CN106017426A - Method for predicting gate opening type density flow separation depth in linear stratified water environment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for predicting gate opening type density flow separation depth in a linear stratified water environment. The method includes the following steps that firstly, related topographic data and water density data of a target research area are obtained; secondly, parameters are determined, wherein the parameters include environment water buoyancy frequency, the relative stratification degree of density flow inflow portion environment water, inflow speed of density flow and inflow unit discharge flow of density flow; thirdly, the data obtained in the first step and the data obtained in the second step are substituted into a gate opening type density flow separation depth prediction model (please see the model in the description), and the prediction value of the gate opening type density flow separation depth in the linear stratified water environment is calculated. The method for predicting the gate opening type density flow separation depth in the linear stratified water environment is simple in mode, accurate, efficient and capable of being used for quickly judging the invasion depth of density flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of research on density flow, and particularly relates to a method for predicting the separation depth of a gate-opening density flow in a linear layered water environment.
Background
By density flow is generally meant the phenomenon of movement when two or more fluids of different densities are in contact with each other, the difference in density being such that one of the fluids flows along the interface and does not globally intermingle with the other fluid during flow. The movement characteristics of the iso-gravity flow in the layered environment are one of important research subjects in the subject fields of oceans, atmosphere and the like, and in nature, the density difference of the fluid caused by the change of temperature, salinity and the like is ubiquitous. For a long time, the research on the density flow at home and abroad mainly focuses on the uniform water body environment, but the density flow is mostly formed and developed in a layered environment, such as turbidity flow, saline water wedge, cold air front, hot water discharge of a thermal power plant and the like in the marine environment. The method for clarifying the movement mechanism of the density flow in the layered environment has important scientific significance and practical value for deeply understanding the problems of haze diffusion in the atmosphere, river mouth salt water wedge invasion, harbor area siltation, pollutant transport in lakes, landform change caused by seabed turbidity flow, seabed oil and gas deposition layer formation and the like.
The density of the surface layer of the environmental water body is between the bottom layer of the environmental water body and the density of the surface layer of the environmental water body, the density of the surface layer of the environmental water body is separated along the slope in the moving process, and the vertical distance between the separation point and the initial movement position of the density of. The depth of separation is of significant utility because it defines the location where the density flow ceases to produce destructive behavior along the ocean or lake bed environment. The different heavy flows can be divided into continuous inflow type and open-gate type according to the different ways of generating the different heavy flows. At present, two prediction methods for the separation depth of the density flow in the layered environment are mainly used, and the two prediction methods are respectively based on a Wells formula and a Snow formula.
The prediction method based on the Wells formula is only suitable for continuous inflow type heavy current, and for open gate type heavy current, the mixing coefficient is related to the slope angle because the inflow condition of the open gate type heavy current is changed continuously, so the prediction method is not suitable any more. The forecasting method based on the Snow formula obtains a calculation formula of the open-gate type density flow separation depth in the layered environment by assuming that the density flow movement speed is unchanged, but the forecasting method needs to judge the density flow separation depth in advance by 'long separation' and 'short separation', further adopts different calculation formulas, needs to combine experimental data to calibrate the blending coefficient, is not only tedious, but also is easy to increase artificial errors.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a prediction method for the gate-opening type density flow separation depth in a linear layered water body environment, which can effectively reduce human errors, is convenient to use and has high accuracy.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1 data acquisition
Measuring topographic data and water density data of a target research area;
step 2, parameter determination
(1) According to the definition of the buoyancy frequency of the environmental water body, combining the topographic data and the water body density data of the target research area measured in the step 1 to calculate the buoyancy frequency of the environmental water bodyN；
(2) Calculating the relative layer structure degree of the environmental water body at the different heavy inflow according to the definition of the relative layer structure degree of the environmental water body at the different heavy inflow and the water body density data of the target research area measured in the step 1S 0 ；
(3) According to the definition of the density of the different heavy inflow, combining the topographic data of the target research area measured in the step 1 with the relative stratification density of the environmental water body at the position of the different heavy inflow calculated in the step 2 (2)S 0 Value, calculating the inflow velocity of the density flowU 0 ；
(4) According to the topographic data of the target research area measured in the step 1 and the inflow speed of the density flow obtained in the step 2, the step 3U 0 Calculating the single width flow of the different-gravity inflowB；
Step 3 model calculation
Substituting the data obtained in the step 1 and the step 2 into a prediction model of the open-gate type density flow separation depth in the linear layered water body environment:so that the split-gate type density current separation depth in the linear layered water environment can be obtainedHsIs predicted, whereinθRepresents the slope angle of the movement of the density flow,Nthe buoyancy frequency of the environmental water body is shown,Brepresenting a single wide flow of a distinct influent stream.
