CN106033834A - Antenna structure - Google Patents

Antenna structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106033834A
CN106033834A CN201510111494.5A CN201510111494A CN106033834A CN 106033834 A CN106033834 A CN 106033834A CN 201510111494 A CN201510111494 A CN 201510111494A CN 106033834 A CN106033834 A CN 106033834A
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China
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section
radiant
linkage
antenna
secondary segment
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CN201510111494.5A
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CN106033834B (en
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黄嘉民
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Mitac Computer Kunshan Co Ltd
Getac Technology Corp
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Mitac Computer Kunshan Co Ltd
Mitac Technology Corp
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Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna structure, comprising a grounding part, a planar inverted F antenna and a mirror image radiation part; the mirror image radiation part is configured by corresponding to the planar inverted F antenna; a first auxiliary segment of the mirror image radiation part and a first radiation segment of the planar inverted F antenna extend oppositely; and the first auxiliary segment comprises a physical length identical to the physical length of the first radiation segment; a second auxiliary segment of the mirror image radiation part and a second radiation segment of the planar inverted F antenna extend oppositely; and the second auxiliary segment comprises a physical length identical to the physical length of the second radiation segment; the first radiation segment and the first auxiliary segment support a first frequency band; the second radiation segment and the second auxiliary segment support a second frequency band; and the second frequency band is greater than the first frequency band and is not superposed with the first frequency band.

Description

Antenna structure
[technical field]
The present invention is about a kind of antenna structure, a kind of for wideband and can the antenna that uses of multiband Structure.
[background technology]
Along with mechanics of communication is flourish, electronic installation is the most universal, such as: panel computer, notebook Computer, mobile phone and multimedia player.And in order to meet the demand of people, electronic installation is generally of The function of wireless telecommunications, such as: electronic installation uses 2G, 3G, LTE (Long Term Evolution) Even 5G mechanics of communication communicates wirelessly.And LTE system use 700MHz, 800MHz, 900MHz, The frequency band of 1700MHz, 1800MHz, 1900MHz, 2100MHz, 2300MHz and 2600MHz is carried out Communication.Regardless of whether use which kind of mechanics of communication, wireless telecommunications are all to carry out transmitting/receiving wireless signal via antenna.
Along with the fast development of wireless communication technique, wireless communication applications is more and more extensive.In order to compatibility is many The demand of individual bandwidth, double frequency or multifrequency antenna also grows with each passing day.At electronic installation increasingly towards frivolous Change under development, planar inverted-F antenna (Planar Inverted F Antenna;PIFA) antenna is the most widely Electronic installation is used.
The center frequency of operation that planar inverted-F antenna produces is relevant with the length of antenna.The length of planar inverted-F antenna Degree need to be equal to 1/2nd wavelength (λ/2) corresponding to required mid frequency or 1/4th (λ/4) wavelength. Therefore, in a limited space, only by changing the length of planar inverted-F antenna to contain different demand simultaneously Center frequency of operation be a major challenge for designer.
[summary of the invention]
In one embodiment, a kind of antenna structure includes grounding parts, planar inverted-F antenna and mirror image Department of Radiation. Grounding parts includes ground section and the first linkage section.Planar inverted-F antenna include the first radiant section, the second linkage section, Second radiant section and load point.Mirror image Department of Radiation includes the first secondary segment and the second secondary segment.Wherein, first Radiant section and the first secondary segment support one first frequency range.Second radiant section and the second secondary segment support the second frequency range. Second frequency range is more than the first frequency range and not overlapping with the first frequency range.
In this, the first end of the first linkage section couples ground section.First end of the second linkage section couples the first spoke First end of the section of penetrating.Second end of the second linkage section couples the second end of the first linkage section.Second radiation section Between the first radiant section and the bearing of trend of ground section.Between the second radiant section and the first radiant section interval first Gap.First end of the second radiant section couples the second linkage section.Load point position is on the second end of the second linkage section.
