CN106018470A - Device and method for testing dynamic heat transfer process of building wall - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for testing the dynamic heat transfer process of a building wall. The device comprises a box system, a computer and an instrument monitoring system. The box system is used for testing the dynamic and steady-state heat transfer process of the wall according to test working conditions input by users; the computer and the instrument monitoring system are used for testing the setting of the working conditions, achieving control over the wall heat transfer process, collecting data such as temperature, heat flow and electric heating power in the heat transfer process in real time, intelligently analyzing the wall heat transfer process and thermal performances according to preset calculation rules, and automatically generating a heat transfer process analysis table. Not only can a function of detecting a wall heat transfer coefficient in the steady-state heat transfer process be achieved, but also the dynamic wall heat transfer process in different cities and building environments of different types can be simulated and tested, the wall thermal performance and the heat transfer process thereof are analyzed intelligently, different wall structures are provided for different indoor environment regulating demand, and the theoretical basis is provided for formulating relevant standards.

Description

A kind of construction wall dynamic heat transfer procedural test device and method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement and test of construction wall thermal property, particularly heat transfer testing system.

Background technology

At present, China is in quickening and advances industrialization, urbanization and the critical period of new countryside construction, building and work Industry, traffic become the three big main force industries that the energy uses, and are also the important sources of greenhouse gas emission.China's building energy in 2009 Consumption reaches 7.17 hundred million tons of standard coals, accounts for the 23.39% of whole society's total energy consumption, according to the development pattern that developed country is conventional, China Building energy consumption accounts for the ratio of total energy consumption and can reach 35%.Owing to architectural exterior-protecting construction is energy-conservation up to about 25%, country successively goes out The multi-section energy saving igniter such as platform public building, residential architecture, refer to regard to the heat transfer coefficient of building enclosure, thermal resistance, thermal inertia respectively The thermal property parameters such as mark are made that strict regulations.Therefore, exterior wall, as the key component of architectural exterior-protecting construction, optimizes wall The importance of building energy conservation be should not be underestimated by thermodynamic performance.

The research for construction wall thermal property both at home and abroad in early days is only confined under steady-state conditions, i.e. natural operating mode or Continuously under air-conditioning, heating operation pattern, and country, the energy-saving design in construction of industry issue and detection acceptance criteria all use heat transfer The thermal property of body of wall is weighed and evaluated to the parameters such as COEFFICIENT K, thermal resistance R and heat inertia index D.In recent years, along with air-conditioning and adopt Heating equipment utilization rate rises rapidly, and building energy consumption increases swift and violent, intermittent air conditioning systems, heating operation pattern exhaling also with building energy conservation Sigh, service function of the rooms and the difference of human behavior pattern and produce therewith.Additionally, body of wall performance under different weather conditions Go out different thermal properties, such as the unidirectional heat transmission of hot-summer and cold-winter area wall heat transfer characteristic with severe cold cold district heat preserving exterior wall Characteristic has significant difference, and the thermal property of hot-summer and cold-winter area body of wall designs good heat insulation of summer day to be met Property and good thermal diffusivity at night, the heat insulating ability that winter to be taken into account is good.Therefore, for body of wall under intermittent air conditioning systems operational mode Thermal property, it is impossible to weigh only by traditional thermal property parameter and evaluate.

The Testing index of domestic existing thermal characteristic of wall detection equipment mainly has Coefficient K, thermal resistance R etc., detection Method mainly has heat-flow meter method, Heat-box method, hot tank heat-flow meter method, a plane heat source method with constant heat rate and thermal infrared imager method, these Detection equipment is all carried out under the conditions of body of wall steady state heat transfer.Such as: prior art discloses a kind of simple in construction, the suitability Wide enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device, can improve temperature homogeneity and the degree of stability at tested position, but detect Condition is confined to steady state heat transfer process, it is impossible to detect the thermal property under body of wall dynamic thermal environment.It is contemplated that pin To Different climate condition and air conditioning operating mode, it is provided that a kind of can realize construction wall dynamically and the survey of steady state heat transfer process simultaneously Electricity testing device and method, intellectual analysis thermal characteristic of wall and thermal process thereof, provide different for different indoor envirobnmental control demands Wall structure, the formulation for concerned countries, industry building energy-saving standard provides theoretical foundation.

