CN106017906A - Cooling tower modal testing method - Google Patents
Cooling tower modal testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106017906A CN106017906A CN201610595542.7A CN201610595542A CN106017906A CN 106017906 A CN106017906 A CN 106017906A CN 201610595542 A CN201610595542 A CN 201610595542A CN 106017906 A CN106017906 A CN 106017906A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cooling tower modal testing method, which comprises the steps of building a model, carrying out dynamic characteristic analysis, deploying sensors, performing excitation and acquisition; preprocessing, and carrying out recognition and output. Modal testing for a cooling tower is completed through the steps of test point arrangement, sensor deployment, vibration acceleration signal acquisition and modal parameter recognition, so that the expensive implementation cost of traditional field measurement and strict requirements for the external environment and self construction conditions are overcome, the working efficiency of field measurement and the reliability of acquired vibration acceleration signals are effectively improved, and the accuracy of structure parameters of the cooling tower is effectively ensured through various modal recognition method; and meanwhile, cooling tower field measurement data at home and aboard can be filled up to a great degree based on the testing method, important data is provided for performance research of the cooling tower, and a reasonable basis is provided for structural design and specification modification of the cooling tower.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fire/nuclear power technical field of power generation, particularly relate to a kind of cooling tower mode testing method.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the development of power construction technical merit, power engineering many employings high efficiency, Large Copacity
Generating set, matched large cooling column technology is widely used by engineering, designs the most in recent years
The construction demand of the ultra-large type cooling tower that the tower height in planning breaks through Criterion restriction grows with each passing day, and breaks through the world and records
The large-scale hyperbolic thin-shell cooling tower of record has put on construction schedule.
Cooling tower, as the important structures of circulating water in fire/nuclear power plant, is the steel that the scale of construction is maximum in the world
Reinforced concrete towering space shell structure, its safety under wind and geological process is always by engineering circles
Pay much attention to, therefore, the safety issue of cooling tower structure be large cooling column realize great-leap-forward development and urgently
Bottleneck problem to be solved.
At present, useful structure feature information can be extracted from structural response by modal identification method, for cold
But the antidetonation impact evaluation of tower integrally-built wind resistance and safety evaluatio provide the parameter such as damping ratio accurately and effectively
Value, thus ensure the safety of structure and operation.Wherein, structure is obtained during field measurement is engineering research
The most direct most efficient method of dynamic response, but the implementation cost of field measurement is expensive, and test period is long,
Survey environment and self construction conditions requirement to external world harsh, large cooling column under superelevation Reynolds number simultaneously
Structure dynamic response measurement research is the most blank.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention proposes a kind of cooling tower mode testing method.In order to the embodiment disclosed
Some aspects have a basic understanding, shown below is simple summary.This summarized section is not to comment general
State, be not key/critical component to be determined or the protection domain describing these embodiments.It is unique
Purpose is to present some concepts, in this, as the preamble of following detailed description by simple form.
In some optional embodiments, the present invention provides a kind of cooling tower mode testing method, including:
Set up model: set up the FEM (finite element) model of cooling tower structure；
Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics: use piecemeal Lan Suosifa to calculate each order frequency and the mode obtaining cooling tower structure
The vibration shape；
Lay sensor: choose the low order mode in described Mode Shape, according to the low order mode distribution chosen
Middle hoop and meridian, to harmonic wave number, determine point position, and cloth at corresponding point position on cooling tower
If acceleration transducer；
Exciting also gathers: arrange described acceleration transducer sample frequency, uses environmental excitation mode to cooling
Tower carries out exciting, and described acceleration transducer gathers the vibration acceleration signal of cooling tower；
Pretreatment: extracted free damping oscillating curve by described vibration acceleration signal, pass through FIR filter
It is filtered described vibration acceleration signal processing, then passes through Modal Parameter by Random Decrement or natural excitation technique to institute
State vibration acceleration signal to carry out data prediction and gain freedom decay oscillating curve；
Identify and export: obtaining some modal parameters, some modal parameters are averaged, defeated
Go out meansigma methods modal parameters.
In some optional embodiments, set up the finite element mould of cooling tower structure by finite element analysis software
Type, described finite element analysis software uses ANSYS software；
The tower of cooling tower and the stiffening ring of tower top use the SHELL63 unit in described ANSYS software to enter
Row modeling, the ring group of cooling tower and pillar use the BEAM188 unit in described ANSYS software to build
Mould, each ring group bottom of cooling tower uses the COMBIN14 unit simulation bullet in described ANSYS software
Property ground, use 3 power spring units in described ANSYS software and three moment spring unit mould respectively
Intend cooling tower pile foundation vertically, hoop, radially, around vertical, around hoop with around effect radially.
