A kind of analogy method of equivalent sound simulation source
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of spacecrafts to disturb vibration source acoustic simulation field, especially a kind of simulation side of equivalent sound simulation source
Method.
Background technique
When atmospheric environment carries out micro-vibration test, the noise that original sound source work generates echoes satellite through deck board anti-She ﹑,
It is amplified in celestial body structure, will lead to the micro-vibration signal that measurement obtains and amplified by falseness.If the signal of acquisition is containing making an uproar
The data of sound pollution may cause influence of the false assessment micro-vibration to image quality, pay unnecessary design cost.
Satellite micro-vibration performance has differences in space and the performance on ground.In ground experiment, the disturbance of structural vibration
Source excitation can be divided into two parts.A part is derived from the exciting force of structural vibration.Another part is derived from the vibration of acoustically-driven
It is dynamic.The vibration performance for assessing in-orbit state needs to subtract vibration caused by acoustically-driven in ground test result.However, disturbing vibration
In the process of running, both motivate while acting in source.It can not be directly separated.If it is possible to design an equivalent sound
Source (1), acoustic energy is identical as vibration source is disturbed, but it does not generate vibration, can be placed on engine room structure and measures pure acoustically-driven and draw
The vibration risen, so as to analyze in-orbit state and the state of ground, the micro-vibration performance difference due to caused by acoustically-driven.
Existing acoustic simulation source is in the majority with reverberation field simulation, and such equipment only simulates the intensity of sound source, and is unable to simulated sound source
Directive property, be generally required to excited target component and sound source distance farther out.Sound and vibration caused by satellite movable part is responded, by
Compact in satellite structure, sound and vibration response is closely related with the directive property of sound source, and existing equipment is unable to satisfy the mould of orientation sound source
Quasi- demand.Meanwhile in order to not influence the kinetic characteristics of satellite, simulation source also needs to connect as far as possible with real sources mass property
Closely.
Simulation for sound field directive property, conventional method are simulating random series, and typical such as stereo sound source, this method pass through
The simulation of sound directivity is realized in control to multi-loudspeaker, but this method is only capable of the sound field characteristic of simulation specific position, can not
Realize the whole field simulation to particular sound source.Hu Ruimin etc. has invented Sounnd source direction and the side apart from reconstruction in a kind of multi-channel system
Method and device (CN201410071545.1) realize the sound intensity and direction to the certain response surface of specific position using 4 loudspeakers
Reconstruction, but omnidirectional's near field characteristic of sound source can not be simulated.A kind of sound field based on more ball domains simulating random series has been invented to space etc.
Method for reconstructing (CN201310726005.8), circumferentially and meridian by the continuous unknown source strength and kernel function that are distributed on virtual source face
Direction is unfolded using the Fourier series of exponential form, exports the two dimension of the overseas field sound radiation pressure of more virtual balls quickly
The expression formula of Fourier transformation makes the existing acoustical holography calculation method based on simulating random series be suitable for plane survey and any
Shape measure face, but the method for arranging of acoustic excitation sources is not provided, the compact Layout that can realize sound source can not be verified.Wang Yujiang etc.
A kind of sound field rebuilding method (CN201310733451.1) has been invented, the weight in omnidirectional near field is carried out using more virtual ball equivalent sources
It builds, but has particular requirement to the position of the virtual source strength of more balls, omnidirectional's simulation of acoustic field source of integrated form can not be applied to.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, a kind of simulation side of equivalent sound simulation source is provided
The Near-Field Acoustic Radiation characteristic of satellite movable part is simulated in method, realization, is caused for removing the sound in the test of ground micro-vibration
Vibration and mechanical oscillation.
