CN106015530A - Three-level planetary wheel reductor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of reductors. A three-level planetary wheel reductor comprises a motor, a hub and a three-level planetary component. The three-level planetary wheel reductor is characterized in that a sealing face is formed between a tooth-shaped seal and a fourth abrasion-resisting ring, a dust seal is arranged in front of the tooth-shaped seal, a third seal is arranged between an inner hole of a fixing frame and a third abrasion-resisting ring, a first seal is arranged between a second internal gear ring and a first bearing, a sealing face is formed between the first seal and a second abrasion-resisting ring, a second seal is arranged between the second internal gear ring and a second bearing, and a sealing face is formed between the second seal and a first abrasion-resisting ring. A first planetary wheel is supported onto a first planetary wheel axle through a first sealing bearing, one side of a planetary carrier is supported into a large end cover through a third sealing bearing, the other side of the planetary carrier is supported into a small end cover through a fourth sealing bearing, a second planetary wheel is supported onto a second planetary wheel axle through a second sealing bearing, and a third planetary wheel is supported onto a third planetary wheel axle through a fifth sealing bearing. Rc of the abrasion-resisting rings is equal to or larger than 55, and Ra of the abrasion-resisting rings is equal to 0.2-0.8 micron. The three-level planetary wheel reductor has the beneficial effects that automatic compensation of tooth-shaped sealing abrasion is achieved, gears are lubricated through oil, the bearings are lubricated through grease, and the service life of the reductor is long.

Description

Third-level planetary hub reduction gear

[technical field]

The present invention relates to a kind of deceleration device field, in particular relate to large-tonnage electric power wheel self-discharging vehicle hub reduction gear technical field, It is the improvement of existing hub reduction gear technology, a kind of third-level planetary hub reduction gear.

[background technology]

Hub reduction gear is the innovation and creation of the 1950's [beautiful] scientist Robert: " motor-deceleration-increase moment- Pass to wheel rim-driving wheel rotate ".Afterwards, this design is applied to large-scale mine certainly in nineteen sixty-eight by AM General company Unload.After 1977, Xiangtan Electrical Machinery Plant of China etc. succeeds in developing the most in succession, and current China is close to Foreign Advanced Lerel.

During 12, Chinese large-sized surface mine needs a large amount of heavy type electric wheel self-discharging vehicles, and hub reduction gear is then Electric Motor Wheel The primary drive mechanism of dumper, occupies critical role in electric power wheel self-discharging vehicle.What current domestic mine truck used mostly is two Or third-level planetary hub reduction gear, three grades of speed reducing ratio two grades are big, thus the increasing torsion effect that slows down is bigger.

Retardation gear ejector half Electric Motor Wheel majority uses inner rotor motor, and deceleration component is located between motor and wheel, low to ensure Sufficiently large torque is obtained during speed.Deceleration component mostly is Gear Planet Transmission, therefore has that light weight degree is high, noise is little and low cost Etc. advantage.There are bad and bearing short two problems in service life of sealing in existing hub reduction gear technology, theoretical foundation is as follows:

The double Puritanism of China's soup is awarded " In-wheel-motor driving technical research " and is pointed out: " but, due to some key technology of In-wheel-motor driving Limitation, cause this technology also could not be widely used.... owing to Electric Motor Wheel is mounted directly onboard ... the dust kicked up, fly The muddy water spattered the most easily enters Electric Motor Wheel.... " (" mechanical engineering and automatization " 2009-4)

Liaoning Project Technology University Wang Xu " research of Electric Motor Wheel bearing temperature monitoring system based on Ag ent " points out: " Electric Motor Wheel Being the whole multiple position of dumper fault, loss is serious: the economic loss several ten thousand yuan that fault causes every time is to hundreds of thousands unit.Because of axle Hold that temperature rise is too high to be caused planetary gear to beat tooth accident to account for the overwhelming majority.Certain ore deposit occurs Electric Motor Wheel Bearing Temperature to have the most altogether Hundreds of of pass accident, tens of dumper critical pieces seriously burn, and cause the direct losses of tens million of unit.”

