CN106028357A - Novel underwater wireless sensor network point coverage control method - Google Patents
Novel underwater wireless sensor network point coverage control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106028357A CN106028357A CN201610551435.4A CN201610551435A CN106028357A CN 106028357 A CN106028357 A CN 106028357A CN 201610551435 A CN201610551435 A CN 201610551435A CN 106028357 A CN106028357 A CN 106028357A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/18—Network planning tools
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel underwater wireless sensor network point coverage control method. In the method, node depth adjustment is taken as a feasible mobile mode. The method comprises the following steps that: firstly, nodes determine depths of the nodes in reference to a distance between a Sink node and a water surface vertex and the depth of a monitoring water area; secondly, the nodes determine perception radiuses of the nodes according to a distance between the Sink node and a water bottom vertex in reference to a minimum perception radius and a maximum perception radius; thirdly, communication radiuses of the nodes are increased greatly till neighbor nodes with smaller depths are inquired, and a node with a smallest coverage target quantity is selected from a set of the nodes to take the selected node as a cluster head; and lastly, a cluster head node makes inner-cluster nodes hibernate and wake up. Compared with an existing relevant method, the method disclosed by the invention is more feasible. Moreover, indexes such as network coverage, a communication rate, energy consumption and balance, and a network life cycle can be optimized comprehensively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new underwater wireless sensor network point overlapping control method, belong to underwater wireless sensor
The technical field that the network coverage controls.
Background technology
Underwater wireless sensor network (Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks, UWSN) is by some
Have information gathering, store, process, monitoring network that the underwater sensor node of transfer function is formed in an ad-hoc fashion, energy
Enough target waters is completed the tasks such as environmental monitoring, hazard prediction, resource detection, military monitoring, there is network structure and present three
Tie up distributed, network design haves a wide reach and node density is sparse, node use sound wave as communication media, node easily by water ring
Border impact and move, node energy is limited and is difficult to features such as supplementing.The Coverage Control of underwater wireless sensor network is asked
Topic, refers on the premise of taking into full account These characteristics, in conjunction with concrete application demand, to the position of nodes, state, road
By etc. carry out reasonable disposition, utilize limited Internet resources to obtain the most excellent network service.Pass as building underwater wireless
One of basic fundamental of sensor network, Coverage Control is not only directly related with network monitor quality, and profound influence node
Follow-up each quasi-protocol and the designs of algorithm such as location, data compression, time synchronized, have important research meaning, has caused a large amount of
Correlational study.On the one hand, according to node motion ability it is assumed that existing underwater wireless sensor network cover control method can
It is divided into static covering, the degree of depth to adjust covering, move freely covering.Static cover, refer to that node does not possess locomotivity, need to be by
Manual type is deployed to specify region.The degree of depth adjusts and covers, and refers to that node possesses the locomotivity on vertical direction, and node can root
In three-dimensional waters, degree of depth adjustment is carried out according to needs.Move freely covering, refer to that node possesses the locomotivity in all directions, joint
Point can move freely as required in three-dimensional waters.The required human cost of static covering is too high, and when deployment personnel are difficult
During to enter monitoring waters, the method cannot be suitable for；Moving freely covering excessively to idealize, the method generally need to be by high cost
Autonomous robot under water, be difficult at present popularize；When node is connected to water surface float (or water-bed anchor) by rope, by certainly
The electric machine regulation rope lengths that body is equipped with can realize the node degree of depth easily and adjust, and the degree of depth adjusts to cover and is acknowledged as working as
Before the most practicable method.On the other hand, whether there is the difference of covering demand according to monitoring waters, existing underwater wireless passes
Sensor network cover control method can be divided into region overlay and put Coverage Control.Region overlay controls to refer to monitor each region, waters
There is not covering demand difference, network design purpose is to pursue whole monitoring waters is realized the highest coverage rate.Point covers
Controlling to refer to that monitoring each region, waters exists covering demand difference, network design purpose is to pursue the isolated thing in monitoring waters
Part (also known as impact point) realizes the highest coverage rate.For underwater wireless sensor network point Coverage Control problem,
Aitsaadi etc., for the distribution density difference of zones of different impact point, propose cross hatch representation, determine node density, and complete
Become corresponding node deployment；Xia etc. propose the some overlapping control method that a kind of population inspires, by simulation particle group's behavior,
Node is made independently to tend to impact point, it is achieved node mates with impact point distribution density；Jiang etc. propose a kind of based on sub-clustering
Point overlapping control method, defines and utilizes comprehensive contribution degree, it is desirable to the node that comprehensive contribution degree is little substitutes and in the network operation is
By dead node, delay the decay of network covering property.But, above-mentioned all methods are required to node and can move freely,
Lack practical feasibility；And be all difficult to take into account the network coverage, connected ratio, energy consumption size simultaneously and refer to equilibrium, life cycle etc.
