CN106037657B - A kind of high density near infrared spectrum cerebral function imaging method of time space frequency multiple coupling - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high density near infrared spectrum cerebral function imaging method of time space frequency multiple coupling, it is related to medical imaging technology field.The imaging method includes the step of detection channels division, light source time and spatial lamination, light source igniting time, power and frequency smart allocation and detector encode.The present invention reduces the crosstalk between detection channels, can improve temporal resolution, spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio；To light source igniting time, power and frequency smart allocation, be advantageous to the spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio of raising system；Due to being encoded to detector, parallel detecting efficiency can be improved, has unrivaled application advantage in high density fNIRS systems.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical imaging technology field, and in particular to a kind of high density near infrared light of time space frequency multiple coupling
Spectrum cerebral function imaging method, it is a kind of implementation method of parallel detection data.
Background technology
In recent years, near infrared spectrum (Functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS) has developed
For image mode of new generation indispensable in brain function research and clinical diagnosis.FNIRS using wavelength 650-1000nm with
Interior near infrared light, the change of optical absorption characteristic caused by cerebral metabolism is can detect, it is blood red so as to calculate the region deoxidation
Albumen (HbR), oxygen carrying hemoglobin (HbO2) concentration relative variation.Compared to traditional cerebral function imaging method, such as brain electricity
Figure, function Magnetic resonance imaging etc., fNIRS have that cost-effective, temporal resolution is high, spatial resolution is moderate, functional parameter
Enrich, to advantages such as motion-insensitives.
In fNIRS imaging systems, on head, corresponding site places light source probe, and is put at a certain distance from away from light source probe
Put detector.The light (being usually dual wavelength or three wavelength) of system source transmitting is transferred to reach by optical fiber and put after wavelength-division multiplex
Light source probe in head, then penetrate scalp layer, skull etc. and incide brain tissue, absorbed, after scattering after a series of, still
Understand some photon and reach scalp layer surface, these optical signals can be received by a detector, then according to Beer-
Lambert laws, calculate HbO2, HbR concentration relative variation.Light source probe lay down location is light source incidence point, but one
Incident light includes different wave length (being usually dual wavelength or three wavelength) at light source incidence point, therefore real at a light source incidence point
There is the light source that 2 (dual wavelengths) or 3 (three wavelength) overlap on border, and to make a distinction, the multi wave length illuminating source for conjunction of weighing is light source group,
And single wavelength light source is referred to as light source, detector lay down location is sensing point, can be reflected correspondingly from the information of sensing point detection
The information of detection channels.
At present, relatively simple topological arrangement of equidistantly popping one's head in is widely used in multichannel fNIRS systems.
In equidistant topological imaging, adjacent light source and detector form a detection channels, and the interval about 3cm of source-detector can
Effectively detect the change of cortex blood oxygen parameter.Different ray detector (source-detector) arrangements, can be formed not
Same detection channels, the arrangement of multiple light sources and multiple detectors, can form multi-channel system, logical so as to obtain more detections
The brain signal in road.However, the spatial resolution of the fNIRS systems based on simple equidistant topological structure is still relatively low (about
3cm), its spatial resolution still has larger room for promotion.
It is to improve sampling density, i.e. high density fNIRS imaging methods to improve spatial resolution strategy.It is imaged with simple topology
Difference, high density imaging is a kind of fault imaging mode, and for given light source, its light launched can not only be by adjacent detection
Device detects, moreover it is possible to is detected by detector farther out, therefore, a light source can form multiple different spies with multiple detectors
Ranging from detection channels.The detection channels that system uses are more, and the coincidence between optical sensor is more, to different depth information
The ability of layering is higher, and the picture quality reconstructed is higher.In high density fNIRS, pass through densely arranged light source and detection
Device, while cross sectional reconstruction technology is introduced, imaging depth can be lifted to 2~3cm, spatial resolution lifting and arrive 1cm or so.So
And highdensity light source and detector are arranged and make it that light source, detector and detection channels needed for fNIRS sharply increase, but visit
Survey number of channels, signal to noise ratio and temporal resolution these three parameters mutually to restrict so that improve temporal resolution and spatial discrimination
Rate is more challenging.