Summary of the invention

Present invention aim to address Different climate condition and air conditioning operating mode, it is provided that a kind of construction wall dynamic heat transfer Procedural test device, it is characterised in that: include test specimen frame (1), protective hot box (3), ice chest (5) and control system；

Described test specimen frame (1) is rectangle frame；Described protective hot box (3) and ice chest (5) are all that the hollow that one side is uncovered is rectangular Body, the two is fastened on the both sides of described test specimen frame (1) respectively, forms one and close space；It is to be tested in the middle of described rectangle frame Body of wall test specimen (2)；Two spaces are split in described closing space by described body of wall test specimen (2)；The internal tool of described protective hot box (3) There are metering hot tank (4) and protective housing refrigeration and heating system (10)；Described metering hot tank (4) is that the hollow that one side is uncovered is long Cube, its uncovered surface being fastened on body of wall test specimen (2)；The space of described ice chest (5) inside is refrigeration space, described metering heat The space of case (4) inside is for heating space, and the space between described metering hot tank (4) and protective hot box (3) is insulated space；

Described ice chest (5) freezes and heating system (8) with ice chest flow guiding screen (6) and ice chest；Described ice chest flow guiding screen (6) It is parallel to the surface of body of wall test specimen (2)；The inwall of ice chest (5) is fixed in one end of described ice chest flow guiding screen (6)；Described ice chest system Cold and heating system (8) is to the air cooling in ice chest (5) or heating；

Described metering hot tank (4) is with hot tank flow guiding screen (7) and heating wire (9)；Described hot tank flow guiding screen (7) is parallel to wall The surface of body test specimen (2)；The inwall of metering hot tank (4) is fixed in one end of described hot tank flow guiding screen (7)；Described heating wire (9) The air heating internal to metering hot tank (4)；Described protective housing refrigeration and heating system (10) are to metering hot tank (4) and protective hot Air cooling between case (3) or heating；

Described control system is freezed by controlling ice chest refrigeration and heating system (8), heating wire (9) and protective housing and heats System (10), regulates and controls described refrigeration space, the temperature that heats space and insulated space；

Body of wall test specimen (2) number of layers is m layer, arranges m+3 temperature point layer, and wherein, m-1 measuring point layer lays respectively at Between every layer of materials for wall, 2 measuring point layers lay respectively at the both side surface of body of wall test specimen (2)；2 measuring point layers lay respectively at metering Hot tank (4) and ice chest (5) are internal, and the two measuring point layer (presses close to surface of wall in i.e. two casings near body of wall test specimen (2) surface Thin layer of air).

Further, described ice chest refrigeration and heating system (8) carry out temperature by circulation cold air or hot blast to refrigeration space Regulation and control；

It is outside, by circulation cold air or hot blast pair that described protective housing refrigeration and heating system (10) are positioned at protective hot box (3) Insulated space carries out temperature adjusting.

Further, described insulated space is internal arranges several circulating fans (11).

Based on said apparatus, construction wall stable state disclosed by the invention and dynamic heat transfer procedural test method:

One, construction wall steady state heat transfer procedural test method comprises the following steps:

1) prepare before test: make body of wall test specimen (2), be fixed in test specimen frame (1), assembled good protective hot box (3), Metering hot tank (4) and ice chest (5)；

2) " stable state " heat transfer testing is carried out: user sets ice chest (5) temperature constant value T_c, metering hot tank (4) and protective hot Case (3) temperature constant value T_h；

3) data monitoring transmission:

If carrying out " stable state " heat transfer testing, after diabatic process reaches steady statue, gather the electrical heating merit of metering hot tank (4) Rate Q_P；

4) " stable state " heat transfer testing data analysis:

(T is i.e. included after steady state heat transfer process reaches steady statue_hAnd T_cNo longer change at interior each measuring point layer), test specimen Steady temperature field is formed in the cool and hot box of both sides；Electric heater capacity Q according to input metering hot tank_P(the i.e. merit of heating wire (9) Rate) it is the heat Q transmitted by test specimen₁(metering hot tank outer wall heat loss Q₃With test specimen disequilibrium heat flow Q₂Ignore)；

The wall heat transfer coefficient K computing formula of steady state heat transfer process is as follows:

$K=\frac{Q_P}{F(T_h-T_c)}$

In formula, Q_PFor measuring the electrical heating power of hot tank, F is metering area (user is manually entered), T_hFor metering hot tank temperature Degree steady state value, T_CIce chest temperature constant value.

Two, construction wall dynamic heat transfer procedural test method comprises the following steps:

1) prepare before test: make body of wall test specimen (2), be fixed in test specimen frame (1), assembled good protective hot box (3), Metering hot tank (4) and ice chest (5)；

2) " dynamically " heat transfer testing or diabatic process test:

User sets ice chest (5) temperature dynamic setting data collection(setting a temperature value every a Δ τ, each two sets Gradually heating up between value or lower the temperature, the set of these temperature values is constituted), metering hot tank (4) and protective hot box (3) temperature dynamic State setting data collection(set a temperature value every a Δ τ, gradually heat up between each two setting value or lower the temperature, these temperature The set of value is constituted), setting working conditions change time interval as Δ τ, the testing time is τ, and test process is divided into n=in equal size τ/Δ τ time period.Data setWithExpression formula as follows:

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_C}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{C1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{C2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Ci}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Cn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_H}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{H1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{H2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Hi}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Hn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

In formula,Ice chest air themperature meansigma methods for i Δ τ time point；For i Δ τ time point metering hot tank and Protective hot box air themperature meansigma methods；

During heat transfer testing, several temperature or Heat flow site layer, each temperature or Heat flow site layer are set and are 9 surveys Point, each measuring point arranges a temperature sensor or heat flow transducer；Assume that body of wall test specimen (2) number of layers is m layer, m+ is set 3 temperature point layers, wherein m-1 measuring point layer lays respectively between every layer of materials for wall, and 2 measuring point layers lay respectively at body of wall examination The both side surface of part (2), 2 measuring point layers lay respectively at metering hot tank (4) and ice chest (5) near body of wall test specimen (2) surface (i.e. two The thin layer of air of surface of wall is pressed close in individual casing), described temperature sensor is for the real time measure of each temperature point layer；A_CGeneration Table ice chest air themperature, A₁Represent body of wall cold side surface temperature, { A_j(j=2 ..., m, m >=2) represent body of wall each material layer Temperature, A_m+1Represent body of wall hot side surface temperature, A_HRepresent metering hot tank air themperature；

Both side surface at body of wall test specimen (2) arranges Heat flow site layer, and described heat flow transducer is used for each Heat flow site layer Real time measure；High-precision electric energy meter is used for measuring hot tank (4) electrical heating power Q_PReal time measure；B_C、B_HRepresent body of wall respectively Cold side surface hot-fluid, body of wall hot side surface hot-fluid；

3) data monitoring transmission:

The acquisition time of temperature or Heat flow site is spaced apart Δ τ, and the most each measuring point gathers n=τ/Δ τ in testing time τ Individual data, temperature point distribution layer A_C、A₁、A_j、A_m+1、A_HThe data monitored use temperature matrices T respectively_C、T₁、T_j、T_m+1、T_HCome Represent；Heat flow site distribution layer B_C、B_HThe data monitored are respectively with hot-fluid matrix Q_C、Q_HRepresenting, each matrix expression is such as Under:

In various, T_C、T₁、T_j、T_m+1、T_H、Q_C、Q_HIt it is all the matrix of 9 row n row；t_C,ki、t_1,ki、t_j,ki、t_m+1,ki、t_H,ki、 q_C,ki(surface of wall is just to the transmission of ice chest air), q_H,ki(metering hot tank air is just to surface of wall transmission) represents respectively The temperature of row k i row or heat flow value, the i.e. temperature of kth measuring point i Δ τ time point or heat flow value；

4) data analysis:

1. dynamic heat transfer temperature and heat flux distribution:

Temperature point distribution layer A_CThe temperature matrices T monitored_C, 9 measuring point temperature values on its every string are asked count flat All obtainThe ice chest air themperature meansigma methods of i.e. i Δ τ time point, expression formula is as follows:

$\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Ci}}=\frac{t_{C,1i}+t_{C,2i}+...+t_{C,9i}}{9},(i=1,2,...,n)$

Ice chest air themperature distributed data collectionExpression formula is as follows:

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_C}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{C1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{C2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Ci}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Cn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

Similarly, body of wall cold side surface temperature, body of wall each material layer temperature, body of wall hot side surface temperature, metering heat Case air themperature, body of wall cold side surface hot-fluid, the distributed data collection of body of wall hot side surface hot-fluid are respectivelyExpression formula is as follows:

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_1}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{11}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{12}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{1i}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{1n}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_j}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{j1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{j2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{ji}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{jn}}),(i=1,2,...,n;j$

$\begin{array}{c}\stackrel{\‾}{T_{m+1}}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{(m+1)1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{(m+1)2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{(m+1)i}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{(m+1)n}}\},(i\\ =1,2,\mathrm{...},n)\end{array}$

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_H}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{H1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{H2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Hi}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Hn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

$\stackrel{\‾}{Q_C}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{q_{C1}},\stackrel{\‾}{q_{C2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Ci}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Cn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

$\stackrel{\‾}{Q_H}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{q_{H1}},\stackrel{\‾}{q_{H2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Hi}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Hn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

In various,The ice chest being respectively i Δ τ time point is empty Temperature meansigma methods, body of wall cold side surface temperature averages, body of wall each material layer temperature averages, body of wall hot side surface temperature Degree meansigma methods, metering hot tank air themperature meansigma methods, body of wall cold side surface hot-fluid meansigma methods, body of wall hot side surface hot-fluid are average Value.

2. wall heat transfer component analysis.