Yao Guanhua " Slope protection of mine speed reducer and processing method " points out: " decelerator trouble in coal mine equipment fault about Account for 40%.... bearing is part conventional in decelerator, is very easy to damage.The damage type of bearing: bearing scratches； Bearing invades impurity；Bearing running hot variable color etc.." (seeing coal mine machinery 2002.07)

The sealing being dealt with later in hub reduction gear and bearing:

(1) sealing of existing hub reduction gear technology mainly uses outside framework oil seal and floating seal, and its existing problems are described below:

(A) the most adoptable reason-interference fit of outside framework oil seal, abrasion, sealing surface inefficacy, leakage of oil:

Qin great Tong " Modern mechanical design handbook ": " in a free state, oil sealing internal diameter is less than the diameter of axle, i.e. has certain interference Amount, the magnitude of interference increases with the diameter of axle and increases (volume 3-18-7, page 182)." motor drive after, power shaft operate, the magnitude of interference can make Friction between oil sealing epipharynx and rotary shaft makes rotary shaft heating, hot, and grease in bearing can start to melt, slowly from axle Hold and run off between monolateral sealing ring gap, cause bearing to lose efficacy because of thirsty oil, finally make gear-box damage.

(1) patent of invention " hub reductor for mine electric drive heavy-duty car " (201110374210.3): motor case and wheel hub There are two large-scale backbone sealing rings connection place, and the cavity between them can be refueled by grease fitting in outside；

(2) patent of invention " a kind of hub reduction gearbox " (201210279394.X): use an outside framework oil seal；

(3) patent of invention " hub reduction gear " (201510120706.6): use an outside framework oil seal；

(4) patent of invention " wheel-side reduction device of a kind of mining dump truck with electric wheels " (ZL201110207136.6): use Outside framework oil seal；

(5) Kang Kai " steyr bridge wheel limit oil sealing oil leakage fault reason and processing method ": when axle-shaft oil seal lost efficacy, main reducing gear Lubricating oil can flow in hub reduction gear, makes the rising of hub reduction gear oil level wash out oil sealing and causes leakage of oil；

(6) Liu Jin now waits " the hub reduction gear seal failure analysis of causes of ridge, R6660 Raleigh and transformation ": axle-shaft oil seal premature aging, Abrasion makes axle-shaft oil seal lose efficacy.(geophysical equipment 2007.9)；

(7) left sunshine " crane drive axle wheel edge oil leak of reducer Cause analysis and improvement measure ": Oil Leakage is that oil seal lip is inclined Mill, serious wear causes leakage of oil.(engineering machinery and maintenance 20014.8)；

(8) Li Hong, Yang Jianhua's " SX2190 automobile wheel edge oil sealing Oil Leakage and process ": Oil Leakage is that axle-shaft oil seal is too early Aging, abrasion makes axle-shaft oil seal lose efficacy.

(B) the most adoptable reason of float grease seal:

(1) float grease seal technology difficulty is big, and float grease seal has a problems with:

1., when non-uniform temperature or stress are inconsistent, the floating ring that diameter is big and thin there will be torsional deformation, though very small deformation, Along with slowly draining, mud fine infiltration sealant, abrasion just starts until seal failure；

2. the automatic compensation ability of float grease seal is poor, particularly rubber ring start aging or because of periphery cement mortar freeze time.