Above-mentioned purpose of the invention is achieved by following technical solution:
A kind of analogy method of equivalent source, the analogy method of equivalent source mainly comprise the steps that
The microphone array column region A that step (1), setting are made of m microphone;M is positive integer;
At step (2), position B original sound source being arranged in microphone array column region A;Respectively obtain m microphone
Sound pressure signal, Fourier transformation is done to sound pressure signal and obtains the frequency spectrum p of each microphonei;Wherein, i=1,2 ..., m;
Equivalent source (1) is placed in microphone array by step (3), and wherein equivalent source (1) includes signal
Device, amplifier, loudspeaker and computer;Wherein, computer control signal generator generates the drive voltage signal of setting;Amplification
The drive voltage signal that signal generator generates is amplified processing by device, and is exported to loudspeaker;Loudspeaker reception amplifier
Drive voltage signal after the enhanced processing transmitted, and the drive voltage signal after enhanced processing is converted into acoustic irradiation to week
It encloses and launches;Wherein loudspeaker is n, and n is positive integer;
Calculate separately the frequency response that signal generator generates each microphone around the driving voltage D and equivalent source (1) of setting
Function hi,j, wherein hi,jCalculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, i is the serial number of microphone, i=1,2 ..., m;
J is the serial number of loudspeaker, j=1,2 ..., n;
piFor the frequency spectrum of each microphone;
qjFor the frequency spectrum for the drive voltage signal that signal generator generates;
Step (4), setting signal generator generate the drive voltage signal set as dj;Wherein, j is the sequence of loudspeaker
Number;J=1,2 ..., n;
pi=∑jhi,j·dj (2)
Above formula is written as matrix form are as follows:
P=HD (3)
Wherein, piFor the frequency spectrum of each microphone;
hi,jFor the frequency response function of each microphone;
P is piThe array of m element of composition;
H is hi,jThe m row n column matrix of composition;
D is djThe array of n element of composition;
When microphone number m is equal to the number n of loudspeaker, transfer function matrix H becomes a square matrix;Formula (2) both sides
Multiplied by the inverse matrix of H, driving voltage D is obtained:
D=H-1·P (4)
Singular value decomposition is carried out to matrix H:
H=USV-1 (5)
Wherein, U is m × m rank unitary matrice;
S is positive semidefinite m × n rank diagonal matrix;
V-1For n × n rank unitary matrice;
When matrix inversion, noise principal component is abandoned, degeneration singular value matrix U is obtainedrWith unitary matrice Vr, and calculate discarding and make an uproar
The inverse matrix of matrix H after sound ingredient:
It can be obtained equation (7) by formula (4) and formula (6), computing driving voltage D:
Step (4) carries out acoustic irradiation, verifying using driving voltage D driving equivalent source (1) that step (3) obtains
The precision of equivalent source (1) reproduction original sound source characteristic.
In a kind of analogy method of above-mentioned equivalent source, the step (1), the microphone array column region A is half
It is spherical;Its radius is 2~10 times of original sound source geometric scale;M loudspeaker is uniformly distributed in the A of region.
In a kind of analogy method of above-mentioned equivalent source, the step (2), at position B described in microphone array
For the sphere center position in microphone array column region A.
In a kind of analogy method of above-mentioned equivalent source, the step (3), equivalent source (1) includes n loudspeaking
Device, n=5;Wherein 4 loudspeakers are placed in same level, and towards outside omnidirectional distribution;Another loudspeaker is vertical
It places upwards.
In a kind of analogy method of above-mentioned equivalent source, equivalent source (1) includes m signal generator, m amplification
Device, m loudspeaker and 1 computer;Each signal generator corresponds to corresponding 1 amplifier and 1 loudspeaker;1 calculating
Machine controls the drive voltage signal that m signal generator generates setting.
In a kind of analogy method of above-mentioned equivalent source, the step (4), using overall relevancy verification method,
Whether verifying equivalent source (1) can reappear original sound source characteristic, method particularly includes:
Equivalent source and original sound source are calculated to each microphone in entire frequency using the confidence factor APAC of auto-power spectrum
Overall relevancy within the scope of rate, calculation method are as follows:
Wherein, APAC (j) is the auto-power spectrum confidence factor of j-th of microphone;
It is j-th of microphone in the entire frequencies omega of original sound sourceiLinear auto-power spectrum in range, for row to
Amount;
J-th of microphone is in the entire frequencies omega of equivalent sourceiLinear auto-power spectrum in range is row vector;
T is vector transposition;
| | indicate vector field homoemorphism;
Wherein, it is higher to level off to 1 expression fidelity by APAC.
In a kind of analogy method of above-mentioned equivalent source, the step (4), using acoustical power control methods, verifying
Whether equivalent source (1) can reappear original sound source characteristic, method particularly includes:
The acoustical power L of sound sourcewIt can be obtained by formula (9):
Wherein,Surface average sound pressure level is measured for microphone;
S is the area that microphone measures surface;
s0For benchmark measurement area;
The acoustical power L of original sound sourcewWith the acoustical power L of equivalent sourcewIt is closer, indicate that fidelity is higher.