Target optimizes.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem
Therefore, it is necessary to for underwater wireless sensor network point Coverage Control demand, design one is practicable deeply
Degree adjust overlapping control method, on the premise of taking into full account underwater wireless sensor network feature as far as possible, to the network coverage,
Connected ratio, energy consumption size carry out complex optimum with indexs such as equilibrium, life cycles.
Technical scheme
Owing to existing underwater wireless sensor network point overlapping control method is all premised on node can move freely, lack
Weary practical feasibility, the present invention, first for underwater wireless sensor network point Coverage Control demand, proposes one more practical
The feasible degree of depth adjusts overlapping control method.The movement of node is no longer by equipment such as expensive autonomous robots under water, it is only necessary to
By rope, node is connected with water surface float (or water-bed anchor), and regulates rope lengths by motor, complete on vertical direction
The degree of depth adjust.
The underwater wireless sensor network point overlapping control method proposed mainly comprises the steps that node is carried out initially
The degree of depth adjusts；Knot adjustment each perception radius；Knot adjustment each communication radius, carries out network cluster dividing；Adjust the network operation
During the state of some node and position.
Node carries out ID adjustment and refers to after node is uniformly deployed in the water surface in monitoring waters by boats and ships, in conjunction with
Self-position and the Euclidean distance of water surface center (i.e. Sink node position), determine self initial descent degree of depth, and distance is more
Farther submerged depth is the biggest.
After node completes ID adjustment, each node is further combined with self-position with water surface center (i.e.
Sink node position) Euclidean distance, determine self perception radius, distance more farther perception radius is the biggest.
After each node determines self perception radius, adjust self communication radius, until searching out neighbours' joint that the degree of depth is less
Point, carries out perception to periphery monitoring region afterwards, determines that the target self covered is counted, and from the less neighbor node of the degree of depth
Set selects coverage goal those at least of counting as a bunch head, complete network cluster dividing.
The covering contribution degree of each node in each bunch of head analytic manifold, in conjunction with dormancy with wake up mechanism up, it is desirable to there is invalid covering
Node enter resting state, when some node during the network operation will dead time, leader cluster node can be by dormancy node
Wake up up, delay the decay of network covering property.
Beneficial effect
The present invention is directed to underwater wireless sensor network point Coverage Control demand, it is proposed that a kind of practicable covering is controlled
Method processed, has considered the network coverage, connected ratio, the optimization of energy consumption size and the indexs such as equilibrium, life cycle.Specifically
In fact, the method for the invention has the advantages that
(1) breach existing underwater wireless sensor network point overlapping control method excessively to manage in terms of node motion ability
The limitation of wanting, proposes to introduce in wireless sensor network point Coverage Control problem under water node degree of depth Adjusted Option first,
Make proposed method more economically, easy, feasible.
(2) first, during ID adjusts and determines perception radius, each node need to consider self-position and the water surface
The Euclidean distance of center (i.e. Sink node position), submerged depth and the perception radius of distance more farther are the biggest.This is permissible
Guarantee in the three-dimension monitor network ultimately formed, with Sink node closer to Area Node density the biggest, perception radius is more
Little；With Sink node further away from Area Node density the least, perception radius is the biggest.Due to Sink node closer to node
Its information forwards pressure the biggest (i.e. communication energy consumption is the biggest), and the least perception radius will favorably reduce its perception energy consumption；Additionally,
During network cluster dividing, forward pressure (i.e. communication energy consumption is bigger) owing to leader cluster node will undertake more information, therefore cover mesh
Punctuate number those at least (i.e. perception energy consumption those at least) will be as a bunch head.Above-mentioned two measure all can improve network energy consumption equilibrium, prolongs
Long network life cycle.
