CN106002103A - Forming method for iron-based high-temperature alloy distributing ring - Google Patents
Forming method for iron-based high-temperature alloy distributing ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN106002103A CN106002103A CN201610458296.0A CN201610458296A CN106002103A CN 106002103 A CN106002103 A CN 106002103A CN 201610458296 A CN201610458296 A CN 201610458296A CN 106002103 A CN106002103 A CN 106002103A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forming method for an iron-based high-temperature alloy distributing ring. The forming method comprises the steps that a distributing ring is equally divided into N parts to form N distributing ring units, and each distributing ring unit comprises a circular ring arc-shaped pipe and distributing connectors; the circular ring arc-shaped pipes and the distributing connectors are machined; the distributing connectors are welded to the circular ring arc-shaped pipes to form the distributing ring units; the welded distributing ring units are sequentially subjected to X-ray flaw detection and stress relief annealing treatment; the N distributing ring units are subjected to butt welding to form a distributing ring blank; and after the distributing ring blank is sequentially subjected to X-ray flaw detection and stress relief annealing treatment, the iron-based high-temperature alloy distributing ring is formed. The pressure-bearing capacity of the distributing ring formed by welding the N circular ring arc-shaped pipes is high, a water pressure strength test is conducted with the pressure which is 1.5 times of the working pressure, and leakage and abnormal deformation are avoided; and in addition, the formed distributing ring is good in anti-fatigue performance and formed appearance quality, fatigue tests are conducted for 5000 times according to the working pressure, and abnormal deformation and breakage do not occur.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the manufacture field of solid-rocket appearance control dynamical system high-temperature high-pressure height combustion gas flow splitter, be specifically related to the forming method of a kind of iron-base superalloy flow splitter.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of space flight defence technology, the property the most depot, non-maintaining of aerocraft system, fast-response, safety non-toxic etc. require more and more higher.Liquid appearance control dynamical system propellant is poisonous, use front filling, storage period short etc. constrains the serviceability of change system, substitutes liquid appearance control according to solid appearance control, will be greatly promoted the serviceability of change system.It addition, liquid appearance control power system architecture is complicated, expensive, using solid appearance control to substitute liquid appearance control is also one of direction reducing cost.Solid appearance control dynamical system provides pitching, driftage, rolling, speed to repair appearance control power for aircraft.Solid appearance control dynamical system uses solid gas propellant to be working medium source, produces high-temperature fuel gas by the burning of solid gas propellant, and high-temperature fuel gas produces appearance control power by thruster (electromagnetic valve and the assembly of jet pipe).
Solid appearance control dynamical system is sealed structure etc. formed by pack boronitriding, check valve, High Temperature High Pressure gas cylinder, air relief valve, flow splitter, thruster, relief valve, pipeline, connection.Flow splitter agent structure is the hollow ring that a thin-walled is not more than 3mm, and annulus curved pipe is the part constituting flow splitter hollow ring.Flow splitter operationally to bear the high temperature of more than 900 DEG C, the high pressure of more than 5MPa, and stream time is more than 360S, and service life requires more than 2000 times.A gas inlet joint and multiple gas outlet joint is had on hollow ring.In order to make flow splitter keep elevated temperature strength and lasting fatigue performance, use elevated temperature strength extra high GH1131 iron-base superalloy, at the Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperatures of 900 DEG C up to 260MPa.
Titanium alloy etc. have the traditional processing method of superplastic thin-walled hollow annulus at present is to use two semicircular ring superplastic formations and diffusion connection method.But, iron-base superalloy does not has superplasticity, and, connecting (or welding) face and be subject to the position that stress is maximum, fatigue resistance is poor.
It addition, the traditional processing method of hollow ring can also use butt welding after hollow straight pipe bending.But, for the iron-base superalloy hollow straight pipe of minor diameter thin wall, traditional poling technology cannot realize；And, have after traditional straight tube bending that outer wall tension is thinning and inwall pressurized thickens the shortcoming causing wall unevenness even.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is aiming at above-mentioned deficiency, the forming method of the iron-base superalloy flow splitter that a kind of bearing capacity is strong, anti-fatigue performance good and reliability is high is provided, overcome that iron-base superalloy uses tradition semi-ring butt welding fatigue resistance is poor, tradition poling technology cannot be used to process, and outer wall tension after endoporus and traditional straight tube bending is thinning and inwall pressurized thickens the shortcoming causing wall unevenness even, solves a processing difficult problem for solid appearance control dynamical system flow splitter.
