CN106009193A - Silane crosslinked polyethylene insulating material for silver gray wires and cables and preparation method of insulating material - Google Patents
Silane crosslinked polyethylene insulating material for silver gray wires and cables and preparation method of insulating material Download PDFInfo
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- CN106009193A CN106009193A CN201610543374.7A CN201610543374A CN106009193A CN 106009193 A CN106009193 A CN 106009193A CN 201610543374 A CN201610543374 A CN 201610543374A CN 106009193 A CN106009193 A CN 106009193A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
- C08J3/22—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques
- C08J3/226—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques using a polymer as a carrier
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/06—Polyethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2423/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2423/08—Copolymers of ethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
- C08L2203/202—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in electrical wires or wirecoating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
- C08L2207/066—LDPE (radical process)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2312/00—Crosslinking
- C08L2312/08—Crosslinking by silane
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
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- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of insulating materials, in particular to a silane crosslinked polyethylene insulating material for silver gray wires and cables and a preparation method of the insulating material. The silane crosslinked polyethylene insulating material for the silver gray wires and cables is prepared from LLDPE-7042, a silane coupling agent, a cross-linking agent DCP, an antioxidant 300 and catalyst master batches, and the catalyst master batches are prepared from LLDPE-7042, LLDPE-8320, PP, an antioxidant 1010, an antioxidant DLTP, an antioxidant 1024, organotin, fluorine rubber master batches, silver gray master batches and an ultraviolet light absorbent. The insulating material is mainly used for insulating layers of the cables to replace an existing PVC material, and the insulating property of the insulating material is superior to that of PVC; PVC can emit toxic or harmful gases when the wires are on fire due to wire aging and other reasons, but the silane insulating material is poisonless and harmless.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to insulant field, particularly relate to a kind of silver gray electric wire organosilane crosslinked polyethylene insulation material and
Its preparation method.
Background technology
Cable industry uses polyolefinic kind mainly to have PE, PP, EVA and EEA etc., and wherein relative quantity is big, applicating history is long
Mainly PE, it has HDPE, MDPE, LDPE, LLDPE and the XLPE through crosslinking, and their application does not the most need to speak more.
In industry, the most polyolefinic application and development trend are concentrated mainly on following several respects:
(1) seriation of low smoke, zero halogen material, improvement
Halide-free low-smoke fireproof cable material is development in recent years kind faster, has met the thermoplastic moulding mixture of IEC92-359 standard-required
Increasingly it is widely applied.Use occasion along with oil platform, nuclear power station, cable for ship and other bad environments
Requirement, the range of application of cross-linking type low smoke, zero halogen CABLE MATERIALS will be increasing.
(2) resistance to electricity trace material
Resistance to electricity trace CABLE MATERIALS is as the popularization and application of ADSS (All Dielectric Self-Supporting Aerial Optical Fiber Cable), and gradually causes everybody note
Meaning.In fact, the trace requirement of resistance to electricity is had for producing corona under preventing at damp condition, due to it at 10kV and above aerial cable
Insulant (XLPE, HDPE) itself has certain resistance to electricity trace, substantially can guarantee that the requirement of aerial cable resistance to electricity trace, therefore
And problem does not highlight.And ADSS mainly sets up along the high-tension line of 110KV, 220KV, the electric erosion resistance of its sheath will
Directly affect cable lifetime, therefore the resistance to electricity trace of sheath material is had more harsh requirement, i.e. apply actually used pulling force
In the case of 90% tension force, carrying out the resistance to electricity trace test of 1000 hours, it needs this custom-designed formula system promising, therein
Key is resistance to the electricity use of trace agent, superior physical and mechanical properties, the balance of good process processability.At present, English, moral,
The life search of ADSS is also being continued by Mei Deng state, and the most how its emphasis improves is placed in the anti-of cable sheath material in space electric field
Galvanic corrosion.
(3) crosslinked with silicane material
Organosilane crosslinked polyethylene insulation material commonly uses in 3KV and following power cable.Along with popularizing of crosslinked with silicane technology,
Other has product to come out such as crosslinked with silicane strippable shielding material, LSOH anti-flaming material, second the third CABLE MATERIALS the most in succession.Domestic at silicon
On alkane crosslinking strippable shielding material, existing producer works, and silane crosslinked halogen-free flame-retardant material, second the third CABLE MATERIALS are still few for everybody
Understand, certainly let alone apply.
(4) cross-linking radiation polyolefin material
Cross-linking radiation material and technology have obtained the application of maturation on power cable, aerial cable and equipment line.It is known that
105 DEG C and temperature below grade in industry, all can meet requirement with XLPE, XLPVC or PVC, more than 150 DEG C, silicon rubber
The application of the kinds such as glue, fluoroplastics, polyimides is the most ripe, but answering in medium temperature grade (such as 125 DEG C, 150 DEG C)
With in exploitation, bigger with external gap.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of silver gray electric wire organosilane crosslinked polyethylene
Insulant.This material is mainly used in the insulating barrier of cable, and to replace current PVC material, insulating properties are better than PVC,
And PVC electric wire aging etc. on fire when can release toxic and harmful, and silane Insulation Material is nontoxic.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of silver gray electric wire organosilane crosslinked polyethylene insulation material, this insulant is by weight percentage by following
Component prepares:
And catalyst masterbatch；
Described catalyst masterbatch is made up of following component:
As preferably, this insulant is prepared by following component by weight percentage:
And catalyst masterbatch；
Described catalyst masterbatch is made up of following component:
Two step method prepares the method for above-mentioned silver gray electric wire organosilane crosslinked polyethylene insulation material, and the method includes following
Step:
1) prepared by catalyst masterbatch: stirred in blender by above catalyst masterbatch material, and first stirring at low speed 1 minute is more at a high speed
Stirring 3 minutes, then release and pour extruder hopper into, extruder temperature: 140～180 DEG C, through supercooling after twin-screw extrusion
Tank cools down, then carries out pelletizing after blower fan dries up, and granule, at drying tower, arranges 80 DEG C and dries more than 2 hours then
Carry out packing, temporarily depositing with vacuum aluminium plastic bag；
2) prepared by finished product:
2.1) silane coupler, crosslink agent DCP, antioxidant 300 are proportionally mixed, after mixing, become silane adjuvant,
It is sufficiently mixed rear silane adjuvant stand-by；
2.2) LLDPE-7042, LDPE, catalysis masterbatch are drawn into blender in proportion and mix, and suck and be dried after mix homogeneously
Tower, sets 60 DEG C, and drying time is more than half an hour, and material sucks raw material feed bin afterwards；
2.3) above material joins double screw extruder through weighing balance auto feed, and the silane adjuvant prepared is also passed through meter
Amount claims to join twin screw in the secondth district, and above material is grafted at twin screw；
2.4) material after twin screw is grafted is through Single screw extrusion, eccentric water smoke pelletizing, is transported to dewaterer through transportation water pump,
Through dehydration after be delivered to ebullated bed by conveying fan, by control material position height material is fully dried, after inhaled by vacuum
Material machine sucks finished product bin；
2.5) measure, pack and be finished product.
One-step method prepares the method for above-mentioned silver gray electric wire organosilane crosslinked polyethylene insulation material, and the method includes following
Step:
1) prepared by catalyst masterbatch: stirred in blender by above catalyst masterbatch material, and first stirring at low speed 1 minute is more at a high speed
Stirring 3 minutes, then release and pour extruder hopper into, extruder temperature: 140～180 DEG C, through supercooling after twin-screw extrusion
Tank cools down, then carries out pelletizing after blower fan dries up, and granule, at drying tower, arranges 80 DEG C and dries more than 2 hours then
Carry out packing, temporarily depositing with vacuum aluminium plastic bag；
2) prepared by finished product:
2.1) silane coupler, crosslink agent DCP, antioxidant 300 are proportionally mixed, after mixing, become silane adjuvant,
It is sufficiently mixed rear silane adjuvant stand-by；
2.2) carry out being heated to 90 DEG C by main equipment double conical rotary vessel；
2.3) LLDPE-7042, LDPE, catalysis masterbatch are drawn in double conical rotary vessel in proportion, then that lid is airtight, open double
Cone rotary drum is dried, mixes；
2.4) above dry materials, mixing 2.5 hours after, by liquid spraying device, standby silane adjuvant is joined material
In；
2.5) silane adjuvant is released after the absorption of 2.5 hours；
2.6) measure, pack and be finished product.
Due to the fact that and have employed above-mentioned technical scheme, the material of the present invention is mainly used in the insulating barrier of cable, to replace at present
PVC material be main, insulating properties are better than PVC, and PVC electric wire aging etc. on fire when can release toxic and harmful,
And silane Insulation Material is nontoxic.
Use the production of the present invention, screw speed and current stabilization, produce 240mm2, 4.5 meters per minute of payingoff speed；
When extrusion, plastic emitting is uniform, and without granule, start occurs for 12 days without old glue continuously；The extension of cable heat detects 70%～80%,
Permanent deformation is in the range of 0～5%；Partial Discharge Detection is within 2PC, and industrial frequency withstand voltage tests 30 minutes without puncturing；Semi-finished product,
Finished product detection all meets GB/T 12706-2002 requirement.
The product of the present invention compares with polrvinyl chloride, and thermal denaturation resistant is better than PvC, and anti-overload ability is strong.Short circuit operation temperature is the highest
Up to 250 DEG C.And PVC poor heat resistance, its 80 DEG C continue its degeneration of 4h up to 50%.When cable overlond running easy
Causing insulation ag(e)ing and soften degeneration and cause and puncture, PVC is aging causes Cable Firing Accident to account for the 50% of electricity fire incident sum；
Crosslinked polyethylene density is less by about 40% than polrvinyl chloride, can substantially alleviate the quality of cable.Compare with thermoplastic polyethylene,
Improve resistance to heat distorsion, improve the mechanical property under high temperature, improve environmental stress resistance be full of cracks and heat aging property, increase
Strong chemical-resistant stability and solvent resistance, decrease cold flow properties, and insulation resistance is high, and dielectric loss angle tangent is little, the most not
Change with the change of temperature, substantially maintain original electric property.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of silver gray electric wire organosilane crosslinked polyethylene insulation material, this insulant is by weight percentage by following
Component prepares:
And catalyst masterbatch；
Described catalyst masterbatch is made up of following component:
Two step method prepares a kind of method of silver gray electric wire organosilane crosslinked polyethylene insulation material, is mainly made up of two parts,
One is the preparation of catalyst masterbatch, and two is prepared by finished product.
1, prepared by catalyst masterbatch:
Above material is stirred in blender, first stirring at low speed 1 minute high-speed stirred 3 minutes again, then release and pour extrusion into
Machine hopper (extruder temperature: 140～180 DEG C), cools down through supercooling tank after twin-screw extrusion, then blows through blower fan
Carrying out pelletizing after Gan, granule is dried at drying tower (arranging 80 DEG C) and then is carried out packing, temporarily with vacuum aluminium plastic bag for more than 2 hours
Shi Cunfang.
2, prepared by finished product:
2.1) proportionally carry out silane coupler, cross-linking agent, antioxidant 300 mixing (after mixing, becoming silane adjuvant),
It is sufficiently mixed rear silane adjuvant stand-by；
2.2) LLDPE-7042, LDPE, catalysis masterbatch are proportionally drawn into blender and mix, inhale after mix homogeneously
Entering drying tower, set 60 DEG C, drying time is more than half an hour, and material sucks raw material feed bin afterwards；
2.3) above material joins double screw extruder through weighing balance auto feed, and the silane adjuvant prepared is also passed through meter
Amount claims to join twin screw in the secondth district, and above material is grafted at twin screw；
2.4) material after twin screw is grafted is through Single screw extrusion, eccentric water smoke pelletizing, is transported to dewaterer through transportation water pump,
Through dehydration after be delivered to ebullated bed by conveying fan, by control material position height material is fully dried, after inhaled by vacuum
Material machine sucks finished product bin；
2.4) measure, pack and be finished product.
2.5) detecting product prepared as above, testing result is qualified.
Embodiment 2
A kind of silver gray electric wire organosilane crosslinked polyethylene insulation material, this insulant is by weight percentage by following
Component prepares:
And catalyst masterbatch；
Described catalyst masterbatch is made up of following component:
Above-mentioned insulant uses the two step method of embodiment 1 to prepare insulant.
Embodiment 3
A kind of silver gray electric wire organosilane crosslinked polyethylene insulation material, this insulant is by weight percentage by following
Component prepares:
And catalyst masterbatch；
Described catalyst masterbatch is made up of following component:
One-step method prepares a kind of method of silver gray electric wire organosilane crosslinked polyethylene insulation material, is mainly made up of two parts,
One is the preparation of catalyst masterbatch, and two is prepared by finished product.
1) prepared by catalyst masterbatch: stirred in blender by above catalyst masterbatch material, and first stirring at low speed 1 minute is more at a high speed
Stirring 3 minutes, then release and pour extruder hopper into, extruder temperature: 140～180 DEG C, through supercooling after twin-screw extrusion
Tank cools down, then carries out pelletizing after blower fan dries up, and granule, at drying tower, arranges 80 DEG C and dries more than 2 hours then
Carry out packing, temporarily depositing with vacuum aluminium plastic bag；
2) prepared by finished product:
2.1) silane coupler, crosslink agent DCP, antioxidant 300 are proportionally mixed, after mixing, become silane adjuvant,
It is sufficiently mixed rear silane adjuvant stand-by；
2.2) carry out being heated to 90 DEG C by main equipment double conical rotary vessel；
2.3) LLDPE-7042, LDPE, catalysis masterbatch are drawn in double conical rotary vessel in proportion, then that lid is airtight, open double
Cone rotary drum is dried, mixes；
2.4) above dry materials, mixing 2.5 hours after, by liquid spraying device, standby silane adjuvant is joined material
In；
2.5) silane adjuvant is released after the absorption of 2.5 hours；
2.6) measure, pack and be finished product.
3) detecting product prepared as above, testing result is qualified.
Embodiment 4
A kind of silver gray electric wire organosilane crosslinked polyethylene insulation material, this insulant is by weight percentage by following
Component prepares:
And catalyst masterbatch；
Described catalyst masterbatch is made up of following component:
Above-mentioned insulant uses the one-step method of embodiment 3 to prepare insulant.
Claims (2)
1. a silver gray electric wire organosilane crosslinked polyethylene insulation material, it is characterised in that this insulant is by weight percentage
Meter is prepared by following component:
And catalyst masterbatch；
Described catalyst masterbatch is made up of following component:
A kind of silver gray electric wire organosilane crosslinked polyethylene insulation material the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that should
Insulant is prepared by following component by weight percentage:
And catalyst masterbatch；
Described catalyst masterbatch is made up of following component:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610543374.7A CN106009193A (en) | 2016-07-08 | 2016-07-08 | Silane crosslinked polyethylene insulating material for silver gray wires and cables and preparation method of insulating material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610543374.7A CN106009193A (en) | 2016-07-08 | 2016-07-08 | Silane crosslinked polyethylene insulating material for silver gray wires and cables and preparation method of insulating material |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106009193A true CN106009193A (en) | 2016-10-12 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610543374.7A Pending CN106009193A (en) | 2016-07-08 | 2016-07-08 | Silane crosslinked polyethylene insulating material for silver gray wires and cables and preparation method of insulating material |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101016395A (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2007-08-15 | 石明东 | Thermoplastic low-smoke halide-free fireproof composite polyolefine material and its preparation |
| CN101456986A (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2009-06-17 | 天津德昊超微新材料有限公司 | Special material for silane cross-linked polyethylene cable with ultrafine rigid particles and preparation technology thereof |
| CN101633754A (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2010-01-27 | 上海凯波特种电缆料厂有限公司 | Oil resistant type silane natural cross-linking low smoke halogen-free flame retardant polyolefin cable material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102746548A (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2012-10-24 | 安徽扬天塑业科技有限公司 | Water distillation-free rapid silane natural crosslinking polyethylene cable material and preparation method thereof |
-
2016
- 2016-07-08 CN CN201610543374.7A patent/CN106009193A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101016395A (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2007-08-15 | 石明东 | Thermoplastic low-smoke halide-free fireproof composite polyolefine material and its preparation |
| CN101456986A (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2009-06-17 | 天津德昊超微新材料有限公司 | Special material for silane cross-linked polyethylene cable with ultrafine rigid particles and preparation technology thereof |
| CN101633754A (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2010-01-27 | 上海凯波特种电缆料厂有限公司 | Oil resistant type silane natural cross-linking low smoke halogen-free flame retardant polyolefin cable material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102746548A (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2012-10-24 | 安徽扬天塑业科技有限公司 | Water distillation-free rapid silane natural crosslinking polyethylene cable material and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20161012 |
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