CN106006620A - Graphene oxide aerogel and graphene aerogel, as well as preparation methods and environmental application of graphene oxide aerogel and graphene aerogel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to graphene oxide and graphene airgel, their preparation method and environmental application. Graphene oxide (GO) and graphene (G) airgel are two types of carbon solids with a large number of pores and a sponge-like structure composed of GO and G basic units respectively; they have extremely low density, strong hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, and relatively Strong elasticity and fire resistance and other characteristics. The airgel preparation process includes: (1) preparation of graphite oxide precursor, (2) control of graphite oxide properties such as functional group type and quantity, dispersion, concentration, size structure, etc., (3) hydrothermal/solvothermal GO (or G ) solution, (4) after drying (drying and reduction) treatment, GO (or G) airgel with excellent performance can be obtained. The preparation process has strong operability and is easy to expand, and the prepared airgel has broad application prospects in the adsorption and removal of dyes and waste oils in wastewater.

Description

Graphene oxide and graphene airgel, preparation method and environmental application thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to high-efficiency functional materials, specifically graphene oxide and graphene airgel and their preparation methods and environmental applications. The two aerogels have broad application prospects in the fields of material chemistry, environment, electronics and energy. .

Background technique

Aerogel, also known as xerogel, is a gel obtained by reacting with a chemical solution to form a sol and then gel. Most of the solvent in the gel is removed, and the obtained space network structure is filled with gas, and the appearance is solid-like porous material with extremely low density (close to air density). Airgel has the properties of low density, high porosity, large specific surface area, low thermal conductivity and stable chemical properties. From these basic properties, other properties can be derived, such as heat insulation, sound insulation, shock resistance, hydrophilic/hydrophobic, etc. Airgel is divided into four categories, the first category is inorganic aerogels (oxides, fluorides, carbides, mixed oxides), the second category is organic aerogels (aldehydes, urea derivatives, polymers, carbon), the third type is hybrid aerogels (organic + inorganic), and the fourth type is composite aerogels (fiber-reinforced aerogels, other composite aerogels). Common aerogels are silica aerogel, carbon aerogel and silica aerogel. Graphene oxide and graphene aerogels are the latest developed aerogels, belonging to carbon aerogels.

Carbon is one of the most widely distributed elements in nature and the most important element that constitutes all life on earth. Organic polymer materials mainly composed of carbon, including plastics, rubber and fibers, have developed into one of the three main disciplines of materials science. And carbon itself, through different structures and combinations, can form a unique world of inorganic non-metallic materials. Carbon atoms can not only form single bonds with sp ³ hybrid orbitals, but also form stable double bonds and triple bonds with sp ² and sp hybrid orbitals. Therefore, in addition to carbon materials with various allotropes in nature, Scientists have also synthesized many carbon materials with completely different structures and properties through experiments, such as familiar diamond and graphite, and fullerene represented by C60, as well as carbon nanopowders, pipes, wires, etc. These carbon nanomaterials are always It is the focus of nanomaterials and nanoscience research. The recent discovery of graphene, a new type of carbon nanomaterial, and its potential applications have promoted the research and application of this type of new type of carbon nanomaterial. The characteristics of these new carbon materials can almost cover the properties of all substances on the earth and even two opposite properties, such as from the hardest to the softest, full light absorption-full light transmission, insulator-semiconductor-high conductor, heat insulation-good thermal conductivity, High ferromagnets, high critical temperature superconductors, etc. Therefore, as an important material, carbon materials are an important direction for the development of high-tech materials to carry out the research and industrial application of carbon materials, focusing on the research of new carbon nanomaterials based on graphene.

In 2004, Andre Heim and Konstantin Novoselov, physicists at the University of Manchester, UK, successfully separated graphene (GR) from graphite in experiments, confirming that graphene can exist stably. Only six years later, the two jointly won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics. It is very rare that there is only 6 years between the completion of a result and the Nobel Prize. Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) crystal in which carbon atoms are hybridized in sp2 orbitals to form a hexagonal honeycomb lattice, which can be regarded as the basic structure of all carbon nanomaterials. Graphene can be warped into zero-dimensional (0D) fullerene (fullerence); curled into one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotube (carbon nanotube, CNT) or stacked into three-dimensional (3D) graphite (graphite). Because graphene has a series of unique properties such as ultra-high strength and toughness, impermeability, airtightness, strong acid and alkali resistance, electrical conductivity and high transparency, many countries and research institutions have invested great interest in its research and development. Some scientists even predict that graphene will "completely change the 21st century".