During body of wall dynamic heat transfer, it is W by the heat of body of wall cold side surface transmission_C(surface of wall is to ice chest air Transmission is for just), it is W by the heat of body of wall hot side surface transmission_H(metering hot tank air is just to surface of wall transmission), expresses Formula is as follows:

$W_C=F\underset{i=1}{\overset{R}{\Σ}}\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Ci}}\mathrm{\Δ}\mathrm{\τ}$

$W_H=F\underset{i=1}{\overset{R}{\Σ}}\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Hi}}\mathrm{\Δ}\mathrm{\τ}$

In formula, F is metering area (area at body of wall center)；Δ τ is hot-fluid acquisition time interval；For i Δ The body of wall cold side surface hot-fluid meansigma methods of τ time point；Body of wall hot side surface hot-fluid meansigma methods for i Δ τ time point.

3. body of wall amount of stored heat is analyzed.

In whole test process, body of wall test specimen amount of stored heat W_XIt is through the difference of body of wall both side surface heat output, expresses Formula is as follows:

W_X=W_H-W_C

4. temperature ware damping number and time delay.

Temperature wave, can be by the materials for wall damping action to temperature wave in the communication process of body of wall, therefore along with biography The carrying out of thermal process, there is decay and delay phenomenon in the crest of temperature wave.

Attenuation multiple v computing formula:

$v=\frac{{\left(\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Hi}}\right)}_{MAX}}{{\left(\stackrel{\‾}{t_{1i}}\right)}_{MAX}}$

In formula,For measuring the maximum moment value of hot tank air themperature meansigma methods,For body of wall The maximum moment value of cold side surface temperature averages.

Time delay, ξ was maximum moment and the body of wall cold side surface temperature averages of metering hot tank air themperature meansigma methods The difference in maximum moment.

The solution have the advantages that mathematical:

1, simple in construction, easy to operate.The simple in construction of the present invention, monitoring system is clear and effective, and the suitability is strong.User Can according to demand from primary input dynamically or steady state test operating mode, temperature control intelligence instrument monitoring system will according to measurement condition information, Test specimen both sides cool and hot box air themperature is carried out intelligent control, and the test data monitored are transferred to computer client enter Row intellectual analysis calculates, and eliminates manual analysis and calculates the huge workload brought.

2, monitoring in real time and display.In test process, the temperature control intelligence instrument monitoring system of the present invention can realize temperature The isoparametric real time measure of degree, hot-fluid, electrical heating power is monitored, and shows the data monitored at the display screen carried in real time On, facilitate user to understand and be visually known test status, find in time and the problem of solution.

3, dynamic heat transfer test is realized.The present invention can realize building for Different climate condition and air conditioning operating mode simultaneously Walling body dynamically and the test of steady state heat transfer process, and intellectual analysis thermal characteristic of wall and thermal process thereof.

The composite can be widely applied to the dynamic of construction wall and steady state heat transfer procedural test, intellectual analysis body of wall thermal process And thermal characteristics, providing different wall structures for different indoor envirobnmental control demands, the formulation for relevant criterion provides theory to depend on According to.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention " a kind of construction wall dynamic heat transfer procedural test device and method ".

Fig. 2 is temperature or the Heat flow site cloth of the present invention " a kind of construction wall dynamic heat transfer procedural test device and method " Put figure (Z-Z section).

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, but only should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention It is limited to following embodiment.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge with used By means, make various replacement and change, all should include within the scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1:

The present embodiment discloses the method for testing of a kind of construction wall steady state heat transfer process, and concrete test process is as follows:

(1) prepare before test.Field fabrication body of wall test specimen (2), utilize gripping mechanism (12) be fixed in cool and hot box it Between to carry out wall heat transfer test.User is input ice chest (5) temperature constant value T in computer client (15)_c, metering hot tank And protective hot box (3) temperature constant value T (4)_h(and T_h-T_c>=20 DEG C), as steady state heat transfer measurement condition.

(2) diabatic process test.After user's input test operating mode, floor data is imported to by data line (16) Temperature control intelligence instrument monitoring system (13), is controlled the environmental aspect in the cool and hot box of body of wall test specimen (2) both sides by it.Steady state heat transfer In test process, high-precision electric energy meter is used for measuring hot tank (4) electrical heating power Q_PReal time measure.

(3) data monitoring transmission.After diabatic process reaches steady statue, temperature control intelligence instrument monitoring system (13) will prison The electrical heating power Q of the metering hot tank (4) measured_PIt is transferred to computer client (15) by data line (16).

(4) data analysis.Wall heat transfer coefficient is calculated by computer client (15) according to the calculation criterion preset, And automatically generate steady state heat transfer process analysis form.The wall heat transfer coefficient K computing formula of steady state heat transfer process is as follows:

$K=\frac{Q_P}{F(T_h-T_c)}$

In formula, Q_PFor measuring the electrical heating power of hot tank, F is metering area (user is manually entered), T_hFor metering hot tank temperature Degree steady state value, T_cIce chest temperature constant value.