(2) Chinese coal Taiyuan academy Liu Zhi more " float grease seal being applied in high pulling torque hub reduction gear is studied " points out:

" high pulling torque hub reduction gear lost efficacy and was because float grease seal leakage of oil.Float grease seal Oil Leakage: sealing surface load is uneven Float grease seal is made to burn out；The technology difficulty that sealing surface hardness is high with roughness requirements is big；Impurity is had on sealing surface；Float grease seal warp Often exposing to the open air and work in lime-ash, sandstone, mud, pollutant can be bonded on O and be allowed to ageing failure；Float grease seal bears Pressure is little, is only 0.24MPa when continuously running." (coal industry 2014.10)；

(3) Zhu state bravely wait " solution of bulldozer final drive float grease seal oil leakage fault ": the first half of the year in 2013 float grease seal fault Accounting for 90%, fault performance is all outside observable leakage of oil, especially becomes apparent from SD16 wetland type bull-dozer, its ratio Up to break down the 95% of type.(building machinery 2015-03)；

(4) invention " hub reduction gear of bracket carrier band brake " (ZL 200910075507.2): set float grease seal at two；

(5) patent of invention " hub reduction gear of a kind of shuttle car " (ZL 201010290044.4): float grease seal at is set；

(6) invention " dynamic sealing device and there is the hub reduction gear of this device " (200910250155.X): float grease seal at.

(2) bearing being now discussed with in hub reduction gear:

" rolling bearing application manual " is pointed out: " insufficient lubrication is the main cause causing bearing early damage " (page 891)；

" Sealing Technology of seal deep groove ball bearing " is pointed out: " ... bearing initial failure is frequently not the fatigue rupture that material causes, But after pollutant enter bearing, lubrication lipid gradually degenerates, and produces caused by impression on Structure deformation face." (bearing 2009.05)

(1) Yang Zhongsheng " electric power wheel self-discharging vehicle hub reduction gear gear common invalidation and preventive measure " points out: " in impact In the many factors of bearing failure, the reason of installation accounts for 16%, reason in terms of pollution accounts for 16%, and belongs to lubrication and tired The reason in labour face respectively accounts for 34%.The bearing in use having 70% does not reaches service life." (Automobile Technology and Material 2009-01)

(2) patent " a kind of large-scale mine automobile wheel edge decelerator " (201420114845.9): " owing to working environment is severe, this In gear oil in the hub reduction gear of a little heavy mine-vehicle, the content of ferrous metal granule often exceeds standard, and causes Meshing Process of Spur Gear In, the flank of tooth can not form effective oil film, and then cause gluing and the scratch of gear teeth face, not only substantially increase heavy ore deposit By the maintenance cost of automobile, and cause serious impact to producing.”

(3)B.. Isakoff thesis for the doctorate " diagnosis of dump truck Electric Motor Wheel decelerator situation " is pointed out:

" between the most existing Electric Motor Wheel decelerator trouble, the phase is 2～200,000 kilometers, and between fault, phase fluctuation is the biggest.…

" affiliated company established the diagnosis mechanism of automobile reliability in 1984, and the iron powder using gaussmeter to measure in lubricating oil contains Amount judges the technology status of Electric Motor Wheel decelerator.”

(4) " Slope protection of mine speed reducer and processing method " is pointed out: " bearing is part conventional in decelerator, holds very much Flimsy.Causing the topmost reason of damage is that to be mixed into iron powder impurity content in lubricating oil higher." (coal mine machinery 2002.07)

(5) Ding Shouxiang " Fatigue failure of heavy-duty gear surface and prevention " points out:

" bearing wheels tooth surface subjects the stress effect of multi-form, the flank of tooth and subcutaneous metal everywhere and may produce fine crack and formed Tired source, stress-number of cycles increases therewith, and crackle will constantly extend so that the formation biscuit metal that is connected with each other comes off, tooth Face occurs that spot corrosion is peeled off, and gear teeth face produces fatigue damage." (Arms Material scientific and engineering 2002.01)

The third-level planetary hub reduction gear that [summary of the invention] present invention provides, is to seal unreliable for existing hub reduction gear and pollute The improvement that thing enters the deficiency of bearing and makes, thus improve hub reduction gear service life, reduce vehicle maintenance expense.

[technical scheme], in order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

Fixed mount cylindrical, equipped with wear-resisting ring, has profile of tooth seal receptacle, has profile of tooth to seal in profile of tooth seal receptacle in wheel hub, profile of tooth seal with Sealing surface is formed between 4th wear-resisting ring.

