CN106044813B - A kind of coal ash for manufacturing cleans technique for activated alumina - Google Patents

A kind of coal ash for manufacturing cleans technique for activated alumina Download PDF

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CN106044813B
CN106044813B CN201610364285.6A CN201610364285A CN106044813B CN 106044813 B CN106044813 B CN 106044813B CN 201610364285 A CN201610364285 A CN 201610364285A CN 106044813 B CN106044813 B CN 106044813B
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flyash
activated alumina
coal ash
leaching
manufacturing
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CN106044813A (en
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张开仕
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Yibin University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/02Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
    • C01F7/04Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
    • C01F7/06Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
    • C01F7/0693Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process from waste-like raw materials, e.g. fly ash or Bayer calcination dust
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Technique is cleaned for activated alumina the invention discloses a kind of coal ash for manufacturing, is comprised the following steps:(1) flyash activating;(2) mixed alkali liquor leaching and separation of solid and liquid;(3) carbon point and washing drying;(4) calcine.The present invention with Alumina Enterprise red mud slag replaces lime stone, with low-temperature sintering method activating fly ash, then mixed alkali liquor dissolution Al2O3.Waste residue is modified, waste water is adjusted, energy is reclaimed, resource utilization and waste recovery rate are high, and technique cleans degree and reaches the horizontal requirement of domestic oxidation Aluminum clean manufacturing three-level.

Description

A kind of coal ash for manufacturing cleans technique for activated alumina
Technical field
The present invention relates to activated alumina to prepare technique, more particularly to a kind of coal ash for manufacturing cleaning for activated alumina Technique.
Background technology
Flyash is the solid waste of coal-burning power plant and manufacturing enterprise's water-tube boiler discharge, per nearly 300,000,000 tons of annual emissions. The general air storage of flyash, by day Sai, drench with rain, weathering, decomposition, produce a large amount of acid waters or carry heavy metal ion Water, under ooze infringement groundwater quality, outflow causes surface water pollution, weathering particle contamination air, can also produce landslide and mud-rock flow Etc. natural calamity.γ-Al2O3As a kind of activated alumina, due to high temperature resistant, wear-resistant, anti-oxidant and porous spy Property, it is extensive in the industry such as petrochemical industry, biochemical industry and film process as performance catalyst carrier the most excellent Using.Contain SiO in flyash2、Al2O3Etc. a variety of utilities, wherein Al2O3Mass fraction is 20%~45%.With flyash For primary raw material, the γ-Al of higher economic value are produced2O3, not only open production γ-Al2O3New way, will also have Help alleviate pollution of the flyash to environment, reduce the expense for constructing flyash disposal site.Therefore, extracted from flyash Al2O3And then prepare γ-Al2O3, it is all significant in society, economy, environment etc..
Flyash is that coal is caused after high-temp combustion, Al therein2O3Not with active Al2O3Form is present, but With double salt aluminosilicate glass body andalusite δ Al2O3-SiO2Form is present.Therefore, Al is extracted from flyash2O3Key how be Effectively destroy Al therein2O3-SiO2Key, improve Al2O3Activity.Currently used destruction Al2O3-SiO2Key (activates fine coal Ash) method have limestone sintering process, soda lime sintering process, the molten precipitation method of acid, the fluxing method of fluoride etc..Soda lime sintering process and The molten precipitation method of acid are seriously polluted, and residue utilization rate is low, easily causes secondary accumulation;The fluxing method of fluoride is toxic, operational risk Greatly, the later stage, water process was costly because wanting fluorine removal to cause complex process;Though limestone sintering process has raw material cheap and easy to get, residual Slag (red mud) utilization rate is high, sinter and can from the advantages that efflorescence, but energy consumption is too high (sintering temperature is more than 1200 DEG C), the later stage Workshop section is leached again because using Na2CO3Single alkali lye, cause leaching process secondary response to occur, make silicone content in dissolution fluid big Big increase, a large amount of white residues are produced through desiliconization, complex process is with high costs, it is difficult to popularization and application.
