CN106022638A - Assessment method based on high-rise building fire hazard safety assessment system and system thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an assessment method based on a high-rise building fire hazard safety assessment system and a system thereof. The assessment method comprises the steps that causes of fire hazards of high-rise buildings are analyzed, and a fire hazard cause fish-bone diagram is acquired; a hierarchical assessment system is constructed by adopting an analytic hierarchy process according to the fire hazard cause fish-bone diagram; indexes to-be-assessed are selected from the hierarchical assessment system; fire hazard data corresponding to the high-rise buildings is acquired according to the selected indexes; the fuzzy processing of the acquired data is carried out by adopting a membership function, and the quantitative data of the high-rise buildings is acquired; and fire hazard safety assessment is carried out according to the quantitative data of the high-rise buildings. The systematic, scientific, and objective high-rise building fire hazard safety assessment system is constructed by adopting the analytic hierarchy process according to the fire hazard cause fish-bone diagram, and the fuzzy processing quantization is carried out by combining with the membership function, and therefore the high-rise building fire hazard safety assessment system is more systematic, scientific, objective, and accurate. The assessment method and the assessment system are suitable for being widely used in the fire hazard safety assessment field.

Description

A kind of appraisal procedure based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system and system

Technical field

The present invention relates to fire safety evaluation field, a kind of appraisal procedure based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system And system.

Background technology

The Tall Office Building fire hazard situation of China is severe, constantly has fire disaster to occur.Fire prevention is important more than fire hazard treating. How to take effective preventive measure to carry out the generation of fire preventing, reduce casualties and property loss that fire causes, become For a pendulum key subjects in face of people.Fire safety evaluation technology, with fire safety engineering for instructing, according to fire Whether pests occurrence rule and fire protection technologies principle, carry out quantitative analysis to the fire safety evaluating of Tall Office Building, can be with guidance management Personnel take preventive measure effectively, thus reduce casualties and property loss.Therefore fire safety evaluation technology is for preventing and treating fire Calamity has far reaching significance.

The Fire Prevention Act of China specify that the policy of " putting prevention first, combine prevention with fire fighting ", has strick precaution fire in mind in " not firing ".But, For the security against fire condition evaluation of building, lack system, science and objective technological means at present, easily by assessment experience, Level and the impact of artificial subjective factor, the most objective and accurate.As a example by urban fire control supervision and check, due to existing front fire-fighting The defect of safe condition evaluation measures, fire supervision department carries out determination and reform advice when fire supervision checks at disaster hidden-trouble On can there is random big, the problem such as lack of standardization of enforcing the law so that potential safety hazard can not eliminate in time, constrains the effect of fire supervision Really.

Therefore, in order to determine and eliminate the disaster hidden-trouble of skyscraper, it is necessary to existing fire safety evaluation technology is changed Enter and optimize, proposing more perfect fire evaluation system and corresponding appraisal procedure.

Summary of the invention

For solving above-mentioned technical problem, it is an object of the invention to: a kind of system, science, objective and accurately is provided, based on The appraisal procedure of fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system.

Another object of the present invention is to: a kind of system, science, objective and accurately, based on fire safety in high-rise buildings is provided The assessment system of evaluation system.

The technical solution used in the present invention is:

A kind of appraisal procedure based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system, comprises the following steps:

The fire origin cause of formation of high-rise is analyzed, obtains fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix；

Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to build hierarchy system according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix；

Index to be assessed is chosen from hierarchy system；

According to the corresponding fire data of index collection high-rise chosen；

Use membership function that the data gathered are carried out Fuzzy Processing, obtain the quantitative data of high-rise；

Quantitative data according to high-rise carries out fire safety evaluation.

Further, the described fire origin cause of formation to high-rise is analyzed, the step for of obtaining fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix, and its tool Body is:

Feature according to high-rise fire incident and historical statistical data are in conjunction with corresponding expert opinion and construction standards, right The reason being likely to result in fire is analyzed, and obtains corresponding fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix.

Further, described according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix use analytic hierarchy process (AHP) build hierarchy system the step for, comprising:

The ground floor structure of hierarchy system, the ground floor structure of described hierarchy system is built according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix Including this three major types index of active fire precaution index U, fireproofing passiveness index V and fire safety management index W；

The each big class of the ground floor structure of hierarchy system is refined, obtains the second layer structure of hierarchy system, In the second layer structure of described hierarchy system, the index after the refinement of active fire precaution index U includes fire-fighting equipment index and fire brigade Index；Fireproofing passiveness index V refinement after index include firebreak index, building structure index, flooring fire load index, Horizontal fire compartment index, vertical fire compartment index, Fire lift index, horizontal evacuation range index and extra exit index； Index after the refinement of fire safety management index W includes interior of building personnel's index, management level index and knowledge on fire fighting and skill Index can be trained；

The second layer structure of hierarchy system is refined further, obtains the third layer structure of hierarchy system, described Index after fire-fighting equipment index refines further in the second layer structure of hierarchy system include fire detecting system index, from Dynamic spray system index, warning system index, fire alarm broadcast guide system index, smoke control system index and fire hydrant systems to refer to Mark；Index after interior of building personnel's index refines further includes density of personnel index, personal security consciousness index and fire prevention Training index, management level index refine further after index include administration of the prevention and control prescription, full-time index on duty and Amateurish fire protection organization index.