Mirror image Department of Radiation couples planar inverted-F antenna.First end of the first secondary segment couples the of the second linkage section One end, and the first secondary segment and the first radiant section are with relative direction extension.First secondary segment includes substantially It is same as the physical length of the first radiant section.Second auxiliary section is in the extension side of the first secondary segment Yu grounding parts Between to.Second secondary segment and the first secondary segment are spaced the second gap.First end of the second secondary segment couples Two linkage sections, and the second secondary segment and the second radiant section are with relative direction extension.Second secondary segment includes reality The physical length of the second radiant section it is same as in matter.
In sum, produce the sky of multiband by mirror image and the mode coupled according to the antenna structure of the present invention Line, to cause the exercisable frequency range of antenna wider, and then be operable in 2G, 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G, 3.5G, The mechanicss of communication such as 3.75G, 3.9G, 4G contain frequency range.Furthermore, prop up according to the antenna structure of the present invention simultaneously Help high frequency and low frequency, wherein support between the structure of high frequency mirror image each other, and support between the structure of low frequency the most each other Mirror image, so as to obtaining preferably impedance matching, causes the exercisable frequency range of antenna wider.Between again via coupling Transmit in the way of electrical couplings away from by energy, make antenna have preferably spoke to increase overall antenna efficiency Penetrate field pattern.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is antenna efficiency when being installed on electronic installation of the antenna structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention Figure.
Fig. 6 is antenna efficiency when being installed on electronic installation of the antenna structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention Figure.
Fig. 7 is that the antenna structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention operates in 700MHz to 2210MHz frequency range Radiation pattern figure.
[detailed description of the invention]
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.Refer to Fig. 1, antenna 100 include grounding parts 110, planar inverted-F antenna 120 and mirror image Department of Radiation 130.In certain embodiments, Grounding parts 110, planar inverted-F antenna 120 and mirror image Department of Radiation 130 can the property led material (such as: copper, silver, Ferrum, aluminum or its alloy) make, or can be printed circuit board (PCB) (Printed Circuit Board;PCB) On cabling (trace).
Grounding parts 110 is used for providing signal ground.As it is shown in figure 1, grounding parts 110 is electrically connected to electronics System earth end 200 in device, or, grounding parts 110 belongs to a part for system earth end 200.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.Refer to Fig. 2, grounding parts 110 include ground section 111 and the first linkage section 112.First end 112A of the first linkage section 112 couples and connects One end 111A in location 111.Ground section 111 couples the system earth end (not shown) in electronic installation.
Planar inverted-F antenna 120 includes first radiant section the 121, second linkage section the 123, second radiant section 122 And load point 124.On entity configures, the first end 122A of the second radiant section 122 couples the first linkage section The second end 112B of 112, in other words, planar inverted-F antenna 120 couples electronic installation via grounding parts 110 In system earth end.In certain embodiments, can have between the first linkage section 112 and ground section 111 Angle, also has angle between the first linkage section 112 and the second radiant section 122.
As in figure 2 it is shown, the second radiant section 122 is at the extension line of the first radiant section 121 with ground section 111 Between D1.First end 121A of the first radiant section 121 couples the first end 123A of the second linkage section 123. First end 122A of the second radiant section 122 couples the second end 123B of the second linkage section 123.Implement at some In example, the first radiant section 121 can be perpendicular to the second linkage section 123, and the second radiant section 122 can be perpendicular to Two linkage sections 123.
First radiant section 121 includes the first section 1211 and the second section 1212.First section 1211 couples Between the second linkage section 123 and the second section 1212, and live width W05 of the second section 1212 is more than the Live width W06 of one section 1211.Specifically, the first radiant section 121 is preferably in L font with acquisition relatively Good antenna efficiency.Designer can according to the operational frequency bands needed for the first radiant section 121 adjust its shape with Meet the demand of different electronic installation.In certain embodiments, based on the orientation shown in Fig. 2, the first radiation First section 1211 of section 121 is parallel to the second radiant section 122.Further, the second of the first radiant section 121 Section 1212 is parallel to the extension line D1 of ground section 111.