(3) it is different from conventional method node perceived radius and communication radius employing isomorphism processing mode, the present invention couple
Node perceived radius and communication radius all use isomery processing mode.Relative to perception radius isomorphism, perception radius isomery mode
More flexible, can effectively reduce coverage hole, improve the network coverage, network energy consumption balance can be improved again, extend network raw
Cycle of deposit；Relative to communication radius isomorphism, communication radius isomery mode then can effectively ensure that being smoothed out of network cluster dividing, carry
High network connectivity efficiency.
(4) present invention proposes combine dormancy and wake up mechanism up, and carrying out the state of some node during the network operation must
Adjust.The introducing of dormancy mechanism will be prevented effectively from invalid covering, and dormancy node directly can be waken up up by himself leader cluster node,
The communication energy consumption brought is less, contributes to extending network life cycle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is towards a underwater wireless sensor network schematic diagram for covering demand
Accompanying drawing 2 method implementing procedure figure
Accompanying drawing 3 initial period water surface top view
Accompanying drawing 4 node perceived model schematic
5 bunches of heads of accompanying drawing select schematic diagram
Accompanying drawing 6 invalid overlay node schematic diagram
It is embodied as
It is embodied as being further described in more detail to the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is towards a underwater wireless sensor network schematic diagram for covering demand, and monitoring waters generally uses cube
Modeling, x-axis direction ultimate range is xm, y-axis direction ultimate range is ym, z-axis direction ultimate range is zm；Node can be in the degree of depth
The enterprising line position in direction adjusts, and network coverage object is the impact point of random uneven distribution in monitoring waters.The present invention will be by
According to Fig. 2 describe flow process, node location, state etc. are adjusted, it is achieved to the network coverage, connected ratio, energy consumption size with
The complex optimum of the indexs such as equilibrium, life cycle.
1, for ease of collecting the information that each sensor node is collected, Sink node is typically secured to water surface center, its
Coordinate is represented byAnd distance D of Sink node and water surface summit can be calculated as follows1。
In the initial period, remaining sensor node is deployed on the water surface the most equably, as it is shown on figure 3, the most arbitrarily pass
Sensor node siCoordinate be represented by si(xi,yi, 0), node siCalculate the distance of self and Sink node, with reference to Sink node
Distance D with water surface summit1With monitoring Larger water depths zm, it is calculated as follows own depth h (si), and by the vertical degree of depth
Adjustment moves to correspondence position.
2, after all the sensors node completes ID adjustment, each node should arrange self perception according to self-position
Radius.Take distance D of Sink node and water-bed summit2As reference distance, this distance can be calculated as follows.
As shown in Figure 4, node uses centre of sphere sensor model, for node si, when impact point and its distance are in its perception half
Footpath Rs(siTime in the range of), this impact point can be detected (t in such as figure by this node1), otherwise impact point cannot be detected by this node
(t in such as figure2).Additionally, due to sensor node need by acquired monitoring information with single-hop or multi-hop mode send to
, there is different information from Sink node apart from different nodes and forward pressure in water surface Sink node, will apart from the nearest node
Undertaking the heaviest information and forward pressure, its communication energy consumption is relatively large.Therefore, for improving network energy consumption equilibrium, the present invention proposes
Node perceived radius is carried out isomery process, in conjunction with actual environment and hardware condition, if minimum perception radius is Rsi, maximum perception
Radius is Rsa, node s can be determined as followsiPerception radius Rs(si)。
3, after each node determines self perception radius, self communication radius should be further determined that.For guaranteeing that network obtains relatively
Reducing inter-node communication interference while high connected ratio, the present invention is different from the node communication radius isomorphism processing mode of routine,
Propose node communication radius is carried out equally isomery process.With node siAs a example by, if its initial communication radius is Rcin, communication half
It is B that footpath increases step-lengthc, initial communication rank is Lin=1, node increases its communication rank L (s step by step according to equation belowi), with
Increase its communication radius Rc(si), until searching out the degree of depth neighbor node less than own depth.