Profile of tooth is provided with a dust seal before sealing, and dust seal is placed in dust seal seat, dust seal and the 4th wear-resisting ring Forming sealing surface, dust seal seat is connected to wheel hub end face；

The 3rd sealing is had between fixed mount endoporus and the 3rd wear-resisting ring being located on the second sun gear axle journal；

Having the first sealing, the first sealing to be contained in wheelboss inner hole between the second ring gear and clutch shaft bearing, first seals and is connected to fix Sealing surface is formed between the second wear-resisting ring on frame cylindrical；

Having the second sealing being contained in seal receptacle between second ring gear and the second bearing, the second sealing is connected dish 11 cylindrical with being located at The first wear-resisting ring between formed sealing surface；

The first row star-wheel seals bearing with first and is bearing on the first spider gear shaft；

Planet carrier both sides seal bearing 1 with the three, the 4th and are bearing in big end cap and small end cover endoporus respectively；

Second planetary gear seals bearing with second and is bearing on the second planet wheel spindle；

The third line star-wheel seals bearing with the 5th and is bearing on Samsung wheel shaft,

Case hardness Rc >=55 of first, second and third wear-resisting ring, surface roughness Ra=0.2～0.8 μm.

The both sides of clutch shaft bearing and the second bearing arrange the first sealing with second seal function be, planetary part with gear oil lubricate, First and second bearing grease lubrication, the iron powder being mixed in gear oil will not enter in bearing.The theoretical foundation of grease lubricating bearing:

1. Ai Siman " rolling bearing design and application manual " page 221: " when compact conformation, it is preferred to use close equipped with two sides The radial ball bearing of envelope.Radial ball bearing equipped with two sides sealing ring has been charged into the grease of the whole useful life of enough bearings.”

2. Bu Yan " practical bearing technology handbook " page 95: " at those compact conformations, axial dimension requirement is little, seal request is tight Lattice, safeguard repairing difficulty, inconvenience use additional seal assemblies place, can preferentially select sealing bearing.”

3. Liu Ze nine " rolling bearing application manual " page 593: " seal bearing and both can have an excellent sealing lubricant environment, with Time also save complexity lubricating system.So at compact conformation, the strict position of seal request, all suggestions use and seal bearing.”

[beneficial effect] contrasts prior art, and the present invention has a following Advantageous Effects:

(1) profile of tooth seals linear velocity pressure, low temperature resistant and allowable and is superior to outside framework oil seal and float grease seal；

(2) profile of tooth sealing wear self-compensating, makes in decelerator oil-proof in be for a long time in good lubrication state；

(3) bearing grease lubrication, and planetary part lubricates with gear oil, thus bearing grease is not contaminated, when making bearing length Between reliably operate, noise is low, and the service life substantially increasing decelerator is long.

[accompanying drawing explanation] Fig. 1. embodiment of the present invention structural representation

The present invention is encyclopaedized by [detailed description of the invention] below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

With reference to Fig. 1. a kind of third-level planetary hub reduction gear, including motor 1, wheel hub 3 and third-level planetary parts, first order planetary part The first sun gear 34 of stretching including power shaft 33 axle, the first row carrier 36, the first row star-wheel the 31, first spider gear shaft 29, tight Gu at the first ring gear of big end cap 12 endoporus, the second planetary part includes second sun gear the 35, second planet carrier 32, second Planetary gear the 25, second spider gear shaft 27, it is fastened on the second ring gear 24 of big end cap 12 endoporus, the second sun gear 35 and first Planet carrier 36 connects, and third planet parts include the 3rd sun gear 14, the fixed mount 2 that is connected in frame, the third line star-wheel 17, Samsung wheel shaft 16, be fastened on the 3rd ring gear 7 of wheel hub 3 endoporus, described Samsung wheel shaft 16 two ends are connected to Fixed mount 2 be connected on dish 13, fixed mount 2 is bearing in wheel hub 3 with being connected dish 13 respectively with first, second bearing 4,10 Both sides endoporus, wheel hub 3 end face connects big end cap 12, and big end cap 12 end face connects small end cover 28, and small end cover 28 sets respiratory organ, It is characterized in that: described fixed mount 2 cylindrical, equipped with the 4th wear-resisting ring, has profile of tooth seal receptacle 21, profile of tooth seal receptacle 21 in wheel hub 3 Built-in profile of tooth seals 20, forms sealing surface, prevent leakage of oil between profile of tooth sealing 20 and the 4th wear-resisting ring.