Embodiment 2:

The present embodiment discloses the method for testing of a kind of construction wall dynamic heat transfer process, and concrete test process is as follows:

(1) prepare before test.Field fabrication body of wall test specimen (2), utilize gripping mechanism (12) be fixed in cool and hot box it Between to carry out wall heat transfer test.User is input ice chest (5) temperature dynamic setting data collection in computer client (15)Metering hot tank (4) and protective hot box (3) temperature dynamic setting data collectionSet working conditions change time interval as Δ τ, survey The examination time is τ, and therefore test process is divided into n=τ/Δ τ time period in equal size.Data setWithExpression formula as follows:

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_C}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{C1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{C2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Ci}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Cn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_H}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{H1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{H2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Hi}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Hn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

In formula,Ice chest air themperature meansigma methods for i Δ τ time point；For i Δ τ time point metering hot tank and Protective hot box air themperature meansigma methods.

(2) diabatic process test.After user's input test operating mode, floor data is imported to by data line (16) Temperature control intelligence instrument monitoring system (13), is controlled the environmental aspect in the cool and hot box of body of wall test specimen (2) both sides by it.Dynamic heat transfer In test process, temperature sensor is for the real time measure of each temperature point；Heat flow transducer is real-time for each Heat flow site Metering.Assume that the materials for wall number of plies is m layer, as it is shown in figure 1, temperature point distribution layer numbering A_C、A₁、A_j、A_m+1、A_H(j= 2 ..., m, m >=2) represent ice chest air themperature, body of wall cold side surface temperature, body of wall each material layer temperature, body of wall heat respectively Side surface temperature, metering hot tank air themperature；Heat flow site distribution layer numbering B_C、B_HRepresent body of wall cold side surface hot-fluid, wall respectively Body heat side surface hot-fluid.Each temperature or heat flux distribution layer are 9 measuring points, point layout figure (Z-Z section) the most as shown in Figure 2.

(3) data monitoring transmission.The acquisition time of temperature or Heat flow site is spaced apart Δ τ, and the most each measuring point is in test N=τ/Δ τ data are gathered in time τ.Temperature control intelligence instrument monitoring system (13) is by real-time for temperature, the heat flow data monitored Display is on display screen (14), and is transferred to computer client (15) by data line (16).Temperature point distribution layer A_C、A₁、A_j、A_m+1、A_HThe data monitored use temperature matrices T respectively_C、T₁、T_j、T_m+1、T_HRepresent；Heat flow site distribution layer B_C、 B_HThe data monitored are respectively with hot-fluid matrix Q_C、Q_HRepresenting, each matrix expression is as follows:

In various, T_C、T₁、T_j、T_m+1、T_H、Q_C、Q_HIt it is all the matrix of 9 row n row；t_C,ki、t_1,ki、t_j,ki、t_m+1,ki、t_H,ki、 q_C,ki(surface of wall is just to the transmission of ice chest air), q_H,ki(metering hot tank air is just to surface of wall transmission) represents respectively The temperature of row k i row or heat flow value, the i.e. temperature of kth measuring point i Δ τ time point or heat flow value.

(4) data analysis.Dynamic heat transfer temperature and hot-fluid are divided by computer client (15) according to the calculation criterion preset Cloth, wall heat transfer component analysis, body of wall amount of stored heat analysis, temperature ware damping number and carry out intellectual analysis calculating time delay, and Automatically generate dynamic heat transfer process analysis form.

1. dynamic heat transfer temperature and heat flux distribution:

The data monitored according to temperature and Heat flow site, can obtain temperature and the distribution of hot-fluid during body of wall dynamic heat transfer Situation.Such as: temperature point distribution layer A_CThe temperature matrices T monitored_C, 9 measuring point temperature values on its every string are asked and count Averagely obtainThe ice chest air themperature meansigma methods of i.e. i Δ τ time point, expression formula is as follows:

$\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Ci}}=\frac{t_{C,1i}+t_{C,2i}+...+t_{C,9i}}{9},(i=1,2,...,n)$

Therefore, ice chest air themperature distributed data collectionExpression formula is as follows:

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_C}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{C1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{C2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Ci}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Cn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

In like manner, body of wall cold side surface temperature, body of wall each material layer temperature, body of wall hot side surface temperature, metering hot tank Air themperature, body of wall cold side surface hot-fluid, the distributed data collection of body of wall hot side surface hot-fluid are respectivelyExpression formula is as follows:

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_1}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{11}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{12}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{1i}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{1n}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_j}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{j1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{j2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{ji}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{jn}}),(i=1,2,...,n;j$

