CN106037914A - 一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置 - Google Patents

一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置 Download PDF

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CN106037914A
CN106037914A CN201610657175.9A CN201610657175A CN106037914A CN 106037914 A CN106037914 A CN 106037914A CN 201610657175 A CN201610657175 A CN 201610657175A CN 106037914 A CN106037914 A CN 106037914A
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朱文川
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置,其制作材料为生物可降解材料和显影剂共同构成的可降解可显影生物材料。该装置包括一体成型的顶部、腰部和体部,该内固定装置与胫骨近端后外方接触面的空间几何学形态相匹配,顶部设有若干个第一锁定螺钉孔,体部设有若干个第二锁定螺钉孔,第一锁定螺钉孔的方向为:与该内固定装置顶部平面成75°‑100°角,以使植入螺钉后,能够使螺钉避开胫骨近端后外方的关节面。本发明能与骨面进行良好的贴合,避免了由于内固定装置与骨面贴合不好而可能造成局部应力集中,能有效增加其固定效果,有利于骨折骨块的固定,且无需二次手术取出,可动态监测内固定装置的吸收过程,利于指导功能锻炼。

Description

一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置
技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械技术领域,具体涉及一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置。
背景技术
随着社会经济水平的提高,交通运输也在迅速发展,由高能量损伤导致的胫骨平台骨折日益增多。临床上此类负重关节内骨折的处理比较复杂,其中胫骨近端后外方骨折的治疗尤为困难,容易出现因骨折固定方式选择不当导致骨折再次移位、骨不连、内固定失效及关节功能活动障碍等并发症。由于平台后方解剖轮廓不规则,干骺端移行区弯度较大,目前尚无符合该解剖特点的内固定物。俞光荣等认为由于在膝关节屈曲时应力较集中,采用支撑钢板内固定能达到最佳力学效果。Zeng等通过体外模拟胫骨平台后侧劈裂骨折生物力学试验分析发现,使用后侧“T”型支撑钢板固定时,钢板所承载的支撑力最大,骨块垂直移位最小,力学稳定性最佳。目前针对胫骨近端后外方骨折固定主要使用后外侧钢板螺钉内固定。使用后外侧入路可使支撑钢板根据骨折线走向放置于骨块正后方,使螺钉能垂直于骨折线由后内向前外植入,可使骨折块获得最佳的复位和固定,获得稳定的后方支撑。
目前用于临床治疗骨折的内固定物主要由金属材料制成。金属内固定物存在以下缺点:(1)体内电解腐蚀,并产生一些金属微粒影响周围正常组织;(2)刚性过大,易产生应力遮挡,内固定取出后,容易再骨折;(3)阻挡X线穿透,干扰核磁共振成像,不利于术后观察;(4)目前国内许多病人要求骨折愈合后取出内固定物,这需要进行二次手术,增加了感染等各种并发症发生的机会,加重了患者的经济负担,给患者带来再次手术的痛苦。
所以生物可降解材料制成的内固定器械越来越多的被运用到临床,有望替代传统钢制内固定材料。随着时间的推移,骨折端骨痂的生成,骨折逐渐愈合,同时生物降解的内固定装置逐渐被人体组织吸收,不在体内蓄积,几乎没有毒性作用,病人亦无须受二次手术之苦。可降解材料制成的产品其非金属的特性,不影响核磁共振成像。