Eggebrecht et al. (Mapping distributed brain function and networks with
Diffuse optical tomography, Nature Photonics 8,448-454 (2014)) exploitation high density diffusion
Computed tomography (SPECT) system (high-density diffuse optical tomography, HD-DOT), employs timesharing subregion
The method of light source excitation.The system uses dual wavelength,, will according to the spatial arrangement of ray detector containing 96 light source probes
96 light sources (the actual coincidence light source for two different wave lengths of each light source) are divided into 6 rectangular areas, numbering be region 1~
Region 6, each 16 light sources in region, numbering is 1~light source of light source 16 respectively, 16 light source timesharing in each region point successively
Bright, the light source of the identical numbering of different zones is lighted simultaneously, and the light source in odd zone dual numbers region has between certain frequency
Every.But the temporal resolution of this method can only obtain limited raising, and comprising the signal cross-talk between detection channels, make
Signal to noise ratio reduces.
The content of the invention
Because detection channels quantity, signal to noise ratio and temporal resolution can not improve simultaneously, the present invention proposes that time space frequency is multiple
The high density near infrared spectrum cerebral function imaging method of coupling captures this problem.The present invention arranged according to ray detector,
The parameter such as detection channels connection and connecting length, when the detection channels of different connecting lengths are classified, and are carried out to light source
Between coding and space encoding, while the lighting time of smart allocation light source, power and frequency etc., time of imaging can be effectively improved
Resolution ratio and spatial resolution, and have very high signal to noise ratio, parallel detecting efficiency can be significantly improved, in high density fNIRS systems
There is unrivaled application advantage in system.
A kind of high density near infrared spectrum cerebral function imaging method of time space frequency multiple coupling provided by the invention, main bag
Include following steps：
The first step, detection channels division.Arranged according to ray detector, detection channels connection and the parameter such as connecting length,
The detection channels of different connecting lengths are classified, generally the detection channels of equal length can be divided into one kind；
Second step, light source time and spatial lamination.The result classified according to detection channels, by light source and detection channels when
Between it is upper carry out burst and sequence etc., and according to parameters such as space lengths, spatially carry out light source space array code, make difference
The light source of array is lighted in the different time, marks off finer timeslice, can so greatly reduce the interference between light source, and
Temporal resolution, spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio can be improved；
3rd step, light source igniting time, power and frequency smart allocation.In different connecting lengths, light source is not according to
With power drive, and the time of light source igniting also differ, connecting length is longer, and the light source igniting time is longer, and power is got over
Greatly, be advantageous to improve spatial resolution, and in same timeslice, according to the spatial distribution of light source, enter line frequency intelligent modulation, make
The nearer light source of distance is obtained, frequency shift (FS) is bigger, so as to improve signal to noise ratio；
4th step, detector coding.According to detection channels division and the result of light source time and space burst, detector is entered
Row coding, improves parallel detecting efficiency.
5th step, light source also according to the programmed acquisition signal encoded, are carried out according to the routine lights encoded, detector
Imaging.
It is an advantage of the invention that：
(1) the high density near infrared spectrum cerebral function imaging method of time space frequency multiple coupling proposed by the present invention, according to light
The parameters such as source detector-arrangement, detection channels connection and connecting length carry out time and the space of detection channels division and light source
Burst, reduce the crosstalk between detection channels, temporal resolution, spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio can be improved；
(2) in time space frequency multiple coupling imaging method proposed by the present invention, to light source igniting time, power and frequency intelligence
Distribution, be advantageous to the spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio of raising system；
(3) time space frequency multiple coupling imaging method proposed by the present invention, due to being encoded to detector, can improve parallel
Detection efficient, there is unrivaled application advantage in high density fNIRS systems.
Brief description of the drawings
Figure 1A is the schematic diagram that light source probe and detector are positioned over head.
Figure 1B is ray detector arrangement schematic diagram.
The short type of attachment schematic diagram of Fig. 2A detection channels.