Second radiant section 122 includes the 3rd section 1221 and the 4th section 1222, and the 3rd section 1221 couples Between the second linkage section 123 and the 4th section 1222, and live width W07 of the 3rd section 1221 is more than the Live width W08 of four sections 1222.Second radiant section 122 in L font to obtain preferably antenna efficiency.If Meter person can adjust its shape to meet different electronic installation according to the operational frequency bands needed for the second radiant section 122 Demand.In certain embodiments, based on the orientation shown in Fig. 2, the 3rd section of the second radiant section 122 1221 are parallel to the first radiant section 121.Further, the 4th section 1222 of the second radiant section 122 is parallel to connect The extension line D1 in location 111.
First radiant section 121 away from the side (side of the second section 1212) of the second linkage section 123 to The absolute distance W01 of two linkage sections 123 is more than second radiant section 122 side away from the second linkage section 123 (side of the 4th section 1222) is to the absolute distance W02 of the second linkage section 123.Due to the first radiant section The physical length of 121 is more than the physical length of the second radiant section 122, so the first radiant section 121 is used for providing The working frequency range of antenna 100 relatively low frequency, and the second radiant section 122 provides the work frequency of antenna 100 higher-frequency Section.Antenna 100 receives and dispatches two frequency range non-overlapping copies via the first radiant section 121 and the second radiant section 122 Radiofrequency signal (for convenience of describing the hereinafter referred to as first frequency range and the second frequency range).First frequency range supports low frequency, And second frequency range support high frequency.Antenna 100 receives and dispatches the radiofrequency signal of the first frequency range via the first radiant section 121, And antenna 100 receives and dispatches the radiofrequency signal of the second frequency range via the second radiant section 122.For example, with sky As a example by the frequency range in LTE mechanics of communication supported by line 100, the first frequency range support 700MHz frequency range, and the second frequency Duan Zhiyuan 1800MHz frequency range.In this, though as a example by LTE mechanics of communication, but the invention is not restricted to this, sky The first frequency range and the second frequency range that line 100 is supported also can be 2G, 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G, 3.5G, 3.75G, The mechanicss of communication such as 3.9G or 5G contain frequency range.
Mirror image Department of Radiation 130 includes the first secondary segment 131 and the second secondary segment 132.On entity configures, the Two secondary segments 132 are between the first secondary segment 131 and the extension line D1 of grounding parts 110.First secondary segment The first end 131A of 131 couples the first end 123A of the second linkage section 123.The first of second secondary segment 132 End 132A couples the second end 123B of the second linkage section 123, say, that mirror image Department of Radiation 130 is by the Two linkage sections 123 couple grounding parts 110 and then the system earth end (not shown) coupling in electronic installation.? In some embodiments, the first end 131A of the first secondary segment 131 can be perpendicular to the second linkage section 123, and Between two secondary segments 132 and the second linkage section 123, there is angle.
On second end 123B of the second linkage section 123 that load point 124 is arranged at planar inverted-F antenna, and the One radiant section the 121, second radiant section the 122, first secondary segment 131 and the second secondary segment 132 are connected to feedback Access point 124.Load point 124 is coupled to the radio frequency module of signal source (not shown) such as electronic installation.The most just Being to say, the electric current that antenna 100 utilizes radio frequency module to produce resonates out the operational frequency bands of antenna 100, i.e. before The first frequency range stated and the second frequency range.
From the point of view of further, aforesaid signal source is by current fed second radiant section 122, the second radiant section The energy of reception is coupled to the first radiant section 121 via coupling space G1 by 122, and then promotes antenna efficiency. In certain embodiments, coupling space G1 is also not zero, and preferably about between 2 to 3mm.
In certain embodiments, the extension line of the first section 1211 of the first radiant section 121 and grounding parts 110 Vertical dimension between D1 is not zero, and preferably about between 12 to 13mm.Further, the second radiant section Vertical dimension between 3rd section 1221 and the extension line D1 of grounding parts 110 of 122 is not zero, and preferably About between 5 to 8mm.
