CN106033965A - Touch button detection circuit and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Touch button detection circuit and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106033965A CN106033965A CN201510115175.1A CN201510115175A CN106033965A CN 106033965 A CN106033965 A CN 106033965A CN 201510115175 A CN201510115175 A CN 201510115175A CN 106033965 A CN106033965 A CN 106033965A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a touch button detection circuit and a detection method thereof. In the touch detection circuit provided in an embodiment of the invention, each parasitic capacitance of a button induction electrode to ground is changed into a parasitic capacitance of the button induction electrode to one potential controllable node, which means that a parasitic self-capacitance of the button induction electrode is changed into a mutual capacitance of the button induction electrode to the potential controllable node. A switch capacitance circuit changes potentials of the controllable node under different phases so as to eliminate an influence of the parasitic capacitance to a counting value. Therefore, an introducing interference of water and other liquids is eliminated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to circuit engineering field, particularly relate to a kind of touch key-press testing circuit and detection side thereof
Method.
Background technology
Touch button is a kind of conventional non-mechanical electrical switch, compare conventional mechanical switch have attractive in appearance,
Life-span length, stable performance, the advantage such as waterproof, be widely used in electronic product.The most common touch
Button detection technique typically uses relaxor technology.As it is shown in figure 1, be that relaxor technology is touched
Touch key press detecting circuit schematic diagram.In Fig. 1, each switch and one-level electric capacity button electricity in variable connector 101
Road electrically connects.In Fig. 1, the switch SW1 in variable connector 101 and the first electric capacity key circuit 105 electricity
Connect；Switch SW4 and the second electric capacity key circuit 106 in variable connector 101 electrically connect.With for the moment
Between, only one of which switch Guan Bi in variable connector, relaxor touch key-press testing circuit only detects one-level
Whether the electric capacity in electric capacity key circuit is touched.Every one-level electric capacity key circuit comprises a switch and
Individual button electric capacity.Relaxor touch key-press testing circuit detect the first electric capacity key circuit 105 time,
By the switch SW1 in Guan Bi variable connector 101, Guan Bi switch SW3, SW7 so that charge power supply
Button electric capacity C1 in first electric capacity key circuit 105 can be charged by 102.Button electric capacity C1 exists
While charging, detector unit 104 detects the voltage of button electric capacity C1, when processing module 103 is to charging
Between count.When detector unit 104 detects the voltage of button electric capacity C1 more than Vref0, detection
The output voltage Vcomp of unit 104 is become 1 from 0, triggers processing module 103 and terminates counting, and will open
Close SW7 Guan Bi, switch SW3 disconnects, and discharges button electric capacity C1, completes electric capacity button C1
One-time detection.When the objects such as finger touch electric capacity button, cause the electric capacity button that this electric capacity button is corresponding
Button capacitance in circuit increases so that the cycle of this button electric capacity charging is elongated, and relaxor touches
The cycle of oscillation touching key press detecting circuit changes, thus detects touch action, reaches touch key-press inspection
The purpose surveyed.
In the electric capacity button using relaxor touch key-press testing circuit, when the liquid such as water, greasy dirt covers
When covering on electric capacity button, the key induced electrode of electric capacity button increases with the parasitic capacitance on ground, and these are parasitic
Electric capacity translates into the self-capacitance of electric capacity button, and the effect touching electric capacity button to finger is similar, causes this
The button capacitance that electric capacity button is corresponding increases so that the erroneous judgement of relaxor touch key-press testing circuit should
Electric capacity button is effectively touched.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of touch key-press testing circuit and detection method thereof, in order to solve water, oil
When the liquid such as dirt cover on electric capacity button, cause the problem that touch key-press testing circuit produces erroneous judgement.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of touch key-press testing circuit, including: electric capacity key circuit unit, inspection
Slowdown monitoring circuit unit, the first switch element and second switch unit, described electric capacity key circuit unit is N number of,
N >=1, each electric capacity key circuit unit is by described first switch element with testing circuit Unit selection even
Connect；
Described electric capacity key circuit unit includes button electric capacity, shield electrode, the first switch and second switch；
First end of described button electric capacity, the first end of described first switch and the first end of described second switch, point
Not being connected with the charge power supply selectivity in described testing circuit unit, described button electric capacity and described second is opened
The second end closed ground connection respectively, the second end of described first switch connects the first reference voltage input terminal.
It is also preferred that the left described testing circuit unit is used for:
Control the switch being connected in described first switch element with current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
Guan Bi；
Control the shield electrode of each electric capacity key circuit unit in described N number of electric capacity key circuit unit to lead to
Cross described second switch unit to be connected with the input of described first reference voltage；
In the current detected electric capacity key circuit unit of control first switches off, second switch disconnects,
Except when in remaining electric capacity key circuit unit beyond front detected electric capacity key circuit unit first
Switch Guan Bi, second switch disconnect.
It is also preferred that the left described testing circuit unit is used for:
Control the switch being connected in described first switch element with current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
Guan Bi；
Control the shield electrode in each electric capacity key circuit unit in described N number of electric capacity key circuit unit
It is connected with earth terminal by described second switch unit；
In the current detected electric capacity key circuit unit of control first switches off, second switch disconnects,
Except when in remaining electric capacity key circuit unit beyond front detected electric capacity key circuit unit first
Switch off, second switch closes.
It is also preferred that the left described second switch unit includes the 3rd switch and the 4th switch；
In described N number of electric capacity key circuit unit, the shield electrode in each electric capacity key circuit unit is passed through
Described 3rd switch selectivity connects earth terminal, connects the first reference voltage by described 4th switch selectivity
Input.
It is also preferred that the left described first switch element comprises N road selects switch, every road selects switch and an electric capacity
Key circuit unit connects, and the N road in described first switch element selects switch to only have one in the same time
Road selects switch Guan Bi.
