District and using method thereof are experienced in mechanical wounding dangerous matter sources identification
Technical field
The present invention is that district and using method thereof are experienced in mechanical wounding dangerous matter sources identification, is to be imparted knowledge to students by machine security protection
And the rural migrant worker of construction enterprises gives training and designs, belong to vocational education facility field.
Background technology
Mechanicalness injury refers mainly to plant equipment motion (static) parts, instrument, workpiece directly cause with human contact
Pincer attack, collide, shear, be involved in, twist, grind, cut, the injury of the form such as thorn;What all kinds of rotations were mechanical exposes running part (such as tooth
Wheel, axle, crawler belt etc.) and principal moving parts be likely to human body is caused mechanical wounding;And reality refers mainly to machinery and makes
Powerful function is in human injury;The most position of mechanical wounding human body is hands;Cause the most former of mechanical accident
Cause is that the unsafe condition of Unsafe behavior and thing causes;Unsafe behavior mainly includes operational error and is strayed into
Danger district causes;The main cause of operational error has: the noise that 1. machinery produces makes consciousness and the audition paralysis of operator, causes
It is difficult to judge or misjudgment;2. handle according to wrong or incomplete information or control machinery and cause error;3. machinery is aobvious
Show that the display miss such as device, indication signal makes operator's maloperation;4. control the identity with steerable system, standardization is bad and makes
Operator produces operational error;Cause the most it is pressed for time and do not take into full account and process problem;6. lack motivation tool dangerous
Understanding and produce operational error;7. lack of skill, operational approach is improper;The most out of trim, it is not careful to arrange, because of hastily
And cause operational error;9. operation routine is improper, and supervision and check are inadequate, operate against regulations;It is the most artificial that to make machine be in dangerous
State, as taken off safety guard, excision interlock etc..Take a shortcut, scheme conveniently, ignore security procedure.Such as not jiggering, do not replace point
Analysis etc..The reason being strayed into danger district mainly has: 1. operate the change of machine, during as changed operating condition or improving safety device;②
The psychology follow the line of least resistance, taken a shortcut, to familiar machine, can have a mind to save some program and be strayed into danger district;3. forget under trained reflex
Ji Wei district;4. dull, operation make operator tired and be strayed into danger district;5. vision or audition are caused due to health or environmental effect
Slip up and be strayed into danger district;6. the thinking of mistake and memory, especially to machine and operate unfamiliar new worker and be easily strayed into danger
District;7. cammander's mistake commander, operator fails to resist and be strayed into danger district;8. information communication bad and be strayed into danger district;9. abnormal
State and the error under the conditions of other;The unsafe condition of machinery, refers to the safety protection facility imperfection of machine, ventilates, prevents
The safety and sanitation facility shortage etc. such as malicious, dust-proof, illumination, shockproof, antinoise and meteorological condition all can induce accident, is caused
The dangerous matter sources of injury accident is usually present in following position: the parts 1. rotated have danger human body or object being involved in from outside
Danger;The ledge of the chuck of lathe, drill bit, milling cutter etc., drive disk assembly and rotary shaft have hook coat-sleeve, trouser legs, long hair etc. and
The danger that people is involved in;Wind wing, impeller have the danger that strand is ground;The cylinder rotated relative to contact makes the indrawn danger of people;
2. the position making straight reciprocating motion also exists the danger wounding and squeezing wound;Punching press, shear, the mould of the machinery such as forging and stamping, tup,
The positions such as the edge of a knife also exist the danger of pressure, shearing;3. the position of waving of machinery also exists again the danger of shock, operationally,
Also to fix;4. machinery control point, handle point, checkpoint, sample point, feeding process etc. and the most all also exist different potential
Risk factor.