First secondary segment 131 is the sinuous line segment with some turnovers.In certain embodiments, such as Fig. 2 institute Showing, the line segment that wriggles is formed by some U-shaped concatenation, and preferably comprises nine bending points.Designer can root The size and shape of sinuous line segment is adjusted to meet different electricity according to the operational frequency bands needed for the first secondary segment 131 The demand of sub-device.
Absolute away between side and second linkage section 123 of the second linkage section 123 of first secondary segment 131 Distance W04 is equal to second secondary segment 132 side and the second linkage section 123 away from the second linkage section 123 Between absolute distance W03.It follows that owing to the first substantial physical length of secondary segment 131 is more than the The physical length of two secondary segments 132, so the first secondary segment 131 is used for providing the work of antenna 100 relatively low frequency Make frequency range, and the second secondary segment 132 provides the working frequency range of antenna 100 higher-frequency.Antenna 100 is via One secondary segment 131 and the second secondary segment 132 receive and dispatch aforesaid first frequency range and the radiofrequency signal of the second frequency range.
From the point of view of further, aforesaid signal source is by current fed second secondary segment 132, the second secondary segment The energy of reception is coupled to the first secondary segment 131 via coupling space G2 by 132, and then promotes antenna efficiency. In certain embodiments, coupling space G2 is not zero, and preferably about between 2 to 3mm.
As in figure 2 it is shown, the first secondary segment 131 and the first radiant section 121 are centered by the second linkage section 123 Direction towards the second linkage section 123 both sides extends respectively.The physical length of the first secondary segment 131 and the first spoke The physical length of the section of penetrating 121 is substantially the same.And the first secondary segment 131 is away from the one of the second linkage section 123 Absolute distance W03 between side with the second linkage section 123 is smaller than the first radiant section 121 and is connected away from second Absolute distance W01 between side and second linkage section 123 of section 123.In other words, in a limited space, First secondary segment 131 must utilize snake section to provide antenna 100 to support the physical length needed for the first frequency range. Structure based on the first secondary segment 131, frequency range produced by the first secondary segment 131 and the first radiant section 121 Produced frequency range is the most overlapping.When aforesaid electronic installation radio frequency module produce signal by load point During 124 feed-in, the first secondary segment 131 and the first radiant section 121 are collectively forming the resonance path of the first frequency range. In other words, bang path based on signal, the first secondary segment 131 according to the first radiant section 121 with mirror image (mirror) mode configures.By two same physical length but the contrary resonance path (i.e. of bearing of trend One radiant section 121 and the first secondary segment 131) produce two identical resonance modes and obtain preferably impedance Coupling, the frequency range causing antenna 100 to operate in the first frequency range increases.In certain embodiments, wriggle line segment Live width W09 be preferably about 1mm.The line-spacing G3 of sinuous line segment is not zero, and preferably about between 1 to 1.5mm Between, cause antenna 100 to operate in the frequency range multiplication of the first frequency range.Base this, antenna 100 is applicable to LTE Mechanics of communication.
Similarly, as in figure 2 it is shown, the second secondary segment 132 and the second radiant section 122 are with the second linkage section 123 Centered by respectively towards the second linkage section 123 direction extend.The physical length and second of the second secondary segment 132 The physical length of radiant section 122 is substantially the same.Further, frequency range produced by the second secondary segment 132 and the Frequency range produced by two radiant sections 122 is the most overlapping.Second secondary segment the 132, second radiant section 122, feedback Access point 124 is collectively forming the resonance path of the second frequency range.In other words, bang path based on signal, second Secondary segment 132 configures in mirror image (mirror) mode according to the second radiant section 122.By two same physical Length but the contrary resonance path (the i.e. second radiant section 122 and the second secondary segment 132) of bearing of trend produce Two identical resonance modes and obtain preferably impedance matching, cause antenna 100 to operate in the second frequency range Frequency range doubles.