Preferably, the topographic data of the target area of interest to be measured in step 1 includes a slope angle of the gravity flow motionθDepth of the point of inflow of different gravityh l And the depth of the environmental water bodyH。
Preferably, the water density data of the target research area required to be measured in step 1 comprises the density at the surface of the environmental water bodyDensity at the bottom of the environmental water 、Density of environmental water body at density inflowAnd density of initial iso-gravity。
Preferably, the buoyancy frequency of the environmental water body adopted in the step 2 (1)NIs calculated as。
Preferably, the relative stratification of the environmental water body at the density of the water at the density of the densityS 0 Is calculated as。
Preferably, the inflow velocity of the density flow used in the step 2 (3)U 0 Is calculated asWhereinFr s The method is used for measuring the layering condition of the environmental water body and is calculated by the following formula:。
preferably, the single wide flow of the different heavy inflow used in the step 2 (4)BIs calculated asWhereing 0 'The effective gravity acceleration of the environmental water body at the position of the density inflow is represented by the formula。
Preferably, the coefficient 1.87 in the prediction model of the gate-open type density flow separation depth in the linear stratified water body environment in the step 3 is obtained through experimental fitting.
Preferably, the fitting experiment of the coefficient 1.87 in the prediction model of the gate-open type density flow separation depth in the linear stratified water body environment is as follows: a series of gate-opening type density flow experiments in linear layered water body environment are carried out under different slope angles, and the gate-opening type density flow experiments are carried out through a length scale ([ (0.0055)θ+0.063)/sinθ]-1/3 B 1/3 /N) And fitting the calculated value and the corresponding separation depth value obtained by actual measurement to obtain a coefficient of 1.87.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the influence of inflow flow of the density flow, the slope angle of movement of the density flow, the layering condition of the environmental water body and the like on the density flow is taken into consideration in the method for predicting the separation depth of the open-gate density flow in the linear layering environment, so that the judgment of 'long separation' and 'short separation' on the density flow separation depth and the calibration of a mixing coefficient are not needed to be carried out in advance in the using process, and the artificial error can be effectively reduced. The prediction method provided by the invention is simple in form, convenient to use and high in accuracy, can be used for directly predicting and calculating the separation depth of the open-gate type density flow in the linear layered environment, and is convenient to apply to production practice.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a correlation analysis diagram between measured values of the opening gate type density flow separation depth in the linear layered water environment and the prediction formula of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the advantages of the invention are further illustrated.
The invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: data acquisition
Determining topographical data for a target area of interest, including slope angle of density flow movementθDepth of the point of inflow of different gravityh l And the depth of the environmental water bodyH；
The measured water density data for the target area of interest includes density at the surface of the environmental waterDensity at the bottom of the environmental waterDensity of environmental water body at density inflow positionAnd density of initial iso-gravity。
Step 2: parameter determination
(1) According to the buoyancy frequency of the environmental water bodyNIs calculated byCombining the topographic data and the water density data of the target research area measured in the step 1 to calculate the buoyancy frequency of the environmental water bodyN；
(2) According to relative stratification of bodies of ambient water at the point of inflow of densityS 0 Is calculated byAnd calculating the relative layer density of the environmental water body at the density inflow position by combining the water body density data of the target research area measured in the step 1S 0 ；
(3) According to the inflow velocity of the different-gravity flowU 0 Is calculated byCombining the topographic data of the target research area measured in the step 1 and the relative layer structure degree of the environmental water body at the density inflow position calculated in the step 2 and the step 2S 0 Calculating the inflow velocity of the density flowU 0 WhereinFr s The method is used for measuring the layering condition of the environmental water body and is calculated by the following formula:；
(4) calculating to obtain the effective gravity acceleration of the environmental water body at the inflow according to the water body density data of the target research area measured in the step 1(ii) a With single wide flow according to the inflow of different-gravity flowsBIs calculated byCombining the calculated effective gravity acceleration of the environmental water body at the inflow positiong 0 '、Topographic data of the target research area measured in step 1 and density inflow velocity obtained in step 2 (3)U 0 Calculating the single width flow of the different-gravity inflowB。
Step 3 model calculation
The slope angle of the abnormal gravity flow motion measured in the step 1 is measuredθValue, environmental water buoyancy frequency obtained in step 2NValue and density inflowSingle wide flow ofBSubstituting the values into a prediction model of the gate-opening type density flow separation depth in the linear layered water body environment:so that the split-gate type density current separation depth in the linear layered water environment can be obtainedHsThe predicted value of (2). Wherein the coefficient 1.87 is obtained by the following experimental fitting: under different slope angles, a series of gate-opening type density flow experiments in linear layered water body environment are carried out, and the length scale is passed
([(0.0055θ+0.063)/sinθ]-1/3 B 1/3 /N) And fitting the calculated value and the corresponding separation depth value obtained by actual measurement to obtain a coefficient of 1.87.