It is Combined sealing that profile of tooth seals full name, is made up of with O thin lips and teeth shape slip ring.The slip ring that profile of tooth seals Crown is bordering on linear contact lay with contacting of the surfaces of revolution, greatly reduces and rotates the heat produced.Slip ring thin lip rigidity is little, and O makes slip ring Thin lip is tightened in sliding surface, but contact surface has one layer of the thinnest oil film (0.001mm～0.0025mm), plays lubrication and unlikely quilt Scraping into and drip (leakage), the elastic force of O makes line contact sealing surface wear automatically be compensated.Use condition: pressure 0～40Mpa, Temperature-55～250 DEG C, v=10m/s, medium: oil, water etc., service life is common outside framework oil seal more than tens times.

Described third-level planetary hub reduction gear is characterised by: profile of tooth is provided with dust seal 23, dust seal 23 before sealing 20 Being placed in dust seal seat 22, form sealing surface between dust seal 23 and the 4th wear-resisting ring, dust seal seat 22 is connected to wheel Hub 3 end face, dust seal is used for protecting profile of tooth to seal and is stained with the dirts such as mud, makes sealing more reliable.

Described third-level planetary hub reduction gear is characterised by: fixed mount 2 endoporus be located on the 3rd sun gear 14 axle journal There is one the 3rd to seal 19 between the 3rd wear-resisting ring 18, prevent leakage of oil.

Described third-level planetary hub reduction gear is characterised by: have the first sealing 5 between described 3rd ring gear 7 and clutch shaft bearing 4, First seals 5 is contained in wheel hub 3 endoporus, and described first seals between 5 and the second wear-resisting ring 6 being connected on fixed mount 2 cylindrical Form sealing surface, prevent the gear oil being mixed into iron powder from polluting clutch shaft bearing 4.

Described third-level planetary hub reduction gear is characterised by: have the second seal receptacle between the 3rd ring gear 7 and the second bearing 10, the Have the second sealing 8 in two seal receptacles, second seal 8 be connected to be formed between the first wear-resisting ring 9 of being connected on dish 11 cylindrical close Front cover, prevents the gear oil being mixed into iron powder from polluting the second bearing 10.

Described third-level planetary hub reduction gear is characterised by: described the first row star-wheel 31 seals bearing 30 with first and is bearing in the On one spider gear shaft 29, use the gear oil pollution bearing sealing bearing to prevent from being mixed into iron powder.

Described third-level planetary hub reduction gear is characterised by: the first row carrier 36 is connected with the second sun gear 35, first planet Frame 36 seals bearing 37 with the 3rd and is bearing in Circular Plate 38 endoporus, uses the gear oil pollution sealing bearing to prevent from being mixed into iron powder Circular Plate 38 described in bearing is connected between the first ring gear and the second ring gear 24.

Described third-level planetary hub reduction gear is characterised by: described second planetary gear 25 seals bearing 26 with second and is bearing in second On spider gear shaft 27, the second planet carrier 32 with the 4th seal bearing 11 be bearing in big end cap 12 endoporus, use seal bearing in case The gear oil being only mixed into iron powder pollutes bearing.

Described third-level planetary hub reduction gear is characterised by: described the third line star-wheel 17 seals bearing 15 with the 5th and is bearing in the 3rd On spider gear shaft 16, use the gear oil pollution bearing sealing bearing to prevent from being mixed into iron powder.

Sealing bearing is contact radial seal bearing, such as RK or RS or HMS (A) or MHS (A) type.