It is also preferred that the left described touch key-press testing circuit also includes: wave filter, comparator, processor；
The input of described wave filter is by described first switch element and described N number of electric capacity key circuit list
The outfan of unit connects, and the outfan of described wave filter is connected with the first input end of described comparator, described
The outfan of comparator is connected with described processor；Second input of described comparator and the second reference voltage
Input connect；
The input of described wave filter connects charge power supply, and by the 5th switch selectivity ground connection, described
By the 6th switch selectivity ground connection between wave filter and described comparator.
It is also preferred that the left described processor specifically for, according to detection sequential, perform:
When the detection cycle of current detected electric capacity key circuit unit arrives, control the described 5th and open
Pass, described 6th switch ground connection, control in described first switch element electric with current detected electric capacity button
The switch Guan Bi that road unit connects；Control the first switch in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit disconnected
Open, second switch disconnects, and controls the electric capacity button electricity in addition to current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
In the unit of road first switches off, second switch Guan Bi；
When the button electric capacity discharge regime end time arrives, control described 5th switch, described 6th switch
Disconnect, control the in the electric capacity key circuit unit in addition to the electric capacity key circuit unit being currently detected
One switch Guan Bi, second switch disconnect, and keep the in described current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
One switch off, second switch disconnects；Button electric capacity in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
During charging, the voltage of the first input end of described comparator gradually draws high, when reaching described second ginseng
When examining the value of voltage, the output signal of described comparator overturns；
After described processor detects the output signal upset of described comparator, control described 5th switch, institute
State the 6th switch ground connection, control the electric capacity key circuit in addition to current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
In unit first switches off, second switch Guan Bi, controls described second switch ground connection.
It is also preferred that the left described processor is additionally operable to:
Calculate continuous N the detection cycle of button electric capacity in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit total
Charging interval length, and detecting that total charging interval length of described continuous N detection cycle is more than
During continuous N detection cycle preset charged time span, determine current detected electric capacity key circuit list
The touch key-press of unit's correspondence is touched, wherein M >=1.
It is also preferred that the left described second reference voltage is less than or equal to described first reference voltage.
Embodiments provide a kind of inspection being applied to arbitrary touch key-press testing circuit described above
Survey method, including:
The button electric capacity charging stage:
Control in the first switch element of described touch key-press testing circuit and current detected electric capacity button
The switch Guan Bi that circuit unit connects, in order to by currently detected electric capacity key circuit unit and described detection
Circuit connects, and by described testing circuit to the button electricity in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
Capacity charge；
Control each electric capacity button electricity in N number of electric capacity key circuit unit of described touch key-press testing circuit
The shield electrode of road unit is electric by second switch unit and first reference of described touch key-press testing circuit
The input of pressure connects, in order to carrying out the button electric capacity in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
During charging, by the protection of each electric capacity key circuit unit in described N number of electric capacity key circuit unit
Electrode is pulled up to the first reference voltage, to eliminate the shield electrode in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
And the parasitic capacitance between button electric capacity；
In the current detected electric capacity key circuit unit of control first switches off, second switch disconnects,
Except when in remaining electric capacity key circuit unit beyond front detected electric capacity key circuit unit first
Switch Guan Bi, second switch disconnect, in order to the button in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
During electric capacity is charged, by the first end of the button electric capacity in remaining electric capacity key circuit unit described
Be pulled up to the first reference voltage, with eliminate button electric capacity in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit with
The parasitic capacitance between button electric capacity in adjacent capacitor key circuit unit.
It is also preferred that the left also include:
Button electric capacity discharge regime；
Control the switch being connected in described first switch element with current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
Guan Bi, in order to currently detected electric capacity key circuit unit is connected with described testing circuit, and passes through institute
State testing circuit to the button electric capacity electric discharge in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit；
Control the shield electrode in each electric capacity key circuit unit in described N number of electric capacity key circuit unit
It is connected with earth terminal by described second switch unit, in order to by the protection in each electric capacity key circuit unit
The voltage zero setting of electrode；
In the current detected electric capacity key circuit unit of control first switches off, second switch disconnects,
Except when in remaining electric capacity key circuit unit beyond front detected electric capacity key circuit unit first
Switch off, second switch Guan Bi, in order to except when beyond front detected electric capacity key circuit unit
Button electric capacity in remaining electric capacity key circuit unit discharges.
It is also preferred that the left when the detection cycle of current detected electric capacity key circuit unit arrives, control described
In touch key-press testing circuit the 5th switch, the 6th switch ground connection, control in described first switch element with
The switch Guan Bi that current detected electric capacity key circuit unit connects, in order to currently detected electric capacity is pressed
Key circuit unit is connected with described testing circuit；Control the in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
One switch off, second switch disconnects, and controls the electricity in addition to the electric capacity key circuit unit being currently detected
In appearance key circuit unit first switches off, second switch Guan Bi, in order to described N number of electric capacity button
Button electric capacity in circuit unit discharges；
When the button electric capacity discharge regime end time arrives, control described 5th switch, described 6th switch
Disconnect, control the in the electric capacity key circuit unit in addition to the electric capacity key circuit unit being currently detected
One switch Guan Bi, second switch disconnect, and keep the in described current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
One switch off, second switch disconnects；Button electric capacity in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
During charging, the voltage of the first input end of the comparator in described touch key-press testing circuit gradually draws
Rising, when reaching the value of the second reference voltage, the output signal controlling described comparator overturns；
After described processor detects the output signal upset of described comparator, control described 5th switch, institute
State the 6th switch ground connection, control the electric capacity key circuit in addition to current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
In unit first switches off, second switch Guan Bi, controls described second switch ground connection.
It is also preferred that the left control described processor to calculate button electric capacity in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
Continuous N detection cycle total charging interval length, and described continuous N the detection cycle detected
When total charging interval length is more than continuous N detection cycle preset charged time span, determine currently quilt
The touch key-press that the electric capacity key circuit unit of detection is corresponding is touched, wherein M >=1.
It is also preferred that the left described second reference voltage is less than or equal to described first reference voltage.