In a kind of analogy method of above-mentioned equivalent source, the s0For 1m2。
In a kind of analogy method of above-mentioned equivalent source, it is characterised in that: in the step (4), using directive property pair
Whether ratio method, verifying equivalent source (1) can reappear original sound source characteristic, method particularly includes:
The comparison diagram of automatic n microphone acoustical power for drawing original sound source and equivalent source (1) verifies acoustic energy in sky
Between on distribution it is whether consistent, to judge whether equivalent source can accurately reproduce the directional property of original sound source.
The invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
(1) present invention devises the acoustic simulation of multi-loudspeaker composition according to the mounting means and dimensional weight of original sound source
Source to can not only simulate the radiation energy of original sound source, but also can simulate the near field directional property of original sound source;
(2) present invention is when verifying the precision of equivalent source reproduction original sound source characteristic, in the reverse load identification side of frequency domain
In method, principle analysis decomposition technology has been used, has improved the projection accuracy of each speaker drive voltage in equivalent sound simulation source;
(3) can the present invention really reappear equivalent sound simulation source the verifying means of original sound source characteristic, including entirety
Relevance verification method, acoustical power control methods, directive property control methods, carry out the verifying of directional property, realize to sound source
Many-sided evaluation of near field radiation characteristic, improves the Evaluation accuracy of sound source near field simulation;
(4) verification method of the invention in order to simplify equivalent source playback accuracy designs a kind of new module, i.e. base
In the confidence factor of auto-power spectrum;This method calculates equivalent source and original sound source to each microphone in entire frequency range
Overall relevancy, improve comparison precision, embody the playback accuracy accuracy of equivalent source of students on the whole.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that equivalent sound of the present invention simulates source structure design diagram;
Fig. 2 is acoustical power of the present invention and directive property measuring microphone arrangement schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is acoustical power test result schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that equivalent sound simulation source of the present invention is electrically connected schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments:
Carried out present invention is generally directed to the acoustic radiation characteristic of the gesture stability execution unit control-moment gyro on satellite etc.
Effect simulation.
Source structure design diagram is simulated for equivalent sound as shown in Figure 1, as seen from the figure, equivalent source 1 includes n loudspeaking
Device, n=5;Wherein 4 loudspeakers are placed in same level, and towards outside omnidirectional distribution;Another loudspeaker is vertical
It places upwards.
It is illustrated in figure 2 acoustical power and directive property measuring microphone arrangement schematic diagram, as seen from the figure, a kind of equivalent source
The analogy method of analogy method, equivalent source mainly comprises the steps that
The microphone array column region A that step (1), setting are made of m microphone;M is positive integer;The microphone array
Column region A is hemispherical;Its radius is 2~10 times of original sound source geometric scale;M loudspeaker is uniformly distributed in the A of region.
At step (2), position B original sound source being arranged in microphone array column region A;Described in microphone array
It is the sphere center position in microphone array column region A at the B of position;The sound pressure signal for respectively obtaining m microphone, does sound pressure signal
Fourier transformation obtains the frequency spectrum p of each microphonei;Wherein, i=1,2 ..., m;
Equivalent source 1 is placed in microphone array by step (3), and wherein equivalent source 1 includes signal generator, puts
Big device, loudspeaker and computer;Wherein, computer control signal generator generates the drive voltage signal of setting;Amplifier will
The drive voltage signal that signal generator generates amplifies processing, and exports to loudspeaker;Loudspeaker reception amplifier transmits
Enhanced processing after drive voltage signal, and by the drive voltage signal after enhanced processing be converted to acoustic irradiation to surrounding send out
It is shot out;Wherein loudspeaker is n, and n is positive integer;
Calculate the frequency response function that signal generator generates each microphone around the drive voltage signal and equivalent source 1 of setting
hi,j, hi,jCalculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, i is the serial number of microphone, i=1,2 ..., m;
J is the serial number of loudspeaker, j=1,2 ..., n;
piFor the frequency spectrum of each microphone;
qjFor the frequency spectrum for the drive voltage signal that signal generator generates;
Step (4), the driving voltage for determining equivalent sound simulation source loudspeaker.The derivation of driving voltage can be considered as one
A dynamic state loading identification is a kind of inverse problem.When using frequency domain reverse load identification, due to frequency response matrix be it is ill,
It is often not as expected in the numerical accuracy and stability of the method for frequency domain.Therefore principle analysis decomposition (PCA) technical treatment square is used
The digital conditioning problem of battle array.
