CN106011404A - Spheroidizing annealing method for medium-and-low-carbon alloy cold forging steel - Google Patents
Spheroidizing annealing method for medium-and-low-carbon alloy cold forging steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN106011404A CN106011404A CN201610534940.8A CN201610534940A CN106011404A CN 106011404 A CN106011404 A CN 106011404A CN 201610534940 A CN201610534940 A CN 201610534940A CN 106011404 A CN106011404 A CN 106011404A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
Abstract
The invention discloses a spheroidizing annealing method for medium-and-low-carbon alloy cold forging steel. The method technology includes the steps that firstly, cold drawing deforming is conducted, wherein cold drawing deforming with the deformation ranging from 25% to 40% is conducted on an alloy steel wire of the medium-and-low-carbon alloy cold forging steel; secondly, spheroidizing is conducted, wherein the temperature of the alloy steel wire obtained after cold drawing deforming is increased to Ac1+20 DEG C to Ac1+30 DEG C, heat insulation is conducted, then the temperature is reduced to Ac1-20 DEG C to Ac1-30 DEG C, and heat insulation is conducted; and thirdly, discharging is conducted, wherein the alloy steel wire obtained after spheroidizing is slowly cooled and discharged. By means of the method, an adjusting drawing and spheroidizing technology is combined with a spheroidizing annealing technology with the single-pass deformation larger than 25% so that the spheroidizing effect of medium-and-low-carbon alloy cold forging steel can reach the fifth level or higher, and the spheroidizing structure is good and cannot crack in the subsequent cold forging process; and the beneficial effects that the technology is simple and effects are good are achieved. When multiple times of repeated spheroidizing annealing periods are adopted in the method, although several times of cooling is added, the total annealing time is not prolonged, the cost is not affected, and the beneficial effects that effects are good and cost is low are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wire rod field of deep, a kind of spheroidizing method of middle low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel.
Background technology
Cold Heading Steel Wire or wire rod, usually need to use spheroidising in wire rod deep processing.The purposes that cold-forging steel is general is to make standard component such as screw bolt and nut and other shaped piece, needs good cold heading performance；Globular pearlite tissue is considered as the tissue being best suitable for cold-heading.General cold-forging steel is through being rolled into wire rod, it is common that ferrite adds pearlitic structrure, needs to process (spheroidising) process through deep processing and makes its structural transformation be globular pearlite tissue；For the carrying out of beneficially nodularization, before spheroidising, carry out a certain amount of drawing, its pearlitic structrure is elongated disrumpent feelings.
Along with manufacturing development, current cold-heading part is in addition to some standard components, and substantial amounts of shaped piece and non-standard also begin to use in a large number.There are some non-standard cold-heading deflections very big among these, are even equivalent to 1/8～1/10 cold-heading deflection；Spherodized structure is required the strictest by such cold-heading deflection.China standard JB/T 5074-2007 " low, medium carbon steel nodularization body grading " defines the spherodized structure rank of middle low carbon steel, 1 grade～6 grades.The discovery when carrying out cold upsetting production, for the product of nodularization 5 grades, usually there will be higher fraction defective, the serious lumber recovery having influence on product when cold-heading deflection is big.Only spherodized structure is stabilized to the level of 6 grades and could meet the requirement of lumber recovery.
For middle low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel, owing to adding alloy so that the diffusion of C atom becomes difficulty, and after the elements such as Cr, Mn add, making the enrichment also having alloying element in cementite, to the decomposition of cementite and disrumpent feelings unfavorable, this have impact on the nodularization effect of steel alloy.Middle low carbon steel can be made stably to obtain the spherodized structure rank of more than Pyatyi, be a difficult problem in wire rod deep processing.
