京银之源科贸有限责任公司 Total dissolved solids (TDS) test pen
CN202748329U (en) * 2012-09-12 2013-02-20 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 TDS (total dissolved solids) detection circuit
CN104535630A (en) * 2014-12-31 2015-04-22 沁园集团股份有限公司 Water quality measuring system of water drinking equipment
CN204964436U (en) * 2015-09-07 2016-01-13 浙江利尔达物联网技术有限公司 TDS surveys water -color paintbrush with quick temperature -sensing
CN105758896A (en) * 2016-05-06 2016-07-13 张光鹏 Water testing pen

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108205049A (en) * 2016-12-16 2018-06-26 南京菜宝宝智能科技有限公司 A kind of energy at-once monitor simultaneously prompts the purification method of purification efficiency, apparatus and system
CN106841324A (en) * 2017-03-14 2017-06-13 成都秉德科技有限公司 A kind of SCM Based TDS water quality testing meters
CN108036519A (en) * 2018-01-23 2018-05-15 北京国铁科林科技股份有限公司 The boiler of water quality can be detected
CN108036519B (en) * 2018-01-23 2024-01-30 北京国铁科林科技股份有限公司 Water boiler capable of detecting water quality
CN109856195A (en) * 2019-01-02 2019-06-07 北京科技大学 A kind of high throughput liquid electric conductivity measuring device
CN109765272A (en) * 2019-01-31 2019-05-17 沃菲育水科技有限公司 Multifunctional water aquosity detection device

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