Further, described employing membership function carries out Fuzzy Processing to the data gathered, and obtains the quantitative data of high-rise The step for, comprising:

The data gathered are carried out pretreatment, and described pretreatment includes but not limited to filtering, data mining and normalized；

Pretreated data are carried out Fuzzy Processing, obtains the quantitative data of high-rise.

Further, described pretreated data are carried out Fuzzy Processing, the step for of obtaining the quantitative data of high-rise, Comprising:

Choosing corresponding trapezoidal membership function according to pretreated data x, described trapezoidal membership function is divided into L ambiguity function L (x), M ambiguity function M (x) and H ambiguity function H (x), the expression formula of described L ambiguity function L (x) is:

$L\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}1,x\&le;0.2\\ \frac{0.4-x}{0.4-0.2},0.2<x\&le;0.4\\ 0,x>0.4\end{array}\right.,$

The expression formula of described M ambiguity function M (x) is:

$M\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,x\&le;0.2\\ \frac{x-0.2}{0.4-0.2},0.2<x\&le;0.4\\ 1,0.4<x\&le;0.6\\ \frac{0.8-x}{0.8-0.6},0.6<x\&le;0.8\\ 0,x>0.8\end{array}\right.,$

The expression formula of described H ambiguity function H (x) is:

$H\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,x\&le;0.6\\ \frac{x-0.6}{0.8-0.6},0.6<x\&le;0.8\\ 1,x>0.8\end{array}\right.;$

Carry out Fuzzy Processing according to the trapezoidal membership function chosen, obtain the quantitative data of high-rise.

Further, the step for that the described quantitative data according to high-rise carrying out fire safety evaluation, itself particularly as follows:

The quantitative criteria of the quantitative data of high-rise with setting is compared, finally evaluates the fire peace of high-rise Congruence level.

What the present invention was taked another solution is that

A kind of assessment system based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system, including:

Fire genetic analysis module, for being analyzed the fire origin cause of formation of high-rise, obtains fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix；

Evaluation system builds module, for using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to build hierarchy system according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix；

Selecting index module, for choosing index to be assessed from hierarchy system；

Data acquisition module, for according to the corresponding fire data of index collection high-rise chosen；

Fuzzy Processing module, for using membership function that the data gathered are carried out Fuzzy Processing, obtains determining of high-rise Amount data；

Evaluation module, for carrying out fire safety evaluation according to the quantitative data of high-rise.

Further, described evaluation system structure module includes:

Ground floor structure constructing unit, for building the ground floor structure of hierarchy system according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix, described The ground floor structure of hierarchy system include active fire precaution index U, fireproofing passiveness index V and fire safety management index W this Three major types index；

Second layer structure constructing unit, for refining each big class of the ground floor structure of hierarchy system, obtains layer The second layer structure of secondary evaluation system, the index after active fire precaution index U refines in the second layer structure of described hierarchy system Including fire-fighting equipment index and fire brigade's index；Index after the refinement of fireproofing passiveness index V includes firebreak index, building knot Structure index, flooring fire load index, horizontal fire compartment index, vertical fire compartment index, Fire lift index, level Travel distance index and extra exit index；Index after the refinement of fire safety management index W includes that interior of building personnel refer to Mark, management level index and knowledge on fire fighting and skills training index；

Third layer structure constructing unit, for refining the second layer structure of hierarchy system further, obtains level and comments Estimate the third layer structure of system, the index after fire-fighting equipment index refines further in the second layer structure of described hierarchy system System index, anti-row is guided including fire detecting system index, automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system index, warning system index, fire alarm broadcast Cigarette system index and fire hydrant systems index；Interior of building personnel's index refine further after index include density of personnel index, Personal security consciousness index and fire prevention training index, the index after management level index refines further includes that administration of the prevention and control is advised Determine index, full-time index on duty and amateurish fire protection organization index.

Further, described Fuzzy Processing module includes:

Pretreatment unit, for the data gathered are carried out pretreatment, described pretreatment includes but not limited to filtering, data mining And normalized；

Fuzzy Processing unit, for pretreated data are carried out Fuzzy Processing, obtains the quantitative data of high-rise.

