CN106042893A - 对蓄电装置的充放电进行控制的混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

对蓄电装置的充放电进行控制的混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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CN106042893A
CN106042893A CN201610691548.4A CN201610691548A CN106042893A CN 106042893 A CN106042893 A CN 106042893A CN 201610691548 A CN201610691548 A CN 201610691548A CN 106042893 A CN106042893 A CN 106042893A
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张炎
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Shandong Haochi Intelligent Automobile Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46Series type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/24Energy storage means
    • B60W2710/242Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

一种对蓄电装置的充放电进行控制的混合动力车辆,其特征在于:其中所述混合动力车辆由发动机、发电机和电动机三部分动力总成组成,它们之间用串联方式组成动力单元系统,发动机驱动发电机发电,电能通过控制器输送到蓄电池或电动机,由电动机驱动汽车行驶,当小负荷时由蓄电池驱动电动机驱动车辆,大负荷时由发动机带动发电机驱动电动机工作。

Description

对蓄电装置的充放电进行控制的混合动力车辆
本申请是申请号为2012104381446,发明名称为一种混合动力车辆,申请日为2012年11月6日的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力车辆的控制,特别涉及对蓄电装置的充放电进行控制的混合动力车辆。
背景技术
现有的混合动力车辆适合于城市内频繁起步和低速运行工况,可以将发动机调整在最佳工况点附近稳定运转,通过调整电池和电动机的输出来达到调整车速的目的。使发动机避免了怠速和低速运转的工况,从而提高了发动机的效率,减少了废气排放。但是由于混合动力车具有两套动力,再加上两套动力的管理控制系统,结构复杂,技术较难,价格较高,特别是对其中蓄电池的充电控制和发动机的转速与发电机的输出电压的关系在较大的困难。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决上述问题而作出的发明,其目的在于,在具有蓄电装置的混合动力车辆中,对混合动力模式时蓄电池充电效率,提出了辅助动力单元发电控制方法以及发动机的转速与发电机的输出电压的关系。
本发明的对蓄电装置的充放电进行控制的混合动力车辆,其特征在于:其中所述混合动力车辆由发动机、发电机和电动机三部分动力总成组成,它们之间用串联方式组成动力单元系统,发动机驱动发电机发电,电能通过控制器输送到蓄电池或电动机,由电动机驱动汽车行驶,当小负荷时由蓄电池驱动电动机驱动车辆,大负荷时由发动机带动发电机驱动电动机工作。
优选,当车辆处于启动、加速、爬坡工况时,发动机、电动机和蓄电池共同向电动机供电;当车辆处于低速、滑行、怠速时,则由蓄电池驱动电动机,当蓄电池缺电时则发动机—发电机向蓄电池充电。
优选,还包含辅助动力单元,所述辅助动力单元与蓄电池并联,共同为负载提供功率,其中辅助动力单元的开路电压V1与蓄电池的开路电压V2和蓄电池的内阻R电压的关系为:
V1= V2+VR
车辆的工作电流I,与辅助动力单元电流I1和蓄电池电流I2关系为:
I= I1+ I2
优选的是,所述的辅助动力单元采用双闭环控制,外环为电流环,内环为转速环,当发电机输出电流值大于外环给定电流值时,由电流控制器进行双闭环调节,计算目标转速值,送入速度控制器。
优选,转速检测单元采样转速值与目标转速进行比较,根据比较结果,由速度控制器进行双闭环调节,输出两路模拟信号来模拟发动机节气门信号送入发动机ECU,实现发动机转速调节。
更优选的是,发动机与发电机同轴运转,发电机输出电压与发动机转速成线性关系,当蓄电池的荷电状态SOC低于其下限时起动辅助动力单元,控制其输出电流,为蓄电池快速充电,车辆以混合动力模式运行。
优选,当蓄电池的荷电状态(SOC)达到其上限时则关闭辅助动力单元,车辆以纯电动模式运行。
更优选的是,当车辆以纯电动模式运行时,整车驱动总力矩为:
其中为前驱动轮的驱动力矩;为后驱动轮的驱动力矩;为变速器传递比;为主减速器传动比;为传动效率。
附图说明
本发明进一步的特征优势将参考附图从以下非限制性实施例得描述中变得显而易见,其中:
图1是本发明的对蓄电装置的充放电进行控制的混合动力车辆的的原理图。
图2是本发明的辅助动力单元与蓄电池的连接原理图。
图3是本发明的辅助动力单元的系统结构图。
图4是本发明的辅助动力单元的双闭环控制原理图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对本发明的实施例进行说明。
参照图1,本发明中的混合动力车辆主要由发动机、发电机和驱动电动机三部分动力总成组成,它们之间用串联方式组成动力单元系统,另外,所述车辆还包括燃料箱、变速器,减速器、控制器等装置,该混合动力的的工作原理是,发动机驱动发电机发电,电能通过整流器、控制器输送到蓄电池或电动机,由驱动电动机讲过减速齿轮来驱动汽车行驶,当小负荷时由蓄电池驱动电动机驱动车辆,大负荷时由发动机带动发电机驱动电动机工作,当车辆处于启动、加速、爬坡工况时,发动机、电动机和蓄电池组共同向电动机供电;当车辆处于低速、滑行、怠速时,则有蓄电池驱动电动机,当蓄电池缺电时则发动机—发电机向蓄电池充电。
参照图2和图3,所述车辆还包括辅助动力单元,所述辅助动力单元与蓄电池并联,共同为负载提供功率,其中辅助动力单元的开路电压V1与蓄电池的开路电压V2和蓄电池的内阻R电压的关系为:V1= V2+VR ;车辆的工作电流I,与辅助动力单元电流I1和蓄电池电流I2关系为:I= I1+ I2
参照图4,所述的辅助动力单元采用双闭环控制,外环为电流环,内环为转速环,当发电机输出电流值大于外环给定电流值时,由电流控制器进行双闭环调节,计算目标转速值,送入速度控制器;转速检测单元采样转速值与目标转速进行比较,根据比较结果,由速度控制器进行双闭环调节,输出两路模拟信号来模拟发动机节气门信号送入发动机ECU,实现发动机转速调节。
另外,由于发动机与发电机同轴运转,并且当发动机运转是会驱动发电机运转发电,并且发电机输出电压与发动机转速成线性关系,而当蓄电池的荷电状态低于其下限时起动辅助动力单元,控制其输出电流,为蓄电池快速充电,车辆以混合动力模式运行;当蓄电池的荷电状态达到其上限时则关闭辅助动力单元,车辆以纯电动模式运行。
应该认为,本次所公开的实施例在所有的方面都是例示而不是限制性的内容。本发明的范围不是由上述的说明而是由权利要求表示,包括与权利要求等同的意思以及范围内的所有的变更。