In certain embodiments, the second section 1212 of the first radiant section 121 includes breach 1212G.Breach The opening direction of 1212G is towards the extension line D1 of earth terminal 110.As in figure 2 it is shown, breach 1212G is preferable Ground semicircular in shape.Structure based on the second section 1212, the first radiant section 121 produces the first frequency range.In group During dress electronic installation, the component of electronic installation may be provided in breach 1212G.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention.Refer to Fig. 3, compare In Fig. 2, both difference is, antenna 100 includes the first coupled section 140.On entity configures, first Coupled section 140 between the second radiant section 122 and grounding parts 110, and the first of the first coupled section 140 End 1401 is coupled to the system earth end (not shown) of electronic installation.First coupled section 140 and the second radiation Section 122 is separated by a coupling space G4, cause the first coupled section 140 and the second radiant section 122 electrical couplings with Produce broader second frequency range of frequency band.In certain embodiments, the second frequency range can support 2600MHz frequency range.
As it is shown on figure 3, the first coupled section 140 can comprise a bending and in L font, the first coupled section 140 The first end 1401 can be perpendicular to the second end 1402 of the first coupled section 140, and the second end 1402 can be parallel The 4th section 1222 in the second radiant section 122.Furthermore, the second end 1402 of the first coupled section 140 is with front State the vertical dimension between the 4th section 1222 (coupling space G4) to be not zero, and preferably the most about between 1 to Between 2mm.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention.Refer to Fig. 4, compare In Fig. 2, both difference is, antenna 100 includes the second coupled section 150.On entity configures, second Coupled section 150 between the first radiant section 121 and grounding parts 110, and the first of the second coupled section 150 End 1501 is coupled to the system earth end (not shown) of electronic installation.Second coupled section 150 and the first radiation Section 121 is separated by a coupling space G5, cause the second coupled section 150 and the first radiant section 121 electrical couplings with Produce broader first frequency range of frequency band.In certain embodiments, the first frequency range can support 900MHz frequency range.
As shown in Figure 4, the second coupled section 150 can comprise a bending and in L font, the second coupled section 150 The first end 1501 can be perpendicular to the second end 1502 of the second coupled section 150, and the second end 1502 can be parallel The second section 1212 in the first radiant section 121.Furthermore, the second end 1502 of the second coupled section 150 is with front State the vertical dimension between the second section 1212 (coupling space G5) to be not zero, and preferably the most about between 1 to Between 2mm.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is sky when being installed on electronic installation of the antenna 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention Line efficiency chart, wherein, the transverse axis of antenna efficiency figure and the longitudinal axis represent operation frequency (MHz) and antenna effect respectively Rate (%).Aforesaid electronic installation can be panel computer or notebook computer.Refer to Fig. 5, antenna 100 The antenna efficiency operated between 700MHz to 860MHz frequency range is about more than 30%.Refer to Fig. 6, antenna 100 antenna efficiencies operated between 1710MHz to 2210MHz frequency range are more than 40%.Therefore, according to The antenna 100 of the present invention be at least operable in 2G, 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G, 3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G, The mechanicss of communication such as 4G contain frequency range.
Fig. 7 is that the antenna 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention operates between 700MHz to 2210MHz The radiation pattern figure of frequency range.As it is shown in fig. 7, according to its Energy distribution shown can be seen that antenna 100 in Good radiation efficiency is all had in all directions.
In sum, produce the sky of multiband by mirror image and the mode coupled according to the antenna structure of the present invention Line, to cause the exercisable frequency range of antenna wider, and then be operable in 2G, 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G, 3.5G, The mechanicss of communication such as 3.75G, 3.9G, 4G contain frequency range.Furthermore, prop up according to the antenna structure of the present invention simultaneously Help high frequency and low frequency, wherein support between the structure of high frequency mirror image each other, and support between the structure of low frequency the most each other Mirror image, so as to obtaining preferably impedance matching, causes the exercisable frequency range of antenna wider.Between again via coupling Transmit in the way of electrical couplings away from by energy, make antenna have preferably spoke to increase overall antenna efficiency Penetrate field pattern.
Although the present invention is not limited to the present invention, any affiliated technology with embodiment right its disclosed above Field has usually intellectual, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when making a little change With retouching, therefore protection scope of the present invention is when being as the criterion depending on the defined person of appended claims.