Further, described Fuzzy Processing unit includes:

Membership function chooses subelement, for choosing corresponding trapezoidal membership function according to pretreated data x, described trapezoidal Membership function is divided into L ambiguity function L (x), M ambiguity function M (x) and H ambiguity function H (x), described L ambiguity function L (x) Expression formula be:

$L\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}1,x\&le;0.2\\ \frac{0.4-x}{0.4-0.2},0.2<x\&le;0.4\\ 0,x>0.4\end{array}\right.,$

The expression formula of described M ambiguity function M (x) is:

$M\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,x\&le;0.2\\ \frac{x-0.2}{0.4-0.2},0.2<x\&le;0.4\\ 1,0.4<x\&le;0.6\\ \frac{0.8-x}{0.8-0.6},0.6<x\&le;0.8\\ 0,x>0.8\end{array}\right.,$

The expression formula of described H ambiguity function H (x) is:

$H\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,x\&le;0.6\\ \frac{x-0.6}{0.8-0.6},0.6<x\&le;0.8\\ 1,x>0.8\end{array}\right.;$

Fuzzy Processing subelement, for carrying out Fuzzy Processing according to the trapezoidal membership function chosen, obtains the quantitative of high-rise Data.

The beneficial effects of the method for the present invention is: be first analyzed the fire origin cause of formation of high-rise, further according to fire origin cause of formation fish Bone figure uses analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to build hierarchy system, then chooses index to be assessed from hierarchy system and gathers phase The fire data answered, then carry out fire safety evaluation after Fuzzy Processing quantifies, use step analysis based on fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix Method constructs a system, science and objective fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system, and combines membership function and obscure Process and quantify so that the security against fire condition evaluation of building is no longer affected by assessment experience, level and artificial subjective factor, More adding system, science, objective and accurate.

The system of the present invention provides the benefit that: first in fire genetic analysis module, the fire origin cause of formation to high-rise is carried out point Analysis, then use analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to build hierarchy system, then according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix in evaluation system builds module In selecting index module, from hierarchy system, choose index to be assessed and in data acquisition module, gather corresponding fire Data, then in evaluation module, carry out fire safety evaluation, based on fire origin cause of formation fish after Fuzzy Processing module Fuzzy Processing quantifies Bone figure uses analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to construct a system, science and objective fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system, and combines person in servitude Genus degree function carries out Fuzzy Processing quantization so that the security against fire condition evaluation of building is no longer by assessment experience, level and artificial The impact of subjective factors, more adding system, science, objective and accurate.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the overall flow figure of a kind of appraisal procedure based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix schematic diagram of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is the structure chart of building fire Danger Indexes system；

Fig. 4 is the structure chart of active fire precaution factors assessment index system；

Fig. 5 is the structure chart of fireproofing passiveness factors assessment index system；

Fig. 6 is the structure chart of fire safety management factors assessment index system；

Fig. 7 is the quantification flow chart of evaluation index；

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of trapezoidal membership function.

Detailed description of the invention

With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of appraisal procedure based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system, comprise the following steps:

The fire origin cause of formation of high-rise is analyzed, obtains fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix；

Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to build hierarchy system according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix；

Index to be assessed is chosen from hierarchy system；

According to the corresponding fire data of index collection high-rise chosen；

Use membership function that the data gathered are carried out Fuzzy Processing, obtain the quantitative data of high-rise；

Quantitative data according to high-rise carries out fire safety evaluation.

Being further used as preferred embodiment, the described fire origin cause of formation to high-rise is analyzed, and obtains fire origin cause of formation fish The step for of bone figure, itself particularly as follows:

Feature according to high-rise fire incident and historical statistical data are in conjunction with corresponding expert opinion and construction standards, right The reason being likely to result in fire is analyzed, and obtains corresponding fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix.

It is further used as preferred embodiment, described according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix employing analytic hierarchy process (AHP) structure hierarchy body The step for of being, comprising:

The ground floor structure of hierarchy system, the ground floor structure of described hierarchy system is built according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix Including this three major types index of active fire precaution index U, fireproofing passiveness index V and fire safety management index W；

The each big class of the ground floor structure of hierarchy system is refined, obtains the second layer structure of hierarchy system, In the second layer structure of described hierarchy system, the index after the refinement of active fire precaution index U includes fire-fighting equipment index and fire brigade Index；Fireproofing passiveness index V refinement after index include firebreak index, building structure index, flooring fire load index, Horizontal fire compartment index, vertical fire compartment index, Fire lift index, horizontal evacuation range index and extra exit index； Index after the refinement of fire safety management index W includes interior of building personnel's index, management level index and knowledge on fire fighting and skill Index can be trained；

The second layer structure of hierarchy system is refined further, obtains the third layer structure of hierarchy system, described Index after fire-fighting equipment index refines further in the second layer structure of hierarchy system include fire detecting system index, from Dynamic spray system index, warning system index, fire alarm broadcast guide system index, smoke control system index and fire hydrant systems to refer to Mark；Index after interior of building personnel's index refines further includes density of personnel index, personal security consciousness index and fire prevention Training index, management level index refine further after index include administration of the prevention and control prescription, full-time index on duty and Amateurish fire protection organization index.