For achieving the above object, the forming method of iron-base superalloy flow splitter involved in the present invention, comprise the steps:
1) flow splitter being divided into N part and forms N number of flow splitter unit, each flow splitter unit includes that annulus curved pipe and tap, 2≤N≤6 and N are natural number；Set D as the internal diameter of annulus curved pipe, d as the external diameter of annulus curved pipe, t as the wall thickness of annulus curved pipe, R as the center radius of annulus curved pipe；
2) have and the tap installing hole to welding on processing annulus curved pipe and tap, and annulus curved pipe；
3) tap is welded with annulus curved pipe formation flow splitter unit；
4) flow splitter unit welding completed carries out x-ray inspection successively and stress relief annealing processes；
5) will be through step 4) N number of flow splitter unit of making annealing treatment forms flow splitter blank to welding；
6) iron-base superalloy flow splitter is formed after flow splitter blank is carried out successively x-ray inspection and stress relief annealing process.
Further, described step 2) in, the detailed process of annulus curved pipe processing is as follows:
21) processing straight tube blank, length L=2R π/N+A, diameter of bore D1=D/B, wall thickness t1={ [(D+2t)2-D2+D1 2]1/2-D}/2, wherein: A value 20～30mm, B value 1.1～1.5；
22) bulging bending composite molding, use room temperature forming technique that straight tube blank is put into molding in mould, wherein: the core of mould includes core cylindrical section, core correction arc section and connects core cylindrical section and the core changeover portion of core correction arc section, core cylindrical section diameter d1Less than straight tube blank diameter of bore D1, core correction arc section diameter d2=D+ Δ, Δ is the elastic elongation amount of straight tube blank diameter of bore, and the center radius of core correction arc section is R, and core changeover portion diameter is from d1It is incremented to d continuously2；
Straight tube blank is nested with on the core cylindrical section of core, core is fixed in mould, promote straight tube blank to make straight tube blank skid off core cylindrical section, and push away previous forming part when using later straight tube blank molding until the method that previous forming part skids off from core forms annulus curved pipe blank；
23) annulus curved pipe blank is carried out hidden lino removal；
24) to through step 23) the annulus curved pipe blank that processes carries out diametric(al) shaping and thickness direction shaping obtains required annulus curved pipe.
Further, described step 22) in, core cylindrical section diameter d1Than straight tube blank diameter of bore D1Little 0.1～0.2mm；Core correction arc section length L1=20～30mm, core changeover portion center of circle angle beta is 35 °～45 °；And the formation speed of straight tube blank formation annulus curved pipe blank is 20～60mm/min.
Further, described step 23) in, the detailed process of hidden lino removal is: being placed by annulus curved pipe blank and carry out solution treatment in a vacuum furnace, its heating-up temperature is 980～1020 DEG C, temperature retention time is 30～50min, goes out vacuum drying oven air cooling to room temperature after being cooled to less than 300 DEG C.
Further, described step 2) in, the diameter D of installing hole on annulus curved pipe2=(0.6～0.8) × d, and annulus curved pipe two ends butt welding end face leaves the allowance for finish of 3～5mm, the wall thickness t error of annulus curved pipe less than 0.1mm, flatness error less than 0.3mm.
Further, described step 2) in, tap is saddle type interface with annulus curved pipe welding position, to increase bonding area, improves weld strength and welding quality, saddle row interface diameter d1Become matched in clearance less than annulus curved pipe installing hole diameter D-shaped, and fit clearance is less than 0.2mm.
Further; described step 3) and described step 5) in; all use manual argon protection welding during to welding, in order to avoid iron-base superalloy welding produces cold crack and fire check, and all use weld preheating, control heat input during welding and the measure of postheating.
Further, the temperature of described weld preheating is 260～300 DEG C, and to welding current 40～60A, weldingvoltage 10～12V during welding, postwelding uses asbestos gloves or the parcel welding position slow cooling of asbestos strap.