The content of the invention
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned deficiency, there is provided a kind of coal ash for manufacturing cleans technique for activated alumina.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical scheme:A kind of coal ash for manufacturing is for the clear of activated alumina Clean technique, it is characterised in that:Comprise the following steps:
(1) flyash activating:Flyash and red mud distinguish the ground mesh standard sieve of mistake 120 (tailing over less than 5%);By red mud It is 2.5 progress dispensings with flyash quality ratio, is placed on after well mixed in Muffle furnace, 90min is burnt till at 750 DEG C, from efflorescence Just activating fly ash is obtained after cooling;
(2) mixed alkali liquor leaching and separation of solid and liquid:Then with the Na that mass fraction is 9%2CO3And NaHCO3Mixed solution {w(Na2CO3)/w(NaHCO3)=1.7 } press liquid-solid ratio 3.5L.kg-1Activating fly ash is leached, is placed in 80 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control, Filtered after being sufficiently stirred lower reaction 120min, its filtrate is NaAlO2Solution;
(3) carbon point and washing drying:To NaAlO2CO is passed through in solution2Gas carries out carbonation decomposition reaction, through solid-liquid point Aluminum hydroxide solid is obtained from after, with proper amount of fresh water washing, Aluminium Hydroxide;
(4) calcine:Calcinations of aluminum hydroxide solid 5h obtains activated alumina γ-Al at 680 DEG C2O3
NaAlO is analyzed using compleximetry2Al in filtrate3+Content, thus calculate the dissolution rate of aluminum oxide.
In activating fly ash leaching process, to the filter cake residue being filtrated to get, washed with a small amount of fresh water, then To its low temperature modification, can be used directly as cement;Because filter residue is utilized completely, filter residue recovery utilization rate and filter residue backwater profit It is 100% with rate.
NaAlO2The adjusted case of cleaning solution of carbon mother liquid, washing cake layer and aluminium hydroxide after solution carbon point converges together Return to leaching workshop section to recycle, industrial ratio of water recycle is 92%.
NaHCO3Caused CO after calcining2It is used for leaching liquid carbon point, caused Na after purified2CO3Lived for configuring leaching Change the mixed alkali liquor of flyash.
Energy caused by sintering process is reclaimed using waste heat boiler, and steam caused by boiler provides leaching and carbon divides process Energy, cooling water return to boiler, and therefore, steam, the utilization rate of condensed water are 100%.
Knowable to analysis, the process in leaching and γ-Al of whole aluminum oxide2O3Preparation process does not have waste discharge, and can measure Utilized to reasonable, meet cleanly production requirement.
The present invention compared with prior art the advantages of be:
1. the present invention replaces lime stone with Alumina Enterprise red mud slag, with low-temperature sintering method activating fly ash, activation temperature It is more whole than limestone sintering process to reduce more than 400 DEG C, while the advantages of also retains limestone sintering process, under production cost Drop, operation difficulty reduce.
2. use Na2CO3And NaHCO3Mixed alkali liquor replaces Na2CO3Al in single alkali lye dissolution activating fly ash2O3, wherein NaHCO3Generation Na can be reacted with NaOH2CO3, caustic sodium concentration is both reduced, suppresses secondary response, stabilizes Na again2CO3Concentration, Accelerate dissolution reaction, improve digesting efficiency of alumina.Because secondary response is controlled, silicone content is greatly reduced so that traditional stone The desiliconization process of lime stone sintering process can save, and save cost, reduce waste residue.
3. whole technique aoxidizes the three-level technical requirement of Aluminum clean manufacturing according to HJ473-2009, waste residue is carried out It is modified, waste water is adjusted, energy is reclaimed, realizes zero-emission.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that flyash matches the influence chart of (mass ratio) to digesting efficiency of alumina with red mud.
Fig. 3 is influence chart of the calcining heat to digesting efficiency of alumina.
Fig. 4 is influence chart of the firing time to digesting efficiency of alumina.
Fig. 5 is the XRD spectrum of raw material flyash.
Fig. 6 is the XRD spectrum of activating fly ash.
Fig. 7 is influence chart of the mixed alkali liquor mass fraction to digesting efficiency of alumina.
Fig. 8 is influence chart of the liquid-solid ratio to digesting efficiency of alumina.
Fig. 9 is influence chart of the leaching temperature to digesting efficiency of alumina.
Figure 10 is influence chart of the dissolution time to digesting efficiency of alumina.
Figure 11 is the XRD spectrum of filter cake residue.
Figure 12 is γ-Al2O3The XRD spectrum of sample.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment.
Prepare raw material and instrument:
Raw material:A. flyash, which is derived under the chemical enterprise thermo-power station boiler electrostatic precipitator of Yibin, drains ash, mainization Studying point (mass fraction) is:SiO2:49.61%;Al2O3:36.46%;Fe2O3:4.58%;CaO:2.79%;MgO: 1.25%;K2O:0.79%;Loss on ignition:4.52%.