Being further used as preferred embodiment, described employing membership function carries out Fuzzy Processing to the data gathered, and obtains height Layer building quantitative data the step for, comprising:

The data gathered are carried out pretreatment, and described pretreatment includes but not limited to filtering, data mining and normalized；

Pretreated data are carried out Fuzzy Processing, obtains the quantitative data of high-rise.

It is further used as preferred embodiment, described pretreated data is carried out Fuzzy Processing, obtain high-rise The step for of quantitative data, comprising:

Choosing corresponding trapezoidal membership function according to pretreated data x, described trapezoidal membership function is divided into L ambiguity function L (x), M ambiguity function M (x) and H ambiguity function H (x), the expression formula of described L ambiguity function L (x) is:

$L\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}1,x\&le;0.2\\ \frac{0.4-x}{0.4-0.2},0.2<x\&le;0.4\\ 0,x>0.4\end{array}\right.,$

The expression formula of described M ambiguity function M (x) is:

$M\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,x\&le;0.2\\ \frac{x-0.2}{0.4-0.2},0.2<x\&le;0.4\\ 1,0.4<x\&le;0.6\\ \frac{0.8-x}{0.8-0.6},0.6<x\&le;0.8\\ 0,x>0.8\end{array}\right.,$

The expression formula of described H ambiguity function H (x) is:

$H\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,x\&le;0.6\\ \frac{x-0.6}{0.8-0.6},0.6<x\&le;0.8\\ 1,x>0.8\end{array}\right.;$

Carry out Fuzzy Processing according to the trapezoidal membership function chosen, obtain the quantitative data of high-rise.

Being further used as preferred embodiment, the described quantitative data according to high-rise carries out this step of fire safety evaluation Suddenly, itself particularly as follows:

The quantitative criteria of the quantitative data of high-rise with setting is compared, finally evaluates the fire peace of high-rise Congruence level.

Reference Fig. 1, a kind of assessment system based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system, including:

Fire genetic analysis module, for being analyzed the fire origin cause of formation of high-rise, obtains fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix；

Evaluation system builds module, for using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to build hierarchy system according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix；

Selecting index module, for choosing index to be assessed from hierarchy system；

Data acquisition module, for according to the corresponding fire data of index collection high-rise chosen；

Fuzzy Processing module, for using membership function that the data gathered are carried out Fuzzy Processing, obtains determining of high-rise Amount data；

Evaluation module, for carrying out fire safety evaluation according to the quantitative data of high-rise.

Being further used as preferred embodiment, described evaluation system builds module and includes:

Ground floor structure constructing unit, for building the ground floor structure of hierarchy system according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix, described The ground floor structure of hierarchy system include active fire precaution index U, fireproofing passiveness index V and fire safety management index W this Three major types index；

Second layer structure constructing unit, for refining each big class of the ground floor structure of hierarchy system, obtains layer The second layer structure of secondary evaluation system, the index after active fire precaution index U refines in the second layer structure of described hierarchy system Including fire-fighting equipment index and fire brigade's index；Index after the refinement of fireproofing passiveness index V includes firebreak index, building knot Structure index, flooring fire load index, horizontal fire compartment index, vertical fire compartment index, Fire lift index, level Travel distance index and extra exit index；Index after the refinement of fire safety management index W includes that interior of building personnel refer to Mark, management level index and knowledge on fire fighting and skills training index；

Third layer structure constructing unit, for refining the second layer structure of hierarchy system further, obtains level and comments Estimate the third layer structure of system, the index after fire-fighting equipment index refines further in the second layer structure of described hierarchy system System index, anti-row is guided including fire detecting system index, automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system index, warning system index, fire alarm broadcast Cigarette system index and fire hydrant systems index；Interior of building personnel's index refine further after index include density of personnel index, Personal security consciousness index and fire prevention training index, the index after management level index refines further includes that administration of the prevention and control is advised Determine index, full-time index on duty and amateurish fire protection organization index.

Being further used as preferred embodiment, described Fuzzy Processing module includes:

Pretreatment unit, for the data gathered are carried out pretreatment, described pretreatment includes but not limited to filtering, data mining And normalized；

Fuzzy Processing unit, for pretreated data are carried out Fuzzy Processing, obtains the quantitative data of high-rise.