The touch detection circuit provided according to embodiments of the present invention, by by key induced electrode over the ground each
Parasitic capacitance becomes the key induced electrode parasitic capacitance to a current potential controllable node, will key induced electricity
The parasitic self-capacitance of pole becomes the mutual capacitance to current potential controllable node of the key induced electrode, by switching capacity electricity
Road changes the current potential under controllable node out of phase thus eliminates the parasitic capacitance impact on count value, thus reaches
To eliminating the interference that the liquid such as water introduce.
Accompanying drawing explanation
For the technical scheme being illustrated more clearly that in the embodiment of the present invention, institute in embodiment being described below
The accompanying drawing used is needed to briefly introduce, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawing in describing below is only the present invention's
Some embodiments, from the point of view of those of ordinary skill in the art, in the premise not paying creative work
Under, it is also possible to other accompanying drawing is obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
The circuit diagram of the touch key-press detection that Fig. 1 is used by relaxor technology in prior art；
The touch key-press top view that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention；
The touch key-press profile that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention；
The structural representation of a kind of touch key-press testing circuit that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention；
The equivalent circuit comprising parasitic capacitance in the electric capacity key circuit unit that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram；
The clock signal schematic diagram being applied to touch key-press testing circuit that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to this
Bright it is described in further detail, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention,
Rather than whole embodiments.
As in figure 2 it is shown, the touch key-press top view provided for the embodiment of the present invention.It should be noted that figure
The superiors of the touch key-press top view that 2 are illustrated typically cover a layer insulating, do not indicate at this.
Fig. 2 includes two adjacent electric touch key-presss: be respectively touch key-press 2001 and touch key-press 2002, often
Individual touch key-press comprises shield electrode and key induced electrode.Concrete, in Fig. 2, touch key-press 2001
Include key induced electrode PA1, and surround shield electrode PB1 of key induced electrode PA1；Touch
Button 2002 includes key induced electrode PA2, and surrounds the shield electrode of key induced electrode PA2
PB2.Key induced electrode PA1 in the finger of user touches touch key-press 2001 or touch by
During key induced electrode PA2 in key 2002, with key induced electrode PA1 or key induced electrode PA2
The charging interval length of corresponding button electric capacity, thus detect whether touch key-press is touched.Each
Shield electrode in touch key-press is usually and is made by copper foil, certainly can also be by other materials system
Make.Shield electrode in each touch key-press gets up the key induced electrodes surrounding in this touch key-press, this
Sample may insure that electric field line that key induced electrode launches to surrounding volume all with this shield electrode as terminal, resistance
Only key induced electrode forms parasitic capacitance with earth terminal, other nodes etc., it is achieved will be by key induced electrode
The parasitic capacitance produced is converted into the parasitic capacitance between key induced electrode and shield electrode.
The operation principle of touch key-press is described below by touch key-press profile.
As it is shown on figure 3, the touch key-press profile provided for the embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 3 includes two phases
Adjacent touch key-press: be respectively touch key-press 2001 and touch key-press 2002.The button of touch key-press 2001
Electric capacity C1It is made up of electric capacity button bottom electrode 10 and key induced electrode PA1, electric capacity button bottom electrode
It is pcb board 9 between 10 and key induced electrode PA1；Shield electrode and key induced electrode PA1 are same
One layer, being positioned on shield electrode and key induced electrode PA1 is button insulating barrier 11.Touch key-press 2002
Button electric capacity C2It is made up of electric capacity button bottom electrode 10 and key induced electrode PA2, electric capacity button
It is pcb board 9 between bottom electrode 10 and key induced electrode PA2.Each touch key-press mainly can be by two
The interference of kind of parasitic capacitance: parasitic capacitance between button capacitive sensing electrode in two adjacent touch key-presss
And parasitic capacitance between key induced electrode and shield electrode in touch key-press.In Fig. 3, CP0For touching
Button capacitive sensing electrode PA2 in button capacitive sensing electrode PA1 and touch key-press 2002 in button 2001
Between parasitic capacitance, CP1For electrode PA1 key induced in touch key-press 2001 and shield electrode PB1
Between parasitic capacitance, CP2For electrode PA2 key induced in touch key-press 2002 and shield electrode PB2
Between parasitic capacitance.
Whether touch key-press testing circuit detection button electric capacity is touched and includes two stages: button electric capacity discharges
Stage and button electric capacity charging stage.When detecting button electric capacity, first it is button electric capacity discharge regime, logical
Cross and button electric capacity is discharged into zero potential.After the electric discharge of button electric capacity terminates, start button electric capacity charging rank
Section, is charged to button electric capacity by a charge power supply, and calculates the charging interval, when the voltage of button electric capacity reaches
During to predeterminated voltage, the charging of button electric capacity terminates.If button electric capacity is touched, the now electricity of button electric capacity
Holding capacity and become big, the charging interval that button electric capacity is charged to predeterminated voltage is elongated, now touch key-press detection electricity
Road detects that the charging interval length of button electric capacity is more than preset charged time span, so that it is determined that go out this button
Electric capacity is touched.When having water or liquid to cover on touch key-press, make parasitic capacitance become big, cause button electricity
The capacitance held becomes big so that the charging interval length of button electric capacity, touches effect to finger similar,
Touch key-press testing circuit is caused to be judged by accident.
In order to obtain testing result accurately, it is preferred that calculate current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
The charging interval length that continuous N detection cycle of middle button electric capacity is total, and described continuous N detected
When total charging interval length of individual detection cycle is more than continuous N detection cycle preset charged time span,
Determine that the touch key-press that current detected electric capacity key circuit unit is corresponding is touched, wherein M >=1.
The preset charged time span of current detected electric capacity key circuit unit is usually according to button electric capacity
The factors such as capacitance determine.
To this end, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of touch key-press testing circuit, this touch key-press testing circuit
The change of the button capacitor charging time length caused by parasitic capacitance can be eliminated.By by electric capacity key circuit
In unit, to become key induced electrode controlled to a current potential for key induced electrode each parasitic capacitance over the ground
The parasitic capacitance of node, will the parasitic self-capacitance of key induced electrode become key induced electrode can to current potential
The mutual capacitance of control node, changes the current potential under controllable node out of phase by switched-capacitor circuit thus eliminates
The parasitic capacitance impact on count value, thus reach to eliminate the interference that the liquid such as water introduce.Concrete, refer to
Following example.