Further, described step 4) in, tap carries out x-ray inspection in 2～4 hours weld formation flow splitter unit with annulus curved pipe after, carries out stress relief annealing process after x-ray inspection is qualified in 2～4 hours；Described step 6) in, N number of flow splitter unit carries out x-ray inspection in 2～4 hours after welding is formed flow splitter blank, carries out stress relief annealing process after x-ray inspection is qualified in 2～4 hours；Described step 4) and described step 6) in, all use vacuum drying oven to carry out stress relief annealing, heating-up temperature is 780～800 DEG C, temperature retention time is 60～90min, be cooled to less than 300 DEG C after come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
Further, described step 5) in, welding end surface is processed by N number of flow splitter unit by each flow splitter unit to before welding, it is ensured that the error of perpendicularity is not more than 6.3 μm less than 0.1mm, surface roughness Ra value.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the advantages that
Previous forming part is pushed away until the method that skids off from core of previous forming part when 1, using later straight tube blank molding, molded appearance quality is good, without problems such as cracking, wrinkling, scuffings, annulus curved pipe part wall thickness uniform in shaping, overcomes that iron-base superalloy uses tradition semi-ring butt welding fatigue resistance is poor, tradition poling technology cannot be used to process, and outer wall tension after endoporus and traditional straight tube bending is thinning and inwall pressurized thickens the shortcoming causing wall unevenness even；
2, the flow splitter bearing capacity formed by the welding of N number of annulus curved pipe is strong, carries out water pressure test for strength, No leakage, deformation without exception according to 1.5 times of pressure of operating pressure；
3, the good molded appearance quality of flow splitter anti-fatigue performance formed by the welding of N number of annulus curved pipe is good, has carried out 5000 fatigue test deformation and failures without exception according to operating pressure；
4, forming method of the present invention is applicable not only to the processing of solid appearance control dynamical system flow splitter hollow ring part, is also applied for the processing of other similar products.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is annulus curved pipe schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is tap schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is straight tube blank schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is embodiment of the present invention core mould structural representation；
Fig. 5 is annulus curved pipe forming process schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is flow splitter cellular construction schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is flow splitter structural representation in the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: annulus curved pipe 1, straight tube blank 2, core 3 (wherein: core cylindrical section 3.1, core changeover portion 3.2, core correction arc section 3.3), locking pin 4, push pedal 5, pedestal 6, hydraulic cylinder 7, installing hole 8, tap 9, flow splitter unit 10, saddle type interface 11.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is simple to more clearly understand the present invention, but they do not constitute restriction to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
For certain model solid engines posture control system iron-base superalloy flow splitter, flow splitter center radius R is 205mm, internal diameter D=40mm, wall thickness t=1.5mm, outside diameter d=43mm；The forming method of its iron-base superalloy flow splitter comprises the steps:
1) iron-base superalloy flow splitter is divided into four parts and forms four flow splitter unit 10, each flow splitter unit includes annulus curved pipe 1 and tap 9, i.e. annulus curved pipe center radius R be 205mm, internal diameter D=40mm, wall thickness t=1.5mm, outside diameter d=43mm, as shown in Figure 1.
2) processing annulus curved pipe 1 and tap 9, annulus curved pipe 1 has and the tap 9 installing hole 8 to welding, the diameter D of this installing hole 82=0.6 × d；And annulus curved pipe two ends butt welding end face leaves the allowance for finish of 3mm, the wall thickness t error of annulus curved pipe is less than 0.3mm less than 0.1mm, flatness error.
The detailed process of annulus curved pipe processing is as follows:
21) processing straight tube blank 2, straight tube blank 2 uses pole to process, as it is shown on figure 3, length L=2R π/4+20mm=342mm, diameter of bore D1=D/1.25=32mm, wall thickness t1={ [(D+2t)2-D2+D1 2]1/2-D}/2=1.83mm (, constancy of volume constant according to length and the mathematical model of area equation, and according to the engineering calculation formulas simplified), in order to ensure that molding is good, control straight tube blank wall thickness t1Deviation is less than 0.1mm.
22) bulging bending composite molding, uses room temperature forming technique that straight tube blank is put into molding in mould.Wherein: the core 3 of mould includes core cylindrical section 3.1, core correction arc section 3.3 and connects core cylindrical section 3.1 and the core changeover portion 3.2 of core correction arc section 3.3, the present embodiment core mould 3 uses unimach, and its hardness is 46～50HRC, surface roughness Ra value is not more than 1.6 μm.As shown in Figure 4, core cylindrical section 3.1 diameter d1Than straight tube blank diameter of bore D1Little 0.1mm, to ensure that shaping resistance is less；Core correction arc section 3.3 diameter d2=D+ Δ=0.02mm, core correction arc section 3.3 length L1=20mm, and the center radius of core correction arc section 3.3 are R；Core changeover portion 3.2 diameter is from d1It is incremented to d continuously2, and core changeover portion 3.2 center of circle angle beta is 35 °.
In order to ensure bulging bending composite molding time core rigidity, shorten core cylindrical section length, previous forming part is pushed away until the method that skids off from core of previous forming part when using later straight tube blank molding, it is specially when after previous forming parts, unload core, overlap next straight tube blank at the core cylindrical section of core, core is installed, then release core when carrying out the molding of next straight tube blank and by previous forming part.