Being further used as preferred embodiment, described Fuzzy Processing unit includes:

Membership function chooses subelement, for choosing corresponding trapezoidal membership function according to pretreated data x, described trapezoidal Membership function is divided into L ambiguity function L (x), M ambiguity function M (x) and H ambiguity function H (x), described L ambiguity function L (x) Expression formula be:

$L\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}1,x\&le;0.2\\ \frac{0.4-x}{0.4-0.2},0.2<x\&le;0.4\\ 0,x>0.4\end{array}\right.,$

The expression formula of described M ambiguity function M (x) is:

$M\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,x\&le;0.2\\ \frac{x-0.2}{0.4-0.2},0.2<x\&le;0.4\\ 1,0.4<x\&le;0.6\\ \frac{0.8-x}{0.8-0.6},0.6<x\&le;0.8\\ 0,x>0.8\end{array}\right.,$

The expression formula of described H ambiguity function H (x) is:

$H\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,x\&le;0.6\\ \frac{x-0.6}{0.8-0.6},0.6<x\&le;0.8\\ 1,x>0.8\end{array}\right.;$

Fuzzy Processing subelement, for carrying out Fuzzy Processing according to the trapezoidal membership function chosen, obtains the quantitative of high-rise Data.

Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment the present invention it is further explained and illustrates.

Embodiment one

System, science and objective technological means is lacked, easily by assessment experience, level and artificial subjective factor for prior art The problem of impact, the present invention proposes a kind of brand-new fire safety in high-rise buildings appraisal procedure.The skyscraper fire of the present invention Calamity safety evaluation method mainly includes fire genetic analysis, evaluation index system foundation, evaluation index quantification and security evaluation The content of these several respects.The most one by one the content of these several respects is described in detail.

(1) fire genetic analysis: according to the feature of Tall Office Building fire incident, with reference to expert opinion and construction standards, point Analysis is likely to result in the reason of fire, draws fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix as shown in Figure 2.

(2) evaluation index is set up: the Cause and Effect matrix drawn according to (), domestic and international Code for fire protection design of buildings, building fire Statistics etc., in conjunction with fire information data, according to analytic hierarchy process (AHP) thought, using building fire safety as assessment target, Using active fire precaution U, fireproofing passiveness V, the big class index of fire safety management W tri-as assessment level, set up such as Fig. 3,4, Hierarchy system shown in 5 and 6, wherein, Fig. 3 is the ground floor structure of hierarchy system, ties the ground floor of Fig. 3 Structure refines further and i.e. can get Fig. 4, the second layer shown in 5 and 6 and third layer structure.

The present invention, according to analytic hierarchy process (AHP), successively decomposes problem, reduces the difficulty of decision-making, improves the credibility of decision-making, Fire assessment is made to have more science.In order to make index system standardization, scientific, build index system time, should follow with Lower principle:

1) system principle.There is certain logical relation between each index, want between index to reflect subsystems Feature, also want can reflect the internal relation between these systems, i.e. to form an organic whole between them.

2) scientific principle.Each index choose the foundation with index system have to science as principle, index want objective instead Reflecting state and the feature of system, index system is wanted to reflect the true relation between each index.And index typical representative to be had, Can not be overlapping；Index again can not be very little, it is to avoid the omission of information occurs.

3) operable, quantization principle.Index is simple and clear, be easy to collect, and in computational methods and measure and must unify, There is the strongest operability.

Based on considerations above, the hierarchy system of the present invention is divided into three grades, and wherein, one-level is three indexs as shown in Figure 3 U, V and W, two grades for as Fig. 4,13 indexs U1 shown in 5 and 6, U2, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8, W1, W2 and W3, three grades for as Fig. 4,12 indexs U11 shown in 5 and 6, U12, U13, U14, U15, U16, W11, W12, W13, W21, W22 and W23.

(3) quantification of evaluation index

As it is shown in fig. 7, the quantification of evaluation index comprises the following steps:

1, evaluation index is chosen.

When the fire hazard carrying out Tall Office Building is assessed, need the main affecting parameters of first collection site structural fire protection equipment, And from (two), the main affecting parameters of on-the-spot structural fire protection equipment includes: active fire precaution, fireproofing passiveness, administration of the prevention and control Deng three aspects, totally three grades of 28 indexs.For the more comprehensive and repetition of minimizing data, the present embodiment chooses hierarchy altogether 22 indexs U11 in system, U12, U13, U14, U15, U16, U2, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8, W11, W12, W13, W21, W22, W23 and W3 are estimated.

2, the collection of data.

After having chosen evaluation index, can be according to the corresponding fire data of the index collection chosen.The data that the present invention gathers are equal For the data of extraction under the state of unit operation stable conditions.

3, data prediction.