As shown in Figure 4, a kind of touch key-press testing circuit that the embodiment of the present invention provides, including electric capacity button
Circuit unit, charge power supply 205, testing circuit unit the 204, first switch element 201 and second are opened
Closing unit 202, electric capacity key circuit unit is N number of, and N >=1 shows electric capacity key circuit list in Fig. 4
Unit 2031 and electric capacity key circuit unit 2032, wherein electric capacity key circuit unit 2031 is pressed corresponding to touch
Key 2001, electric capacity key circuit unit 2032 is corresponding to touch key-press 2002.Each electric capacity key circuit list
Unit is connected with testing circuit unit 204 selectivity by the first switch element 201；
For arbitrary electric capacity key circuit unit, electric capacity key circuit unit include button electric capacity, shield electrode,
First switch and second switch；First end of button electric capacity, first end and described second of described first switch
First end of switch, is connected with charge power supply 205 selectivity, button electric capacity and the second of second switch respectively
End ground connection respectively, the second end of the first switch connects the first reference voltage Vref1Input；Shield electrode is led to
Cross described second switch unit selectivity between the input and earth terminal of described first reference voltage to be connected.
It should be noted that only illustrate as a example by 2 electric capacity key circuit unit in Fig. 4, electric capacity is pressed
Key circuit unit is the description that the situation of other quantity is referred to the embodiment of the present invention, does not repeats them here.
Concrete, with the electric capacity key circuit unit 2031 in Fig. 4 and electric capacity key circuit unit 2032 it is
Example, electric capacity key circuit unit 2031 includes button electric capacity C1, shield electrode PB1, first switch SW1
With second switch SW2；Button electric capacity C1The first end, the first switch first end of SW1 and second switch
First end of SW2, is selected with charge power supply 205 respectively by the switch SW9 in the first switch element 201
Selecting property connects, button electric capacity C1With the second end ground connection respectively of second switch SW2, the first switch SW1
The second end connect the first reference voltage Vref1Input；Shield electrode PB1 passes through second switch unit 202
Input Vref at the first reference voltage1It is connected with selectivity between earth terminal GND.Electric capacity key circuit
Unit 2032 includes button electric capacity C2, shield electrode PB2, first switch SW7 and second switch SW8；
Button electric capacity C2The first end, the first switch first end of SW7 and first end of second switch SW8,
It is connected with charge power supply 205 selectivity respectively by the switch SW10 in the first switch element 201, button
Electric capacity C2With the second end respectively ground connection of second switch SW8, second end of the first switch SW7 connects the
One reference voltage Vref1Input；Shield electrode PB2 is electric in the first reference by second switch unit 202
Pressure Vref1Input and earth terminal GND between selectivity be connected.
First switch element 201 comprises N road and selects switch, and every road selects switch and an electric capacity key circuit
Unit connects, and the N road in described first switch element selects switch to select to open on the only road of same time
Close Guan Bi.In Fig. 4, the switch SW9 in the first switch element 201 and electric capacity key circuit unit 2031
Connecting, SW10 is connected with electric capacity key circuit unit 2032.
Second switch unit 202 includes the 3rd switch SW3 and the 4th switch SW4；N number of electric capacity button electricity
In the unit of road, the shield electrode in each electric capacity key circuit unit is connected by the 3rd switch SW3 selectivity
Earth terminal GND, by the 4th switch SW4 selectivity connect the first reference voltage Vref1Input.One
As, for an electric capacity key circuit unit in N number of electric capacity key circuit unit, at this electric capacity button electricity
The charging stage of the button electric capacity in the unit of road, the shield electrode in this electric capacity key circuit unit passes through the 4th
Switch SW4 connects the first reference voltage Vref1Input；Button electricity in this electric capacity key circuit unit
The discharge regime held, the shield electrode in this electric capacity key circuit unit is connect by the 3rd switch SW3
Ground end GND.
Testing circuit unit 204 includes wave filter 2041, comparator 2042 and processor 2043.Filtering
The input of device 2041 is connected by the outfan of the first switch element 201 with N number of electric capacity key circuit unit
Connecing, the outfan of wave filter 2041 is connected with the first input end of comparator 2042, comparator 2042
Outfan is connected with processor 2043；Second input of comparator 2042 and the second reference voltage Vref2
Input connect；The input of wave filter 2041 connects charge power supply 205, and by the 5th switch
SW5 selectivity connects earth terminal GND, and connecting between wave filter 2041 and comparator 2042 has the 6th to open
Closing first end of SW6, second end of the 6th switch SW6 connects earth terminal GND.Testing circuit unit
In 204, wave filter 2041 plays the effect filtered from outside interference, and the Radio frequency interference such as mobile phone is contour
Frequency interference signal.Charge power supply 205 uses constant-current source structure；First reference voltage Vref1And second ginseng
Examine voltage Vref0Generated by reference voltage circuit, prior art has multiple implementation, the most superfluous at this
State.Preferably, the second reference voltage Vref2Less than or equal to the first reference voltage Vref1。
Switch in first switch element 201, the switch in second switch unit 202, Mei Ge electricity in Fig. 4
Hold the switch in key circuit unit and the switch in testing circuit unit 204 all can use various structures
Circuit realiration, such as PMOS, NMOS tube or cmos switch etc., the most do not limit to these and open
The implementation closed, switch Guan Bi when only definition switch control voltage is high level, switch control voltage is low
Switch off during level.
In conjunction with Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, it may be determined that the electric capacity key circuit unit going out each touch key-press corresponding comprises
Two kinds of parasitic capacitances: parasitic capacitance CP between button capacitive sensing electrode in two adjacent touch key-presss0,
And parasitic capacitance CP of key induced electrode and shield electrode in touch key-press1Time equivalent circuit diagram.Tool
Body, as it is shown in figure 5, comprise parasitic capacitance in the electric capacity key circuit unit of embodiment of the present invention offer
Schematic equivalent circuit.In Fig. 5, parasitic capacitance CP that electric capacity key circuit unit 2031 comprises1?