Claims (8)

1.一种对蓄电装置的充放电进行控制的混合动力车辆,其特征在于:其中所述混合动力车辆由发动机、发电机和电动机三部分动力总成组成,它们之间用串联方式组成动力单元系统,发动机驱动发电机发电,电能通过控制器输送到蓄电池或电动机,由电动机驱动汽车行驶,当小负荷时由蓄电池驱动电动机驱动车辆,大负荷时由发动机带动发电机驱动电动机工作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,当车辆处于启动、加速、爬坡工况时,发电机和蓄电池共同向电动机供电;当车辆处于低速、滑行、怠速时,则由蓄电池驱动电动机,当蓄电池缺电时则发动机—发电机向蓄电池充电。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,还包含辅助动力单元,所述辅助动力单元与蓄电池并联,共同为负载提供功率,其中辅助动力单元的开路电压V1与蓄电池的开路电压V2和蓄电池的内阻R电压的关系为:
V1= V2+VR
车辆的工作电流I,与辅助动力单元电流I1和蓄电池电流I2关系为:
I= I1+ I2
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,所述的辅助动力单元采用双闭环控制,外环为电流环,内环为转速环,当发电机输出电流值大于外环给定电流值时,由电流控制器进行双闭环调节,计算目标转速值,送入速度控制器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,转速检测单元采样转速值与目标转速进行比较,根据比较结果,由速度控制器进行双闭环调节,输出两路模拟信号来模拟发动机节气门信号送入发动机ECU,实现发动机转速调节。
6.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力车辆,其中,发动机与发电机同轴运转,发电机输出电压与发动机转速成线性关系,当蓄电池的荷电状态低于其下限时起动辅助动力单元,控制其输出电流,为蓄电池快速充电,车辆以混合动力模式运行。
7.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,当蓄电池的荷电状态达到其上限时则关闭辅助动力单元,车辆以纯电动模式运行。
8.根据权利要求3所述的混合动力车辆,其中,当车辆以纯电动模式运行时,整车驱动总力矩为:
其中为前驱动轮的驱动力矩;为后驱动轮的驱动力矩;为变速器传递比;为主减速器传动比;为传动效率。
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