B. red mud is derived from Yibin Alumina Enterprise limestone sintering process red mud, and main chemical compositions (mass fraction) are: CaO:48.79%;SiO2:24.61%;Fe2O3:9.58%;Al2O3:2.46%;C.NaHCO3Or Na (AR)2CO3(AR): 14.56%.
Instrument:SX2-5-12 type muffle furnaces, Shanghai experimental electric furnace factory;KYM-DA type grinders, Xianyang golden red machinery plant; 501 type thermostat water baths, Shanghai City laboratory apparatus factory;Z93-1B type electric mixers, Jiangsu Province Jintan Medical Instruments factory;X′ Pert-ProMPD type X-ray diffractometers, Dutch PANalytical company.
Concrete technology method and flow:
(1) flyash activating:Flyash and red mud distinguish the ground mesh standard sieve of mistake 120 (tailing over less than 5%);By red mud It is 2.5 progress dispensings with flyash quality ratio, is placed on after well mixed in Muffle furnace, 90min is burnt till at 750 DEG C, from efflorescence Just activating fly ash is obtained after cooling;
(2) mixed alkali liquor leaching and separation of solid and liquid:Then with the Na that mass fraction is 9%2CO3And NaHCO3Mixed solution {w(Na2CO3)/w(NaHCO3)=1.7 } press liquid-solid ratio 3.5L.kg-1Activating fly ash is leached, is placed in 80 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control, Filtered after being sufficiently stirred lower reaction 120min, its filtrate is NaAlO2Solution;
(3) carbon point and washing drying:To NaAlO2CO is passed through in solution2Gas carries out carbonation decomposition reaction, through solid-liquid point Aluminum hydroxide solid is obtained from after, with proper amount of fresh water washing, Aluminium Hydroxide;
(4) calcine:Calcinations of aluminum hydroxide solid 5h obtains activated alumina γ-Al at 680 DEG C2O3
NaAlO is analyzed using compleximetry2Al in filtrate3+Content, thus calculate the dissolution rate of aluminum oxide.As Fig. 2- Shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 7 to Figure 10, respectively flyash matches the influence of (mass ratio) to digesting efficiency of alumina, calcining heat with red mud Influence to digesting efficiency of alumina, influence of the firing time to digesting efficiency of alumina, mixed alkali liquor mass fraction are molten to aluminum oxide The influence of extracting rate, influence of the liquid-solid ratio to digesting efficiency of alumina, influence of the leaching temperature to digesting efficiency of alumina, dissolution time pair The influence of digesting efficiency of alumina.
In activating fly ash leaching process, to the filter cake residue being filtrated to get, washed with a small amount of fresh water, then To its low temperature modification, can be used directly as cement;Because filter residue is utilized completely, filter residue recovery utilization rate and filter residue backwater profit It is 100% with rate.
Filtrate and wash the adjusted case of cleaning solution of cake layer after the carbon mother liquid of carbon point, filtering and converge and together return to leaching work Section, industrial ratio of water recycle are 92%.
NaHCO3CO caused by calcination process2It is used for leaching liquid carbon point, caused NaCO after purified3Leached for preparing The mixed alkali liquor of activating fly ash, raw material availability 100%.
Energy caused by sintering process is reclaimed using waste heat boiler, and steam caused by boiler provides leaching and carbon divides process Energy, cooling water return to boiler, and therefore, steam, the utilization rate of condensed water are 100%.
Knowable to analysis, the extraction process and γ-Al of whole aluminum oxide2O3Producing process does not have waste discharge, and can measure Utilized to reasonable, meet cleanly production requirement.
Substance characterization:With the XRD of X-ray diffractometer measure activating fly ash, and with the XRD spectrum of raw material flyash (such as Shown in Fig. 5) compare to determine the activation degree of flyash;The XRD (as shown in figure 11) of filter residue is determined with X-ray diffractometer, and To determine the dissolution situation of aluminum oxide compared with the XRD spectrum (as shown in Figure 6) of activating fly ash;Determined with X-ray diffractometer γ-the Al produced2O3XRD (as shown in figure 12), and with the γ-Al on JCPDS standard cards (10-0425)2O3XRD compare To determine the activated alumina γ-Al produced2O3Purity.Tube voltage is 35KV, and tube current 30Ma, x-ray source is Cu target K α Ray, sweep speed are 5 (°) .min-1
As shown in Figure 5, the main thing of the raw material flyash before activation is mutually glass phase, has obvious characteristic diffraction peak. As seen from Figure 6, main mine material contained by the flyash after activation is CaO.Al2O3、12CaO.7Al2O3、γ-2CaO.SiO2、 β-2CaO.SiO2With FeO etc., the characteristic diffraction peak in raw material flyash disappears.It is indicated above that the glass phase in raw material flyash All it is destroyed in sintering process, Al therein2O3Generate and be soluble in Na2CO3The CaO.Al of solution2O3With 12CaO.7Al2O3, and SiO2Then it is converted into hard to tolerate in Na2CO3γ-the 2CaO.SiO of solution2With a small amount of labile β- 2CaO.SiO2, make to be present in thing in flyash mutually there occurs the activity of basic change flyash to be improved significantly.
