CN106027911B - A kind of in-orbit focus adjustment method of the spaceborne transmission of visible light type camera of earth observation - Google Patents

A kind of in-orbit focus adjustment method of the spaceborne transmission of visible light type camera of earth observation Download PDF

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CN106027911B
CN106027911B CN201610545633.XA CN201610545633A CN106027911B CN 106027911 B CN106027911 B CN 106027911B CN 201610545633 A CN201610545633 A CN 201610545633A CN 106027911 B CN106027911 B CN 106027911B
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focal plane
focusing
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CN106027911A (en
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李方琦
谭伟
齐文雯
何红艳
邢坤
刘薇
高慧婷
张智
江澄
曹世翔
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Beijing Institute of Space Research Mechanical and Electricity
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/67Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/28Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals
    • G02B7/36Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals using image sharpness techniques, e.g. image processing techniques for generating autofocus signals

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  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Automatic Focus Adjustment (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of in-orbit focus adjustment methods of the spaceborne transmission of visible light type camera of earth observation.When camera optical system defocus is more than to a certain degree, there are zeros for image frequency domain formed by camera.According to the camera image after defocus, dead-center position can be searched out in frequency domain.When known frequency domain dead-center position, the radius of point spread function caused by defocus is calculated according to the position of the zero and estimates optimal focal plane position, judges direction of focusing further according to image definition formed by different positions of focal plane, you can determine optimal focal plane position;It when image frequency domain does not have zero, has been at this time near optimal focal plane position, has calculated its neighbouring focal plane image definition to judge direction of focusing, determine optimal focal plane position.This invention ensures that the high-precision and high efficiency of in-orbit focusing, improve the in-orbit imaging performance of optical sensor and picture quality.

Description

A kind of in-orbit focus adjustment method of the spaceborne transmission of visible light type camera of earth observation
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of in-orbit focus adjustment methods of the spaceborne transmission of visible light type camera of earth observation, belong to space flight optics Remote sensing technology field.
Background technology
Camera defocus is that the focal plane of camera must be reexamined after satellite launch an important factor for influencing satellite imagery quality Position carries out in-orbit focusing to camera when necessary.Therefore, it in order to promote the in-orbit image quality of satellite, needs to carry out camera The determination method of in-orbit focus adjustment method and its focus effect is studied.
Currently, domestic remote sensing camera is all made of the focusing mode of mobile focal plane, external camera is also adopted in addition to using which With other modes, such as SPOT-1, SPOT-4, SPOT-5 use double camera comparison focusing mode.Therefore, it is necessary first in conjunction with Different cameras studies suitable focusing mode.
For the gazing type camera of geostationary orbit, it may be used and multiple position of focal plane imagings are carried out to same target Focus adjustment method.According to the image of same target difference position of focal plane, focus effect and focusing amount are judged by control methods.Pass through Fog-level analysis is carried out to the subregion in image or image, obtains the evaluation function value or degree of blur of picture quality, And lens focusing is controlled and drives according to the data of processing analysis gained, the image accurately focused finally is obtained, key is The selection of image definition evaluation algorithm.Current existing evaluation function is typically to be obtained in the case where photographic is constant , it is stronger for the dependence of scene, it is only capable of making evaluation, such as gradient letter between the different image quality images of Same Scene Number, entropy function etc..
For with the linear array CCD camera of push-scan imaging, there is no identical part between the two images being continuously shot, The variation of scene leads to common focusing algorithm failure, can only generally verify whether to work as in such a way that subjective evaluation is combined Front focal plane position institute is at image with respect to readability highest.Subjective and objective combination tune is resulted in the strong dependency of subjective evaluation result The stability of burnt method is poor.Therefore, it is badly in need of a kind of in-orbit focus adjustment method being suitably applied spaceborne visual remote sensing camera at present.