Airgel is a precursor that reacts with a chemical solution to form a sol, and the sol is polymerized and gelled to obtain a gel, and most of the solvent in the sol can be removed by drying (usually supercritical drying and freeze drying) to obtain a space network structure and Solid aerogels filled with gas. Graphene oxide and graphene airgel use graphite oxide as a precursor, obtain a graphene oxide colloidal solution by ultrasonic dispersion, and obtain a gel through a hydrothermal/solvothermal process, and then obtain an aerogel after the gel is dried. Graphene oxide colloidal solution (type and quantity of functional groups, dispersion and concentration, size, structural integrity, etc.), hydrothermal/solvothermal process (solvent type, reaction conditions), drying process and subsequent treatment (reduction), etc. With detailed and systematic research, graphene oxides and graphene aerogels with excellent properties can be obtained. Airgel has a wide range of applications, including thermal fields, electrical fields, acoustic fields, optical fields, filtration and catalysis fields, adsorption fields, fractal characteristics, and capturing high-speed particles, etc. Taking thermal applications as an example, airgel plays an important role in the chemical industry , construction industry, petroleum industry, transportation industry, crude oil spills, aerospace, defense, shoes and other civilian industries are involved. Graphene oxide and graphene aerogels are also used in all walks of life, and their application in the environmental field has received great attention, especially in the adsorption and removal of pollutants. The potential for purifying the environment is unlimited, mainly due to Their three-dimensional porous structure contains numerous macropores, mesopores, mesopores, and micropores, which endow graphene oxide and graphene airgel with a huge specific surface area and pore volume, plus a huge The π-conjugated structure is undoubtedly the best choice as an adsorption material.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide graphene oxide and graphene airgel and preparation method thereof and environmental application. Graphene oxide (GO) and graphene (G) aerogels are two types of carbon solids with a large number of pores and a sponge-like structure composed of GO and G basic units, respectively. GO has a density of 0.3~2.0 mg/cm ³ , a contact angle of 30~80°, a pore size of 1 nm~5 μm, a porosity of 65~99%, a specific surface area of 100~1700 m ² /g and strong elasticity. and fire resistance; G density is 0.25~1.8 mg/cm ³ , contact angle is 95~150 °, pore diameter is 1 nm~3.5 μm, porosity is 80~99%, specific surface area is 300~2000 m ² /g and It has strong elasticity and fire resistance.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a controllable preparation method of the GO and G aerogels, the preparation method includes: (1) preparing graphite oxide precursor, (2) controlling the properties of graphite oxide such as the type and quantity of functional groups, and dispersibility , concentration, size structure, etc., (3) hydrothermal/solvothermal GO (or G) solution, (4) after drying (or drying and reduction) treatment, GO (or G) airgel with excellent performance can be obtained. The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical routes.

1. Preparation of graphite oxide:

The graphite oxide solution is synthesized by an improved Hummer method.

(1) Take 100~500 mL concentrated sulfuric acid, 1.0~5.0 g graphite powder and 5.0~30.0 g potassium permanganate and stir and disperse 0.5~3.0 g under ice water bath h.

(2) Keep the mixture obtained in step (1) at 25-50 °C for 1-12 h.

(3) Add 100-300 mL of deionized water to the product obtained in step (2), and when the reaction system cools down to 90-105 °C, add 2-10 mL of hydrogen peroxide dropwise until the reaction solution has no color change.

(4) Wash the product of step (3) with 250-1500 mL of hydrochloric acid solution with a volume fraction of 20%-50% and 1500-7500 mL of deionized water in sequence.

(5) Prepare the product obtained in the previous step to a concentration of 0.3~15 mg/mL graphite oxide aqueous solution. The obtained graphite oxide has abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, fewer fragments and relatively complete structure, with a size of 0.5-45 μm and excellent dispersibility.