理想的骨科材料应该具有安全、可靠、容易使用和可在生物体内降解等特性。采用聚乳酸、聚己内酯等材料制成的生物可降解材料其固有的初始强度可起到传统钢制正骨材料的作用,且随着时间的推移及骨折的逐渐愈合,生物可降解材料逐渐被人体组织吸收,不在体内蓄积,几乎没有毒性作用,其原有的空间可以被骨组织替代,病人亦无须再次手术之痛苦;另外由于可降解材料的弹性模量近似松质骨弹性模量,允许骨折端局部产生微小活动,有利于骨折愈合,不影响患者术后任何时间进行CT或MRI等检查。由多种生物可降解材料合成的复合生物可降解材料,一方面可弥补单一材料的不足,满足可降解内植物的机械强度要求;另一方面,还可以延缓材料过快的降解,提高材料生物相容性。在上述材料中加入对人体无毒无害的显影剂使其具有可显影性,可随时监测内植物在人体内的吸收情况,很好地解决了传统可降解生物材料无法监控的问题。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置,使内固定装置与胫骨近端后外侧接触面形态相匹配,能与骨面进行良好的贴合,避免了由于内固定装置与骨面贴合不好,而造成局部应力过大的问题出现,有效增加了其固定效果,有利于患者的康复;能够使植入的螺钉避开胫骨近端关节面,降低了并发症的发生,提高了手术的成功率。内固定材料具有可降解特性,吸收后的分解产物对人体无毒无害,不需要二次手术取出,减轻了病人的痛苦。而且内固定装置具有可显影特性,可以动态监测内固定装置的吸收过程,利于指导功能锻炼。
本发明为了解决上述技术难题,提供了一种胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置,包括:一体成型的顶部、腰部和体部,所述内固定装置与胫骨近端后外方接触面的空间几何学形态相匹配,所述顶部设有若干个用于将内固定装置顶部固定在胫骨近端后外方的第一锁定螺钉孔,所述体部设有若干个第二锁定螺钉孔,所述第一锁定螺钉孔的方向为:与所述内固定装置顶部平面成75°-100°角,以使植入螺钉后,能够使螺钉避开胫骨近端后外方的关节面;所述内固定装置所采用的材料为生物可降解材料(如聚乳酸、聚己内酯等)和显影剂(如含碘造影剂等)共同构成的可降解可显影生物材料。
为了保证胫骨近端后外方钢板在紧贴关节面固定时不误入关节面,且有牢靠的固定力量,钢板近端螺钉均采用预设螺纹的锁定螺钉孔(如第一锁定螺钉孔和第二锁定螺钉孔)。
作为优选,第一锁定螺钉孔和第二锁定螺钉孔均为凸台设计的螺钉孔,这样就可以增强固定装置的强度。
作为优选,该内固定装置的顶部、腰部和体部与胫骨近端后外方接触面的空间几何学形态相匹配。
作为优选,该内固定装置腰部设计有滑动加压孔,便于术中调整钢板位置,并可通过加压螺钉对骨折端加压以缩小骨折间隙。
作为优选,该内固定装置位置更贴近胫骨近端后外方,与胫骨近端后外方接触面的空间几何学形态相匹配,能与骨面进行良好的贴合,能有效增加其固定效果,有利于骨折骨块的固定。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明提供的一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置,使内固定装置与胫骨近端后外侧接触面形态相匹配,能与骨面进行良好的贴合,避免了由于内固定装置与骨面贴合不佳而引发的局部应力集中,有效增加了其固定效果,有利于患者的康复;第一锁定螺钉孔的方向为与所述内固定装置顶部平面成75°-100°角,以使植入螺钉后,能够使螺钉避开胫骨近端的关节面,降低了并发症的发生,提高了手术的成功率;第一锁定螺钉孔和第二锁定螺钉孔为凸台设计的螺钉孔,这样就可以增强固定装置的强度;在钢板腰部设计有滑动加压孔,便于术中调整钢板位置,并可通过加压螺钉能够对骨折端加压以缩小骨折间隙,术后对骨折端持续加压,促进骨折愈合。内固定装置可适应不同的胫骨近端后外方骨折部位。本发明使用的材料是由生物可降解材料(如聚乳酸、聚己内酯等)和无毒显影剂(如含碘造影剂等)共同构成的一种新型可降解可显影生物材料,避免传统的金属内植物需要二次手术取出的缺陷,同时具有可显影特性,可以动态监测内植物的吸收过程,有利于指导功能锻炼。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图A1是本发明的一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置的正面立体图;
图A2是图A1的后视图;
图A3是本发明的一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置的侧面立体图。
图中附图标记说明如下:
1为顶部,2为腰部,3为体部,4为第一锁定螺钉孔,5为滑动加压孔,6为第二锁定螺钉孔。
具体实施方式
现在结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的说明。这些附图均为简化的示意图,仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本结构,因此其仅显示与本发明有关的构成。