One end is connected with shield electrode PB1 of electric capacity key circuit unit 2031, the second end and electric capacity button electricity
The button electric capacity C of road unit 20311The first end be connected.What electric capacity key circuit unit 2031 comprised posts
Raw electric capacity CP0The button electric capacity C of the first end and electric capacity key circuit unit 20322The first end be connected,
Second end and the button electric capacity C of electric capacity key circuit unit 20311The first end be connected.Electric capacity button electricity
The equivalent circuit of the parasitic capacitance that road unit 2032 comprises is referred to Fig. 5, does not repeats them here.
Determine whether detection touch key-press is touched, be the electric capacity button corresponding by detecting each touch key-press
Difference between charging interval length and the preset charged time span of the button electric capacity in circuit unit, in inspection
The charging interval length measuring the button electric capacity in electric capacity key circuit unit is more than preset charged time span
Time, determine that the touch key-press that current detected electric capacity key circuit unit is corresponding is touched.
During detection touch key-press, an electric capacity key circuit unit includes two rank within a detection cycle
Section: the detected button electric capacity charging stage in electric capacity key circuit unit；And detected electric capacity presses
Button electric capacity discharge regime in key circuit unit.
In N number of electric capacity key circuit unit in the detection cycle of an electric capacity key circuit unit
The button electric capacity charging stage, electric with current detected electric capacity button by controlling in described first switch element
The switch Guan Bi that road unit connects, in order to by currently detected electric capacity key circuit unit and described detection electricity
Road connects, and by described testing circuit to the button electric capacity in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
Charging；
Control the shield electrode of each electric capacity key circuit unit in described N number of electric capacity key circuit unit to lead to
Cross described second switch unit to be connected with the input of described first reference voltage, in order to current detected
Electric capacity key circuit unit in button electric capacity be charged during, by described N number of electric capacity button electricity
In the unit of road, the shield electrode of each electric capacity key circuit unit is pulled up to the first reference voltage, current to eliminate
The parasitic capacitance between shield electrode and button electric capacity in detected electric capacity key circuit unit；
In the current detected electric capacity key circuit unit of control first switches off, second switch disconnects,
Except when in remaining electric capacity key circuit unit beyond front detected electric capacity key circuit unit first
Switch Guan Bi, second switch disconnect, in order to the button in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
During electric capacity is charged, by the first end of the button electric capacity in remaining electric capacity key circuit unit described
Be pulled up to the first reference voltage, with eliminate button electric capacity in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit with
The parasitic capacitance between button electric capacity in adjacent capacitor key circuit unit.
While button electric capacity in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit is charged, detection is single
Comparator in unit compares the second reference voltage of the voltage of this button electric capacity and the second input of comparator
Vref2Size, meanwhile, processor in testing circuit unit calculates current detected electric capacity key circuit
The charging interval of button electric capacity in unit.Voltage at this button electric capacity is more than the second reference voltage Vref2's
In a flash, one signal of comparator output is to the processor in testing circuit unit.Processor determines this button
The charging interval length of electric capacity, when described charging interval length being detected more than preset charged time span,
Determine that the touch key-press that current detected electric capacity key circuit unit is corresponding is touched.Simultaneous processor is opened
Originate and send process signal, enter the discharge regime of button electric capacity.
In N number of electric capacity key circuit unit in the detection cycle of an electric capacity key circuit unit
Button electric capacity discharge regime, electric with current detected electric capacity button by controlling in described first switch element
The switch Guan Bi that road unit connects, in order to by currently detected electric capacity key circuit unit and described detection electricity
Road connects, and by described testing circuit to the button electric capacity in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
Electric discharge；Control the shield electrode in each electric capacity key circuit unit in described N number of electric capacity key circuit unit
It is connected with earth terminal by described second switch unit, in order to by the protection in each electric capacity key circuit unit
The voltage zero setting of electrode；Control in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit first to switch off, the
Two switch off, except when remaining the electric capacity key circuit list beyond front detected electric capacity key circuit unit
In unit first switches off, second switch Guan Bi, in order to except when front detected electric capacity key circuit
The button electric capacity in remaining electric capacity key circuit unit beyond unit discharges.
One electric capacity key circuit unit detection large period was combined by M the detection cycle of continuous print, M
>=1, processor 2043 by M detection cycle detection result cumulative after, obtain M detection cycle total
Charging interval, pre-more than M detection cycle of M detection cycle total charging interval length detected
If during charging interval length, determine that the touch key-press that current detected electric capacity key circuit unit is corresponding is subject to
Touch.
Concrete, the processor in testing circuit unit, with specific reference to detection sequential, performs:
When the detection cycle of current detected electric capacity key circuit unit arrives, control the described 5th and open
Close, described 6th switch closes ground connection, controls to press with current detected electric capacity in described first switch element
The switch Guan Bi that key circuit unit connects, in order to by currently detected electric capacity key circuit unit and described inspection
Slowdown monitoring circuit connects；Control in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit first to switch off, second open
Close and disconnect, control remaining the electric capacity key circuit unit in addition to current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
In first switch off, second switch Guan Bi, in order to pressing in described N number of electric capacity key circuit unit
Key electric capacity discharges；
When the button electric capacity discharge regime end time arrives, control described 5th switch, described 6th switch
Disconnect, control in remaining the electric capacity key circuit unit in addition to current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
The first switch Guan Bi, second switch disconnect, keep in described current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
First switch off, second switch disconnects；Button in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
During electric capacity charging, the voltage of the first input end of described comparator gradually draws high, when reaching described the
During the value of two reference voltages, the output signal of described comparator overturns；
After processor detects the output signal upset of comparator, control described 5th switch, the described 6th open
Close splice grafting ground, control the electric capacity key circuit unit in addition to current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
In first switch off, second switch Guan Bi, control described second switch ground connection.