2. Preparation of GO airgel:

After pre-oxidation and performance treatment of graphite, the GO airgel is preferably synthesized by two processes of solvothermal and freeze-drying.

(1) Take 2~30 mL of graphite oxide aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.3~15.0 mg/mL and add 0~118 mL of deionized water or ethanol or ethylene glycol, and perform a power of 40~200 on the newly prepared graphite oxide solution. W, frequency 8~40 KHZ ultrasonic dispersion 5~120 min to get GO colloidal solution.

(2) Transfer the GO colloidal solution obtained in step (1) to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reactor. In order to enhance the mechanical properties of the obtained graphene oxide airgel, 0.1~1.0 wt% The polymers (PEG, PAN and PVDF) were reacted at 100-200 °C for 6-24 h.

(3) The GO gel obtained in step (2) was repeatedly washed with deionized water for 6 to 24 times, and dried at a freezing temperature of -5 to -65 °C and a vacuum of 15 to 60,000 Pa for 1 to 72 h GO airgel can be obtained.

3. Preparation of G airgel:

After pre-oxidation and performance treatment of graphite, the G airgel is preferably synthesized through three processes of solvothermal, freeze-drying and reduction treatment.

(1) Take 2~30 mL of graphite oxide aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.3~15.0 mg/mL, use isopycnic differential centrifugation to replace the solvent water of graphite oxide aqueous solution with ethanol or ethylene glycol, and set the speed at 12000~18000 rpm, after the first centrifugation of the graphite oxide aqueous solution, ethanol or ethylene glycol was added each time to carry out high-speed centrifugation for 3 to 30 times to complete the replacement of water by ethanol or ethylene glycol to prepare the ethanol or ethylene glycol solution of graphite oxide, in order to obtain For G aerogels with different properties, a mixture of graphite oxide ethanol and water or a mixture of ethylene glycol and water can be prepared by adding 10-40 mL of deionized water to the ethanol or ethylene glycol solution of graphite oxide. The power of the newly prepared graphite oxide solution is 40~200 W, frequency 8~40 KHZ ultrasonic dispersion 5~120 min to get GO colloidal solution.

(2) Transfer the GO colloid solution obtained in step (1) to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reactor. In order to enhance the mechanical properties of the obtained G airgel and increase the degree of reduction, 0.1–1.0 wt. % of additives (1H,1H,2H,2H-full fudecyl mercaptan, dopamine, glucose, sucrose, etc.).

(3) Wash the graphene (oxide) gel obtained in step (2) repeatedly with deionized water for 6 to 24 times, at a freezing temperature of -5 to -65 ℃, drying under the condition of vacuum degree of 15-60000 Pa for 1-72 h can obtain graphene (oxide) airgel.

(4) The graphene (oxide) airgel obtained in step (3) is further reduced, and the treatment method includes 300~1000 ℃/h heating rate, 1600~2800 ℃ high temperature treatment for 30~240 min, 40~80 10~40% hydroiodic acid solution at ℃ for 3~24 After h, vacuum dry at 25~60°C for 12~48 h. Immerse in 10-25% ammonia solution at 40-80 °C for 3-24 h, then vacuum dry at 25-60 °C for 12-48 h and immerse in 0.5-5 g/L sodium borohydride solution for 3-24 h. After 25~60 h Vacuum drying at ℃ for 12-48 h.

The GO and G aerogels are used for adsorption and removal of pollutants in the environment.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages .

(1) The graphene oxide and graphene airgel of the present invention have excellent characteristics and performance, low density, high porosity (numerous interconnected macropores, mesopores, mesopores and micropores), large specific Surface, low thermal conductivity, adjustable contact angle, and stable chemical properties, etc., are derived from these basic properties for heat insulation, sound insulation, shock resistance, hydrophilic/hydrophobic, electrical conductivity, elasticity, and fire resistance.