如图A1至图A3所示,本发明一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置,包括:一体成型的顶部1、腰部2和体部3,该内固定装置与胫骨近端后外方接触面的空间几何学形态相匹配,顶部1设有若干个用于将顶部1固定在胫骨近端后外方的第一锁定螺钉孔4,体部3设有若干个第二锁定螺钉孔6,第一锁定螺钉孔4的方向为与该内固定装置顶部平面成75°-100°角,在植入螺钉后,能够使螺钉避开胫骨近端后外方的关节面。所述内固定装置采用的材料为由生物可降解材料(如聚乳酸、聚己内酯等)和无毒显影剂(如含碘造影剂等)共同构成的可降解可显影生物材料。所述内固定装置具有可降解特性,吸收后的分解产物对人体无毒无害;所述内固定装置具有可显影特性,可以动态监测内固定装置的吸收过程,利于指导功能锻炼。
如图A3所示,本发明的胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置顶部1、腰部2和体部3不在同一平面上,其形状是根据亚洲人体格的胫骨近端后外方的骨面形状进行设计的,与现有的根据欧洲人体格进行设计的内固定装置有所差别,可以与亚洲人的胫骨近端后外方骨面完全贴合,有效增加了其固定效果,有利于患者的康复。该内固定装置位置更贴近胫骨近端后外方,与胫骨近端后外方接触面的空间几何学形态相匹配,能与骨面进行良好的贴合,能有效增加其固定效果,有利于骨折骨块的固定。
在一种具体实施方式中,如图A1和图A2所示,该内固定装置腰部2设计有滑动加压孔5,便于术中调整钢板位置,并可通过加压螺钉能够对骨折端加压以缩小骨折间隙。第一锁定螺钉孔4和第二锁定螺钉孔6均为凸台设计的螺钉孔,这样就可以增强固定装置的强度。
本发明可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置在使用时,首先将内固定装置顶部1、腰部2和体部3与胫骨近端后外方骨面贴合,将加压螺钉打入滑动加压孔5,透视见钢板位置良好,对骨折端进行加压。然后根据手术的实际情况进行调整锁定螺钉的方向、长度,在第一锁定螺钉孔4、第二锁定螺钉孔6中依次植入所有锁定螺钉。本发明可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置为可降解材料,无需二次手术取出,且具有可显影特性,可以动态监测内固定装置的吸收过程,利于指导功能锻炼。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置,其特征在于,包括:一体成型的顶部(1)、腰部(2)和体部(3),所述内固定装置与胫骨近端后外方接触面的空间几何学形态相匹配,所述顶部(1)设有若干个用于将顶部(1)固定在胫骨近端后外方的第一锁定螺钉孔(4),所述体部(3)设有若干个第二锁定螺钉孔(6),所述第一锁定螺钉孔(4)的方向为:与所述内固定装置顶部平面成75°-100°角,以使植入螺钉后,能够使螺钉避开进入胫骨近端后外方关节面;所述内固定装置所采用的材料为生物可降解材料和显影剂共同构成的可降解可显影生物材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置,其特征在于:所述顶部(1)、腰部(2)和体部(3)与胫骨近端后外方接触面的空间几何学形态相匹配。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置,其特征在于:所述第一锁定螺钉孔(4)为凸台设计的锁定螺钉孔。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置,其特征在于:所述腰部(2)设有滑动加压孔(5),便于术中调整钢板位置,并可通过加压螺钉对骨折端加压以缩小骨折间隙。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置,其特征在于:所述第二锁定螺钉孔(6)为凸台设计的锁定螺钉孔。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种可降解可显影胫骨近端后外方锁定内固定装置,其特征在于:所述内固定装置的位置更贴近后外侧胫骨近端后外方,与胫骨近端后外方接触面的空间几何学形态相匹配,能与骨面进行良好的贴合,能有效增加其固定效果,有利于骨折骨块的固定。
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