Fig. 2 B are the long type of attachment schematic diagram of detection channels.
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are two array of source coding schematic diagrams of short connection.
Fig. 4 A~Fig. 4 C are four exemplary light sources array code schematic diagrames of long connection.
Fig. 5 A are detector coded system in short connection array.
Fig. 5 B are detector coded system in long connection array.
Fig. 6 is fNIRS image system hardware control figures.
Embodiment
The high density near infrared spectrum cerebral function of time space frequency multiple coupling proposed by the present invention is imaged below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
Method is described further.
The present embodiment has 3 different wave lengths by taking the ray detector arrangement of 192 light sources as an example at a light source incidence point
The light source of (785nm, 808nm, 850nm) overlaps, therefore has 64 light source groups to be distributed on 64 different light source incidence points, such as
Shown in Figure 1A and Figure 1B, empty quadrilateral is detector in Figure 1B, and filled black circle represents 1~light source of light source 64, light source and spy
The line surveyed between device represents detection channels.Figure 1A is the schematic diagram that light source probe and detector are positioned over head, and Figure 1B is light
Source detector arrangement schematic diagram.Generally, high density fNIRS detection channels have four kinds of different connecting lengths, are respectively
1.3cm, 3.0cm, 3.9cm and 4.7cm, for the sake of simplicity, the present embodiment is by taking two kinds of connecting lengths (1.3cm and 3.0cm) as an example
To illustrate the high density near infrared spectrum cerebral function imaging method of the time space frequency multiple coupling of the present invention.
The high density near infrared spectrum cerebral function imaging method of described time space frequency multiple coupling, specific implementation step is such as
Under：
The first step, detection channels division.Arranged according to ray detector, the parameter such as detection channels and connecting length, will not
Detection channels with connecting length are classified, and generally the detection channels of equal length can be divided into one kind.
In the arrangement of this example ray detector, detection channels connecting length difference 1.3cm and 3.0cm, by all connecting lengths
Short connection is divided into for 1.3cm detection channels, as shown in Figure 2 A.All connecting lengths are that 3.0cm detection channels are divided into
Long connection, division result is as shown in Figure 2 B.
Second step, light source space arrangement array code and time slicing.
The result classified according to detection channels, light source and detection channels are subjected to burst and sequence etc., and root in time
According to parameters such as space lengths, spatially enter line light source-detection channels space array coding, make the light source of different arrays in difference
Time light, mark off finer timeslice, can so greatly reduce the interference between light source, and time resolution can be improved
Rate, spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio.
In this example, the detection channels of short connection encode 2 light source space arrays, as shown in Figure 3 A and Figure 3 B, each short
Connect in light source space array, coding rule is：
Light source on same diagonal is lighted in same timeslice, it is meant that the light source of first light source space array is at certain
One timeslice is lighted simultaneously, and the light source of second light source space array is lighted simultaneously in another timeslice.This light source space array
Coded system makes the distance between light source farther out, and interference from each other is smaller, can improve signal to noise ratio.
The detection channels of long connection encode nine light source space arrays, as Fig. 4 A~4C give three principal light source skies
Between array, by the length at these three light source space arrays horizontal light source interval that moves right respectively, can be formed three it is new
Light source space array；On this basis, then the horizontal light source interval that moves right length, form last three light source skies
Between array.Move to form a new light source space array each time, it is possible thereby to other six light source space arrays are formed, one
Nine light source space arrays are formed altogether, correspond to nine timeslices respectively, and different time piece sequentially starts.Each long connection detection is logical
In the light source space array in road, coding rule is：Two non-lit up light sources are spaced between the light source all directions for ensureing to light.
According to the light source space array of coding, timeslice is divided, each light source space array occupies a timeslice.This
The light source space array of 2 short connections in example and the light source space array of 9 long connections need altogether 11 timeslices, make this
11 light source space arrays and timeslice are corresponding, i.e., light source space array 1 is lighted in time slice 1 in short connection, in short connection
Light source space array 2 is lighted in time slice 2, and light source space array 1 is lighted in time slice 3 in long connection ... ..., long connection
Middle light source space array 9 is lighted in time slice 11.As shown in table 1.