Patent publication No. CN102703666A discloses a kind of low-carbon alloy steel spheronization process, and wire rod is mainly put in annealing furnace, is heated up to 680～700 DEG C by it, after being incubated 5～7 hours at this temperature, furnace cooling to 592～610 DEG C, takes out；Carry out the cold drawing deformation of 28.8～36% after removing iron scale, semi-finished product are loaded in stove, be heated up to 700～730 DEG C, and insulation 9～11 hours at this temperature, carry out spheroidizing, make the Oxygen potential of semi-finished product reach more than 80%, obtain finished steel.This technique is only in the following long-time heat preservation of Ac1 line, and the diffusion of alloy is insufficient, it is impossible to the nodularization effect obtained.Number of patent application CN1256320A discloses the annealing process of a kind of high-speed great-deformation hot-rolled and cold-upset steel carbide, high speed wire bar is loaded in heating furnace by it, the temperature range 660～720 DEG C of below lower critical temperature Ac1 when being heated to heat steel, keep after samming no less than 3 hours, be then cooled to room temperature and i.e. can get carbide excellent nodularization steel.This patent heats at below Ac1 equally, and for steel alloy, diffusion effect is bad.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the spheroidizing method of low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel in a kind of alloy diffusion sufficiently.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the method technique that the present invention is taked is: (1) cold drawing deformation: the alloy-steel wire of described middle low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel carries out the cold drawn machining deformation of deflection 25%～40%；
(2) nodularization: the alloy-steel wire through cold drawing deformation is warming up to Ac1+20～Ac1+30 DEG C and is incubated, then be cooled to Ac1-20～Ac1-30 DEG C and be incubated；
(3) come out of the stove: come out of the stove after the alloy-steel wire slow cooling after nodularization.
In step of the present invention (2), alloy-steel wire is incubated 1～3h at Ac1+20～Ac1+30 DEG C, is cooled to Ac1-20～Ac1-30 DEG C of insulation 0.5～2h.
In step of the present invention (1), one or two passages of cold drawn machining deformation.
In step of the present invention (2), lower the temperature with the speed of 10～20 DEG C/h.
The nodularization process of step of the present invention (2) carries out 3～4 times.
In step of the present invention (1), alloy-steel wire first carries out soft annealing and carries out the cold drawn machining deformation of a time again；Described soft annealing is to be incubated 2～5 hours at Ac1-20～Ac1-50 DEG C.
The principle of the present invention is: middle low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel is because carbon content is few, so content of pearlite in alloy is less.Ferrite block is more, and pearlite is that island is distributed on ferrite matrix.During nodularization, cementite can only generate near original pearlite area, and the cementite particle so generated is substantially around around ferrite matrix, does not has cementite to generate inside amount of ferrite.On global tissue, cementite is not easy to be evenly distributed.And add alloying element, prevent Carbon diffusion so that carbide is difficult to diffusion, more prevents the homogenization process of cementite.So can not directly carry out nodularization for middle low-carbon alloy steel, have to pass through certain cold drawing deformation, break the boundary of ferrite and pearlite, ferrite and pearlite is elongated, after elongation, cementite has only to spread less distance and just can reach the internal lamellar structure additionally destroying cementite of ferrite, even can directly smash cementite when bigger deflection.
General spheroidising is that insulation through the long period obtains below at Ac1 line (eutectoid line), or directly slow cooling obtains after more than Ac1 20～30 DEG C of insulations.For middle low-carbon alloy steel, due to alloys producing, Carbon diffusion is pind down by alloying element, so the dispersivity of the carbide of common process acquisition is the most uniform.If in order to accelerate Carbon diffusion, and on Ac1, extend temperature retention time or improve temperature, carbide dissolution can be made, it is impossible in temperature-fall period, obtain the forming core particle of carbide.So needing the steel wire through bigger cold drawing deformation just can carry out spheroidising.
In order to obtain more uniform cementite distribution, it is considered to the original spheroidizing cycle is repeated 3 to 4 times, so, carry out nodularization by continuous nodularization process auxiliary so that it is the most thorough that nodularization is carried out.In order to shorten the time, reducing cost, in each cycle, the time design of austenitizing is the shortest, and rate of cooling is accelerated.The carbide that the short easy reservation of austenitizing time is the most molten；And rate of cooling is accelerated, it is not easy to the abnormal structures such as sorbite occur.Nodularization repeatedly so that diffusion and nodularization are repeated, and nodulizing stage is the longest due to the time of every, and carbide is not easy agglomeration.From whole structure, nodularization can increase again the effect of diffusion repeatedly, makes distribution of carbides more uniform.