In some optional embodiments, identify modal parameters at least include: ITD method, STD method,
In ARMA time Sequence Analysis Method, Peak Intensity Method, HHT method, Wavelet Transform two kinds.
In some optional embodiments, described acceleration transducer is low-frequency acceleration sensor, described low
Frequently the Hz-KHz of acceleration transducer is 0.025Hz to 800Hz.
In some optional embodiments, described acceleration transducer is installed by the first base plate and the second base plate
On cooling tower at corresponding point position, described acceleration transducer is arranged on described first end by bolt
On plate, described first base plate and described second base plate are bolted and utilize band by signal transmission wire
Fixing, the second base plate is fixed on cooling tower at corresponding point position by epoxide resin material.
In some optional embodiments, described acceleration transducer is by described signal transmission wire and manifold
Track data harvester and host computer connect.
The beneficial effect that the present invention is brought: added by point layout scheme, laying sensor, collection vibration
The step of rate signal and Modal Parameter Identification completes the mould measurement of cooling tower, overcomes conventional on-site real
Survey enforcement cost dearly, to external world environment and self construction conditions requirement harsh, be effectively increased field measurement
The reliability of the vibration acceleration signal of work efficiency and collection, multiple modalities recognition methods has been effectively ensured cold
But the degree of accuracy of tower structure parameter；It is simultaneously based on described method of testing and can fill up domestic and international cooling tower by high degree
Field measurement data, provide significant data for cooling tower performance study, repair for Cooling Tower Design and specification
The rational foundation of offer is provided.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the present invention a kind of cooling tower mode testing method；
Fig. 2 is the layout schematic diagram of point position in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the scheme of installation of acceleration transducer in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the vibration acceleration signal schematic diagram of the measuring point gathered in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is free vibration attenuation curve chart in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the modal analysis result in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The following description and drawings illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention fully, so that those skilled in the art
Member can put into practice them.Other embodiments can include structure, logic, electric, process with
And other change.Embodiment only represents possible change.Unless explicitly requested, otherwise individually parts and
Function is optional, and the order operated can change.The part of some embodiments and feature can be by
It is included in or replaces part and the feature of other embodiments.
In some illustrative embodiments, it is provided that a kind of cooling tower mode testing method, including:
101: selection test target tower: cooling tower height overall 179m, throat height 137.8m, throat radius 49.3m,
Air inlet height 27.8m, zero meter of radius 77.9m, tower is supported by 48 pairs of X-type pillars, tower concrete
Grade is C40, and X-type pillar concrete grade is C45, and concrete in ring foundation grade is C35.
102: set up model: set up the FEM (finite element) model of cooling tower structure.
Set up the FEM (finite element) model of cooling tower structure by finite element analysis software, finite element analysis software refers to
Software based on the establishment of finite element analysis (FEA, Finite Element Analysis) algorithm, described finite element
Analyzing software and use ANSYS software, ANSYS software is the existing software produced by ANSYS company.
Wherein, the tower of cooling tower and the stiffening ring of tower top use the SHELL63 unit in described ANSYS software
Being modeled, the ring group of cooling tower and pillar use the BEAM188 unit in described ANSYS software to carry out
Modeling, is connected by multi-point constraint unit coupled modes at pillar and lower ring, under each ring group of cooling tower
Portion uses the COMBIN14 unit simulation elastic foundation in described ANSYS software, uses described ANSYS
3 power spring units in software and three moment spring unit simulate respectively cooling tower pile foundation vertically, ring
To, radially, around vertical, around hoop with around effect radially, power spring unit one end is rigidly connected with ring group,
Other end consolidation constraint, equivalent spring rigidity calculates value by corresponding ground spring constant.
103: Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics: use piecemeal Lan Suosi method (Block Lanczons) to calculate acquisition cold
But each order frequency of tower structure and Mode Shape.Mode is the natural vibration characteristic of structure, and each mode has
There are specific natural frequency, damping ratio and Mode Shape.For many-degrees of freedom system, its kinetics is the most square
Cheng Wei:
In formula: [M] mass of system matrix；
[C] system damping matrix；
[K] system stiffness matrix；
P (t) external drive；
In undamped-free vibration situation, damping term and extrinsic motivated item in Basic equation are zero, i.e.
The free vibration of any elastomer can be broken into the superposition of a series of simple harmonic oscillation, if above-mentioned equation
Simple harmonic oscillation solution is
δ (t)=δ0sinωt
Substitute into free vibration fundamental equation, can obtain:
(K-ω2M)δ0=0
Amplitude δ due to node each in structure during free vibration0It is not all zero, therefore the determinant of equation group coefficient
It is necessary for zero, i.e.
|K-w2M |=0
Owing to stiffness matrix K and mass matrix M is n rank square formation, n is degree of freedom on a node basis number, so
Above formula is about ω2N equation of n th order n, ω2It is referred to as generalized eigenvalue, thus can try to achieve natural frequency.