As can be seen from Figure 11, main (OH) containing Ca in residue2、CaCO3、Ca3Al2Si2O8(OH)4, NaS and γ -2CaO.SiO2 Deng mineral matter, and CaO.Al2O3、12CaO.7Al2O3With β -2CaO.SiO2Characteristic peak disappear.This shows in process in leaching, CaO.Al in activating fly ash2O3And 12CaO.7Al2O3By Na2CO3Solution is fully converted to NaAlO2, and β- 2CaO.SiO2Then decomposed and with NaAlO in solution2Reaction generation Ca3Al2Si2O8(OH)4Return in filter cake residue.
As can be seen from Figure 12, sample occur respectively at 2 θ=37.11 °, 39.49 °, 46.95 ° and 67.91 ° diffracted intensity compared with γ-Al on big characteristic peak, with JCPDS standard cards (10-0425)2O3Mutually basically identical, it is that crystalline phase is purer to illustrate sample γ-Al2O3
Cleanly production accordance:Flyash production activated alumina γ-Al2O3, meet national " 13 " development plan The Green Development theory and Developing Circulation Economy of outline determination, strengthen large utilizations of waste as resource such as Industrial Solid Waste Policy.With reference to Aluminum three-level technical indicator is aoxidized in clean manufacturing HJ473-2009 standards, this experiment low-temperature sintering method is evaluated Aluminum oxide is extracted from flyash and then prepares γ-Al2O3Technical process cleans.Cleaner Production Index System contrast is shown in Table 1。
The clean manufacturing index body contrast table of table 1
The clean manufacturing system of experiment process is investigated from utilization of resources index and waste recovery index.As can be seen from Table 1, Experiment substantially meets the three-level technical indicator of HJ473-2009 oxidation Aluminum clean manufacturings, reaches domestic aluminum oxide clean manufacturing three The horizontal requirement of level.
The present invention using low-temperature sintering method activating fly ash, then passes through mixed alkali liquor dissolution, solid-liquid using red mud as activator The processes such as separation, carbonization are decomposed, washing drying, high-temperature calcination, are made γ-Al2O3Activated alumina, and to activation condition, dissolution Condition and cleaning for technique are studied and discussed.Mainly draw to draw a conclusion.
(1) γ-Al are prepared as primary raw material using flyash and red mud2O3Activated alumina, be technically it is feasible, its Resource utilization and waste recovery rate are high, have reached the requirement of domestic aluminum oxide clean manufacturing three-level technical merit.
(2) flyash optimum activation condition and aluminum oxide optimum leaching condition are respectively:Red mud and flyash proportion 2.5th, 750 DEG C of firing temperature, firing time 90min;85 DEG C of leaching temperature, dissolution time 120min, liquid-solid ratio 3.5, Na2CO3With NaHCO3{ w (the Na of mixed alkali liquor mass fraction 9%2CO3)/w(NaHCO3)=1.7 }, digesting efficiency of alumina reaches on this condition More than 90%.
The innovative point of the present invention:
First, the activation method innovation of flyash.The current activation to flyash both at home and abroad, mainly there is limestone sintering Method[, soda lime sintering process, the molten precipitation method of acid, the fluxing method of fluoride[The methods of.Soda lime sintering process and the molten precipitation method pollution of acid are tight Weight, residue utilization rate is low, easily causes secondary accumulation;The fluxing method of fluoride is toxic, and operational risk is big, and the later stage is because wanting fluorine removal to make Complex process is obtained, water process is costly;Though limestone sintering process has, raw material is cheap and easy to get, residue (red mud) utilization rate is high, Sinter and can is from the advantages that efflorescence, but energy consumption is too big (sintering temperature is more than 1200 DEG C), with high costs, it is difficult to which promoting should With.This work replaces lime stone with Alumina Enterprise red mud slag, and activation temperature drops to less than 800 DEG C, more whole than limestone sintering process It is whole to reduce more than 400 DEG C, while the advantages of also retains limestone sintering process.Therefore, production cost is greatly reduced, and operation is difficult Degree substantially reduces, and is easy to industrialization.