The high density near infrared spectrum cerebral function imaging method step of the time space frequency multiple coupling of table 1
3rd step, light source igniting time, power and frequency smart allocation.In different connecting lengths, light source is not according to
With power drive, and the time of light source igniting also differ, the connecting length of detection channels is longer, and the light source igniting time gets over
Long, power is bigger, is advantageous to improve spatial resolution, and in same timeslice, according to the spatial distribution of light source, enters line frequency intelligence
It can modulate so that the nearer light source of distance, frequency shift (FS) is bigger, so as to improve signal to noise ratio.
In short connection, as shown in figs.3 a and 3b, the power of light source is relatively low, and the light source igniting time is short；In long connection, such as Fig. 4 A
Shown in~4C, the power of light source is higher, light source igniting time length.Lighting time of light source and power is approximate with connecting length is in
Exponential relationship, i.e. lighting time t=BeAd, power P=CeAd, wherein d is connecting length, and A, B, C are constant.
Also, in same timeslice, parameter is connected etc. with detection channels according to light source space distance, makes the nearer light of distance
Frequency shift (FS) is bigger between source, and the frequency shift (FS) between the more remote light source of distance is smaller, distance and frequency shift (FS) about into negative finger
Number relation.
4th step, effective detection channels and detector coding.According to detection channels classification and the result of light source burst, to having
Effect detection channels and detector are encoded, and improve parallel detecting efficiency.
As shown in Figure 5A, in each light source space array of short connection, light source is lighted simultaneously, and lighting time is shorter, power
Smaller, the signal that each detector detects is mainly from four light sources of the surrounding away from its nearest neighbours, from other light sources
Signal is due to distant, and decay is serious, and signal is capped, thus is easily achieved and detector and target acquisition passage are compiled
Code, confirm target acquisition passage.
As shown in Figure 5 B, in each light source space array of long connection, light source is lighted simultaneously, and lighting time is longer, power
Larger, the 3cm passages that illuminating source is formed are destination channel.Due to having carried out light source space array code in advance, and light
Light source arrangement is sparse, it is easy to accomplish detector and target acquisition passage (effective detection channels) are encoded, confirm that target is visited
Survey passage.
5th step, light source also according to the programmed acquisition signal encoded, are carried out according to the routine lights encoded, detector
Imaging.
After the filtered conversion with A/D of signal that detector collects, FPGA (field programmable gate array) or DSP is used
(Digital Signal Processing) chip etc. carries out bottom layer signal processing, and is carried out data transmission using high-speed transmission interface.Then
Data are demodulated with reconstruction using bottom layer signal processing modules such as bottom FPGA, bottom DSP using computer PC or direct, from
And obtain effective brain function blood flow parameter.The operational order of user can be also sent by computer to high-speed transmission interface, warp
Light source is driven after the processing of the bottom layer signals such as FPGA, dsp chip, realizes the real-time control to light source.
The high density near infrared spectrum cerebral function imaging method of time space frequency multiple coupling provided by the invention, rely on fNIRS
Imaging system is realized.The fNIRS imaging systems with lower part mainly by being formed：Light source, detector, signal filtering and modulus of conversion
Block, bottom layer signal processing module, high-speed transmission interface and computer, as shown in Figure 6.
Light source can use laser diode or LED (light emitting diode).Detector can use PMT (photomultiplier transits
Pipe), APD (avalanche diode) or PD (photodiode) etc..After the filtered conversion with A/D of signal that detector collects, make
Bottom layer signal processing, including number are carried out with FPGA (field programmable gate array) or DSP (Digital Signal Processing) chip etc.
According to demodulation etc., and carried out data transmission using high-speed transmission interface.Described high-speed transmission interface can use kilomega network, USB3.0
Deng.Then data are demodulated using bottom layer signal processing modules such as bottom FPGA, bottom DSP using computer PC or directly
Rebuild, so as to obtain effective brain function blood flow parameter.The operational order of user can also be sent to high-speed transfer by computer and be connect
Mouthful, light source is driven after the processing of the bottom layer signals such as FPGA, dsp chip, realizes the real-time control to light source.