Free running frequency is obtained, i.e. natural frequency f by kineticsi:
Piecemeal Lan Suosi method relates only to the product of matrix and vector, makes full use of the openness of matrix,
Produce orthogonal matrix by three term recurrence formula, thus original symmetrical matrix is about melted into through orthogonal similarity change
Triple diagonal matrix, finally solves the eigenvalue of the triple diagonal matrix of symmetry thus obtains the modal parameter of structure.
Owing to cooling tower has axial symmetry, its odd-order and even-order frequency are basically identical, and the vibration shape is only about axis of symmetry
Have rotated special angle.
104: determine measuring point mount scheme and lay sensor: choosing the low order mode in described Mode Shape,
According to hoop in the low order mode distribution chosen with meridian to harmonic wave number, determine point position, and in cooling
Acceleration transducer is laid at corresponding point position on tower.
As in figure 2 it is shown, be up to 7 according to hoop harmonic number, meridian is 2 to harmonic number and determines test
In circumferentially with meridian to being respectively arranged measuring point, wherein hoop 145m Yu 70m height section respectively arrange 8
Individual measuring point, separately increases by two measuring points at meridian to 110m Yu 30m two height, and acceleration transducer is arranged
Number is 8 × 2+2=18, in order to analyze the lower mode of cooling tower.First on-the-spot test arranges top 8
Individual measuring point and two measuring points of 110m Yu 30m height, top measuring point tests 8 after terminating by 145m height
Individual measuring point moves to 70m height, and the point position simultaneously keeping 110m with 30m height is motionless.
Wherein, described acceleration transducer is low-frequency acceleration sensor, described low-frequency acceleration sensor
Hz-KHz is 0.025Hz to 800Hz.
As it is shown on figure 3, acceleration transducer 1 is arranged on cooling tower by the first base plate 2 and the second base plate 3
At upper corresponding point position, the second base plate 3 is more than the first base plate 2, and described acceleration transducer 1 passes through spiral shell
Bolt is arranged on described first base plate 2, and described first base plate 2 and described second base plate 3 are bolted
And utilizing band to be fixed by signal transmission wire, the second base plate 3 is fixed on cooling tower by epoxide resin material
At upper corresponding point position.Signal transmission wire sets along cat ladder and tower wall cloth, uses band to fix, described
Acceleration transducer is connected with Multichannel data acquisition device and host computer by described signal transmission wire, according to
Signal transmission wire specifically lays that situation is optional is arranged on cooling tower by Multichannel data acquisition device and host computer
At bottom or tower top broadening platform, to facilitate connection and signals collecting.
105: exciting also gathers: described acceleration transducer sample frequency is set, respectively 5Hz, 20Hz,
50Hz and 100Hz, the single acquisition time was more than 12 hours.Use environmental excitation mode that cooling tower is swashed
Shaking, described acceleration transducer gathers the vibration acceleration signal of cooling tower, as shown in Figure 4.
106: pretreatment: extracted free damping oscillating curve by described vibration acceleration signal, as shown in Figure 5.
Be filtered described vibration acceleration signal processing by FIR filter, then by Modal Parameter by Random Decrement or from
So exciting technique, i.e. NExT method, carry out data prediction to described vibration acceleration signal.
107: identify and export: obtain some modal parameters, some modal parameters are averaged,
Output meansigma methods modal parameters.Identify that modal parameters at least includes: ITD method, STD method, ARMA
In time Sequence Analysis Method, Peak Intensity Method, HHT method, Wavelet Transform two kinds.
It is specially and uses ITD method, STD method, ARMA time Sequence Analysis Method, Peak Intensity Method, HHT method and small echo
Converter technique totally six kinds of modal identification method identification modal parameters, it is thus achieved that some modal parameters, i.e. ITD
Method, STD method, ARMA time Sequence Analysis Method, Peak Intensity Method, HHT method and Wavelet Transform corresponding one group respectively
Modal parameters.Then the meansigma methods taking each order mode state recognition result obtains meansigma methods modal parameters,
As shown in Figure 6, to eliminate the identification error that the factors such as different wind speed, noise and Construction Vibration cause, to carry
High Precision of Estimating Modal Parameter.