Setting signal generator generates the drive voltage signal set as dj;Wherein, j is the serial number of loudspeaker;J=1,
2 ..., n;
pi=∑jhi,j·dj (2)
Above formula is written as matrix form are as follows:
P=HD (3)
Wherein, piFor the frequency spectrum of each microphone;
hi,jFor the frequency response function of each microphone;
P is piThe array of m element of composition;
H is hi,jThe m row n column matrix of composition;
D is djThe array of n element of composition;
When microphone number m is equal to the number n of loudspeaker, transfer function matrix H becomes a square matrix;Formula (2) both sides
Multiplied by the inverse matrix of H, driving voltage D is calculated:
D=H-1·P (4)
When there are larger noises in actual measurement transfer function matrix H, or when having that correlation is stronger between transmission function, driving
The solving precision of voltage D will significantly reduce.Therefore, it is solved these problems using the method for principal component analysis.
With principal component analysis, singularity value decomposition is initially applied to transfer function matrix H.It is unusual by matrix decomposition
Value will disclose the correlation between principal component.The singular value of matrix indicates the size in the principal component of its diagonal element.
Singular value decomposition is carried out to matrix H:
H=USV-1 (5)
Wherein, U is m × m rank unitary matrice;
S is positive semidefinite m × n rank diagonal matrix;
V-1For n × n rank unitary matrice;
When matrix inversion, noise principal component is abandoned, degeneration singular value matrix U is obtainedrWith unitary matrice Vr, and calculate discarding and make an uproar
The inverse matrix of matrix H after sound ingredient:
It can be obtained equation (7) by formula (4) and formula (6), computing driving voltage D:
Step (4), the driving voltage D driving equivalent source 1 obtained using step (3) carry out acoustic irradiation, test etc.
The noise signal on 1 periphery microphone array of sound source is imitated, is compared with primary sound source signal, whether verifying equivalent source 1 can be with
Reappear original sound source characteristic.
Using overall relevancy verification method, verify whether equivalent source 1 can reappear original sound source characteristic, specific method
Are as follows:
1, equivalent source and original sound source are calculated to each microphone entire using the confidence factor APAC of auto-power spectrum
Overall relevancy in frequency range, calculation method are as follows:
Wherein, APAC (j) is the auto-power spectrum confidence factor of j-th of microphone;
It is j-th of microphone in the entire frequencies omega of original sound sourceiLinear auto-power spectrum in range, for row to
Amount;
J-th of microphone is in the entire frequencies omega of equivalent sourceiLinear auto-power spectrum in range is row vector;
T is vector transposition;
| | indicate vector field homoemorphism;
Wherein, it is higher to level off to 1 expression fidelity by APAC.
2, using acoustical power control methods, verify whether equivalent source 1 can reappear original sound source characteristic, specific method
Are as follows:
The acoustical power L of sound sourcewIt can be obtained by formula (9):
Wherein,To measure surface average sound pressure level;
S is the area for measuring surface, m2;
s0For benchmark measurement area, s0=1m2。
The acoustical power L of original sound sourcewWith the acoustical power L of equivalent sourcewIt is closer, indicate that fidelity is higher.
The acoustical power of equivalent source 1 and the acoustical power of original source of students are higher closer to expression fidelity.
3, using directive property control methods, verify whether equivalent source 1 can reappear original sound source characteristic, specific method
Are as follows:
The three-dimensional colour figure and Waterfall plot of automatic n microphone acoustic energy for drawing original sound source and equivalent source 1, verifying
Whether distribution of the acoustic energy spatially, in frequency be consistent, to judge whether equivalent source can accurately reproduce original sound source
Directional property.
It is illustrated in figure 4 equivalent sound simulation source electrical connection schematic diagram, as seen from the figure, equivalent source 1 includes m signal hair
Raw device, m amplifier, m loudspeaker and 1 computer;Each signal generator corresponds to corresponding 1 amplifier and 1 is raised
Sound device;1 computer controls the drive voltage signal that m signal generator generates setting.
It is illustrated in figure 3 acoustical power test result schematic diagram, as seen from the figure, n biography of original sound source and equivalent source (1)
The comparison of sound device acoustical power can clearly embody in figure, and whether the distribution of verifying acoustic energy spatially is consistent, equivalent to judge
Whether sound source can accurately reproduce the directional property of original sound source.
The content that description in the present invention is not described in detail belongs to the well-known technique of those skilled in the art.