Data owing to gathering are usual and imperfect, therefore the present invention needs the data gathered are carried out pretreatment, on the one hand can pass through Filtering improves the quality of data, on the other hand data can be allowed to better adapt to data mining algorithm used.Meanwhile, also need adopting The data of collection carry out unitization, think that follow-up data Fuzzy Processing lays the foundation.

4, data Fuzzy Processing.

Data Fuzzy Processing mainly has a following two step:

1) membership function is selected.

The kind of membership function has triangle, trapezoidal, rectangle etc..According to the data characteristic distributions of each parameter of fire of high-rise building, Trapezoidal membership function selected by the present invention is as shown in Figure 8.

Pretreated data can be according to the feature of data the characteristic of trapezoidal membership function (0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 be) Being assigned in L, M and H these three fuzzy set, the expression formula of these three ambiguity function is respectively such as formula (1), (2), (3) Shown in:

$L\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}1,x\&le;0.2\\ \frac{0.4-x}{0.4-0.2},0.2<x\&le;0.4\\ 0,x>0.4\end{array}\right.---\left(1\right)$

$M\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,x\&le;0.2\\ \frac{x-0.2}{0.4-0.2},0.2<x\&le;0.4\\ 1,0.4<x\&le;0.6\\ \frac{0.8-x}{0.8-0.6},0.6<x\&le;0.8\\ 0,x>0.8\end{array}\right.---\left(2\right)$

$M\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,x\&le;0.2\\ \frac{x-0.2}{0.4-0.2},0.2<x\&le;0.4\\ 1,0.4<x\&le;0.6\\ \frac{0.8-x}{0.8-0.6},0.6<x\&le;0.8\\ 0,x>0.8\end{array}\right.---\left(3\right)$

If there is situation about overlapping (i.e. one corresponding two of x is subordinate to angle value) in these three function, then with in the two degree of membership Between be worth as Fuzzy Processing after degree of membership.

2) evaluation index quantification.

After choosing membership function, i.e. may utilize membership function and these 22 indexs are carried out obfuscation, it is thus achieved that high-rise Quantitative data.

(4) security evaluation.

The present invention sets the quantitative criteria of each index according to fire relevant statistics over the years and experience, as shown in table 1-22. After obtaining the quantitative data of high-rise, the quantitative criteria of the data of acquisition with setting can be compared, evaluate high level The fire safety evaluating grade of building.

Table 1 fire detecting system serviceability rate grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Very well	Relatively good	Typically	Poor	Very poor
Index	>95	90～95	85～90	80～85	<85

Table 2 automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system serviceability rate grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Very well	Relatively good	Typically	Poor	Difference
Index	>95	90～95	85～90	80～85	<80

Table 3 warning system serviceability rate grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Very well	Relatively good	Typically	Poor	Difference
Index	>95	90～95	85～90	80～85	<80

Table 4 fire alarm broadcast guides system health rate grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Meet the requirements	Relatively meet	Typically	Relatively do not meet	Undesirable
Index	>95	90～95	85～90	80～85	<80

Table 5 smoke control system serviceability rate grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Quite reasonable	Rationally	The most rationally	Typically	Unreasonable
Index	>95	90～95	85～90	80～85	<80

Table 6 fire hydrant systems serviceability rate grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Very well	Relatively good	Typically	Poor	Difference
Index	>95	90～95	85～90	80～85	<80

Table 7 fire brigade professional skill grade classification (rank)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Rank is the highest	Rank is high	Rank is higher	Rank is general	Rank ratio is relatively low
Grade point	1	2	3	4	5

Table 8 firebreak and specification matching degree grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Comply fully with	Meet the requirements	Relatively meet	Typically	Undesirable
Index	100	95～100	90～95	85～90	<85

Table 9 building structure fire resistance rating resonable degree divides (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Select quite reasonable	Select rationally	The most rationally	Select general	Select unreasonable
Index	100	95～100	90～95	85～90	<85

Table 10 flooring fire load density rating divides (MJ/m2)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Load is less	Load is general	Load ratio is bigger	Load is big	Load is the biggest
Index	<200	200～400	400～600	600～800	>800

The horizontal fire compartment of table 11 and specification matching degree grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Comply fully with	Meet	Relatively meet	Typically	Do not meet
Index	100	95～100	90～95	85～90	<80

The vertical fire compartment of table 12 and specification matching degree grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Comply fully with	Meet	Relatively meet	Typically	Do not meet
Index	100	95～100	90～95	85～90	<80

Table 13 Fire lift and specification matching degree grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Comply fully with	Meet	Relatively meet	Typically	Do not meet
Index	100	95～100	90～95	85～90	<85

Table 14 horizontal evacuation distance and specification matching degree grade classification (%)