Rc(si)=Rcin+(L(si)-Lin)×Bc (5)
Then, periphery monitoring region is detected by each node, determines the impact point number self covered, simultaneously to neighbour
Occupy node and send notification Mt(content such as impact point number including self ID, position, covering).Subsequently, each node is from deeply
Spend and less neighbor node selects coverage goal count out those at least as self bunch head.Turn owing to a bunch head undertakes bigger information
Sending out pressure, communication energy consumption is relatively large, advantageously reduces its perception energy consumption using coverage goal those at least of counting out as a bunch head, carries
High network energy consumption equalizes.As it is shown in figure 5, node sjAnd skIt is node siNeighbor node, the two degree of depth is respectively less than node si's
The degree of depth, due to node sjThe impact point number covered is less than node sk, therefore node sjWill be as node siBunch head, be responsible for
By node siDuring the network operation obtain monitoring information be forwarded to upper layer node.When each node all establishes self bunch head
After, each bunch of interior nodes regulation self communication radius, until can communicate with a bunch head；Each leader cluster node adjusts self communication radius, directly
To communicating with all bunches of interior nodes and the upper strata bunch head of self.Now, network has reached full-mesh state.
4, self bunch interior nodes is checked by each bunch of head further, if finding to exist bunch interior nodes of invalid covering, bunch
Head node may call for bunch interior nodes and temporarily enters resting state.As shown in Figure 6, with node s1As leader cluster node, node s2、
s3、s4As bunch interior nodes bunch in, impact point t3By node s3And s2Cover, impact point t simultaneously4By node s3And s4Cover simultaneously
Lid, it can thus be assumed that node s3Impact point in its monitoring range is covered as invalid covering, leader cluster node s1May call for node s3
Temporarily enter resting state.Subsequently, network start by wheel run, each take turns in all nodes should monitor its perception radius
Interior target information, sends acquired monitoring information to water surface Sink node with single-hop or multi-hop mode again.When some
Bunch interior nodes because of the reasons such as depleted of energy will become feeble and die time, dormancy waking up nodes can be delayed the network coverage by leader cluster node
Decay.Dormancy owing to being proposed exists only in localized network with the mechanism of waking up up, and leader cluster node can directly require that a bunch internal segment clicks on
Enter dormancy or wake-up states.Compared to the network topology reconstructing method of remaining routine, the feature of its distributed implementation contributes to subtracting
Few communication energy consumption, extends network life cycle.
Claims (1)
1. a new underwater wireless sensor network point overlapping control method, it is characterised in that the method passes for underwater wireless
Sensor nexus Coverage Control demand, is adjusted to basis with the practicable node degree of depth first, it is possible to realize the network coverage
The complex optimum of rate, connected ratio, energy consumption size and the indexs such as equilibrium, life cycle；The method comprises the following steps: (1) is to prison
Surveying waters to model with cube, Sink node is fixed on water surface center, and remaining sensor node is deployed in the water surface the most equably
On, the target to be monitored of some is distributed in three-dimension monitor waters uniformly at random；Each sensor node according to self with
The distance of Sink node, and combine other two reference distance (the i.e. distance on Sink node and water surface summit and monitor waters
The degree of depth), determine self submerged depth；The node submerged depth the nearest apart from Sink node is the least, otherwise the biggest；With this guarantee with
Sink node is the biggest at a distance of the nearest Area Node density, otherwise the least；Owing to each sensor node is both needed to by single-hop or many
Acquired monitoring information is sent to Sink node by jumping mode, and said method can effectively alleviate joint in Sink node near zone
The information of point forwards pressure, improves network energy consumption equilibrium；
(2) after the ID that completes in step (1) adjusts, each node according to self distance with Sink node, in conjunction with
Sink node and the distance on water-bed summit, with reference to the node minimum and maximum perception radius under actual environment and hardware condition, if
Put self perception radius；Being different from the node perceived radius isomorphism processing mode of routine, the method is substantially to node perceived half
Footpath has carried out isomery process, on the one hand can improve the network coverage further；On the other hand the perception of nodes can be balanced
With traffic load so that the sensor node perception closer to Sink node loads the least, retain more multi-energy participation information and turn
Send out, improve network energy consumption equilibrium；
(3) after determining perception radius by step (2), it is different from the node communication radius isomorphism processing mode of routine, the party
Method proposes node should inquire, to increase communication radius mode step by step, the neighbor node that the degree of depth is less, and from the less neighbours of the degree of depth
Node set select coverage goal number those at least as self leader cluster node (next-hop node that i.e. information forwards)；The method
Substantially node communication radius is also carried out isomery process, on the one hand can guarantee net on the premise of reducing Communication Jamming as far as possible
Network full-mesh；On the other hand can reduce the perception energy consumption of leader cluster node as far as possible, improve network energy consumption equilibrium；
(4) after completing network cluster dividing by step (3), each leader cluster node calculates in a distributed manner and dispatches, it is first determined
Administered bunch in whether there is the node of invalid covering；If existing, then leader cluster node requires that this category node temporarily enters dormancy
State；Along with network runs by wheel, if some bunch of interior nodes will be dead because of depleted of energy, leader cluster node can directly wake up dormancy up
Node；Compared with remaining general networks reconstructing method, the method is (to refer to bunch head and bunch interior nodes between the node in subrange
Between) directly communicating to complete network topology reconstruct, it is possible to reduce network energy consumption, delay the decay of network covering property, extend
Network life cycle.