$\begin{array}{c}\stackrel{\‾}{T_{m+1}}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{(m+1)1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{(m+1)2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{(m+1)i}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{(m+1)n}}\},(i\\ =1,2,\mathrm{...},n)\end{array}$

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_H}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{H1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{H2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Hi}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Hn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

$\stackrel{\‾}{Q_C}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{q_{C1}},\stackrel{\‾}{q_{C2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Ci}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Cn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

$\stackrel{\‾}{Q_H}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{q_{H1}},\stackrel{\‾}{q_{H2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Hi}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Hn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

In various,The ice chest being respectively i Δ τ time point is empty Temperature meansigma methods, body of wall cold side surface temperature averages, body of wall each material layer temperature averages, body of wall hot side surface temperature Degree meansigma methods, metering hot tank air themperature meansigma methods, body of wall cold side surface hot-fluid meansigma methods, body of wall hot side surface hot-fluid are average Value.

2. wall heat transfer component analysis:

During body of wall dynamic heat transfer, it is W by the heat of body of wall cold side surface transmission_C(surface of wall is to ice chest air Transmission is for just), it is W by the heat of body of wall hot side surface transmission_H(metering hot tank air is just to surface of wall transmission), expresses Formula is as follows:

$W_C=F\underset{i=1}{\overset{R}{\Σ}}\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Ci}}\mathrm{\Δ}\mathrm{\τ}$

$W_H=F\underset{i=1}{\overset{R}{\Σ}}\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Hi}}\mathrm{\Δ}\mathrm{\τ}$

In formula, F is metering area (user is manually entered)；Δ τ is hot-fluid acquisition time interval；For i Δ τ time point Body of wall cold side surface hot-fluid meansigma methods；Body of wall hot side surface hot-fluid meansigma methods for i Δ τ time point.

3. body of wall amount of stored heat is analyzed:

In whole test process, body of wall test specimen amount of stored heat W_XIt is through the difference of body of wall both side surface heat output, expresses Formula is as follows:

W_X=W_H-W_C

4. temperature ware damping number and time delay:

Temperature wave, can be by the materials for wall damping action to temperature wave in the communication process of body of wall, therefore along with biography The carrying out of thermal process, there is decay and delay phenomenon in the crest of temperature wave.

Attenuation multiple v computing formula:

$v=\frac{{\left(\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Hi}}\right)}_{MAX}}{{\left(\stackrel{\‾}{t_{1i}}\right)}_{MAX}}$

In formula,For measuring the maximum moment value of hot tank air themperature meansigma methods,For body of wall The maximum moment value of cold side surface temperature averages.

Time delay, ξ was maximum moment and the body of wall cold side surface temperature averages of metering hot tank air themperature meansigma methods The difference in maximum moment.

Claims (5)

1. a construction wall dynamic heat transfer procedural test device, it is characterised in that: include test specimen frame (1), protective hot box (3), Ice chest (5) and control system；

Described test specimen frame (1) is rectangle frame；Described protective hot box (3) and ice chest (5) they are all the hollow cuboids that one side is uncovered, two Person is fastened on the both sides of described test specimen frame (1) respectively, forms one and closes space；It is body of wall to be tested in the middle of described rectangle frame Test specimen (2)；Two spaces are split in described closing space by described body of wall test specimen (2)；Described protective hot box (3) is internal has one Metering hot tank (4) and protective housing freeze and heating system (10)；Described metering hot tank (4) is the hollow cuboid that one side is uncovered, Its uncovered surface being fastened on body of wall test specimen (2)；The space of described ice chest (5) inside is refrigeration space, described metering hot tank (4) Internal space is for heating space, and the space between described metering hot tank (4) and protective hot box (3) is insulated space；

Described ice chest (5) freezes and heating system (8) with ice chest flow guiding screen (6) and ice chest；Described ice chest flow guiding screen (6) is parallel Surface in body of wall test specimen (2)；The inwall of ice chest (5) is fixed in one end of described ice chest flow guiding screen (6)；Described ice chest refrigeration and Heating system (8) is to the air cooling in ice chest (5) or heating；

Described metering hot tank (4) is with hot tank flow guiding screen (7) and heating wire (9)；Described hot tank flow guiding screen (7) is parallel to body of wall examination The surface of part (2)；The inwall of metering hot tank (4) is fixed in one end of described hot tank flow guiding screen (7)；Described heating wire (9) is to meter The air heating that calorimetric case (4) is internal；Described protective housing refrigeration and heating system (10) are to metering hot tank (4) and protective hot box (3) air cooling between or heating；

Described control system is freezed and heating system by controlling ice chest refrigeration and heating system (8), heating wire (9) and protective housing (10), described refrigeration space, the temperature that heats space and insulated space are regulated and controled；

Body of wall test specimen (2) number of layers is m layer, arranges m+3 temperature point layer, and wherein, m-1 measuring point layer lays respectively at every layer Between materials for wall；2 measuring point layers lay respectively at the both side surface of body of wall test specimen (2)；2 measuring point layers lay respectively at metering hot tank (4) and ice chest (5) is internal, the two measuring point layer is near body of wall (2) surface.

