CN1060143A - Automatic transmission - Google Patents
Automatic transmission Download PDFInfo
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- CN1060143A CN1060143A CN 90108119 CN90108119A CN1060143A CN 1060143 A CN1060143 A CN 1060143A CN 90108119 CN90108119 CN 90108119 CN 90108119 A CN90108119 A CN 90108119A CN 1060143 A CN1060143 A CN 1060143A
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000144983 clutch Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Automatic transmissions for automobiles and motorcycles. It is composed of differential drive mechanism, shaft, gear, overrunning clutch and control system. When the gear is used as a driven part and when the absolute value of the transmission ratio of the gear reaches a certain value, the self-locking moving part does not rotate (6 in the attached drawing), the speed changer is in one gear to work, and when the gear is driven by the control mechanism to rotate, the speed changer is in zero gear and one gear to work. Its gear pair is normally engaged, it can be combined into speed variator with various gears, and can implement automatic speed change according to the working condition of engine and vehicle speed. Its efficiency is about 96%, simple structure, and the cost is lower.
Description
The present invention relates to the technological scheme of the automatic transmission in the mechanical transmission.It is applicable to that prime mover is software feature (as petrol engine, a diesel engine etc.), and load is in the mechanical transmission that changes.It is specially adapted to automobile; Motorcycle; In the machinery that petrol engine such as tractor, diesel engine are used as power.
It is by the driving mechanism with differential performance; Axle; Free wheel device; Gear or sprocket wheel are formed parallel connection and are connect transmission, carry out gear shift control by control system, and it has the Transmitted chains of one or more transferring power, and the velocity ratio of every grade of power chain is inequality.
Driving mechanism with differential performance, one of them movement parts is as driven member the time, the very low or self-locking of efficient when the absolute value of its velocity ratio reaches a certain value, this movement parts connects with control system, and controlled by it, and no matter other movement parts is at this moment very high as principal and subordinate's moving part efficient when the transferring power.Driving mechanism with differential performance is preferably by 2K-H positive sign planetary gears (document that has also is the NGW positive sign mechanism); The 3K planetary gears is formed.
Can control differential attachment carry out differential mechanism can be as control mechanism.In the time of can controlling in the differential attachment as driven member, the control mechanism of the movement parts of the very low or self-locking of efficient mainly contained gear and gear mechanism when its velocity ratio reached a certain value; Various clutches; Oil motor; Motor; Cam mechanism; Ratchet or detent mechanism; Come the mechanism of work by speed or centrifugal force; Hydraulic mechanism; Skin is for driving mechanism; Mechanisms such as friction wheel are perhaps controlled by the said mechanism combination.
The mode of control shifting of transmission mainly contains manual control; Mechanical type controls automatically; Hydraulic pressure is controlled automatically; Electric automatic control; Perhaps combine and control gear shift by above-mentioned several modes.
Every driving shaft can have one grade of power chain by gear (perhaps sprocket wheel) between its driven shaft in the speed changer; Free wheel device, axle wait other to form by part, and the power chain of other grade is by the driving mechanism with differential performance; Free wheel device; Gear (perhaps sprocket wheel); Axle waits other to form by part, and the resultant gear ratio of each grade power chain is inequality.
In " principle of conventional mechanism and application ", the principle of common mechanism and application are write group and are compiled, and China Machine Press publishes, standard book number: 243 pages of technological schemes that disclose a kind of automatic transmission in 105,334,464 1 books.
Volumes such as at " Automobile Engineering Manual " second fascicle, 176～183 pages of books disclose several automobile automatic transmission commonly used, and this book is by the Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan meeting, and holt is bright, Automobile Engineering Manual compiles ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee and translates standard book number 150335372.
Several automobile automatic transmission of introducing in above-mentioned two kinds of documents all are with planetary gears being composed in series through complexity.Control planetary gears with Dai Shi or lamella clutch.Thereby obtain several grades of speed.It must be equipped with torque converter or fluid coupling, and realizes self-shifting by hydraulic mechanism.This automatic transmission mainly contains following shortcoming:
1, efficient is low, generally has only 80%～90%.Thereby oil consumption is high especially.
2, because it will use torque converter or fluid coupling, and oil pump; Piston; Various hydrovalves; Pipelines etc. are part in addition, thereby complex structure.
3, because their complex structures, thereby the cost height, generally be 5～10 times of common speed changer.
4, reliability is low, because the working environment of automobile is more abominable, and vibrates big various hydraulic element and pipeline leaks easily, thereby usually is out of order.
5, control moment is big, existing automatic transmission, and control moment is all bigger, generally is 3～7 times of input torque of planetary gears.