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| CN107277825A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-10-20 | 天津大学 | A kind of effective sensor node deployment method based on layering |
| CN107509233A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-22 | 深圳市智慧海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of underwater sensor network retransmission method and system based on vector |
| CN108040338A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-15 | 华南理工大学 | The dispositions method of wireless sensor network under monitoring objective irregular distribution environment |
| CN108365999A (en) * | 2018-01-27 | 2018-08-03 | 天津大学 | The link repair method of aerodone auxiliary |
| CN108574972A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-09-25 | 深圳市智慧海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of distributed scheduling on demand method and system for underwater sound wireless network |
| CN109327891A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-02-12 | 沈阳理工大学 | Cluster dormancy awakening method based on three-dimensional topology control in underwater sensor network |
| CN110392040A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-10-29 | 东南大学 | A kind of underwater mobile node re-authentication method based on trust chain |
| CN111698656A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-22 | 江苏海洋大学 | Multi-target dynamic scheduling method for underwater mobile wireless sensor network |
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| CN114666880A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-06-24 | 中南大学 | Method for reducing end-to-end delay in delay-sensitive wireless sensor network |
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| CN107509233A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-22 | 深圳市智慧海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of underwater sensor network retransmission method and system based on vector |
| CN108040338B (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-12-10 | 华南理工大学 | deployment method of wireless sensor network in environment with irregular distribution of monitored targets |
| CN108040338A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-15 | 华南理工大学 | The dispositions method of wireless sensor network under monitoring objective irregular distribution environment |
| CN108365999A (en) * | 2018-01-27 | 2018-08-03 | 天津大学 | The link repair method of aerodone auxiliary |
| CN108365999B (en) * | 2018-01-27 | 2021-10-29 | 天津大学 | Glider-assisted link repair method |
| CN108574972A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-09-25 | 深圳市智慧海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of distributed scheduling on demand method and system for underwater sound wireless network |
| CN109327891B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2021-02-26 | 沈阳理工大学 | Cluster dormancy awakening method based on three-dimensional topology control in underwater sensor network |
| CN109327891A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-02-12 | 沈阳理工大学 | Cluster dormancy awakening method based on three-dimensional topology control in underwater sensor network |
| CN110392040A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-10-29 | 东南大学 | A kind of underwater mobile node re-authentication method based on trust chain |
| CN110392040B (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2021-09-07 | 东南大学 | Underwater mobile node re-authentication method based on trust chain |
| CN111698656A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-22 | 江苏海洋大学 | Multi-target dynamic scheduling method for underwater mobile wireless sensor network |
| CN111698656B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2023-02-07 | 江苏海洋大学 | Multi-target dynamic scheduling method for underwater mobile wireless sensor network |
| CN112055322A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-12-08 | 江苏海洋大学 | Underwater wireless sensor network scheduling optimization model based on interval multi-target |
| CN114666880A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-06-24 | 中南大学 | Method for reducing end-to-end delay in delay-sensitive wireless sensor network |
| CN114666880B (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2024-04-26 | 中南大学 | Method for reducing end-to-end delay in delay-sensitive wireless sensor network |
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