Second, the dissolving-out method of aluminum oxide is innovated in flyash after activation.Traditional limestone sintering process uses Na2CO3Single alkali lye.With Na2CO3Except generating NaAlO during dissolving activating fly ash2Outside, it can also produce NaOH and lead Cause secondary response that (β -2CaO.SiO occur2+NaOH→Ca(OH)2+Na2SiO3, Ca (OH)2+NaAlO2→ 3CaO.Al2O3.xSiO2+NaOH), NaAlO in dissolution fluid is caused2Loss and silicone content increase.Due to NaAlO2In solution Silicone content rolls up, and has to desiliconization with that, increases desiliconization process in technological process, both improves cost, increases again A large amount of waste residues.This work Na2CO3And NaHCO3Mixed alkali liquor, wherein NaHCO3Generation Na can be reacted with NaOH2CO3, both dropped Low caustic sodium concentration, suppress secondary response, stabilize Na again2CO3Concentration, accelerate dissolution reaction, improve digesting efficiency of alumina.By Controlled in secondary response, silicone content is greatly reduced so that the desiliconization process of conventional limestone sintering process can save, and save Cost, reduces waste residue.
Third, production technology cleans innovation.Technological process realizes zero-emission, the resource utilization of whole production process It is high with waste recovery rate, exceed the requirement of domestic aluminum oxide clean manufacturing three-level technical merit.
Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, it is every to utilize this hair The equivalent structure or equivalent flow conversion that bright specification and embodiment content are made, or directly or indirectly it is used in other correlations Technical field, it is included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of coal ash for manufacturing cleans technique for activated alumina, it is characterised in that:Comprise the following steps:
(1) flyash activating:Flyash and red mud distinguish the ground mesh standard sieve of mistake 120, tail over less than 5%;By red mud and powder Coal ash mass ratio is 2.5 progress dispensings, is placed on after well mixed in Muffle furnace, 90min is burnt till at 750 DEG C, cooled down from efflorescence Activating fly ash is just obtained afterwards;
(2) mixed alkali liquor leaching and separation of solid and liquid:Then with the Na that mass fraction is 9%2CO3And NaHCO3Mixed solution presses liquid Admittedly compare 3.5Lkg-1Leach activating fly ash, wherein w (Na2CO3)/w(NaHCO3)=1.7, it is placed in 80 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control, Filtered after being sufficiently stirred lower reaction 120min, its filtrate is NaAlO2Solution;
(3) carbon point and washing drying:To NaAlO2CO is passed through in solution2Gas carries out carbonation decomposition reaction, after separation of solid and liquid Aluminum hydroxide solid is obtained, with proper amount of fresh water washing, Aluminium Hydroxide;
(4) calcine:Calcinations of aluminum hydroxide solid 5h obtains activated alumina γ-Al at 680 DEG C2O3
2. a kind of coal ash for manufacturing according to claim 1 cleans technique for activated alumina, it is characterised in that:In work Change in flyash leaching process, to the filter cake residue being filtrated to get, washed with fresh water, then to its low temperature modification, directly Connect and used as cement.
3. a kind of coal ash for manufacturing according to claim 1 cleans technique for activated alumina, it is characterised in that: NaHCO3Caused CO after calcining2It is used for leaching liquid carbon point, caused Na after purified2CO3Activating fly ash is leached for configuring Mixed alkali liquor.
4. a kind of coal ash for manufacturing according to claim 1 cleans technique for activated alumina, it is characterised in that:Sintering Energy caused by process is reclaimed using waste heat boiler, and steam caused by boiler provides leaching and carbon divides the energy of process, cooling water Return to boiler.
CN201610364285.6A 2016-05-26 2016-05-26 A kind of coal ash for manufacturing cleans technique for activated alumina Expired - Fee Related CN106044813B (en)

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CN110482582A (en) * 2019-08-19 2019-11-22 太原理工大学 Method that is a kind of while extracting aluminium oxide in flyash and red mud

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US4397822A (en) * 1982-03-17 1983-08-09 Murtha Marlyn J Process for the recovery of alumina from fly ash
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CN101891224A (en) * 2010-06-29 2010-11-24 河南煤业化工集团有限责任公司 Method for producing alumina and white carbon black by utilizing red mud and flyash
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