A kind of construction wall dynamic heat transfer procedural test device and method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute State ice chest refrigeration and heating system (8) carries out temperature adjusting by circulation cold air or hot blast to refrigeration space；

It is outside that described protective housing refrigeration and heating system (10) are positioned at protective hot box (3), by circulation cold air or hot blast to heat insulation Space carries out temperature adjusting.

A kind of construction wall dynamic heat transfer procedural test device and method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute State insulated space several circulating fans of internal layout (11).

4. a construction wall steady state heat transfer procedural test method based on device described in 1～3 any one claim, it is special Levy and be, comprise the following steps:

1) prepare before test: make body of wall test specimen (2), be fixed in test specimen frame (1), assembled good protective hot box (3), metering Hot tank (4) and ice chest (5)；

2) " stable state " heat transfer testing is carried out: user sets ice chest (5) temperature constant value T_c, metering hot tank (4) and protective hot box (3) Temperature constant value T_h；

3) data monitoring transmission:

If carrying out " stable state " heat transfer testing, after diabatic process reaches steady statue, gather the electrical heating power Q of metering hot tank (4)_P；

4) " stable state " heat transfer testing data analysis:

(T is i.e. included after steady state heat transfer process reaches steady statue_hAnd T_cNo longer change at interior each measuring point layer), test specimen both sides Steady temperature field is formed in cool and hot box；Electric heater capacity Q according to input metering hot tank_P, it is the heat transmitted by test specimen Amount Q₁；

The wall heat transfer coefficient K computing formula of steady state heat transfer process is as follows:

$K=\frac{Q_P}{F(T_h-T_c)}$

In formula, Q_PFor measuring the electrical heating power of hot tank, F is metering area (user is manually entered), T_hPermanent for metering heater temperature Definite value, T_cIce chest temperature constant value.

5. a construction wall dynamic heat transfer procedural test method based on device described in 1～3 any one claim, it is special Levy and be, comprise the following steps:

1) prepare before test: make body of wall test specimen (2), be fixed in test specimen frame (1), assembled good protective hot box (3), metering Hot tank (4) and ice chest (5)；

2) " dynamically " heat transfer testing or diabatic process test:

User sets ice chest (5) temperature dynamic setting data collection(set a temperature value every a Δ τ, each two setting value it Between gradually heat up or lower the temperature, the set of these temperature values is constituted), metering hot tank (4) and protective hot box (3) temperature dynamic set Given data collection(set a temperature value every a Δ τ, gradually heat up between each two setting value or lower the temperature, these temperature values Set is constituted), setting working conditions change time interval as Δ τ, the testing time is τ, and test process is divided into n=τ/Δ τ in equal size The individual time period.Data setWithExpression formula as follows:

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_C}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{C1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{C2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Ci}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Cn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_H}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{H1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{H2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Hi}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Hn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

In formula,Ice chest air themperature meansigma methods for i Δ τ time point；Metering hot tank and protective hot for i Δ τ time point Case air themperature meansigma methods；

During heat transfer testing, several temperature or Heat flow site layer, each temperature or Heat flow site layer are set and are 9 measuring points, Each measuring point arranges a temperature sensor or heat flow transducer；Assume that body of wall test specimen (2) number of layers is m layer, arrange m+3 Temperature point layer, wherein m-1 measuring point layer lays respectively between every layer of materials for wall, and 2 measuring point layers lay respectively at body of wall test specimen (2) both side surface, 2 measuring point layers lay respectively at metering hot tank (4) and close body of wall test specimen (2) surface of ice chest (5), described temperature Degree sensor is for the real time measure of each temperature point layer；A_CRepresent ice chest air themperature, A₁Represent body of wall cold side surface temperature, {A_j(j=2 ..., m, m >=2) represent body of wall each material layer temperature, A_m+1Represent body of wall hot side surface temperature, A_HRepresent meter Calorimetric case air themperature；

Both side surface at body of wall test specimen (2) arranges Heat flow site layer, and described heat flow transducer is for the reality of each Heat flow site layer Shi Jiliang；High-precision electric energy meter is used for measuring hot tank (4) electrical heating power Q_PReal time measure；B_C、B_HRepresent the cold side of body of wall respectively Surface heat flow, body of wall hot side surface hot-fluid；

3) data monitoring transmission:

The acquisition time of temperature or Heat flow site is spaced apart Δ τ, and the most each measuring point gathers n=τ/Δ τ number in testing time τ According to, temperature point distribution layer A_C、A₁、A_j、A_m+1、A_HThe data monitored use temperature matrices T respectively_C、T₁、T_j、T_m+1、T_HRepresent； Heat flow site distribution layer B_C、B_HThe data monitored are respectively with hot-fluid matrix Q_C、Q_HRepresenting, each matrix expression is as follows:

In various, T_C、T₁、T_j、T_m+1、T_H、Q_C、Q_HIt it is all the matrix of 9 row n row；t_C,ki、t_1,ki、t_j,ki、t_m+1,ki、t_H,ki、q_C,ki (surface of wall is just to the transmission of ice chest air), q_H,ki(metering hot tank air is just to surface of wall transmission) represents kth respectively The temperature of row i row or heat flow value, the i.e. temperature of kth measuring point i Δ τ time point or heat flow value；

4) data analysis:

1. dynamic heat transfer temperature and heat flux distribution:

Temperature point distribution layer A_CThe temperature matrices T monitored_C, ask arithmetic mean to obtain 9 measuring point temperature values on its every string ArriveThe ice chest air themperature meansigma methods of i.e. i Δ τ time point, expression formula is as follows:

$\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Ci}}=\frac{t_{C,1i}+t_{C,2i}+...+t_{C,9i}}{9},(i=1,2,...,n)$

Ice chest air themperature distributed data collectionExpression formula is as follows:

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_C}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{C1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{C2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Ci}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Cn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

Similarly, body of wall cold side surface temperature, body of wall each material layer temperature, body of wall hot side surface temperature, Metering hot tank air themperature, body of wall cold side surface hot-fluid, the distributed data collection of body of wall hot side surface hot-fluid are respectivelyExpression formula is as follows:

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_1}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{11}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{12}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{1i}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{1n}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_j}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{j1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{j2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{ji}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{jn}}),(i=1,2,...,n;j$

$\begin{array}{c}\stackrel{\‾}{T_{m+1}}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{(m+1)1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{(m+1)2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{(m+1)i}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{(m+1)n}}\},(i\\ =1,2,\mathrm{...},n)\end{array}$

$\stackrel{\‾}{T_H}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{t_{H1}},\stackrel{\‾}{t_{H2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Hi}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Hn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

$\stackrel{\‾}{Q_C}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{q_{C1}},\stackrel{\‾}{q_{C2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Ci}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Cn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

$\stackrel{\‾}{Q_H}=\{\stackrel{\‾}{q_{H1}},\stackrel{\‾}{q_{H2}},...\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Hi}}...,\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Hn}}\},(i=1,2,...,n)$

In various,It is respectively the ice chest Air Temperature of i Δ τ time point Degree meansigma methods, body of wall cold side surface temperature averages, body of wall each material layer temperature averages, body of wall hot side surface temperature are put down Average, metering hot tank air themperature meansigma methods, body of wall cold side surface hot-fluid meansigma methods, body of wall hot side surface hot-fluid meansigma methods.

2. wall heat transfer component analysis.

During body of wall dynamic heat transfer, it is W by the heat of body of wall cold side surface transmission_C(surface of wall to the transmission of ice chest air is Just), the heat by the transmission of body of wall hot side surface is W_H(metering hot tank air is just to surface of wall transmission), expression formula is such as Under:

$W_C=F\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Ci}}\mathrm{\Δ}\mathrm{\τ}$

$W_H=F\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}\stackrel{\‾}{q_{Hi}}\mathrm{\Δ}\mathrm{\τ}$

In formula, F is metering area；Δ τ is hot-fluid acquisition time interval；Body of wall cold side surface hot-fluid for i Δ τ time point Meansigma methods；Body of wall hot side surface hot-fluid meansigma methods for i Δ τ time point.

3. body of wall amount of stored heat is analyzed.

In whole test process, body of wall test specimen amount of stored heat W_XBeing through the difference of body of wall both side surface heat output, expression formula is such as Under:

W_X=W_H-W_C

4. temperature ware damping number and time delay.

Temperature wave, can be by the materials for wall damping action to temperature wave in the communication process of body of wall, therefore along with conducting heat The carrying out of journey, there is decay and delay phenomenon in the crest of temperature wave.

Attenuation multiple v computing formula:

$v=\frac{{\left(\stackrel{\‾}{t_{Hi}}\right)}_{MAX}}{{\left(\stackrel{\‾}{t_{1i}}\right)}_{MAX}}$

In formula,For measuring the maximum moment value of hot tank air themperature meansigma methods,For the cold side of body of wall The maximum moment value of surface temperature meansigma methods.

Time delay, ξ was maximum moment and the maximum of body of wall cold side surface temperature averages of metering hot tank air themperature meansigma methods The difference in moment.