By said process to the continuous charging and discharging of button electric capacity in electric capacity key circuit unit, detection
Whether the touch key-press going out electric capacity key circuit unit corresponding is touched.
Below by one electric capacity key circuit unit of description of clock signal within a detection cycle, touch
The duty of unit in key press detecting circuit.
As shown in Figure 6, the clock signal being applied to touch key-press testing circuit provided for the embodiment of the present invention
Sequence schematic diagram.In below describing, the first control signal PH1, the second control signal PH2, the 3rd control letter
Number PH3, the 4th control signal PH4 are 1 to be expressed as high level, are 0 expression low level.
In conjunction with Fig. 4 to Fig. 5, the cycle phase of the first control signal PH1 and the second control signal PH2 in Fig. 6
Deng, the opposite in phase of signal.The widest length of high level of the first control signal PH1 is fixed, and puts for electric capacity
Electricity time span, button capacitor charging time is determined by low level time span by current source, button electric capacity
Capacity the biggest, the charging interval of button electric capacity is the longest, the low duration of the first control signal PH1
The longest.The cycle of the 3rd control signal PH3 and the 4th control signal PH4 is equal, the phase place of signal
On the contrary.The time duration of the high level of the 3rd control signal PH3 and electric capacity key circuit unit 2031
Detection large period time duration identical, the persistent period of the high level of the 4th control signal PH4 is long
Spending identical with the time duration detecting large period of electric capacity key circuit unit 2032, button detection is big
Cycle was made up of M detection cycle, M >=1.Second switch unit 202 is each electric capacity key circuit list
The phase place of the voltage VPB that the shield electrode in unit provides is identical with the second control signal PH2, during high level
Voltage be the first reference voltage Vref1, voltage during low level is 0.Filter in testing circuit unit 204
The voltage NVC of the input of ripple device 2041 is 0 when the first control signal PH1 is high level, first
Control signal PH1 becomes VC from high level saltus step to low level moment2, then in the first control signal
The duration that PH1 maintaining low level, linear rise is to the second reference voltage Vref2, now first controls letter
Number PH1 is by low transition to high level, and the voltage NVC of the input of wave filter 2041 becomes 0.
First control signal PH1 controls switch SW3, SW5, SW6；Second control signal PH2 controls
Switch SW4；3rd control signal PH3 controls switch SW9, and the 4th control signal PH4 controls switch
SW10.When electric capacity key circuit unit 2031 is detected, the 3rd control signal PH3 is high level, the
Four control signals PH4 are low level.When electric capacity key circuit unit 2032 is detected, the 4th controls letter
Number PH4 is high level, and the 3rd control signal PH3 is low level.First control signal PH1 and the 3rd control
Signal PH3 processed with after Signal-controlled switch SW8；First control signal PH1 and the 4th controls letter
Number PH4 with after Signal-controlled switch SW2；Second control signal PH2 and the 3rd control signal PH3
With after Signal-controlled switch SW7；Second control signal PH2 and the phase of the 4th control signal PH4
Signal-controlled switch SW1 after with.First control signal PH1, the second control signal PH2, the 3rd control
Signal PH3, the 4th control signal PH4 are produced by the processor 2043 in testing circuit unit 204.
Button electric capacity C in detection electric capacity key circuit unit 20311Time, first it is button electric capacity C1
Discharge regime.At discharge regime, the first control signal PH1 is high level, the second control signal PH2
For low level, the 3rd control signal PH3 is high level, and the 4th control signal PH4 is low level.Now
Switch SW9, SW8, SW5, SW6, SW3 Guan Bi, switch SW1, SW2, SW10, SW7,
SW4 disconnects, button electric capacity C1And button electric capacity C2Two ends all connect earth terminal, voltage is set to 0；
Shield electrode PB1 and shield electrode PB2 connect earth terminal, and voltage is set to 0.The persistent period knot of electric discharge
Shu Hou, starts button electric capacity C1It is charged.
At button electric capacity C1Charging stage, the first control signal PH1 becomes low level, second control letter
Number PH2 becomes high level, and the 3rd control signal PH3 maintains high level constant, the 4th control signal PH4
Maintenance low level is constant.Now switch SW9, SW7, SW4 Guan Bi, switch SW1, SW2, SW3,
SW5, SW6, SW8, SW10 disconnect.Second switch unit 202 is each electric capacity key circuit unit
In shield electrode provide voltage VPB become Vref from 01, i.e. shield electrode PB1 and shield electrode
The voltage of PB2 moves Vref to1；Button electric capacity C1It is connected with charge power supply 205, and starts to charge up, compare
Device 2042 starts output signal output and starts counting up to processor 2043, processor 2043；Button electric capacity
C2With the first reference voltage Vref1Outfan connect, the input terminal voltage NVC of wave filter 2041 is from 0
Skip to VC2.Parasitism from the equivalent circuit of Fig. 5 it can be seen that in electric capacity key circuit unit 2031
Electric capacity CP0Both end voltage be respectively the first reference voltage Vref1And button electric capacity C1Voltage, parasitic
Electric capacity CP1Both end voltage be respectively the first reference voltage Vref1And button electric capacity C1Voltage.Due to
Button electric capacity C1Voltage more than the second reference voltage Vref2Be discharged in a flash, therefore button electric capacity
C1Maximum voltage equal to the second reference voltage Vref2。
Button electric capacity C1Voltage more than the second reference voltage Vref2In a flash, comparator 2042 exports
Output signal upset, be low level the most originally, overturn as high level；Processor 2043 receives ratio
After the energizing signal of the output signal of relatively device 2042 output, stop counting, determine testing result and start
Start and detect the cycle next time.