Table 15 extra exit quantity and specification matching degree grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Meet the requirements	Relatively meet	Typically	Relatively refuse to obey and close	Do not meet
Index	>95	90～95	85～90	80～85	<80

Table 16 interior of building density of personnel and specification matching degree grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Smaller	Typically	Bigger	Greatly	The biggest
Index	<0.05	0.05～0.1	0.1～0.5	0.5～1	>1

Table 17 interior of building personal security consciousness qualification rate grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	The highest	High	The highest	Typically	Low
Index	>85	75～80	70～75	65～70	<65

Table 18 interior of building personnel prevent fires training qualification rate grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	A lot	Many	The most	Typically	Fewer
Grade point	6	5	4	3	1

Table 19 fire hydrant administrative provisions serviceability rate grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	Very well	Relatively good	Typically	Poor	Difference
Index	>95	90～95	85～90	80～85	<80

Full-time situation qualification rate grade classification (%) on duty of table 20 personnel

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	High	The highest	Typically	Ratio is relatively low	Low
Index	>95	90～95	85～90	80～85	<80

Amateurish fire protection organization number grade classification (individual) of table 21

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	A lot	Many	The most	Typically	Fewer
Index	>6	5	6	1～4	<1

Table 22 knowledge on fire fighting and skills training qualification rate grade classification (%)

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
						Index describes	High	The highest	Typically	Ratio is relatively low	Low
Index	>85	75～85	65～75	55～65	<55

It is above the preferably enforcement of the present invention is illustrated, but the invention is not limited to described embodiment, is familiar with Those skilled in the art also can make all equivalent variations or replacement on the premise of spirit of the present invention, these etc. Same deformation or replacement are all contained in the application claim limited range.

Claims (10)

1. an appraisal procedure based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:

The fire origin cause of formation of high-rise is analyzed, obtains fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix；

Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to build hierarchy system according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix；

Index to be assessed is chosen from hierarchy system；

According to the corresponding fire data of index collection high-rise chosen；

Use membership function that the data gathered are carried out Fuzzy Processing, obtain the quantitative data of high-rise；

Quantitative data according to high-rise carries out fire safety evaluation.

A kind of appraisal procedure based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: The described fire origin cause of formation to high-rise is analyzed, the step for of obtaining fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix, itself particularly as follows:

Feature according to high-rise fire incident and historical statistical data are in conjunction with corresponding expert opinion and construction standards, right The reason being likely to result in fire is analyzed, and obtains corresponding fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix.

A kind of appraisal procedure based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Described according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix use analytic hierarchy process (AHP) build hierarchy system the step for, comprising:

The ground floor structure of hierarchy system, the ground floor structure of described hierarchy system is built according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix Including this three major types index of active fire precaution index U, fireproofing passiveness index V and fire safety management index W；

The each big class of the ground floor structure of hierarchy system is refined, obtains the second layer structure of hierarchy system, In the second layer structure of described hierarchy system, the index after the refinement of active fire precaution index U includes fire-fighting equipment index and fire brigade Index；Fireproofing passiveness index V refinement after index include firebreak index, building structure index, flooring fire load index, Horizontal fire compartment index, vertical fire compartment index, Fire lift index, horizontal evacuation range index and extra exit index； Index after the refinement of fire safety management index W includes interior of building personnel's index, management level index and knowledge on fire fighting and skill Index can be trained；

The second layer structure of hierarchy system is refined further, obtains the third layer structure of hierarchy system, described Index after fire-fighting equipment index refines further in the second layer structure of hierarchy system include fire detecting system index, from Dynamic spray system index, warning system index, fire alarm broadcast guide system index, smoke control system index and fire hydrant systems to refer to Mark；Index after interior of building personnel's index refines further includes density of personnel index, personal security consciousness index and fire prevention Training index, management level index refine further after index include administration of the prevention and control prescription, full-time index on duty and Amateurish fire protection organization index.

A kind of appraisal procedure based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Described employing membership function carries out Fuzzy Processing to the data gathered, the step for of obtaining the quantitative data of high-rise, its Including:

The data gathered are carried out pretreatment, and described pretreatment includes but not limited to filtering, data mining and normalized；

Pretreated data are carried out Fuzzy Processing, obtains the quantitative data of high-rise.