It should also be appreciated by one skilled in the art that and combine the various illustrative logic that the embodiments herein describes
Frame, module, circuit and algorithm steps all can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software or a combination thereof.For
Clearly demonstrate the interchangeability between hardware and software, above to various illustrative parts, frame, mould
Block, circuit and step are all generally described around its function.It is implemented as hardware as this function
Also it is implemented as software, depends on the design constraint specifically applied and whole system is applied.Ripe
The technical staff practiced can realize described function for each application-specific in the way of flexible, but,
This realize decision-making and should not be construed as the protection domain deviating from the disclosure.
Claims (6)
1. a cooling tower mode testing method, it is characterised in that including:
Set up model: set up the FEM (finite element) model of cooling tower structure；
Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics: use piecemeal Lan Suosifa to calculate each order frequency and the mode obtaining cooling tower structure
The vibration shape；
Lay sensor: choose the low order mode in described Mode Shape, according to the low order mode distribution chosen
Middle hoop and meridian, to harmonic wave number, determine point position, and cloth at corresponding point position on cooling tower
If acceleration transducer；
Exciting also gathers: arrange described acceleration transducer sample frequency, uses environmental excitation mode to cooling
Tower carries out exciting, and described acceleration transducer gathers the vibration acceleration signal of cooling tower；
Pretreatment: extracted free damping oscillating curve by described vibration acceleration signal, pass through FIR filter
It is filtered described vibration acceleration signal processing, then passes through Modal Parameter by Random Decrement or natural excitation technique to institute
State vibration acceleration signal to carry out data prediction and gain freedom decay oscillating curve；
Identify and export: obtaining some modal parameters, some modal parameters are averaged, defeated
Go out meansigma methods modal parameters.
A kind of cooling tower mode testing method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by having
The FEM (finite element) model of cooling tower structure set up by finite element analysis software, and described finite element analysis software uses ANSYS
Software；
The tower of cooling tower and the stiffening ring of tower top use the SHELL63 unit in described ANSYS software to enter
Row modeling, the ring group of cooling tower and pillar use the BEAM188 unit in described ANSYS software to build
Mould, each ring group bottom of cooling tower uses the COMBIN14 unit simulation bullet in described ANSYS software
Property ground, use 3 power spring units in described ANSYS software and three moment spring unit mould respectively
Intend cooling tower pile foundation vertically, hoop, radially, around vertical, around hoop with around effect radially.
A kind of cooling tower mode testing method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that identify knot
Structure modal parameter at least includes: ITD method, STD method, ARMA time Sequence Analysis Method, Peak Intensity Method, HHT method,
In Wavelet Transform two kinds.
4., according to a kind of cooling tower mode testing method described in any one of claims 1 to 3, its feature exists
In, described acceleration transducer is low-frequency acceleration sensor, the frequency response model of described low-frequency acceleration sensor
Enclose for 0.025Hz to 800Hz.
A kind of cooling tower mode testing method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described in add
Velocity sensor is arranged on cooling tower at corresponding point position by the first base plate and the second base plate, described
Acceleration transducer is arranged on described first base plate by bolt, described first base plate and described second base plate
Being bolted and utilize band to be fixed by signal transmission wire, the second base plate is solid by epoxide resin material
On cooling tower at corresponding point position.
A kind of cooling tower mode testing method the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described in add
Velocity sensor is connected with Multichannel data acquisition device and host computer by described signal transmission wire.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN107702744A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-02-16 | 山东大学 | A kind of cooling tower Zhou Jinfeng point layout method and monitoring system |
| CN107870008A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-04-03 | 上海艾港风电科技发展有限公司 | The performance test methods and equipment of flexible tower |
| CN108595725A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-09-28 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Acceleration sensor arrangement method for wind vibration response test of linear tower |
| CN109870284A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-06-11 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | A kind of damping test method of FAST telescope cabin-cable system |
| CN110044402A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-07-23 | 贵州大学 | A kind of Active spurring touch sensor and application method based on model analysis |
| CN112380747A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-19 | 中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司 | Design method of hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower |
| CN112945004A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-11 | 宁波翔东智能科技有限公司 | Multi-circulation cooling system adopting seawater for cooling |
| CN112948921A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-11 | 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 | Method for determining longitudinal constraint rigidity of tower beam of three-tower cable-stayed bridge and optimizing foundation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107702744A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-02-16 | 山东大学 | A kind of cooling tower Zhou Jinfeng point layout method and monitoring system |
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| CN110044402A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-07-23 | 贵州大学 | A kind of Active spurring touch sensor and application method based on model analysis |
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| CN112948921A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-11 | 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 | Method for determining longitudinal constraint rigidity of tower beam of three-tower cable-stayed bridge and optimizing foundation |
| CN112945004A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-11 | 宁波翔东智能科技有限公司 | Multi-circulation cooling system adopting seawater for cooling |
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