(2) The graphene oxide and graphene airgel preparation method system provided by the present invention is simple in process and easy to expand. The preparation of airgel uses graphite oxide as a precursor, by controlling the properties of graphite oxide (type and quantity of functional groups, dispersion and concentration, size, structural integrity, etc.), hydrothermal/solvothermal process (solvent type, reaction conditions) , drying process and subsequent treatment (reduction), graphene oxide and graphene airgel with specific morphology, size and excellent properties can be obtained.

(3) The graphene oxide and graphene airgel provided by the present invention are three-dimensional carbon materials with large pore volume and specific surface area, so these two types of airgel can be used as excellent adsorption materials in environmental purification, and can Reusable and high regeneration performance, economical and environmentally friendly. Due to its superior electrical conductivity, graphene airgel has great application potential in the field of electronics. In addition, graphene oxide and graphene aerogel with excellent characteristics and performance have application prospects in the fields of materials, chemistry, and energy. Also very expansive.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is the macroscopic morphology of graphite oxide powder.

Fig. 2 is the macroscopic morphology of the graphene oxide airgel 1 prepared in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the macroscopic morphology of the graphene oxide airgel 2 prepared in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the elasticity test experiment of the graphene oxide airgel 3 prepared by the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the water contact angle test experiment of the graphene oxide airgel 4 prepared by the present invention.

Fig. 6 is an effect diagram of adsorption of rhodamine B by graphene oxide airgel 5 prepared in the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the macroscopic morphology of the graphene airgel 1 prepared in the present invention.

Fig. 8 is the macroscopic morphology of the graphene airgel 2 prepared in the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a flame test experiment of the graphene airgel 3 prepared by the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a test experiment of the water contact angle of the graphene airgel 4 prepared by the present invention.

Fig. 11 is an effect diagram of graphene airgel 5 prepared by the present invention adsorbing refinery waste oil.

Fig. 12 is the macroscopic morphology of the graphene airgel 6 prepared by the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the content described.

Embodiment 1 :

Graphite oxide is prepared according to the synthesis method proposed by the present invention.

Stir and disperse 105 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, 1.0 g of graphite and 6.5 g of potassium permanganate in an ice-water bath for 2.0 h; then transfer the mixture to an oil bath and keep it at 36 °C for 5 h; Transfer it from the oil bath and quickly add 300 mL of deionized water. Stir vigorously while adding. When the reaction system cools down to 98 °C, add 5.0 mL of hydrogen peroxide drop by drop until the reaction solution has no color change and gas generation; Wash the sample with 300 mL of 20% hydrochloric acid solution and 4500 mL of deionized water to neutrality, and prepare graphite oxide at a concentration of 0.3-15 mg/mL graphite oxide aqueous solution. The prepared graphite oxide has abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, less fragments and relatively complete structure, with a size of 0.5-45 μm and excellent dispersion. An appropriate amount of graphite oxide aqueous solution was vacuum-dried at 40 °C for 60 h to obtain graphite oxide powder as shown in Figure 1.

Example 2 :

Graphene oxide airgel 1 was prepared according to the synthesis method proposed in the present invention.

Measure 30 mL of graphite oxide (0.5-3 μm in size) aqueous solution with a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL and perform ultrasonic dispersion with a power of 200 W and a frequency of 40 KHZ for 40 min to obtain a colloidal solution of graphene oxide; The colloid solution was transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reactor, and reacted at 180 °C for 12 h; the graphene oxide gel obtained by the hydrothermal reaction was washed 12 times with deionized water, and the freezing temperature was -55 °C. , and dried for 24 h under the condition of vacuum degree of 1000 Pa to obtain graphene oxide airgel 1 with a specific surface area of 299 m ² /g, and the macroscopic morphology is shown in Fig. 2 .

Example 3 :

Graphene oxide airgel 2 was prepared according to the synthesis method proposed in the present invention.

Measure 20 mL of graphite oxide (0.5-3 μm in size) aqueous solution with a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL and add 10 mL of ethanol to prepare a mixed solution of graphite oxide ethanol and water, and perform ultrasonic dispersion at 200 W and 40 KHZ for 30 min to obtain Colloidal solution of graphene oxide; transfer the graphene oxide colloidal solution to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reactor and react at 170 °C for 15 h; After washing with water for 24 times, drying for 20 h at a freezing temperature of -60 °C and a vacuum of 1000 Pa to obtain graphene oxide airgel 2, the density of graphene oxide airgel 2 was determined to be 0.95 mg/cm ³ , and its macroscopic morphology is shown in Fig. 3 .

Example 4 :

Graphene oxide airgel 3 was prepared according to the synthesis method proposed in the present invention.

Measure 10 mL of graphite oxide (30-45 μm in size) aqueous solution with a concentration of 3.0 mg/mL and add 20 mL of ethylene glycol to prepare a mixed solution of graphite oxide ethylene glycol and water. The power is 80 W and the frequency is 16 KHZ ultrasonic dispersion for 10 min to obtain a colloidal solution of graphene oxide; transfer the graphene oxide colloidal solution to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reactor, add 0.5% PEG to the reactor, and react at 180 °C for 24 h ; The graphene oxide gel obtained by the solvothermal reaction was washed 24 times with deionized water, and dried for 48 h at a freezing temperature of -65 °C and a vacuum of 5000 Pa to obtain graphene oxide airgel 3, The elastic test experiment of graphene oxide airgel 3 is shown in Figure 4.

Embodiment 5 :

Graphene oxide airgel 4 was prepared according to the synthesis method proposed in the present invention.

Compared with Example 2, this example is exactly the same as Example 2 except for changing the concentration of graphite oxide (1.5 mg/mL). The obtained graphene oxide airgel 4 has a contact angle of 46° (Fig. 5).

Embodiment 6 :

Graphene oxide airgel 5 was prepared according to the synthesis method proposed in the present invention.

Compared with Example 4, this example is identical to Example 4 except that the mixed solution of graphite oxide ethylene glycol and water is changed to an aqueous solution of graphite oxide. The prepared graphene oxide airgel 5 (mass 27 mg) was used as a filter element to make a filter column, and a 10 mg/L Rhodamine B solution was prepared, and 10 mL of Rhodamine B solution was injected into the filter column, and the solution was The removal rate of rhodamine B in the five cycles was 100% (Fig. 6).

Embodiment 7 :

Graphene airgel 1 was prepared according to the synthesis method proposed in the present invention.

Measure 2 mL of graphite oxide (30-45 μm in size) aqueous solution with a concentration of 15.0 mg/mL, and use isopycnic differential centrifugation to replace the solvent water of the graphite oxide aqueous solution with ethanol, with the speed set at 18,000 rpm. After the graphite oxide aqueous solution was centrifuged for the first time, ethanol was added each time for high-speed centrifugation 20 times to complete the replacement of ethanol with water. Prepare graphite oxide ethanol solution (constant volume to 30 mL), and stir and disperse the newly prepared graphite oxide ethanol solution for 2 h. The power is 80 W and the frequency is 16 KHZ ultrasonic dispersion for 10 min to obtain the graphene oxide colloid ethanol solution; the graphene oxide colloid ethanol solution is transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene lined reactor, and 0.5% 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-full fudecyl mercaptan and 0.5% dopamine were reacted at 180 °C for 12 h; the graphene (oxide) gel obtained by the solvothermal reaction was washed 12 times with deionized water repeatedly, Graphene (oxide) airgel 1 was obtained by drying at a freezing temperature of -60 °C and a vacuum of 1000 Pa for 36 h; the prepared graphene (oxide) airgel was further heated at 900 °C The graphene airgel 1 can be obtained by heating at a heating rate of 1600 °C for 120 min at a heating rate of 1600 °C. Its specific surface area is 341 m ² /g, and its macroscopic morphology is shown in Figure 7.

Embodiment 8 :

Graphene airgel 2 was prepared according to the synthesis method proposed in the present invention.

Measure 10 mL of graphite oxide (10-20 μm in size) aqueous solution with a concentration of 2.7 mg/mL and add 20 mL of ethanol to prepare graphite oxide ethanol and water mixed solution, stir and disperse the newly prepared graphite oxide ethanol and water mixed solution for 1 After h, the power is 100 W, the frequency is 20 KHZ ultrasonic dispersion for 20 min to obtain the ethanol and water mixed solution of graphene oxide colloid; the ethanol and water mixed solution of graphene oxide colloid is transferred to the liner polytetrafluoroethylene reaction Add 1% sucrose to the reactor and react at 160 °C for 24 h; wash the graphene (oxide) gel obtained by the solvothermal reaction with deionized water for 24 times, and freeze it at -58 ℃, dried at a vacuum of 100 Pa for 24 h to obtain graphene (oxide) airgel 2; the prepared graphene (oxide) aerogel was further immersed in 25% ammonia solution at 80 °C for 3 h Afterwards, the graphene airgel 2 was obtained by vacuum drying at 40°C for 24 hours. The density of the graphene airgel 2 was determined to be 0.83 mg/cm ³ , and its macroscopic morphology is shown in Figure 8.

Embodiment 9 :

Graphene oxide airgel 3 was prepared according to the synthesis method proposed in the present invention.

Compared with Example 7 in this example, except that the reduction treatment method of the graphene (oxide) airgel was changed to immerse in 40% hydroiodic acid solution at 80 °C for 8 h and then vacuum-dried at 50 °C for 48 h. , others are identical with embodiment 7. The fire resistance test experiment of graphene airgel 3 is shown in Figure 9.

Embodiment 10 :

Graphene oxide airgel 4 was prepared according to the synthesis method proposed in the present invention.

Measure 20 mL of graphite oxide (30-45 μm in size) aqueous solution with a concentration of 1.75 mg/mL, and use isopycnic differential centrifugation to replace the solvent water of graphite oxide aqueous solution with ethylene glycol, and set the speed at 16000 rpm After the graphite oxide aqueous solution was centrifuged for the first time, ethylene glycol was added for high-speed centrifugation 20 times each time to complete the replacement of ethanol with water to prepare graphite oxide ethylene glycol solution (fixed volume to 35 mL), and the newly prepared graphite oxide ethylene glycol solution was After the alcohol solution was stirred and dispersed for 2 hours, ultrasonic dispersion was performed at a power of 80 W and a frequency of 16 KHZ for 10 minutes to obtain a graphene oxide colloidal glycol solution; the graphene oxide colloidal glycol solution was transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined In the reaction kettle, add 1% glucose to the reaction kettle and react at 190 °C for 15 h; wash the graphene (oxide) gel obtained by the solvothermal reaction with deionized water for 12 times, and freeze it at - Graphene (oxide) aerogel 4 was obtained by drying at 58 °C and a vacuum of 1500 Pa for 48 h; the prepared graphene (oxide) aerogel was further impregnated in 1 g/L sodium borohydride solution After 5 h, it was dried under vacuum at 50 °C for 36 h. The contact angle of the obtained graphene airgel 4 is 122° (Fig. 10).

Embodiment 11 :

Graphene oxide airgel 5 was prepared according to the synthesis method proposed in the present invention.

Compared with Example 7, this example is exactly the same as Example 7 except that the graphite oxide aqueous solution is changed to 10 mL graphite oxide (30-45 μm in size) aqueous solution with a concentration of 2.7 mg/mL. The prepared graphene airgel 5 was used as an adsorbent to adsorb waste oil from refineries. The adsorption capacity was 106 g/g, and the adsorption capacity after 5 cycles was 103 g/g (Fig. 11).

Embodiment 12 :

Graphene oxide airgel 6 was prepared according to the synthesis method proposed in the present invention.

Compared with Example 7, this example is exactly the same as Example 7 except that the amount of the graphite oxide aqueous solution is increased to 4 times that of Example 7 (solvothermal reaction solvent volume is 120 mL). The macroscopic morphology of the prepared graphene airgel 6 is shown in FIG. 12 .

Claims (9)

1. graphene oxide (GO) and Graphene (G) aeroge and preparation method thereof and environmental applications, prepared aeroge is the carbon solid that two classes that GO with G elementary cell is constituted have a large amount of hole, similar spongiosis respectively, its preparation method includes: (1) prepares graphite oxide presoma, (2) graphite oxide character such as functional group's kind and quantity, dispersibility, concentration, dimensional structure etc. are controlled, (3) hot GO(or G of hydrothermal/solvent) solution, (4) after being dried (or being dried and reduction) process, GO(or G that i.e. availability is excellent) aeroge.

2. GO and the G aeroge described in claim 1, its preparation method is characterised by: graphite oxide solution used is the Hummer method synthesis to improve, the graphite oxide solution concentration of ultrasonic wave added preparation is 0.3 ~ 15 mg/mL, and its ultrasonic power, frequency and time are respectively 40 ~ 200 W, 8 ~ 40 KHZ and 5 ~ 120 min.

3. GO and the G aeroge described in claim 1, its preparation method is characterised by: the hot temperature and time of GO and G aeroge solvent/water is 100 ~ 200 respectively DEG C and 6 ~ 24 h, solvent/water hot afterproduct deionized water all washs 6 ~ 24 times；Lyophilization temperature, vacuum and time are-5 ~-65 DEG C, 15 ~ 60000 Pa and 1 ~ 72 h respectively.

4. the GO aeroge described in claim 1, its preparation method is characterised by: solution used is graphite oxide aqueous solution, the ethanol mixed liquor (ethanol is 0.02 ~ 2 with the volume ratio of water) with water or the mixed liquor (ethylene glycol is 0.02 ~ 2 with the volume ratio of water) of ethylene glycol and water；During GO solvent thermal, high polymer PEG, PAN and PVDF addition is 0.1 ~ 1.0 wt%.

5. the GO aeroge described in claim 4, it is characterised in that: described GO aeroge density is 0.3 ~ 2.0 mg/cm³, contact angle 30 ~ 80 °, aperture be 1 nm ~ 5 μm, porosity be 65 ~ 99%, specific surface area be 100 ~ 1700 m²/ g, GO aeroge has stronger elasticity and fire line.

6. the G aeroge described in claim 1, its preparation method is characterised by: solution used is graphite oxide ethanol solution, ethylene glycol solution, the ethanol mixed liquor (ethanol is 2 ~ 14 with the volume ratio of water) with water or the mixed liquor (ethylene glycol is 2 ~ 14 with the volume ratio of water) of ethylene glycol and water；1H in G solvent thermal process, 1H, 2H, 2H-the most not certain herbaceous plants with big flowers base mercaptan, dopamine, glucose, sucrose additive addition are 0.1 ~ 1.0 wt%；G aeroge method of reducing includes: 1) under argon shield gas 1600 ~ 2800 High-temperature process 30 ~ 240 at DEG C 300 ~ 1000 DEG C/h of min(heating rate), 2) volume ratio of 40 ~ 80 DEG C be 10 ~ 40% hydroiodic acid solution in impregnate 3 ~ 24 h, 3) volume ratio of 40 ~ 80 DEG C be 10 ~ 25% ammonia spirit in impregnate 3 ~ 24 h, or 4) sodium borohydride solution of 0.5 ~ 5 g/L impregnates under room temperature 3 ~ 24 h.

7. the G aeroge described in claim 6, it is characterised in that: described G aeroge density is 0.25 ~ 1.8 mg/cm³, contact angle 95 ~ 150 °, aperture be 1 nm ~ 3.5 μm, porosity be 80 ~ 99%, specific surface area be 300 ~ 2000 m²/ g, G aeroge has stronger elasticity and fire line.

8. the GO aeroge described in claim 1, it is characterised by environmental applications: prepared GO aeroge is used for Adsorption hydrophilic pollutant, and with prepared GO aeroge, (quality is 10 ~ 60 Mg) processing the rhodamine B solution that 5 ~ 50 mL concentration are 1 ~ 50 mg/L, rhodamine B can be by complete Adsorption；After circulating 10 times, rhodamine B clearance is still 100%.

9. the G aeroge described in claim 1, it is characterised by environmental applications: prepared G aeroge is used for Adsorption hydrophobic contaminant, and with prepared G aeroge, (quality is 10 ~ 60 Mg) adsorbing waste oil liquid in oil plant, its adsorption capacity is up to 80 g/g；After circulating 10 times, its adsorption capacity ＞ 60 g/g.