Use and have the beneficial effects that produced by technique scheme: the present invention is by adjusting drawing and spheroidizing process, with single pass more than 25% deflection and annealing process combine, the level that middle low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel nodularization effect reaches more than 5 grades can be made, spherodized structure is good, will not ftracture during follow-up cold-heading；There is the features such as technique is simple, effective.
The present invention uses when spheroidizing cycle is repeated several times, although adds and cools down several times, but does not increase on total annealing time, and cost, without impact, has effective, the feature of low cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is further detailed explanation with detailed description of the invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is tissue nodularization figure (× 500) of wire rod after embodiment 1 spheroidising；
Fig. 3 is tissue nodularization figure (× 500) of wire rod after embodiment 2 spheroidising；
Fig. 4 is tissue nodularization figure (× 500) of wire rod after embodiment 3 spheroidising.
Detailed description of the invention
Shown in Fig. 1, in Ben, the method technique of the spheroidizing method of low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel is: (1) soft annealing: middle low-carbon cold heading steel starts essence line processing after hot rolling, first carry out soft annealing: below steel grade Ac1 line 20～50 DEG C, i.e. Ac1-20～Ac1-50 DEG C, be incubated 2～5 hours；Wherein low-carbon alloy steel can carry out this soft annealing process.
(2) cold drawing deformation: the alloy-steel wire of softened annealing, after acid washing phosphorization, carries out the cold drawn machining deformation that deflection is 25%～40%, so that pearlitic structrure is elongated or cementite lamella is disrumpent feelings；Cold drawn machining deformation is preferably one or two passages, the most cost-effective but also can reach cold drawn purpose.
(3) nodularization: the alloy-steel wire through cold drawing deformation is put into and can be preferred with the annealing furnace of bottom cycle with accurate temperature controlling, with protective atmosphere and with forcing the bell furnace cooled down or shaft furnace to carry out.A, alloy-steel wire is heated, on the Ac1 temperature that its steel grade is corresponding 20～30 DEG C, i.e. Ac1+20～Ac1+30 DEG C, be incubated 1～3h；B, it is down to below Ac1 temperature 20～30 DEG C with the cooling rate of 10～20 DEG C/h, i.e. Ac1-20～Ac1-30 DEG C, is incubated 0.5～2h；Each intensification temperature-fall period is a cycle, i.e. A+B is a cycle, nodularization process heating and cooling 3～4 cycles.
(4) come out of the stove: the alloy-steel wire after nodularization progressively cools to 450～550 DEG C of unlatching fire doors or bonnet air cooling to slow cooling of coming out of the stove after normal temperature, after the alloy-steel wire after coming out of the stove carries out pickled surface oxide skin, can carry out cold upsetting production.
Embodiment 1: as a example by 20Cr cold-forging steel, in this, the concrete technology of the spheroidizing method of low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel is as described below.
The Ac1 temperature of 20Cr cold-forging steel is 766 DEG C.Owing to this steel grade phosphorus content is the highest, can directly carry out drawing, deflection 25%；As a example by diameter of phi 16mm wire rod, after acid washing phosphorization, once pull to Ф 13.8mm.Carry out annealing process afterwards, be first warmed up to 790 DEG C of insulation 1.5h, then cool to 740 DEG C of insulation 1.5h with 15 DEG C/h；Through 3 cycles, slow cooling afterwards to 550 DEG C, air cooling is to room temperature.
Through the 20Cr wire rod of the present embodiment spheroidising, as seen from Figure 1, its spherodized structure rank is more than 5 grades, can meet the cold-heading requirement of moderate finite deformation.
Embodiment 2: as a example by 30CrMnSi cold-forging steel, in this, the concrete technology of the spheroidizing method of low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel is as described below.