Described third-level planetary hub reduction gear is characterised by: the surface of described first, second and third wear-resisting ring 9,6 and 18 Hardness Rc >=55, surface roughness Ra=0.2～0.8 μm, make sealing more reliable.

Above-described embodiment is the description of the invention, is not limitation of the invention, any to the scheme after simple transformation of the present invention Belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a third-level planetary hub reduction gear, including motor (1), wheel hub (3) and third-level planetary parts, first order planet portion Part include the first sun gear (34) that power shaft (33) axle stretches, the first row carrier (36), the first row star-wheel (31), first Spider gear shaft (29), be fastened on the first ring gear of big end cap (12) endoporus, the second planetary part include the second sun gear (35), Second planet carrier (32), the second planetary gear (25), the second spider gear shaft (27), be fastened on big end cap (12) endoporus second in Gear ring (24), the second sun gear (35) is connected with the first row carrier (36), third planet parts include the 3rd sun gear (14), The fixed mount (2), the third line star-wheel (17), the Samsung wheel shaft (16) that are connected in frame, it is fastened on wheel hub (3) endoporus 3rd ring gear (7), described Samsung wheel shaft (16) two ends are connected to fixed mount (2) and are connected on dish (13), Gu Determine frame (2) and be connected dish (13) first, second bearing (4,10) and be bearing in wheel hub (3) both sides endoporus, wheel hub respectively (3) end face connects big end cap (12), and big end cap (12) end face connects small end cover (28), and small end cover sets respiratory organ on (28), It is characterized in that: described fixed mount (2) cylindrical, equipped with the 4th wear-resisting ring, has profile of tooth seal receptacle (21), profile of tooth in wheel hub (3) Seal receptacle (21) built-in profile of tooth seals (20), and profile of tooth seals and forms sealing surface between (20) and the 4th wear-resisting ring.

Third-level planetary hub reduction gear the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: profile of tooth is provided with before sealing (20) Dust seal (23), in dust seal (23) is placed in dust seal seat (22), dust seal (23) and the 4th wear-resisting ring it Between formed sealing surface, described dust seal seat (22) is connected to wheel hub (3) end face.

Third-level planetary hub reduction gear the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: fixed mount (2) endoporus be located at One the 3rd is had to seal (19) between the 3rd wear-resisting ring (18) on three sun gears (14) axle journal.

Third-level planetary hub reduction gear the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described 3rd ring gear (7) and the Having the first sealing (5) between one bearing (4), first seals (5) is contained in wheel hub (3) endoporus, and described first seals (5) and connect It is connected between the second wear-resisting ring (6) on fixed mount (2) cylindrical formation sealing surface.

Third-level planetary hub reduction gear the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described 3rd ring gear (7) and the Having the second seal receptacle between two bearings (10), have the second sealing (8) in the second seal receptacle, second seals (8) and is connected to be connected Sealing surface is formed between the first wear-resisting ring (9) on dish (11) cylindrical.

Third-level planetary hub reduction gear the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described the first row star-wheel (31) is used First seals bearing (30) is bearing on the first spider gear shaft (29).

Third-level planetary hub reduction gear the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the first row carrier (36) and second Sun gear (35) connects, and the first row carrier (36) seals bearing (37) with the 3rd and is bearing in Circular Plate (38) endoporus, described Circular Plate (38) is connected between the first ring gear and the second ring gear (24).

Third-level planetary hub reduction gear the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: described second planetary gear (25) is used Second seals bearing (26) is bearing on the second spider gear shaft (27), and the second planet carrier (32) seals bearing (11) with the 4th Hold at big end cap (12) endoporus,.

Third-level planetary hub reduction gear the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: described the third line star-wheel (17) is used 5th seals bearing (15) is bearing on Samsung wheel shaft (16).

10. according to the third-level planetary hub reduction gear described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, it is characterised in that: the first, Case hardness Rc >=55, surface roughness Ra=0.2～0.8 μm of second and third wear-resisting ring (9,6 and 18).