Because existing automatic transmission has following shortcoming, thereby uses less in various low and middle-grade automobiles and motorcycle.
Introduced the scheme of several manual transmissions commonly used in 111 pages of " Automobile Design " books, this book is published standard book number: 150334897 by mechanism's industry.Jilin Industry University automobile teaching and research room compiles, and the speed changer of this type has following several shortcoming:
1, handle complicatedly, require driver GPRS opportunity during its speed change, the trick coordination is not performed otherwise hang.
2, the attention that will disperse driver during gear shift, frequent gear shift makes the very easy fatigue of driver.Thereby meet with a traffic accident easily.
3, smoothness is poor, and gear shift has impact often, makes to take advantage of the personnel of seat to feel under the weather.
To add the better gear shift of empty oil during 4, owing to gear shift, thereby want many oil consumptions.
During 5, owing to gear shift impact is arranged, thereby the gear in the speed changer; Part is fragile in addition for synchronizers etc., and speed changer is not long working life.
The present invention to overcome manual transmission gear shift inconvenience exactly and driver's labor intensity big, take sb's mind off sth easily, and overcome that to have automatic transmission efficient now low; Complicated; The cost height; Shortcoming such as unreliable and the technological scheme of a kind of automatic transmission of providing.
The composition of automatic transmission is such, and it has the power transmission shaft more than two or two, axle with spool between one grade of power chain can be arranged by, free wheel device; Gear or sprocket wheel; Part such as chains etc. in addition connect transmission.Other grade is by the driving mechanism with differential performance; Free wheel device; Axle; Gear or sprocket wheel; Part such as chains etc. in addition connect transmission.Driving mechanism with differential performance, the very low or self-locking of efficient when the absolute value of its movement parts its velocity ratio as driven member the time reaches a certain value.Differential attachment in the automatic transmission is preferably by 2K-H positive sign planetary gears, and the 3K planetary wheeling mechanism is formed.With 2K-H positive sign planetary gears is example.It is such that this automatic transmission requires the 2K-H positive sign mechanism with differential performance, efficient should very low or self-locking as driven member the time for its tie-rod, if decide like this in order to reduce control moment, but efficient can not be born too much again, because when it is descended as the rotating speed of output member, the differential rotating speed of mechanism can be raise for a rotating speed from tie-rod, this point should think better of.When efficient increases to postive direction, the corresponding rising of control moment meeting, but the tie-rod rotating speed that the output member rotating speed is descended can rise.So when design, should require to select the velocity ratio of its tie-rod according to it.Two central gears in the mechanism, a input component as power, another is as the output member of power.And the acting as of duplicate gear, the one, as the transmission part of power, the 2nd, as one of control piece of mechanism, it is differential that it can make mechanism realize.It is as ordinary gear train work and transferring power when tie-rod does not rotate.When tie-rod rotates as required, the differential rotation of mechanism, it is transferring power not.
Introduce a kind of scheme of automatic transmission below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1.Power has been passed to input shaft 1 from clutch.At this moment the tie-rod and the gear 6 that have the 2K-H positive sign planetary gears of differential performance move rotation down in the generation of gear 16, and its output gear 3 is passed to the rotating speed of gear 21 and is lower than the rotating speed that gear 7 is passed to gear 15, and at this moment the rotating speed of output shaft 11 is the velocity ratio that the rotating speed of input shaft 1 removes gear 7 and gear 15.At this moment the rotating speed owing to centrifugal controller 8,19 hangs down the thrust that can not overcome spring 14, thereby clutch 17 combines gear 16 and clutch with gear 16; Output shaft 11 rotates together with identical rotating speed.At this moment free wheel device 20 surmounts, and 10 work of overdrive clutch equipment, speed changer is in 1 grade of work.Its power transmission route is 1-7-15-10-11.
After vehicle starting increases along with the engine speed and the speed of a motor vehicle later on, centrifugal controller 8 and 19 has overcome the thrust of spring 14, clutch 17 separates with gear 16, tie-rod 6 self-lockings of 2K-H mechanism (neither rotating), gear 4,5,3 is in ordinary transmission, at this moment the gear 3 rotating ratio gear 7 of passing to gear 21 is passed to the rotating speed height of gear 15, thereby free wheel device 10 surmounts, and at this moment speed changer is in 2 grades of work.At this moment the drive path of power is, 1-4-5-3-21-20-11.
Because the rotating speed of motor descends, and the speed of a motor vehicle also descends, and centrifugal controller 8,19 can not overcome the thrust of spring 14, thereby clutch 17 combines with wheel 16 again when automobile goes up a slope, and 2K-H mechanism is differential, and speed changer is in 1 grade of work again.