For there is no the university students of practical experience, with for having not been entered into the rural migrant worker of duty, owing to there is no machine
The experience of tool injury, the most not enough to the understanding of importance of mechanical wounding;Teaching in University in China's architectural engineering adopts always and says
Awarding is main teaching method, although China Higher has breakthrough in teaching with middle vocational education in recent years, have employed multimedia
Deng Informalized teaching means, it is provided with some Teaching Circumstances, but breaks away from the teaching model to lecture the most at all;For making religion
Educating the paces that can catch up with China's economic development, a collection of application technology university is transformed in country's decision-making, and the teacher of these universities, facility are all
Arranging according to elite formula training mode, want to press close to construction teaching, difficulty is the biggest;On the other hand, along with the industry of China
The issuing and implementation of 2025 plans, country strengthens the training request to rural migrant worker in recent years, and the inspection to enterprise in charge of construction
Investigate core to put more effort, but enterprise in charge of construction is difficult to the tissue training to the mechanical wounding of rural migrant worker, application technology university,
The current facility of School of High Profession Technology, middle vocational school can not meet the training request of the rural migrant worker's mechanical wounding being engaged in building industry.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the university students not having practical experience, with for having not been entered into the rural migrant worker of duty, by not having
The experience of mechanical wounding, the problem also not enough to the understanding of importance of mechanical wounding, the invention provides mechanical wounding dangerous matter sources
Identify and experience district and using method thereof.
The specific practice of this programme is: use mechanical wounding dangerous matter sources identification as shown in Figure 1 to experience district, is that accident is existing
All kinds of possible mechanical accidents classification in field carries out security protection demonstration, by rotating machinery security protection demonstration platform 1, impact
Machine security protection demonstration platform 2, earthmoving machinery are demonstrated safely platform 3, lifting machine security protection demonstration platform 4 and vehicle safety
Demonstration platform 5 composition;Each demonstration platform coexists a Room, mutually confirms, and mechanical wounding is remained vigilant against by composition.
Rotating machinery security protection demonstration platform 1 is primarily directed on the equipment of job site used drilling machine for drilling holes, rotation
Safety device on the slewings such as motor, gear, belt pulley, including rotating machinery safty shield, rule of operation exhibition
Show that plate, safety warning-panel form;Rotating machinery is all high speed rotating, and the belt of personnel, long hair etc. are once stained with whirler
Tool, it will casualty accident occurs;Therefore, first have to the rotating mechanism position close protection to rotating machinery, also to remind at any time
Operator do not operate against regulations, there is a need to remind other staff to enhance your vigilance, take care;Rotating machinery safty shield is
The outer housing of rotating machinery rotation portion, is arranged on the outside of the rotation portion of rotating machinery;Rule of operation Graphic Panel show be
The use program of relevant rotating machinery and using method, be erected at the side of rotating machinery;Safety warning-panel is that warning may
The injury to other people caused, is arranged on the top of impulse machine.
Impulse machine security protection demonstration platform 2 is that the safety to piling machine, the impact impulse machine such as tamping machine, strong rammer equipment is prevented
The place protected and use safely;Main hazard source is that operator may be damaged by the impulse machine in work, it is also possible to
Other staff are damaged;Impulse machine security protection demonstration platform 2 is by impulse machine, operation protective frame, impact range protection
Cover, key points for operation notice board and safety warning-panel composition;Operation protective frame is the dress that operator injure from impulse machine
Put, be arranged between operator and the percussion mechanism of impulse machine;Impact range protective cover is that impulse machine is in safety operation
In the range of protective cover, be located at the periphery at impulse machine;Key points for operation notice board is positioned at impulse machine operator easily to be seen
The position arrived, is the notice board pointing out operator to carry out operation according to hints on operation;Safety warning-panel is prompting impulse machine
The warning sign of contingent accident, is arranged on the top of impulse machine.
Earthmoving machinery platform 3 of demonstrating safely is the demonstration earthmoving machinery such as bull-dozer, excavator, land leveller, scraper, paver
Safety work;Its main hazard source is present in the mutually collision of earthmoving machinery, the toppling of machinery, machinery to less important work personnel's
Injury etc.;Safety device is between collision prevention device, Overthrow preventing device, earthmoving machinery and earthmoving machinery, between machinery and personnel
The show stand of safe distance monitoring;Before and after collision prevention device is arranged on earthmoving machinery;Overthrow preventing device is arranged on earthmoving machinery
Middle part;Safe distance supervising device is arranged on the operating room of earthmoving machinery.