Invention content
Present invention solves the technical problem that being:It is spaceborne visible a kind of earth observation has been overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide The in-orbit focus adjustment method of light-transmitting type camera, can in the camera Debug on orbit stage, according to image calculate camera defocusing amount and from Burnt direction quickly judges camera optimal focal plane position, solves the scene dependence of the clarity evaluation algorithms needed for focusing.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of in-orbit focus adjustment method of the spaceborne transmission of visible light type camera of earth observation, step It is rapid as follows:
1) confirm that the in-orbit imaging parameters of camera are adjusted in place, and obtain centre wavelength, relative aperture, the focusing step of camera Away from, focusing amplification factor, pixel dimension, focusing range;
2) F reciprocal of the central wavelength lambda, relative aperture that are obtained according to step 1), focusing step pitch l, focus amplification factor n, Calculate half depth of focus Δ of camera and the corresponding focusing step number L of a depth of focus;
3) with initial position of focal plane P0On the basis of, the rough focusing that step number is 2L is carried out to camera, obtains absolute position of focal plane In P0+4L、P0+2L、P0- 2L, P0- 4L, P0Five groups of images;After focusing executes, focal plane returns to initial position of focal plane P0
4) confirm whether image meets analysis requirement, that is, require image that there are the ground object targets such as cities and towns, farmland, the woods And cloud desk rate<20%, if not satisfied, then repeating step 3);If satisfied, then skipping to step 5);
5) image of five positions of focal plane obtained respectively to step 3) pre-processes, using target scene automatic screening Algorithm Function1 regards five focal plane picture centres in step 4) with the window w (x, y) that row, column pixel number is respectively M, N Field is detected, and is obtained the maximum w (x, y) of Function1 result of calculations in each image respectively and is used as target area;In conjunction with tune The defocus evaluation algorithms Function2 of burnt software calculates the frequency domain zero f of five position of focal plane w (x, y)0, to obtain this five The stripped deviation S of a position of focal plane and optimal focal plane position, is denoted as S respectively0+2, S0+1, S0-1, S0-2, S0
6) focusing step number and focusing direction, five positions of focal plane obtained by step 5) are determined according to deviation result of calculation Theoretical optimal focal plane position is determined with the stripped deviation S of optimal focal plane position, is denoted as P1, Current camera focal plane is adjusted to P1
7) with position P1On the basis of, the focusing that step number is L is carried out to camera, obtains absolute position of focal plane in P1+L、P1 L、P1Three width images;After focusing executes, Current camera focal plane returns to position P1
8) confirm whether image meets analysis requirement, if not satisfied, then repeating step 7);If satisfied, then skipping to step It is rapid 9);
9) use target scene automatic screening algorithm Function1, with row, column pixel number be respectively M, N window w (x, Y) three focal plane picture centre visual fields of step 7) are detected, respectively obtain each image in Function1 result of calculations most Big w (x, y) is used as target area;Three position of focal plane w are calculated in conjunction with the clarity evaluation algorithms Function3 of focusing software The clarity of (x, y), and compare calculating gained clarity size, it is right at the most clear institute of image that Current camera focal plane is adjusted to institute The position of focal plane answered, is denoted as P2
10) accurate adjustment coke step number L is calculated according to the corresponding focusing step number L of depth of focus of step 2)1
11) with focal plane P2On the basis of, it is L to carry out step number to camera1Accurate adjustment it is burnt, obtain absolute position of focal plane in P2+2L1、 P2+L1、P2- L1、P2- 2L1、P2Five groups of images;After focusing executes, Current camera focal plane returns to position P2
12) confirm whether image meets analysis requirement, if not satisfied, then repeating step 11);If satisfied, then skipping to Step 13);
13) use target scene automatic screening algorithm Function1, with row, column pixel number be respectively M, N window w (x, Y) five focal plane picture centre visual fields of step 11) are detected, respectively obtain each image in Function1 result of calculations most Big w (x, y) is used as target area;Five position of focal plane w are calculated in conjunction with the clarity evaluation algorithms Function3 of focusing software The clarity of (x, y), and compare calculating gained clarity size, the position of focal plane corresponding to the maximum image of clarity is best Position of focal plane P3
14) position of focal plane of camera is adjusted to optimal focal plane position P3, complete in-orbit focusing.
The expression formula of half depth of focus Δ of camera described in step 2) is:
The λ F of 2 Δs=42
The expression formula of the corresponding focusing step number L of a depth of focus described in step 2) is:
Step 10) accurate adjustment coke step number L1Expression formula be:
Wherein, L is the corresponding focusing step number of a depth of focus.
The expression formula of the target scene automatic screening algorithm Function1 is:
Function1=f1×f2
Wherein, f1And f2Respectively the average gray gradient of image w (x, y) and edge account for the ratio of full figure, expression formula point It is not:
Wherein, M, N are the row, column pixel number of image w (x, y), and * indicates convolution algorithm.
The expression formula of the defocus evaluation algorithms Function2 is:
Wherein, F (v, u) is the Fourier transformation of w (i, j), and expression formula is:
Wherein, M, N are the row, column pixel number of image w (x, y), and COF is F (v, u)2Maximum value.
The expression formula of five focal planes and the stripped deviation S of optimal focal plane are when rough focusing described in step 5):
Wherein, d is pixel dimension, and n is amplification factor, f0Corresponding frequency when there is first minimum for Function2 Rate value.
The expression formula of the clarity evaluation algorithms Function3 is:
Function3=(μx×edgexy×edgey)/2;
Wherein, edgexAnd edgeyThe respectively average edge width in row, column direction, μxAnd μyIt is wide for row, column direction edge The weights of degree, expression formula are respectively:
Wherein, M, N are the row, column pixel number of image w (x, y), and * indicates convolution algorithm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) in-orbit focus adjustment method accuracy of the invention is high, shortens the focusing period, meets normal imaging, side-sway imaging etc. Different imaging patterns;
(2) clarity evaluation algorithms proposed by the present invention weaken the uncertainty of subjective assessment, and objectivity is strong, improves The stability of method;
(3) in-orbit focusing speed of the invention meets Orbital detection demand, has the real-time adjustment in Orbital detection stage Function adapts to a variety of image-forming conditions;
(4) step 5), 9), 13) by target automatic screening algorithm can select automatically several meet focusing require Ground object target region simultaneously calculates sentence read result, accelerates focusing speed.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of in-orbit focus adjustment method flow chart of the spaceborne transmission of visible light type camera of earth observation;
Specific implementation mode
Table 1 is parameter needed for camera focusing;
As shown in Figure 1, the realization process of the present invention is:
1) confirm that the in-orbit imaging parameters of camera are adjusted in place, and obtain centre wavelength, relative aperture, the focusing step of camera Away from, focusing amplification factor, pixel dimension, the parameters such as focusing range, as shown in table 1;
Table 1
Serial number Project name Unit Test/design result
1 Centre wavelength μm
2 Relative aperture Nothing
3 Focusing step pitch μm
4 Focusing amplification factor Nothing
5 Pixel dimension μm
6 Focusing range μm
2) F reciprocal of the central wavelength lambda, relative aperture that are obtained according to step 1), focusing step pitch l, focus amplification factor n, It calculates half depth of focus Δ of camera and the corresponding focusing step number L of a depth of focus, specific formula for calculation is:
The λ F of 2 Δs=42
In formula, Δ is half depth of focus, and unit is μm;Wavelength centered on λ, unit are μm;F is the inverse of camera relative aperture;L For the corresponding focusing step number of a depth of focus;L is focusing step pitch, and unit is μm;N is focusing amplification factor;
3) with initial position of focal plane P0On the basis of, the rough focusing that step number is 2L is carried out to camera, obtains absolute position of focal plane In P0+4L、P0+2L、P0- 2L, P0- 4L, P0Five groups of images;After focusing executes, focal plane returns to initial position of focal plane P0
4) confirm whether image meets analysis requirement, that is, require image that there are the ground object targets such as cities and towns, farmland, the woods And cloud desk rate<20%, if not satisfied, then repeating step 3);If satisfied, then skipping to step 5);
5) image of five positions of focal plane obtained respectively to step 3) pre-processes, using scene automatic screening algorithm Function1 carries out five focal plane picture centre visual fields in step 4) with the window w (x, y) that row, column pixel number is respectively M, N Detection obtains the maximum w (x, y) of Function1 result of calculations in each image and is used as target area respectively.In conjunction with focusing software Defocus evaluation algorithms Function2 calculate the frequency domain zero f of five position of focal plane w (x, y)0, to obtain this five focal planes The stripped deviation S of position and optimal focal plane position, is denoted as S respectively0+2, S0+1, S0-1, S0-2, S0
The method and step that target scene automatic screening algorithm Function1 is obtained is specific as follows:
A) w (i, j) is used to indicate the detection window of a width M × N;
B) an automatic screening algorithm Function1 that can obtain target scene needed for focusing is designed, expression formula is:
Function1=f1×f2
Wherein, f1And f2Respectively the average gray gradient of image w (x, y) and edge account for the ratio of full figure, expression formula point It is not:
Wherein, M, N are the row, column pixel number of image w (x, y), and * indicates convolution algorithm.
The method and step obtained to defocus evaluation algorithms Function2 is specific as follows:
A) w (i, j) is used to indicate the focusing target scene image of a width M × N;
B) the evaluation algorithms Function2, Function2 for designing an acquisition frequency domain zero are normalized relative power Spectral function, expression formula are:
Wherein, F (v, u) is the Fourier transformation of w (i, j), and expression formula is:
Wherein, M, N are the row, column pixel number of image w (x, y), and COF is F (v, u)2Maximum value.
6) focusing step number and focusing direction, five positions of focal plane obtained by step 5) are determined according to deviation result of calculation Theoretical optimal focal plane position is determined with the stripped deviation S of optimal focal plane position, is denoted as P1, Current camera focal plane is adjusted to P1
7) with position P1On the basis of, the focusing that step number is L is carried out to camera, obtains absolute position of focal plane in P1+L、P1- L, P1Three width images;After focusing executes, Current camera focal plane returns to position P1
8) confirm whether image meets analysis requirement, if not satisfied, then repeating step 7);If satisfied, then skipping to step It is rapid 9);
9) use target scene automatic screening algorithm Function1 with window w (x, y) that row, column pixel number is respectively M, N Three focal plane picture centre visual fields of step 7) are detected, it is maximum to obtain Function1 result of calculations in each image respectively W (x, y) be used as target area.Three position of focal plane w are calculated in conjunction with the clarity evaluation algorithms Function3 of focusing software The clarity of (x, y), and compare calculating gained clarity size, it is right at the most clear institute of image that Current camera focal plane is adjusted to institute The position of focal plane answered, is denoted as P2
The method and step obtained to clarity evaluation algorithms Function3 is specific as follows:
A) w (i, j) is used to indicate the focusing target scene image of a width M*N;
B) the evaluation function Function3 for designing an acquisition image border width evaluates calculation as accurate adjustment coke clarity Method, expression formula are:
Function3=(μx×edgexy×edgey)/2;
Wherein, edgexAnd edgeyThe respectively average edge width in row, column direction, μxAnd μyIt is wide for row, column direction edge The weights of degree, expression formula are respectively:
Wherein, M, N are the row, column pixel number of image w (x, y), and * indicates convolution algorithm.
10) accurate adjustment coke step number L is calculated according to the corresponding focusing step number L of depth of focus of step 2)1, specific formula for calculation is:
Wherein, L is the corresponding focusing step number of a depth of focus.
11) with rough focusing optimal focal plane P2On the basis of, it is L to carry out step number to camera1Accurate adjustment it is burnt, obtain absolute focal plane position It sets in P2+2L1、P2+L1、P2- L1、P2- 2L1、P2Five groups of images;After focusing executes, Current camera focal plane returns to position P2
12) confirm whether image meets analysis requirement, if not satisfied, then repeating step 11);If satisfied, then skipping to Step 13);
13) use target scene automatic screening algorithm Function1 with window w that row, column pixel number is respectively M, N (x, Y) five focal plane picture centre visual fields of step 11) are detected, respectively obtain each image in Function1 result of calculations most Big w (x, y) is used as target area.Five position of focal plane w are calculated in conjunction with the clarity evaluation algorithms Function3 of focusing software The clarity of (x, y), and compare calculating gained clarity size, the position of focal plane corresponding to the maximum image of clarity is best Position of focal plane P3
14) position of focal plane of camera is adjusted to optimal focal plane position P3, complete in-orbit focusing.
The content category ability that description in the present invention is not described in detail is in the known technology of technical staff.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of in-orbit focus adjustment method of the spaceborne transmission of visible light type camera of earth observation, it is characterised in that steps are as follows:
1) confirm that the in-orbit imaging parameters of camera are adjusted in place, and obtain the centre wavelength of camera, relative aperture, focusing step pitch, adjust Burnt amplification factor, pixel dimension, focusing range;
2) F reciprocal of the central wavelength lambda, relative aperture that are obtained according to step 1), focusing step pitch l, focus amplification factor n, calculates Half depth of focus Δ of camera and the corresponding focusing step number L of a depth of focus;
3) with initial position of focal plane P0On the basis of, the rough focusing that step number is 2L is carried out to camera, obtains absolute position of focal plane in P0+ 4L、P0+2L、P0- 2L, P0- 4L, P0Five groups of images;After focusing executes, focal plane returns to initial position of focal plane P0
4) confirm whether image meets analysis requirement, that is, require image that there is cities and towns, farmland, woods ground object target and cloud desk Rate<20%, if not satisfied, then repeating step 3);If satisfied, then skipping to step 5);
5) image of five positions of focal plane obtained respectively to step 3) pre-processes, using target scene automatic screening algorithm Function1, with row, column pixel number be respectively M, N window w (x, y) to five focal plane picture centre visual fields in step 4) into Row detection obtains the maximum w (x, y) of Function1 result of calculations in each image and is used as target area respectively;It is soft in conjunction with focusing The defocus evaluation algorithms Function2 of part calculates the frequency domain zero f of five position of focal plane w (x, y)0, to obtain this five cokes The stripped deviation S of face position and optimal focal plane position, is denoted as S respectively0+2, S0+1, S0-1, S0-2, S0
6) according to deviation result of calculation determine focusing step number and focusing direction, by step 5) obtain five positions of focal plane with most The stripped deviation S of good position of focal plane determines theoretical optimal focal plane position, is denoted as P1, Current camera focal plane is adjusted to P1
7) with position P1On the basis of, the focusing that step number is L is carried out to camera, obtains absolute position of focal plane in P1+L、P1- L, P1's Three width images;After focusing executes, Current camera focal plane returns to position P1
8) confirm whether image meets analysis requirement, if not satisfied, then repeating step 7);If satisfied, then skipping to step 9);
9) use target scene automatic screening algorithm Function1, be respectively with row, column pixel number M, N window w (x, y) it is right Three focal plane picture centre visual fields of step 7) are detected, and obtain the maximum w of Function1 result of calculations in each image respectively (x, y) is used as target area;Three position of focal plane w (x, y) are calculated in conjunction with the clarity evaluation algorithms Function3 of focusing software Clarity, and compare calculating gained clarity size, by Current camera focal plane adjust to institute at image it is most clear corresponding to Position of focal plane is denoted as P2
10) accurate adjustment coke step number L is calculated according to the corresponding focusing step number L of depth of focus of step 2)1
11) with focal plane P2On the basis of, it is L to carry out step number to camera1Accurate adjustment it is burnt, obtain absolute position of focal plane in P2+2L1、P2+ L1、P2- L1、P2- 2L1、P2Five groups of images;After focusing executes, Current camera focal plane returns to position P2
12) confirm whether image meets analysis requirement, if not satisfied, then repeating step 11);If satisfied, then skipping to step 13);
13) use target scene automatic screening algorithm Function1, be respectively with row, column pixel number M, N window w (x, y) it is right Five focal plane picture centre visual fields of step 11) are detected, and it is maximum to obtain Function1 result of calculations in each image respectively W (x, y) is used as target area;In conjunction with focusing software clarity evaluation algorithms Function3 calculate five position of focal plane w (x, Y) clarity, and compare calculating gained clarity size, the position of focal plane corresponding to the maximum image of clarity is best burnt Face position P3
14) position of focal plane of camera is adjusted to optimal focal plane position P3, complete in-orbit focusing.
2. a kind of in-orbit focus adjustment method of the spaceborne transmission of visible light type camera of earth observation according to claim 1, special Sign is:The expression formula of half depth of focus Δ of camera described in step 2) is:
The λ F of 2 Δs=42
3. a kind of in-orbit focus adjustment method of the spaceborne transmission of visible light type camera of earth observation according to claim 1, special Sign is:The expression formula of the corresponding focusing step number L of a depth of focus described in step 2) is:
4. a kind of in-orbit focus adjustment method of the spaceborne transmission of visible light type camera of earth observation according to claim 1, special Sign is:Step 10) accurate adjustment coke step number L1Expression formula be:
Wherein, L is the corresponding focusing step number of a depth of focus.
5. a kind of in-orbit focus adjustment method of the spaceborne transmission of visible light type camera of earth observation according to claim 1, special Sign is:The expression formula of the target scene automatic screening algorithm Function1 is:
Function1=f1×f2
Wherein, f1And f2Respectively the average gray gradient of image w (x, y) and edge account for the ratio of full figure, expression formula difference For:
Wherein, M, N are the row, column pixel number of image w (x, y), and * indicates convolution algorithm.
6. a kind of in-orbit focus adjustment method of the spaceborne transmission of visible light type camera of earth observation according to claim 1, special Sign is:The expression formula of the defocus evaluation algorithms Function2 is:
Wherein, F (v, u) is the Fourier transformation of w (i, j), and expression formula is:
Wherein, M, N are the row, column pixel number of image w (x, y), and COF is F (v, u)2Maximum value.
7. a kind of in-orbit focus adjustment method of the spaceborne transmission of visible light type camera of earth observation according to claim 1, special Sign is:The expression formula of five focal planes and the stripped deviation S of optimal focal plane are when rough focusing described in step 5):
Wherein, d is pixel dimension, and n is amplification factor, f0Corresponding frequency values when there is first minimum for Function2.
8. a kind of in-orbit focus adjustment method of the spaceborne transmission of visible light type camera of earth observation according to claim 1, special Sign is:The expression formula of the clarity evaluation algorithms Function3 is:
Function3=(μx×edgexy×edgey)/2;
Wherein, edgexAnd edgeyThe respectively average edge width in row, column direction, μxAnd μyFor row, column direction border width Weights, expression formula are respectively:
Wherein, M, N are the row, column pixel number of image w (x, y), and * indicates convolution algorithm.
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