Can increase by one group even several groups of 2K-H positive sign mechanisms according to above working principle, also can be together in series several two speed transmissions obtains multi-speed transmission.
This joining method can be used in the place that the velocity ratio between the lower place of main driven shaft rotating speed or retaining and the retaining is more or less the same.If the rotating speed of main driven shaft is higher or shelves with grade between velocity ratio to differ bigger speed changer not fine with top method, the rotating ratio that mainly is tie-rod when the mechanism with differential performance is differential is higher, thereby can generation come the noise height, heating, degradation problem under the life-span are in allowed limits also or can use above joining method with first-class problem certainly.Velocity ratio differs bigger two-shift automatic variable speed device between introducing a kind of shelves below and keeping off.
The main difference between the speed changer shown in automatic transmission shown in the accompanying drawing 2 and the accompanying drawing 1 is that the velocity ratio between shelves and the shelves differs bigger.It has increased a transmission shaft and two groups of controllable overrunning clutchs on the basis of the speed changer that preceding shows.Its working principle is such.When vehicle starting, because the rotating speed of motor is lower, and the speed of a motor vehicle is also lower thereby centrifugal force centrifugal controller 11,25 does not overcome the elastic force of spring 16.Thereby clutch 24 separates; The tie-rod self-locking (not rotating) of 2K-H positive sign mechanism.Gear 4,5,3 is in ordinary transmission, free wheel device 27,10 work at this moment, and free wheel device 21,19 surmounts (not working).Motion by its transfer route of axle 1 input motion input back is: 1-7-4-5-3-27-26-28-17-9-10-12.At this moment speed changer is in 1 grade of work.
When rotating speed of automobile engine raises, after the speed of a motor vehicle also raise, clutch 24 combined 23 rotations of clutch driven gear after centrifugal controller 11,25 had overcome the elastic force of spring 16 with gear 23.At this moment the differential rotation work of 2K-H mechanism, when the rotating speed of input shaft 1 was constant, gear 3 descended during its rotating ratio ordinary transmission under the differential rotation of gear 4 and 6.When the rotating speed of gear 3 dropped to rotating speed that it passes to gear 27 and is lower than gear 7 and passes to the rotating speed of gear 22 and also will hang down, free wheel device 26,10 surmounted, and free wheel device 21,19 work.At this moment Yun Dong transfer route is 1-7-22-21-19-18-8-2.Other the gear not transferring power that dallies, at this moment speed changer is in 1 grade of work.Why jack shaft 28 and controllable overrunning clutch to be set? the purpose that jack shaft is set mainly is to make the tie-rod of 2K-H positive sign planetary gears rotating speed can be too not high when differential, at this moment from the velocity ratio of gear 4,5,3 to 27, with gear 7 to 22; It is very little that velocity ratio differs, as long as thereby the tie-rod of 2K-H mechanism when not high rotating speed is arranged, the rotating speed that gear 27 obtains will be lower than gear 7 and pass to 22 rotating speed.And the purpose that controllable overrunning clutch 19 is set is the work for control gear 18.If do not establish it, gear 18 is passed to the rotating speed height that 8 rotating ratio gear 17 is passed to gear 9 when rotating speed is identical, thereby no matter be that 2K-H positive sign planetary gears is in ordinary transmission or when differential, gear 18 and 9 all is in idling conditions free wheel device 10 and surmounts all the time.Because the gear of two gears its velocity ratio before final stage differs very little thereby can not obtain big velocity ratio.And after being provided with controllable overrunning clutch, when the 2K-H positive sign mechanism is in ordinary transmission, jack shaft 28 will be higher than the rotating speed that obtains from gear 22 from the rotating speed that gear 27 obtains, thereby controllable overrunning clutch 19 is surmounted, thereby cut off the motion of gear 18 with jack shaft 28, power can be passed to gear 9 by gear 17, thus the difference of the velocity ratio between having increased two grades.
According to the working principle of above-mentioned two-shift automatic variable speed device, can increase by one group of 2K-H positive sign mechanism again and just can obtain one three gear automatic speed variator with corresponding part in addition.If just can obtain fourth gear automatic transmission to two two speed transmission series connection.Just can obtain a 6-speed automatic transmission if one three speed changer connected with a two speed transmission.Combination goes down just to obtain the speed changer of more gears like this.
The mode that can control automatic transmission gear shift is a lot, and it can also be controlled with computer.When this speed changer of design, the manual intervention gear change hand lever should be considered to be provided with, and the gear shift circulatory problems will be considered to overcome.
This automatic transmission can be widely used in various automobiles, tractor, and in the Transport Machinery such as motorcycle, it can also be applied in the various mechanical transmission that need speed change.