The invention discloses a prediction model of gate-opening type density flow separation depth in a linear layered water environmentThe establishment procedure is as follows:
according to the Wells dimension analysis, the opening gate type density flow separation depth in the linear layered water body environment can be expressed as:
（a）
wherein,H s for opening the gate type density flow separation depth in the linear layered water environment,E eq the entrainment rate between the density flow and the environmental water body in the vertical depth direction and the entrainment rate between the density flow and the environmental water body in the direction vertical to the slopeEThe relationship of (c) can be expressed as:
（b）
wherein,θfor movement of different gravity flowThe slope angle of (a). According to the experimental results of Beghin et al and Hallworth et al,Ethe relationship to the ramp angle may be expressed as:
（c）
substituting the relational expressions (b) and (c) into the relational expression (a) can obtain:
（d）
wherein,Cas a constant, a series of water tank experimental fits gave a value for C of 1.87. Therefore, the calculation formula of the prediction model of the gate-opening type density flow separation depth in the linear layered water body environment is as follows:
whereinNThe calculation formula is that the buoyancy frequency of the environmental water body is as follows:
Bthe single width flow of the different-weight inflow is calculated by the following formula:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,U 0 for the inflow velocity of the heavy stream, the theoretical derivation according to Ungarish is as follows:
wherein,Frschanges along with the layering condition of the environmental water body:
according to the results of Ungarish,Fr 0 = 0.5，
the determination method of the topographic data and the water density data of the target research area in the step 1 is a conventional method in the current physical marine research field.
The Beghin water tank test data mentioned in the present invention is described in Journal of Fluid Mechanics Journal of 1981, 107 < gravity connection from liquids sources connected basines >; the Ungarish theory is described in the Journal of Fluid Mechanics Journal of 2006, On gradientcurrentin a linear Mechanics model, in 548, the organization of the systematic validation of Benjamin's step-state prediction results; the Wells dimensional analysis formula is described in The Journal of Physical Obiology 2009, 39 th edition The instruction depth of sensitivity Current Flowing into structured Water disks.
In order to further explain the reliability and effectiveness of the prediction method for the gate-opening type density flow separation depth in the linear layered water body environment, 18 groups of experiments for the gate-opening type density flow in the linear layered water body environment to move along a slope are developed in a glass water tank, corresponding experimental data are collected, the predicted value of the separation depth of the density flow is calculated according to the prediction method provided by the invention, and meanwhile, the measured value of the separation depth of the density flow is measured. The measured values of the separation depth obtained by the experiment were compared with the prediction formula of the present study, and the results are shown in fig. 1. The abscissa length scale term in FIG. 1
([(0.0055θ+0.063)/sinθ]-1/3 B 1/3 /N) The error bars in the graph are due to the uncertainty in actually measuring the separation depth. In a general water tank experiment, the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.7, which shows that the correlation is good, and the correlation coefficient between an actual measurement value and a prediction formula in the experiment reaches 0.76, which shows good consistency, and shows that the prediction method provided by the invention has higher effectiveness and can be directly applied to calculation of the gate-opening type density flow separation depth in a linear layered water body environment.