The next detection cycle can continue to detect button electric capacity C1, it is also possible to detection button electric capacity C2, inspection
The principle surveyed and same as described above.Preferably, in order to obtain testing result more accurately, in detection
During one electric capacity key circuit unit, typically determine this electricity by the testing result in continuous print multiple detection cycle
Hold whether key circuit unit is touched.As shown in Figure 6, at detection electric capacity key circuit unit 2031
Time, M detection cycle of continuous detecting, M >=1.In M detection cycle being detected, electric capacity button
When the total charging interval length of circuit unit 2031 is more than M detection cycle preset charged time span, can
To determine that the touch key-press of electric capacity key circuit unit 2031 correspondence is touched.
In conjunction with Fig. 4 to Fig. 6, the touch detection circuit providing the embodiment of the present invention eliminates the former of parasitic capacitance
Reason is analyzed.PH1 is high level, when PH2 is low level, the input NVC's of wave filter 2041
The quantity of electric charge is Q1, now the input terminal voltage NVC of wave filter 2041 is pulled to zero potential:
Q1=0 formula 1
PH2 is become high level moment from low level, and shield electrode voltage is become Vref from zero1, electric capacity button
The voltage of the induction electrode of circuit unit 2032 is become Vref from zero1, the input terminal voltage of wave filter 2041
The quantity of electric charge be Q2, the voltage of the input NVC of wave filter 2041 is VC2:
Q2=(VC2-Vref1)·(CP0+CP1)+(VC2-0)·C1Formula 2
According to charge conservation Q1=Q2, simultaneous formula 1 and formula 2, VC can be obtained2Value be:
When charge power supply 205 is to button electric capacity C1Charging, button electric capacity C1Voltage more than Vref2After, than
The output signal of relatively device 2042 output becomes high level, completes a charge cycle, and PH2 is by processor 2043
It is set to low level, if the persistent period of the high level of PH2 is T, the input of this moment wave filter 2041
The quantity of electric charge of NVC is Q3, the voltage of the input NVC of wave filter 2041 and the first of comparator 2042
The voltage of input is equal, approximates the voltage of the second input of comparator 2042: Vref2, now may be used
To obtain equation 4 below and formula 5:
Q3-Q2=I × T=(Vref2-VC2)×(CP0+CP1+C1) formula 4
Obtained by formula 5, if Vref2=Vref1Time, the duration T of the high level of PH2 and parasitic capacitance CP0、
CP1Unrelated；Work as Vref2<Vref1Time, the duration T of the high level of PH2 is with parasitic capacitance CP0、CP1
Increase and reduce.When finger touch key-press, button electric capacity C1Increase, continuing of the high level of PH2
Time T becomes big, and when occurring on the present touch key-press of the liquid discharges such as water, CP0, CP1Can become big, but
The duration T of the high level of PH2 is constant or diminishes, and is not result in that processor 2043 is judged by accident.When
Vref2>Vref1Time, formula 5 can know, the parasitic capacitance shadow to the duration T of the high level of PH2
Ring and diminish, so at this time the interference of the liquid such as water droplet have also been obtained suppression, now Vref1Closer to Vref2,
The strongest to the rejection ability of the liquid interference such as water droplet.Summary, it is preferred that the first reference voltage Vref1It is equal to
Or more than the second reference voltage Vref2；First reference voltage Vref1Less than the second reference voltage Vref2Time,
It is closer to the second reference voltage Vref2, the strongest to the rejection ability of the liquid interference such as water droplet.
Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, but those skilled in the art once know base
This creativeness concept, then can make other change and amendment to these embodiments.So, appended right is wanted
Ask and be intended to be construed to include preferred embodiment and fall into all changes and the amendment of the scope of the invention.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various change and modification without deviating from this to the present invention
Bright spirit and scope.So, if the present invention these amendment and modification belong to the claims in the present invention and
Within the scope of its equivalent technologies, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.
Claims (14)
1. a touch key-press testing circuit, it is characterised in that including: electric capacity key circuit unit, inspection
Slowdown monitoring circuit unit, the first switch element and second switch unit, described electric capacity key circuit unit is N number of,
N >=1, each electric capacity key circuit unit is by described first switch element with testing circuit Unit selection even
Connect；
Described electric capacity key circuit unit includes button electric capacity, shield electrode, the first switch and second switch；
First end of described button electric capacity, the first end of described first switch and the first end of described second switch, point
Not being connected with the charge power supply selectivity in described testing circuit unit, described button electric capacity and described second is opened
The second end closed ground connection respectively, the second end of described first switch connects the first reference voltage input terminal.
2. touch key-press testing circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described testing circuit
Unit is used for:
Control the switch being connected in described first switch element with current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
Guan Bi；
Control the shield electrode of each electric capacity key circuit unit in described N number of electric capacity key circuit unit to lead to
Cross described second switch unit to be connected with the input of described first reference voltage；
In the current detected electric capacity key circuit unit of control first switches off, second switch disconnects,
Except when in remaining electric capacity key circuit unit beyond front detected electric capacity key circuit unit first
Switch Guan Bi, second switch disconnect.
3. touch key-press testing circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described testing circuit
Unit is used for:
Control the switch being connected in described first switch element with current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
Guan Bi；
Control the shield electrode in each electric capacity key circuit unit in described N number of electric capacity key circuit unit
It is connected with earth terminal by described second switch unit；
In the current detected electric capacity key circuit unit of control first switches off, second switch disconnects,
Except when in remaining electric capacity key circuit unit beyond front detected electric capacity key circuit unit first
Switch off, second switch closes.
4. touch key-press testing circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described second switch
Unit includes the 3rd switch and the 4th switch；
In described N number of electric capacity key circuit unit, the shield electrode in each electric capacity key circuit unit is passed through
Described 3rd switch selectivity connects earth terminal, connects the first reference voltage by described 4th switch selectivity
Input.
5. touch key-press testing circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described first switch
Unit comprises N road and selects switch, and every road selects switch to be connected with an electric capacity key circuit unit, and described
N road in first switch element selects switch to only have a road in the same time and selects switch Guan Bi.