Lifting machine security protection demonstration platform 4 is mainly for the safety precaution of the hanging devices such as tower crane, crawler crane, truck crane
The safety report test arranged and alarm device, main hazard source is present in the weather impact on lifting, and safety device includes that wind-force is supervised
Control device, apparatus for warning overload, insufficient visibility alarm device;Wind-force supervising device includes wind-force test and warning two parts,
Wind-force part of detecting is arranged on the top of lifting machine, and alarm portion is arranged on driver's cabin, when wind-force reaches Pyatyi, the most automatically
Report to the police;Apparatus for warning overload includes load test and warning two parts, and load test is partially installed on the hook portion of lifting machine
Position, alarm portion is arranged on driver's cabin, when load reaches rated load, with regard to automatic alarm;Insufficient visibility alarm device bag
Including visibility strength test, visibility range test and three parts of reporting to the police, visibility strength testing device, visibility range are tested
Device and alarm device are installed in driver's cabin, when running into rain, snow or fog haze weather insufficient visibility, when running into hoisting personnel
When command signal is not clear or is failed to understand by hoisting object drop point, with regard to automatic alarm.
Vehicle safety demonstration platform 5 be primarily directed to the job site contingent injury accident of various haulage vehicle and
The safety alarm device arranged, including fatigue warning device, apparatus for warning overload, overspeed alarm device, short-distance alarm device
And equipment failure warning device;Fatigue warning device is the device carrying out when vehicle operator fatigue driving reporting to the police;Cross
Carrying alarm device is the device that vehicle carries out when exceeding rated load reporting to the police;Overspeed alarm device is to exceed in vehicle operation
The device reported to the police is carried out during normal speed;Short-distance alarm device be vehicle with other object distance in risk range time carry out
The device reported to the police;Equipment failure warning device is the device carrying out when breaking down in any position of vehicle reporting to the police;Tired report
Alarm device, apparatus for warning overload, overspeed alarm device, short-distance alarm device and equipment failure warning device are arranged at driving
Sail room.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows and make university students or rural migrant worker be imparted knowledge to students by machine security protection, each to job site
Plant mechanical protection and have direct feeling.
Accompanying drawing explanation
District's schematic diagram is experienced in Fig. 1 mechanical wounding dangerous matter sources identification;
In figure: 1-rotating machinery security protection demonstration platform;2-impulse machine security protection demonstration platform;3-earthmoving machinery is demonstrated safely
Platform;4-lifting machine security protection demonstration platform;5-vehicle safety demonstration platform.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment
Certain university's designed, designed uses mechanical wounding dangerous matter sources identification as shown in Figure 1 to experience district, is by the scene of the accident
All kinds of possible mechanical accidents classification carry out security protection demonstration, by rotating machinery security protection demonstration platform 1, shock machine
Tool security protection demonstration platform 2, earthmoving machinery demonstrate safely platform 3, lifting machine security protection demonstration platform 4 show with vehicle safety
Model platform 5 composition;Each demonstration platform coexists a Room, mutually confirms, and mechanical wounding is remained vigilant against by composition.
Rotating machinery security protection demonstration platform 1 is primarily directed on the equipment of job site used drilling machine for drilling holes, rotation
Safety device on the slewings such as motor, gear, belt pulley, including rotating machinery safty shield, rule of operation exhibition
Show that plate, safety warning-panel form;Rotating machinery is all high speed rotating, and the belt of personnel, long hair etc. are once stained with whirler
Tool, it will casualty accident occurs;Therefore, first have to the rotating mechanism position close protection to rotating machinery, also to remind at any time
Operator do not operate against regulations, there is a need to remind other staff to enhance your vigilance, take care;Rotating machinery safty shield is
Outer housing to rotating machinery rotation portion, is arranged on the outside of the rotation portion of rotating machinery;Rule of operation Graphic Panel is shown
It is use program and the using method of relevant rotating machinery, is erected at the side of rotating machinery;Safety warning-panel is that warning can
The injury to other people that can cause, is arranged on the top of impulse machine.