Automatic transmission is compared with existing automatic transmission with manual transmission and is had the following advantages:
1, it can realize fluid drive as required, thereby has alleviated driver's labour intensity, and the probability that accident takes place is descended greatly, thereby has reduced personnel's injures and deaths and reduced economic loss.
2, it can realize the coupling between motor and the load well.Make petrol engine and diesel engine be in preferable working state work all the time, thus the life-span that can reduce wear, improve motor, and can reduce the oil consumption of motor.
3, it compares the mechanical efficiency height with automatic transmission now commonly used, and the efficient of automatic transmission commonly used is generally about 85%, and its mechanical efficiency can reach 96%.
4, it is compared with existing automatic transmission, also has advantage simple and reliable for structure, because it is simple in structure, thereby cost is low, and low and middle-grade cars all can adopt.
5, owing to its energy automatic speed changing, thereby automobile operation is simplified greatly, everyone all can be driven a car through simple training, reduce start-up's time and funds.
6, the gear of this automatic transmission all is in normal engagement, thereby has the life-span long, the smooth-going advantage of working.
7,, thereby the travelling comfort of automobile, the impact when not having the manual transmission gear shift have been improved greatly because its can automatic speed changing.
8, compare with existing automatic transmission, its control moment is very little, and the control moment of existing automatic transmission generally is 3～7 times of input torque.Thereby must use hydraulic piston to control.The control moment of this new automatic transmission almost can be ignored.
Claims (6)
1, the technological scheme of the automatic transmission in a kind of mechanical transmission, it is by the driving mechanism with differential performance; Axle; Free wheel device; Gear; Sprocket wheel, control system etc. in addition part are formed, and it is characterised in that: axle with spool between by driving mechanism with differential performance; Free wheel device; Part such as gear or sprocket wheel etc. in addition connect transmission, carry out gear shift control by control system, and it has the power chain more than a grade, and the resultant gear ratio of every grade of power chain is inequality.
2, according to the described speed changer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: every driving shaft can have one grade of power chain by gear or sprocket wheel between its driven shaft; Free wheel device; Axle waits other to form by part, and other moving Transmitted chains is by the driving mechanism with differential performance; Free wheel device; Gear or sprocket wheel, axle wait other to form by part, and the resultant gear ratio of every grade of power chain is inequality.
3, according to the described speed changer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: driving mechanism with differential performance, one of them fortune part is as driven member the time, the very low or self-locking of efficient when the absolute value of its velocity ratio reaches a certain value, this movement parts connects with control system, and controlled by it, and other movement parts at this moment no matter when deciding driven member during transferring power efficient very high.
4, according to the described speed changer of claim 3, it is characterized in that: have the driving mechanism of differential performance, preferably by 2K-H positive sign planetary gears; The 3K planetary gears is formed.
5, according to the described speed changer of claim 3, it is characterized in that: in the time of can controlling in the differential attachment as driven member, efficient control mechanism very low or can the self-locking movement parts mainly contained when its velocity ratio reached a certain value: A gear and gear mechanism; The various clutches of B; The C oil motor; The D motor; The E cam mechanism; F ratchet or detent mechanism; G comes the mechanism of work by centrifugal force and speed; The H hydraulic mechanism; The I skin is for driving mechanism; The J friction wheel mechanism; K is controlled by the said mechanism combination.
6, according to the described speed changer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the main mode of control shifting of transmission has; L, manual control; The M mechanical automatic speed-changing; The automatic speed changing of N hydraulic pressure; The electric automatic speed changing of O; P is combined by above-mentioned several modes and carries out gear shift control.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90108119 CN1060143A (en) | 1990-09-26 | 1990-09-26 | Automatic transmission |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90108119 CN1060143A (en) | 1990-09-26 | 1990-09-26 | Automatic transmission |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1060143A true CN1060143A (en) | 1992-04-08 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90108119 Pending CN1060143A (en) | 1990-09-26 | 1990-09-26 | Automatic transmission |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1060143A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101571182A (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2009-11-04 | 陈解生 | Step gearbox |
| CN102494086A (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2012-06-13 | 重庆市科学技术研究院 | Automatic overdrive transmission |
-
1990
- 1990-09-26 CN CN 90108119 patent/CN1060143A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101571182A (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2009-11-04 | 陈解生 | Step gearbox |
| CN101571182B (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2013-11-27 | 陈解生 | Step gearbox |
| CN102494086A (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2012-06-13 | 重庆市科学技术研究院 | Automatic overdrive transmission |
| CN102494086B (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2015-04-15 | 重庆市科学技术研究院 | Automatic overdrive transmission |
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