A kind of appraisal procedure based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: Described pretreated data are carried out Fuzzy Processing, the step for of obtaining the quantitative data of high-rise, comprising:

Choosing corresponding trapezoidal membership function according to pretreated data x, described trapezoidal membership function is divided into L ambiguity function L (x), M ambiguity function M (x) and H ambiguity function H (x), the expression formula of described L ambiguity function L (x) is:

$L\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}1,x\&le;0.2\\ \frac{0.4-x}{0.4-0.2},0.2<x\&le;0.4\\ 0,x>0.4\end{array}\right.,$

The expression formula of described M ambiguity function M (x) is:

$M\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,x\&le;0.2\\ \frac{x-0.2}{0.4-0.2},0.2<x\&le;0.4\\ 1,0.4<x\&le;0.6\\ \frac{0.8-x}{0.8-0.6},0.6<x\&le;0.8\\ 0,x>0.8\end{array}\right.,$

The expression formula of described H ambiguity function H (x) is:

$H\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,x\&le;0.6\\ \frac{x-0.6}{0.8-0.6},0.6<x\&le;0.8\\ 1,x>0.8\end{array}\right.;$

Carry out Fuzzy Processing according to the trapezoidal membership function chosen, obtain the quantitative data of high-rise.

6. according to a kind of based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system the appraisal procedure described in any one of claim 1-5, its feature Be: the step for that the described quantitative data according to high-rise carrying out fire safety evaluation, itself particularly as follows:

The quantitative criteria of the quantitative data of high-rise with setting is compared, finally evaluates the fire peace of high-rise Congruence level.

7. an assessment system based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system, it is characterised in that: including:

Fire genetic analysis module, for being analyzed the fire origin cause of formation of high-rise, obtains fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix；

Evaluation system builds module, for using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to build hierarchy system according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix；

Selecting index module, for choosing index to be assessed from hierarchy system；

Data acquisition module, for according to the corresponding fire data of index collection high-rise chosen；

Fuzzy Processing module, for using membership function that the data gathered are carried out Fuzzy Processing, obtains determining of high-rise Amount data；

Evaluation module, for carrying out fire safety evaluation according to the quantitative data of high-rise.

A kind of assessment system based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: Described evaluation system builds module and includes:

Ground floor structure constructing unit, for building the ground floor structure of hierarchy system according to fire origin cause of formation Cause and Effect matrix, described The ground floor structure of hierarchy system include active fire precaution index U, fireproofing passiveness index V and fire safety management index W this Three major types index；

Second layer structure constructing unit, for refining each big class of the ground floor structure of hierarchy system, obtains layer The second layer structure of secondary evaluation system, the index after active fire precaution index U refines in the second layer structure of described hierarchy system Including fire-fighting equipment index and fire brigade's index；Index after the refinement of fireproofing passiveness index V includes firebreak index, building knot Structure index, flooring fire load index, horizontal fire compartment index, vertical fire compartment index, Fire lift index, level Travel distance index and extra exit index；Index after the refinement of fire safety management index W includes that interior of building personnel refer to Mark, management level index and knowledge on fire fighting and skills training index；

Third layer structure constructing unit, for refining the second layer structure of hierarchy system further, obtains level and comments Estimate the third layer structure of system, the index after fire-fighting equipment index refines further in the second layer structure of described hierarchy system System index, anti-row is guided including fire detecting system index, automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system index, warning system index, fire alarm broadcast Cigarette system index and fire hydrant systems index；Interior of building personnel's index refine further after index include density of personnel index, Personal security consciousness index and fire prevention training index, the index after management level index refines further includes that administration of the prevention and control is advised Determine index, full-time index on duty and amateurish fire protection organization index.

A kind of assessment system based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: Described Fuzzy Processing module includes:

Pretreatment unit, for the data gathered are carried out pretreatment, described pretreatment includes but not limited to filtering, data mining And normalized；

Fuzzy Processing unit, for pretreated data are carried out Fuzzy Processing, obtains the quantitative data of high-rise.

A kind of assessment system based on fire safety in high-rise buildings evaluation system the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: Described Fuzzy Processing unit includes:

Membership function chooses subelement, for choosing corresponding trapezoidal membership function according to pretreated data x, described trapezoidal Membership function is divided into L ambiguity function L (x), M ambiguity function M (x) and H ambiguity function H (x), described L ambiguity function L (x) Expression formula be:

$L\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}1,x\&le;0.2\\ \frac{0.4-x}{0.4-0.2},0.2<x\&le;0.4\\ 0,x>0.4\end{array}\right.,$

The expression formula of described M ambiguity function M (x) is:

$M\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,x\&le;0.2\\ \frac{x-0.2}{0.4-0.2},0.2<x\&le;0.4\\ 1,0.4<x\&le;0.6\\ \frac{0.8-x}{0.8-0.6},0.6<x\&le;0.8\\ 0,x>0.8\end{array}\right.,$

The expression formula of described H ambiguity function H (x) is:

$H\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,x\&le;0.6\\ \frac{x-0.6}{0.8-0.6},0.6<x\&le;0.8\\ 1,x>0.8\end{array}\right.;$

Fuzzy Processing subelement, for carrying out Fuzzy Processing according to the trapezoidal membership function chosen, obtains the quantitative of high-rise Data.