6. touch key-press testing circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described touch key-press
Testing circuit also includes: wave filter, comparator, processor；
The input of described wave filter is by described first switch element and described N number of electric capacity key circuit list
The outfan of unit connects, and the outfan of described wave filter is connected with the first input end of described comparator, described
The outfan of comparator is connected with described processor；Second input of described comparator and the second reference voltage
Input connect；
The input of described wave filter connects charge power supply, and by the 5th switch selectivity ground connection, described
By the 6th switch selectivity ground connection between wave filter and described comparator.
7. touch key-press testing circuit as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that described process utensil
Body is used for, and according to detection sequential, performs:
When the detection cycle of current detected electric capacity key circuit unit arrives, control the described 5th and open
Pass, described 6th switch ground connection, control in described first switch element electric with current detected electric capacity button
The switch Guan Bi that road unit connects；Control the first switch in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit disconnected
Open, second switch disconnects, and controls the electric capacity button electricity in addition to current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
In the unit of road first switches off, second switch Guan Bi；
When the button electric capacity discharge regime end time arrives, control described 5th switch, described 6th switch
Disconnect, control the in the electric capacity key circuit unit in addition to the electric capacity key circuit unit being currently detected
One switch Guan Bi, second switch disconnect, and keep the in described current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
One switch off, second switch disconnects；Button electric capacity in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
During charging, the voltage of the first input end of described comparator gradually draws high, when reaching described second ginseng
When examining the value of voltage, the output signal of described comparator overturns；
After described processor detects the output signal upset of described comparator, control described 5th switch, institute
State the 6th switch ground connection, control the electric capacity key circuit in addition to current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
In unit first switches off, second switch Guan Bi, controls described second switch ground connection.
8. touch key-press testing circuit as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that described processor is also
For:
Calculate continuous N the detection cycle of button electric capacity in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit total
Charging interval length, and detecting that total charging interval length of described continuous N detection cycle is more than
During continuous N detection cycle preset charged time span, determine current detected electric capacity key circuit list
The touch key-press of unit's correspondence is touched, wherein M >=1.
9. touch key-press testing circuit as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that described second reference
Voltage is less than or equal to described first reference voltage.
10. the detection side of the touch key-press testing circuit that a kind is applied to as described in claim 1 to 9 is arbitrary
Method, it is characterised in that including:
The button electric capacity charging stage:
Control in the first switch element of described touch key-press testing circuit and current detected electric capacity button
The switch Guan Bi that circuit unit connects；
Control each electric capacity button electricity in N number of electric capacity key circuit unit of described touch key-press testing circuit
The shield electrode of road unit is electric by second switch unit and first reference of described touch key-press testing circuit
The input of pressure connects；
In the current detected electric capacity key circuit unit of control first switches off, second switch disconnects,
Except when in remaining electric capacity key circuit unit beyond front detected electric capacity key circuit unit first
Switch Guan Bi, second switch disconnect.
11. methods as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that also include:
Button electric capacity discharge regime；
Control the switch being connected in described first switch element with current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
Guan Bi；
Control the shield electrode in each electric capacity key circuit unit in described N number of electric capacity key circuit unit
It is connected with earth terminal by described second switch unit；
In the current detected electric capacity key circuit unit of control first switches off, second switch disconnects,
Except when in remaining electric capacity key circuit unit beyond front detected electric capacity key circuit unit first
Switch off, second switch closes.
12. methods as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that at current detected electric capacity button
When detection cycle of circuit unit arrives, control the 5th switch in described touch key-press testing circuit, the 6th
Switch ground connection, controls to be connected with the electric capacity key circuit unit being currently detected in described first switch element
Switch Guan Bi；In the current detected electric capacity key circuit unit of control first switches off, second switch
Disconnect, control the in the electric capacity key circuit unit in addition to the electric capacity key circuit unit being currently detected
One switch off, second switch Guan Bi；
When the button electric capacity discharge regime end time arrives, control described 5th switch, described 6th switch
Disconnect, control the in the electric capacity key circuit unit in addition to the electric capacity key circuit unit being currently detected
One switch Guan Bi, second switch disconnect, and keep the in described current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
One switch off, second switch disconnects；Button electric capacity in current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
During charging, the voltage of the first input end of the comparator in described touch key-press testing circuit gradually draws
Rising, when reaching the value of the second reference voltage, the output signal controlling described comparator overturns；
After described processor detects the output signal upset of described comparator, control described 5th switch, institute
State the 6th switch ground connection, control the electric capacity key circuit in addition to current detected electric capacity key circuit unit
In unit first switches off, second switch Guan Bi, controls described second switch ground connection.
13. methods as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that control described processor and calculate current
The charging interval that in detected electric capacity key circuit unit, continuous N the detection cycle of button electric capacity is total is long
Degree, and detecting that total charging interval length of described continuous N detection cycle is more than continuous N detection
During cycle preset charged time span, determine touch that current detected electric capacity key circuit unit is corresponding by
Key is touched, wherein M >=1.
14. methods as claimed in claim 12, it is characterised in that described second reference voltage less than or
Equal to described first reference voltage.
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| CN201510115175.1A CN106033965B (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2015-03-16 | A kind of touch key-press detection circuit and its detection method |
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| CN108092657A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-05-29 | 无锡市瀚为科技有限公司 | A kind of capacitor type touch switch and its triggering method of touch electrode structuring |
| CN108614161A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-10-02 | 青岛澳科仪器有限责任公司 | A kind of capacitance measurement system |
| CN108631762A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2018-10-09 | 台湾类比科技股份有限公司 | Touch-control system for waterproof |
| CN110224695A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-09-10 | 长沙景美集成电路设计有限公司 | A kind of hardware waterproof capacitance touch button circuit |
| CN111578439A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-25 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Wet hand detection device, drive-by-wire ware and air conditioner of touch button |
| CN113054983A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-29 | 深圳前海维晟智能技术有限公司 | Dense capacitive touch key circuit supporting hardware waterproofing |
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| CN106033965B (en) | 2019-05-14 |
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Address after: 519085 High-tech Zone, Tangjiawan Town, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: ACTIONS TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 519085 High-tech Zone, Tangjiawan Town, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: ACTIONS (ZHUHAI) TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |