CN106025475A - Butler matrix-based novel 6*6 multi-beam network - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a Butler matrix-based novel 6*6 multi-beam network. The Butler matrix-based novel 6*6 multi-beam network is characterized by comprising six input ports and six output ports in upper and lower two layers in all, wherein the first layer comprises three mutually independent two-way directional couplers A, B and C; and the second layer comprises two mutually independent three-way directional couplers A and B. The 'three-way distribution/combination' topological structure is applied to a multi-beam forming network, so that a novel 6*6 multi-beam network design of which the number of ports is more flexible is obtained; and the Butler matrix has higher flexibility and adaptability in a practical application scene.

Description

A kind of novel 6x6 multiple beam forming network based on Butler battle array

Technical field

The present invention relates to beam-forming network Butler (Butler) battle array radio circuit correlation technique, refer specifically to a kind of introducing three tunnels Directional coupler has the multiport microstrip circuit matrix of stronger motility and novelty.

Background technology

This kind of novel plane No. three directional coupler can be used as 3x3 Wave-packet shaping network provides orthogonal three beam switchover functions.Its Composition includes that two length are about the transmission line of 3 λ g/4 (λ g is the wavelength in dielectric-slab) and a length is about λ g/6's Transmission line.This bonder is passive, low-power consumption, has 3 outputs of 3 inputs and amounts to six reciprocal port, each from input Port enter signal can be divided equally and export at output port with identical amplitude, and between three ports produce fix Phase difference value, size is respectively-120 °, 0 and+120 °.Under the test environment of 5.6-6.0GHz, returning of this design Ripple loss is more than 15dB less than-10dB, isolation, and merit point disequilibrium is less than positive and negative 1.3dB, and phase shift disequilibrium is less than Positive and negative 14 °.Described on end, Ci Zhong No. tri-directional coupler can realize good coupling and isolation in the relative bandwidth of 7% Performance, has the phase-shift characterisitc that merit accurately is intrinsic and stable concurrently.

Its particular characteristic is defined as follows: (define its output port and be respectively Port1, Port2, Port3, output port be Port4, Port5, Port6, although actually input/output end port meets transmitting-receiving reciprocity, but for ease of describing the most so regulation)

I. all of the port all can realize perfect match；

Ii. divided by the energy (usually equal proportion, preferably proportion adjustable) according to a certain percentage of outside entrance Port1 port It is assigned to Port4, Port5, Port6, and does not the most enter Port2, Port3；

Iii. the energy being assigned to Port4, Port5, Port6 meets certain (preferably equal difference) phase relation, this phase Position relation can keep stable in the range of certain frequency；

Between iv.Port4, Port5, Port6, any two ends mouth is isolated from each other；

V.Port2, Port3 are likewise supplied with the characteristic of above-mentioned ii, iii, iv；

Vi. transmitting-receiving port can reciprocity.

Fig. 1 is the microstrip circuit structure diagram of described novel No. three directional couplers, the rectangle representative feature resistance that length differs Anti-different microstrip line.

Beam-forming network is a kind of feeding network having multiple input port and multiple output port.Each input port is carried out During excitation, power is distributed to output port in certain proportion and can produce constant phase contrast between adjacent output port, but When different input port input, phase contrast is different, and so under each port inputs, the directional diagram of antenna is different from, thus Realize multi-beam.Phase shift required for producing beam scanning can be realized by the transmission line of Length discrepancy or special phase shifter, Butler battle array is a kind of passive network realizing Wave beam forming with analogy method, and its basic Component units is 3dB/90 ° of orientation coupling Clutch and fixed phase shifter.Compared to other passive multiple beam forming networks, Butler matrix has that gain is lossless, wave beam is orthogonal, receives Send out reciprocity, simple in construction, the unique advantages such as microstrip circuit processing can be used, become the most frequently used a kind of Multibeam synthesis of simulating Method.

The essence of Butler matrix is to be assigned in different paths by the energy of incidence wave, eventually arrives at N number of different outfan Mouthful, preferable Butler matrix is equal in the signal power of N number of output port.Simultaneously as through different paths Signal has different Phase delay at outfan, and reasonably the length of regulation transmission line combines 3dB directional coupler and fixing phase shift Device just can reach such a effect: when encouraging incidence wave from a port input, obtains the outgoing of constant amplitude at N number of outfan Ripple, can produce identical phase place simultaneously and in advance or postpone between adjacent beams, thus produces the wave beam of a deviation normal direction, and then Change the beam position of whole array.When encouraging different inputs, new phase contrast can be produced at N number of outfan, be formed The beam position of different directions.

Shown in Fig. 2 is the general structure figure of the Butler matrix of a 4x4, and this kind of Butler battle array can realize 4 and fix The beam switchover in direction, can be considered the submatrix of Butler battle array.It was made up of 4 directional couplers, 2-45 ° phase shifters. 1-4 is input port, and 5-8 is output port.When signal enters from an input port, obtain between any two from outfan There are constant phase difference, and the four road signals that power is equal.But the signal of different input port inputs, gained phase contrast is different, often Concrete phase contrast corresponding to the input signal of road is as it is shown on figure 3, phase contrast is ± 45 ° and ± 135 ° respectively.

Owing to the power distribution of classical Butler battle array is realized, for N × N (wherein N=2 by No. two directional couplers^k, k is Integer not less than 2) Butler battle array, need (N × log2N)/2 No. two directional coupler simultaneously need to (k-1) × N/2 stationary phase phase shifter.Its topological structure can be regarded as based on 4 × 4 submatrixs to laterally (same to layer) and longitudinal (layer Between) extend and by successively adjusting the difference characteristics such as the amplitudes such as the phase shift value realization of fixed phase shifter.Owing to subarray configuration is fixed, Though multiport Butler battle array dependable performance and stable, port number be strictly limited be 2 k power, this point limits greatly Make its adaptability in different application scene, largely reducing its motility, become Butler battle array from now at electronic applications It is widely used and continues the big obstacle of flourish one.

Summary of the invention

The invention aims to solve traditional B utler battle array be based only upon two road branch line directional couplers designs and with fixing phase It is and the n times power of only 2 then to cause that the potential difference phase shifter is combined designing the port number restrictive ports number caused Shaping network applied environment single and require the shortcomings such as harsh, it is proposed that a kind of by introducing novel three road branch line directional couple Device also carries out organic assembling with traditional two road branch line directional couplers, and obtained by carrying out scientific and reasonable Topology Structure Design Brand-new 6x6Butler battle array design, ensure Butler battle array still have low return loss, high-isolation, etc. coupling, accurately The superperformance such as PHASE DISTRIBUTION and wider working band on the premise of, be greatly improved Butler battle array in actual applications Motility and the adaptability in various design situations so that the application instantly of Butler battle array is obtained for development prospect opens up greatly Wide.

When Dang You bis-road and No. three directional coupler mixing constitute Butler battle array, port number is probably any integer more than 3； And two kinds of bonder both possible parallel distributed are in same layer, it is also possible at different layers, there is not fixing basic submatrix, its topology Structure and phase shifter parameter designing are by increasingly complex.The present invention continues employing directional coupler and fixed phase shifter as basic device Constitute the thought of orthogonal multi beamforming network；According to the port number that basic device is different, use and open up based on binary tree, ternary tree The logical deduction by reasoning flutterring structure combines the computer-aided design realization design to 6x6 port number Butler battle array, returns on this basis Receive out the method for designing of this novel B utler battle array.The every principle following the design of Butler battle array novel three tunnels that will be firstly introduced The influence factor of branch line directional coupler takes into account, by obtaining 6x6Butler after scientific and reasonable Topology Structure Design Battle array: for meeting 6 input ports (#1-#6) and 6 output ports (#7-#12), this kind of novel 6x6Butler of the present invention Battle array topological structure is mainly divided two-layer, and it is three two road branch line directional coupler (i.e. 3dB side by side that input side counts ground floor Electric bridge first, second, third), the second layer is novel three road branch line directional coupler first and the second of two side by side, for meet from difference defeated Identical phase difference value can be had between the adjacent output port of Butler battle array when entering end input, left between ground floor and the second layer One-30 ° fixed skew phase shifters are added respectively on the connecting line of right both sides.By each port of above device according to scientific and reasonable Design be attached, finally can obtain outfan phase contrast and include ± 60 °, ± 90 ° of 6x6Butler battle arrays with ± 120 °. Incidence wave is when each input port is injected between outgoing wave phase condition and each two output port of corresponding all output ports Phase contrast is as shown in the table.

Port sequence number

#7

#8

#9

#10

#11

#12

Phase contrast

#1

-30°

-90°

-150°

-210°

-270°

-330°

-60°

#2

-120°

0°

120°

240°

0°

120°

120°

#3

0°

-90°

0°

-90°

0°

-90°

±90°

#4

-90°

0°

-90°

0°

-90°

0°

±90°

#5

120°

0°

-120°

-240°

0°

-120°

-120°

#6

-330°

-270°

-210°

-150°

-90°

-30°

60°

Table 1 every road input signal correspondence outgoing wave phase place and adjacent two signal phase differences

The innovation of this invention is mainly reflected in:

(1) No. three directional couplers are applied to Butler battle array build；

(2) 6x6Butler battle array is realized by two tunnels, being applied in combination of No. three directional couplers.

It is an advantage of the current invention that:

(1) " road is distributed/closed on three tunnels " topological structure is used for multiple beam forming network by the present invention, thus obtains a kind of port number The most novel 6x6 multiple beam forming network designs so that this kind of Butler matrix has higher in actual application scenarios Motility and adaptability；

(2) present invention has remained in that while realizing its innovation performance the low echo that the design of classical Butler battle array is had damages Consumption, high-isolation, etc. a series of superperformance characteristics such as coupling, accurately PHASE DISTRIBUTION and wider working band；

(3) present invention can carry out expansion laterally and longitudinally, in conjunction with actual demand as one of submatrix of multiport Butler battle array Carry out corresponding Topology Structure Design, thus obtain the port number arbitrary port number Butler battle array more than 3, for it later entirely Infiltration and development under new opplication environment provides great probability.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Novel No. three directional couplers that Fig. 1 is.

Fig. 2 is the general structure figure of the Butler matrix of a 4x4.

Fig. 3 is the different phase difference outputs corresponding to the input signal of 4x4Butler matrix every road.

Fig. 4 is the Topology Structure Design of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the ADS semi physical aspect phantom of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is #1 input port correspondence properties simulation result of the present invention.

Fig. 7 be the present invention corresponding ± 90 ° of phase contrast feed antenna battle array Direction Pattern Simulation results.

Specific implementation

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.

The present invention is a kind of novel 6x6 multiple beam forming network based on Butler battle array, and input and output port number are all 6.But Owing to one has five bonders and wherein has odd number No. two directional coupler, the even number of traditional B utler battle array topological structure is symmetrical Become odd-numbered symmetry in the present invention, thus add the stationary phase phase shifter of how many degree wherein, need again to plan and design, By successively adjust realize at final output port etc. the difference characteristic such as amplitude.The phase-shift characterisitc considering bonder is opened up with this Flutter the connected mode of different layers inter-stage in structure, for realizing the equiphase difference characteristic between adjacent output port, may finally determine Between the one or two layer, on two transmission lines of both sides, add the fixed skew phase shifter that two phase shift values are 30 ° phase place is entered Row is revised.

As shown in Figure 4, the design has two-layer primary structure, and ground floor includes three separate No. two directional couplers 3dB electric bridge first, second, third, the second layer includes two separate No. three directional coupler first and second；

Below topological structure from bottom to top start observe, analyze, it is seen that first, second and third input the most successively Form the input port #1 to #6 of 6x6 multiple beam forming network, because No. two directional couplers are by two outputs of same input gained Signal phase difference is definite value 90 °, and in ground floor, two outfans of same bonder in theory should be fixed with second layer Liang Ge tri-tunnel respectively It is connected to ensure the most further to cause extra phase contrast to produce to the same port of bonder.Therefore the outfan of 3dB electric bridge first The input port g of mouth a and 3 road branch line directional coupler first was interconnected by one-30 ° stationary phase phase shifters, with Reason, 3dB electric bridge the third output port f is also through one-30 ° stationary phase phase shifters and 3 road branch line directional coupler second Input port l is connected.Additionally, the residue output port of three two road bonders also with the residue input of Liang Ge tri-road bonder Mouth one_to_one corresponding is connected with each other, wherein b correspondence j, c correspondence h, d correspondence k, and e correspondence i thus constitutes this Butler In Zhen, ground floor is connected design with the circuit of the second layer；In view of No. three directional couplers by same input gained output signal Fixed skew is respectively-120 °, 0 ° and+120 °, for ensureing that the phase shift function of passive beam forming network stably realizes, Second layer coupler output should be premised on the phase contrast that ground floor has produced, it is achieved adjacent outfan when encouraging single driving source Produce fixing phase contrast between Kou, therefore the outfan of second layer Liang Ge tri-road branch line directional coupler is staggered, i.e. three tunnels Three output ports of directional coupler first are arranged the most successively and are formed the output port #7 of 6x6 multiple beam forming network, outfan Mouth #9, output port #11, the output of three output ports of No. three directional coupler second then the most corresponding 6x6 multiple beam forming network Port #8, output port #10, output port #12, the above port #7 to #12 has together constituted with 6x6 novel B utler Six output ports of battle array.Because the formation of the present invention is evident as symmetrical, thus when carrying out phase analysis just for port #1, #2, #3 are analyzed, and are mapped the phase contrast situation of change of whole port by symmetric property.But owing to ground floor exists strange No. two directional couplers that several (three) are separate, the corresponding phase of output signal situation of #3, #4 port input gained The most special compared with traditional B utler battle array.

Assume that initial input signal relative phase is 0 °.The signal inputted by port 1 is output as through No. two directional couplers Two amplitudes are equal, the output signal of phase contrast 90 °, one from a output transmit after 30 ° of stationary phase phase shifters to No. three directional coupler input port g, another differs the signal of 90 ° therewith and is directly transferred to separate another by b output The input port j of No. three directional coupler second, now two signal phase differences are 60 °.Due to No. three directional couplers etc. amplitude Fixed skew characteristic, the two signal export after three road bonders become respectively relative phase for-30 ° ,-150 °, -270 ° and-90 ° ,-210 °, six output signals of-330 °, the most corresponding output port #7, #9, #11, #8, Outgoing wave at #10, #12, thus calculates that the phase contrast between just recognisable output two two-port is definite value-60 °.With this type of Advancing row to calculate, also understanding the phase contrast between any two of six output signals by excitation input port 2 gained is definite value 120 °.

Due to the impact of odd number No. two directional coupler design of ground floor, use manner described above to calculate, be not difficult Finding when incidence wave inputs from #3, #4 port, outfan outgoing wave phase contrast between any two is not traditional B utler battle array institute Desired stationary phase difference, but staggered conversion ± 90 ° of phase contrasts.This characteristic is actual for 6x6 port of the present invention Demand, includes impedance matching, port isolation in conjunction with Butler battle array, shifts to precision, insertion loss and realize many performances such as difficulty The final design result of acquisition is traded off for obtaining optimization performance after requirement.And by emulation can confirm that ± 90 ° interlock Output signal as information source input the lobe that obtained of corresponding dipole antenna array directed straight ahead to, with 0 ° of phase contrast The actual effect of output signal is identical.Between adjacent outgoing wave, phase contrast is the lobe directions figure simulation result such as accompanying drawing 7 of ± 90 ° Shown in.