The Ac1 temperature of 30CrMnSi cold-forging steel is 760 DEG C.This steel grade alloy species is many, needs to carry out soft annealing, annealing temperature 740 DEG C, insulation 5h before drawing.Carry out acid washing phosphorization after soft annealing, then carry out 40% cold drawing deformation；As a example by Ф 20mm specification, pull to Ф 16.1mm for twice.780 DEG C be incubated 2h, then with 18 DEG C/h be cooled to 730 DEG C insulation 1.5h, through 3 cycles, stove be as cold as 500 DEG C after air cooling to room temperature.
Through the 30CrMnSi wire rod of the present embodiment spheroidising, from Figure 2 it can be seen that its spherodized structure rank 6 grades, the cold-heading requirement of moderate finite deformation can be met.
Embodiment 3: as a example by 30CrMo cold-forging steel, in this, the concrete technology of the spheroidizing method of low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel is as described below.
The Ac1 temperature of 30CrMo cold-forging steel is 757 DEG C.This steel grade alloy species is many, needs to carry out soft annealing, annealing temperature 730 DEG C, insulation 4h before drawing.Carry out acid washing phosphorization after soft annealing, then carry out 30% cold drawing deformation；As a example by Ф 14mm specification, once pull to Ф 11.7mm.785 DEG C be incubated 2.5h, then with 10 DEG C/h be cooled to 730 DEG C insulation 1.0h, through 3 cycles, stove be as cold as 500 DEG C after air cooling to room temperature.
Through the 30CrMo wire rod of the present embodiment spheroidising, as seen from Figure 3, its spherodized structure rank 6 grades, the cold-heading requirement of moderate finite deformation can be met.
Embodiment 4: as a example by 15MnVB cold-forging steel, in this, the concrete technology of the spheroidizing method of low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel is as described below.
The Ac1 temperature of 15MnVB cold-forging steel is 730 DEG C.Owing to this steel grade phosphorus content is the highest, can directly carry out drawing, it is carried out 30% deformation.As a example by diameter of phi 10mm wire rod, after acid washing phosphorization, once pull to Ф 8.3mm.Being warmed up to 760 DEG C of insulation 1.0h, then cool to 705 DEG C of insulation 0.5h with 20 DEG C/h, through 4 cycles, slow cooling afterwards to 450 DEG C, air cooling is to room temperature.
Through the 15MnVB wire rod of the present embodiment spheroidising, its spherodized structure rank is more than 5 grades, can meet the cold-heading requirement of moderate finite deformation.
Embodiment 5: as a example by 30CrMnSi cold-forging steel, in this, the concrete technology of the spheroidizing method of low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel is as described below.
The Ac1 temperature of 30CrMnSi cold-forging steel is 760 DEG C.This steel grade alloy species is many, needs to carry out soft annealing, annealing temperature 710 DEG C, insulation 2h before drawing.Carry out acid washing phosphorization after soft annealing, then carry out 30% cold drawing deformation；As a example by Ф 14mm specification, once pull to Ф 11.7mm.785 DEG C be incubated 3h, then with 13 DEG C/h be cooled to 740 DEG C insulation 2h, through 4 cycles, stove be as cold as 500 DEG C after air cooling to room temperature.
Through the 30CrMnSi wire rod of the present embodiment spheroidising, spherodized structure rank 6 grades, the cold-heading requirement of moderate finite deformation can be met.
Claims (7)
1. the spheroidizing method of low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel in a kind, it is characterised in that its method technique is: (1) cold drawing deformation: the alloy-steel wire of described middle low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel carries out the cold drawn machining deformation of deflection 25%～40%；
(2) nodularization: the alloy-steel wire through cold drawing deformation is warming up to Ac1+20～Ac1+30 DEG C and is incubated, then be cooled to Ac1-20～Ac1-30 DEG C and be incubated；
(3) come out of the stove: come out of the stove after the alloy-steel wire slow cooling after nodularization.
The spheroidizing method of middle low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step (1), one or two passages of cold drawn machining deformation.