The high density near infrared spectrum cerebral function imaging method of the time space frequency multiple coupling of the present invention, according to ray detector
Arrangement, passage connection and the parameter such as connecting length enter time and the spatial lamination of row of channels division and light source, reduce passage it
Between crosstalk, improve the temporal resolution, spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio of system.And to the light source igniting time, power and
Frequency smart allocation, be advantageous to the spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio of raising system.Due to being encoded to detector, can improve simultaneously
Row detection efficient, there is unrivaled application advantage in high density fNIRS systems.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of high density near infrared spectrum cerebral function imaging method of time space frequency multiple coupling, include the step of detection channels division
Suddenly, specifically,
Arranged according to ray detector, detection channels connection and connecting length, the detection channels of different connecting lengths are divided
Class, the detection channels of equal length are divided into one kind；
It is characterized in that：Also comprise the following steps：
The first step, light source time and spatial lamination；
The result classified according to detection channels, burst and sequence are carried out by light source and detection channels in time, and according to space
Distance, light source space array code is spatially carried out, the light source of different arrays is lighted in the different time；
Second step, light source igniting time, power and frequency smart allocation；
In different connecting lengths, light source also differs according to different power drives, and the time of light source igniting, detection
The connecting length of passage is longer, and the light source igniting time is longer, and power is bigger, and in same timeslice, according to the space of light source point
Cloth, enter line frequency intelligent modulation so that the nearer light source of distance, frequency shift (FS) are bigger；
3rd step, detector coding；
According to detection channels division and the result of light source time and space burst, detector is encoded；
4th step, light source also according to the programmed acquisition signal encoded, are carried out into according to the routine lights encoded, detector
Picture.
2. a kind of high density near infrared spectrum cerebral function imaging method of time space frequency multiple coupling according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Described detection channels are divided into two classes of long connection and short connection, the volume of the light source space array of each short connection
Code rule be：
Light source on same diagonal is lighted in same timeslice, it is meant that the light source of first light source space array is in certain a period of time
Between piece light simultaneously, the light source of second light source space array is lighted simultaneously in another timeslice；
Each the coding rule of the light source space array of long connection is：Two are spaced between the light source all directions for ensureing to light not
The light source lighted.
3. a kind of high density near infrared spectrum cerebral function imaging method of time space frequency multiple coupling according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Lighting time of light source and power is approximate with connecting length has exponent relation, i.e. lighting time t=BeAd, work(
Rate P=CeAd, wherein d is connecting length, and A, B, C are constant；
Also, in same timeslice, frequency shift (FS) is bigger between making the nearer light source of distance, and between the more remote light source of distance
Frequency shift (FS) is smaller, and distance and frequency shift (FS) are about into negative exponent relation.
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| WO2006071891A2 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-07-06 | The General Hospital Corporation | Evaluating central nervous system |
| CN103735274A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-23 | 电子科技大学 | Device and method for detecting absolute amount of blood oxygen and blood volume of local brain tissue |
| CN103968862A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2014-08-06 | 约翰内斯﹒海德汉博士有限公司 | Optical position-measuring device |
| EP2888994A1 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-01 | Fundació Institut de Ciències Fotòniques | Speckle contrast optical tomography |
| US9498134B1 (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-11-22 | Cephalogics, LLC | Diffuse optical tomography methods and system for determining optical properties |
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| WO2006071891A2 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-07-06 | The General Hospital Corporation | Evaluating central nervous system |
| CN103968862A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2014-08-06 | 约翰内斯﹒海德汉博士有限公司 | Optical position-measuring device |
| CN103735274A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-23 | 电子科技大学 | Device and method for detecting absolute amount of blood oxygen and blood volume of local brain tissue |
| EP2888994A1 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-01 | Fundació Institut de Ciències Fotòniques | Speckle contrast optical tomography |
| US9498134B1 (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-11-22 | Cephalogics, LLC | Diffuse optical tomography methods and system for determining optical properties |
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