Fig. 5 is the Topology Structure Design of the present invention semi physical aspect phantom in simulation software ADS.Preset operating frequency 5.8GHz, relative dielectric constant 2.65, dielectric substrate thickness 0.8mm.Shown in whole Butler battle array topological structure and Fig. 4 Structure keeps completely the same, and the 4ports encasing electronic components being connected with 6, left side input port in figure is that two road branch lines are fixed To bonder, the interspersed corresponding packaging model that 30symbol is-30 ° of stationary phase phase shifters being connected into, right side thereafter Two main devices 6ports be then the packaging model of novel three road branch line directional couplers, both all right sides ports with Port represents that device is connected to form 6 output ports.Fig. 6 is to encourage #1 port correspondence outgoing wave properties to exist in the present invention Simulation result example in ADS.Under the 5.8GHz operating frequency set, this circuit is emulated, observe emphatically circuit whole Whether body meets the phase-shift characterisitc that the intrinsic and each port phase difference of good merit is fixing.Owing to simulation result comprises 6 inputs Six groups of data that end is the most corresponding, and the design possesses symmetrical physical characteristic and port reciprocity property, therefore only need specific aim Research signal respective performances situation of corresponding all output signals when the input of tri-input ports of left side #1, #2, #3 Map the Performance Simulation Results obtaining whole Butler battle array, and we have found that in actual mechanical process except the most adjacent output letter Outside phase contrast between number is according to default differentiation, other Performance Simulation Results (include the insertion loss with each output port And with the isolation etc. of other input ports) the most close, therefore take at this #1 port as during input correspondence output emulation Result carries out analysing in depth research as representative object of study.Three pictures of Fig. 6 are respectively corresponding the inserting of #1 port Enter loss, interport isolation between adjacent output signals phase contrast and input port.Observe Fig. 6 (a) port 1 defeated with 6 The insertion loss going out port corresponding is not difficult to find out, under default operating frequency 5.8GHz, in frequency range 5.7GHz-6.1GHz All insertion loss sizes that interior #1 port is relevant are all-7.8dB ± 1dB, can be read as waiting coupling, i.e. by 1 port input Signal power be divided equally to 6 output ports and form the output signal of six constant powers；From Fig. 6 (b), under operating frequency There is fixed skew 60 ° ± 5 ° between the most adjacent output signal obtained when encouraging 1 port, shift to accurately, meet The phase contrast of Butler battle array sets；Fig. 6 (c) the most clearly illustrates have between input port under default operating frequency preferably The high isolation of insertion loss, both are smaller than equal to-10dB, and working environment is reliable and stable, very good.Afterwards with Carry out emulating the research to acquired results from the different port of #2 to #6 as input to observe and all understand it and meet preset requirement. In sum, the present invention ensure low return loss, high-isolation, etc. coupling, accurately some row characteristics such as PHASE DISTRIBUTION Port number is successfully increased to 6x6, it is thus achieved that performance preferable Butler battle array designs under premise.

Claims (1)

1. a novel 6x6 multiple beam forming network based on Butler battle array, it is characterised in that input port is with output port number all Being 6, have two-layer up and down, ground floor includes three separate No. two directional coupler first, second and third, second layer bag Include two separate No. three directional coupler first and second；

No. two directional coupler first, second, the input of third sequentially form the input port #1 of 6x6 multiple beam forming network from left to right No. three directional coupler first are connected by-30 ° of stationary phase phase shifters to #6, the output port a of No. two directional coupler first Input port g, the output port f of No. two directional couplers third connect No. three directional couplers by-30 ° of stationary phase phase shifters The input port l of second, the output port b of No. two directional coupler first connect the input port j of No. three directional coupler second, two tunnels The output port c and output port d of directional coupler second connects the input port h of No. three directional coupler first respectively and three tunnels are fixed The input of No. three directional coupler first is connected to the input port k of bonder second, the output port e of No. two directional couplers third The outfan of mouth i, second layer Liang Ge tri-road branch line directional coupler is staggered, three outputs of i.e. No. three directional coupler first Port is arranged the most successively and is formed the output port #7 of 6x6 multiple beam forming network, output port #9, output port #11, and three Three output ports of road directional coupler second then respectively the corresponding output port #8 of 6x6 multiple beam forming network, output port #10, Output port #12, described output port #7 to #12 constitute six output ports of 6x6 multiple beam forming network.