The spheroidizing method of middle low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step (2), alloy-steel wire is incubated 1～3h at Ac1+20～Ac1+30 DEG C, is cooled to Ac1-20～Ac1-30 DEG C of insulation 0.5～2h.
The spheroidizing method of middle low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step (2), lower the temperature with the speed of 10～20 DEG C/h.
5. according to the spheroidizing method of the middle low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel described in claim 1-4 any one, it is characterised in that: the nodularization process of described step (2) carries out 3～4 times.
6. according to the spheroidizing method of the middle low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel described in claim 1-4 any one, it is characterised in that: in described step (1), alloy-steel wire first carries out soft annealing and carries out the cold drawn machining deformation of a time again；Described soft annealing is to be incubated 2～5 hours at Ac1-20～Ac1-50 DEG C.
The spheroidizing method of middle low-carbon alloy cold-forging steel the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: in described step (1), alloy-steel wire first carries out soft annealing and carries out the cold drawn machining deformation of a time again；Described soft annealing is to be incubated 2～5 hours at Ac1-20～Ac1-50 DEG C.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106191396A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2016-12-07 | 武汉钢铁股份有限公司 | Cold formability 65Mn hot rolled steel plate Fast Spheroidizing Annealing method |
| CN108300843A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-07-20 | 江苏健力钢管有限公司 | A kind of Steel Pipe For Bearing Quick spheroidizing annealing technology |
| CN109487052A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-19 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | A kind of spheroidizing method of the cold-forging steel containing B |
| CN109517949A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-26 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | A kind of spheroidizing method of axis class steel |
| CN109593929A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-09 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | A kind of spheroidizing method of cold-forging steel |
| CN109628713A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-16 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | A kind of spheroidizing method of low-carbon steel |
| CN110004274A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-12 | 埃斯科特钢有限公司 | A kind of ML40Cr hot rolling wire annealing process |
| CN110257601A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-20 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | The secondary ultra-soft spheroidizing method of high speed steel |
| CN112195322A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2021-01-08 | 杭州杭申节能炉窑有限公司 | Zero-decarburization spheroidizing annealing heating process for cold forging steel SWCH35K |
| CN113151654A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-07-23 | 东南大学 | Processing method of medium carbon alloy steel |
| CN113699322A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-26 | 佛山安久电配汽车零部件有限公司 | Automobile gear selecting and shifting rocker arm shifting block and machining process |
| CN114672624A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-28 | 佛山市高明基业冷轧钢板有限公司 | Preparation process of alloy steel |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106191396A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2016-12-07 | 武汉钢铁股份有限公司 | Cold formability 65Mn hot rolled steel plate Fast Spheroidizing Annealing method |
| CN108300843A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-07-20 | 江苏健力钢管有限公司 | A kind of Steel Pipe For Bearing Quick spheroidizing annealing technology |
| CN109487052A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-19 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | A kind of spheroidizing method of the cold-forging steel containing B |
| CN109517949A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-26 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | A kind of spheroidizing method of axis class steel |
| CN109593929A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-09 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | A kind of spheroidizing method of cold-forging steel |
| CN109628713A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-16 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | A kind of spheroidizing method of low-carbon steel |
| CN110004274A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-12 | 埃斯科特钢有限公司 | A kind of ML40Cr hot rolling wire annealing process |
| CN110004274B (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-12-29 | 埃斯科特钢有限公司 | ML40Cr hot-rolled wire spheroidizing annealing process |
| CN110257601A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-20 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | The secondary ultra-soft spheroidizing method of high speed steel |
| CN112195322A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2021-01-08 | 杭州杭申节能炉窑有限公司 | Zero-decarburization spheroidizing annealing heating process for cold forging steel SWCH35K |
| CN113151654A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-07-23 | 东南大学 | Processing method of medium carbon alloy steel |
| CN113699322A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-26 | 佛山安久电配汽车零部件有限公司 | Automobile gear selecting and shifting rocker arm shifting block and machining process |
| CN114672624A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-28 | 佛山市高明基业冷轧钢板有限公司 | Preparation process of alloy steel |
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