Impulse machine security protection demonstration platform 2 is that the safety to piling machine, the impact impulse machine such as tamping machine, strong rammer equipment is prevented
The place protected and use safely;Main hazard source is that operator may be damaged by the impulse machine in work, it is also possible to
Other staff are damaged;Impulse machine security protection demonstration platform 2 is by impulse machine, operation protective frame, impact range protection
Cover, key points for operation notice board and safety warning-panel composition;Operation protective frame is the dress that operator injure from impulse machine
Put, be arranged between operator and the percussion mechanism of impulse machine;Impact range protective cover is that impulse machine is in safety operation
In the range of protective cover, be located at the periphery of impulse machine;Key points for operation notice board is positioned at impulse machine operator and it is readily seen that
Position, be that prompting operator carry out the notice board of operation according to hints on operation;Safety warning-panel is that prompting impulse machine can
The warning sign that energy is accidents caused, is arranged on the top of impulse machine.
Earthmoving machinery platform 3 of demonstrating safely is the demonstration earthmoving machinery such as bull-dozer, excavator, land leveller, scraper, paver
Safety work;Its main hazard source is present in the mutually collision of earthmoving machinery, the toppling of machinery, machinery to less important work personnel's
Injury etc.;Safety device is between collision prevention device, Overthrow preventing device, earthmoving machinery and earthmoving machinery, between machinery and personnel
The show stand of safe distance monitoring;Collision prevention device is arranged on both sides before and after earthmoving machinery;Overthrow preventing device is arranged on the earthwork
The middle part of machinery;Safe distance supervising device is arranged on the operating room of earthmoving machinery.
Lifting machine security protection demonstration platform 4 is mainly for the safety precaution of the hanging devices such as tower crane, crawler crane, truck crane
The safety report test arranged and alarm device, main hazard source is present in the weather impact on lifting, and safety device includes that wind-force is supervised
Control device, apparatus for warning overload, insufficient visibility alarm device;Wind-force supervising device includes wind-force test and warning two parts,
Wind-force part of detecting is arranged on the top of lifting machine, and alarm portion is arranged on driver's cabin, when wind-force reaches Pyatyi, the most automatically
Report to the police;Apparatus for warning overload includes load test and warning two parts, and load test is partially installed on the hook portion of lifting machine
Position, alarm portion is arranged on driver's cabin, when load reaches rated load, with regard to automatic alarm;Insufficient visibility alarm device bag
Including visibility strength test, visibility range test and three parts of reporting to the police, visibility strength testing device, visibility range are tested
Device and alarm device are installed in driver's cabin, when running into rain, snow or fog haze weather insufficient visibility, when running into hoisting personnel
When command signal is not clear or is failed to understand by hoisting object drop point, with regard to automatic alarm.
Vehicle safety demonstration platform 5 be primarily directed to the job site contingent injury accident of various haulage vehicle and
The safety alarm device arranged, including fatigue warning device, apparatus for warning overload, overspeed alarm device, short-distance alarm device
And equipment failure warning device;Fatigue warning device is the device carrying out when vehicle operator fatigue driving reporting to the police;Cross
Carrying alarm device is the device that vehicle carries out when exceeding rated load reporting to the police;Overspeed alarm device is to exceed in vehicle operation
The device reported to the police is carried out during normal speed;Short-distance alarm device is vehicle and other object distance report in risk range
Alert;Equipment failure warning device is the warning broken down when any position of vehicle;Fatigue warning device, overload-alarm fill
Put, overspeed alarm device, short-distance alarm device and equipment failure warning device are arranged at driver's cabin.