Claims (9)
1. The method for predicting the separation depth of the gate-opening type density flow in the linear layered water body environment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1 data acquisition
Measuring topographic data and water density data of a target research area;
step 2, parameter determination
(1) According to the definition of the buoyancy frequency of the environmental water body, combining the topographic data and the water body density data of the target research area measured in the step 1 to calculate the buoyancy frequency of the environmental water bodyN；
(2) Calculating the relative layer structure degree of the environmental water body at the different heavy inflow according to the definition of the relative layer structure degree of the environmental water body at the different heavy inflow and the water body density data of the target research area measured in the step 1S 0 ；
(3) According to the definition of the density of the different heavy inflow, combining the topographic data of the target research area measured in the step 1 with the relative stratification density of the environmental water body at the position of the different heavy inflow calculated in the step 2 (2)S 0 Value, calculating the inflow velocity of the density flowU 0 ；
(4) According to the topographic data of the target research area measured in the step 1 and the inflow speed of the density flow obtained in the step 2, the step 3U 0 Calculating the single width flow of the different-gravity inflowB；
Step 3 model calculation
Substituting the data obtained in the step 1 and the step 2 into a prediction model of the open-gate type density flow separation depth in the linear layered water body environment:so that the split-gate type density current separation depth in the linear layered water environment can be obtainedHsIs predicted, whereinθRepresents the slope angle of the movement of the density flow,Nthe buoyancy frequency of the environmental water body is shown,Brepresenting a single wide flow of a distinct influent stream.
2. The method for predicting the separation depth of gate-type density flow in the linear stratified water body environment according to claim 1, wherein the topographic data of the target research area to be measured in the step 1 includes a slope angle of the density flow movementθDepth of the point of inflow of different gravityh l And the depth of the environmental water bodyH。
3. The method for predicting separation depth of brake-type density flow in linear layered water body environment according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 is performedThe water density data of the target area of interest to be measured includes the density at the surface of the environmental waterDensity at the bottom of the environmental water 、Density of environmental water body at density inflowAnd density of initial iso-gravity。
4. The method for predicting the separation depth of the gate-open type density flow in the linear layered water body environment according to claim 1, wherein the buoyancy frequency of the environmental water body adopted in the step 2 (1)NIs calculated as。
5. The method for predicting the separation depth of gate-type density flow in the linear stratified water body environment according to claim 1, wherein the relative stratification degree of the environmental water body at the density flow adopted in the step 2 (2)S 0 Is calculated as。
6. The method for predicting the separation depth of the gate-open type density flow in the linear stratified water body environment according to claim 1, wherein the inflow velocity of the density flow adopted in the step 2 (3)U 0 Is calculated byIs composed ofWhereinFr s The method is used for measuring the layering condition of the environmental water body and is calculated by the following formula:。
7. the method for predicting the separation depth of the gate-open type density flow in the linear stratified water body environment according to claim 1, wherein the single wide flow of the density flow adopted in the step 2 (4)BIs calculated asWhereing 0 'The effective gravity acceleration of the environmental water body at the position of the density inflow is represented by the formula。
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the coefficient 1.87 in the model for predicting the separation depth of the gate-open type density flow in the linear stratified water body environment in step 3 is obtained by experimental fitting.
9. The method for predicting the open gate type density flow separation depth in the linear stratified water body environment according to claim 8, wherein the fitting experiment of the coefficient 1.87 in the prediction model of the open gate type density flow separation depth in the linear stratified water body environment is as follows: a series of gate-opening type density flow experiments in linear layered water body environment are carried out under different slope angles, and the gate-opening type density flow experiments are carried out through a length scale ([ (0.0055)θ+0.063)/sinθ]-1/3 B 1/3 /N) Calculated and actually measuredThe obtained corresponding separation depth values are fitted to obtain a coefficient of 1.87.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080154562A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-06-26 | Francois Blanchette | High resolution numerical simulations of resuspending gravity currents |
| CN102279090A (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2011-12-14 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Density flow model test method applicable to canyon-type reservoir |
| CN102865994A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2013-01-09 | 三峡大学 | Test device and test method of occurrence and movement rule of temperature difference flow backward density current |
| CN104480896A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-04-01 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Simulating testing device and method for temperature difference-sediment coupling density current of stratified reservoir |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080154562A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-06-26 | Francois Blanchette | High resolution numerical simulations of resuspending gravity currents |
| CN102279090A (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2011-12-14 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Density flow model test method applicable to canyon-type reservoir |
| CN102865994A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2013-01-09 | 三峡大学 | Test device and test method of occurrence and movement rule of temperature difference flow backward density current |
| CN104480896A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-04-01 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Simulating testing device and method for temperature difference-sediment coupling density current of stratified reservoir |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 贺治国 等: "异重流在层结与非层结水体中沿斜坡运动的实验研究", 《中国科学：技术科学》 * |
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