Claims (19)

1. an antenna structure, it is characterised in that including:
One grounding parts, including:
One ground section;And
One first linkage section, one first end of this first linkage section couples this ground section;
One planar inverted-F antenna, including:
One first radiant section, supports one first frequency range;
One second linkage section, one first end of this second linkage section couples the one first of this first radiant section End, one second end of this second linkage section couples one second end of this first linkage section;
One second radiant section, supports one second frequency range, and position is between this first radiant section and this ground section And position is between this first radiant section and extension line of this ground section, and this first radiant section interval one first Gap, one first end of this second radiant section couples this second linkage section, wherein this second frequency range more than this One frequency range and not overlapping with this first frequency range;And
One load point, position is on this second end of this second linkage section;And
One mirror image Department of Radiation, couples this planar inverted-F antenna, and this mirror image Department of Radiation includes:
One first secondary segment, supports one first frequency range, one first end of this first secondary segment couple this This first end of two linkage sections, this first secondary segment extends with relative direction with this first radiant section, and this is first years old Secondary segment includes the physical length being essentially the same as this first radiant section;And
One second secondary segment, position is between this first secondary segment and bearing of trend of this grounding parts, with this First one second gap, secondary segment interval, one first end of this second secondary segment couples this second linkage section, should Second secondary segment extends with relative direction with this second radiant section, and this second secondary segment includes being essentially the same as The physical length of this second radiant section.
2. antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the frequency range that this first secondary segment produces With this first radiant section produced by frequency range the most overlapping.
3. antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the frequency range that this second secondary segment produces With this second radiant section produced by frequency range the most overlapping.
4. antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that this first frequency range supports low frequency, should Second frequency range supports high frequency.
5. antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that this first radiant section and this earth terminal Between beeline substantially between 12 to 13mm.
6. antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that this second radiant section and this earth terminal Between beeline substantially between 5 to 8mm.
7. antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that this first radiant section be perpendicular to this Two linkage sections, this first radiant section includes one first section and one second section, and this first section is coupled in this Between second linkage section and this second section, the live width of this second section is more than the live width of this first section.
8. antenna structure as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that this secondth district of this first radiant section Section includes a breach, and the opening direction of this breach is towards this earth terminal.
9. antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that this second radiant section be perpendicular to this Two linkage sections, this second radiant section includes one the 3rd section and one the 4th section, and the 3rd section is coupled in this Between second linkage section and the 4th section, the live width of the 4th section is more than the live width of the 3rd section.
10. antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that this first linkage section and this ground connection Between Duan, shape has angle.
11. antenna structures as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that if this first secondary segment is for having The sinuous line segment of dry turnover.
12. antenna structures as claimed in claim 11, it is characterised in that the live width of this sinuous line segment is 1mm.
13. antenna structures as claimed in claim 11, it is characterised in that the line-spacing essence of this sinuous line segment On between 1 to 1.5mm.
14. antenna structures as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that this first secondary segment away from this Absolute distance between side and this second linkage section of two linkage sections less than this first radiant section away from this second Absolute distance between the side of linkage section and this second linkage section.
15. antenna structures as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that this first secondary segment with this second Gap between secondary segment is substantially between 2 to 3mm.
16. antenna structures as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that this first radiant section with this second Gap between radiant section is substantially between 2 to 3mm.
17. antenna structures as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that this first secondary segment away from this Absolute distance between side and this second linkage section of two linkage sections be equal to this second secondary segment away from this Absolute distance between side and this second linkage section of two linkage sections.
18. antenna structures as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that include one first coupled section, position Between this second radiant section and this grounding parts, one first end of this first coupled section couples this grounding parts, should First coupled section in order to this second radiant section electrical couplings.
19. antenna structures as claimed in claim 18, it is characterised in that include one second coupled section, position Between this first radiant section and this grounding parts, the first end of this second coupled section couples this grounding parts, and this is years old Two coupled section in order to this first radiant section electrical couplings.
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