Meanwhile, smooth in order to ensure bulging bending composite molding, before suit straight tube blank, it is coated with conventional graphite lithium saponify lubrication on the surface of core, to reduce shaping resistance；Then by step 1) in straight tube blank be nested with on the core cylindrical section of core, shown in Fig. 5, one end of core cylindrical section 3.1 is fixed on the pedestal 6 of mould through the front end of mould push pedal 5 by locking pin 4, thus core 3 is fixed in mould, push pedal 5 rear end connects hydraulic cylinder 7, and the stroke L2 of push pedal 5 is more than straight tube blank 2 length L.The piston of hydraulic cylinder 7 promotes push pedal 5, push pedal 5 promotes straight tube blank 2 to make straight tube blank 2 skid off core cylindrical section 3.1, unclamp locking pin 4, unload core 3, next straight tube blank 2 on core cylindrical section 3.1 set, core 3 is installed, tighten locking pin 4, when carrying out next straight tube blank 2 molding, previous forming part is corrected arc section 3.3 along core changeover portion 3.2 and core successively and skid off formation annulus curved pipe blank, and it is good in order to ensure bulging bending composite molding, resistance of deformation is less, and shaping speed is 30mm/min.
23) annulus curved pipe blank is carried out hidden lino removal, in order to eliminate the distortional stress that the bending composite molding of room temperature bulging produces, annulus curved pipe blank is placed and carries out solution treatment in a vacuum furnace, its heating-up temperature is 980 DEG C, temperature retention time is 30min, goes out vacuum drying oven air cooling to room temperature after being cooled to less than 300 DEG C；
24) to through step 23) the annulus curved pipe blank that processes carries out diametric(al) shaping and thickness direction shaping, and detailed process is as follows:
By through step 23) the annulus curved pipe blank that processes puts into and carries out diametric(al) shaping in diameter shaping mould, use vacuum hotpressing machine heating and pressurization, diameter reshaping temperature is 780 DEG C, temperature retention time is 40min, and air cooling of coming out of the stove after being cooled to less than 300 DEG C is to room temperature；Annulus curved pipe blank through diametric(al) shaping is put into and is carried out short transverse shaping in thickness shaping mould, use vacuum hotpressing machine heating and pressurization, thickness reshaping temperature is 780 DEG C, temperature retention time is 40min, and air cooling to room temperature of coming out of the stove after being cooled to less than 300 DEG C obtains required annulus curved pipe.
It addition, be saddle type interface 11 with annulus curved pipe welding position on tap, as in figure 2 it is shown, to increase bonding area, improve weld strength and welding quality, saddle row interface 11 diameter d1Become matched in clearance less than annulus curved pipe installing hole diameter D-shaped, and fit clearance is less than 0.2mm.
3) tap 9 is welded with annulus curved pipe 1 formation flow splitter unit 10; as shown in Figure 6; manual argon protection welding is all used during to welding; in order to avoid iron-base superalloy welding produces cold crack and fire check, and all use weld preheating, control heat input little during welding and the measure of postheating；Concrete measure is: the temperature of weld preheating is 260 DEG C, and to welding current 40A, weldingvoltage 10V during welding, postwelding uses asbestos gloves or the parcel welding position slow cooling of asbestos strap.
4) the flow splitter unit 10 welding completed carried out x-ray inspection in 4 hours, and x-ray inspection carries out stress relief annealing process in qualified latter 4 hours；The detailed process that stress relief annealing processes is: use vacuum drying oven to carry out stress relief annealing, heating-up temperature is 780 DEG C, temperature retention time is 60min, be cooled to less than 300 DEG C after come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
5) will be through step 4) four flow splitter unit making annealing treatment carry out processing welding end surface respectively, it is ensured that and the error of perpendicularity is not more than 6.3 μm less than 0.1mm, surface roughness Ra value, then welding is formed flow splitter blank；All use manual argon protection welding during to welding, in order to avoid iron-base superalloy welding produces cold crack and fire check, and all use weld preheating, control heat input during welding and the measure of postheating；Concrete measure is: the temperature of weld preheating is 260 DEG C, and to welding current 40A, weldingvoltage 10V during welding, postwelding uses asbestos gloves or the parcel welding position slow cooling of asbestos strap.
6) flow splitter blank carrying out in 4 hours x-ray inspection, x-ray inspection carries out stress relief annealing process and forms iron-base superalloy flow splitter in qualified latter 4 hours, as shown in Figure 7；The detailed process that stress relief annealing processes is: use vacuum drying oven to carry out stress relief annealing, heating-up temperature is 780 DEG C, temperature retention time is 60min, be cooled to less than 300 DEG C after come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
7) by step 6) in the iron-base superalloy flow splitter that obtains carry out water pressure test for strength according to 1.5 times of pressure of operating pressure, observe outward appearance whether No leakage, deformation without exception；If qualified, iron-base superalloy flow splitter put into according to operating pressure water carries out air seal test, observe outward appearance whether No leakage bubble.
Embodiment 2
For certain model solid engines posture control system iron-base superalloy flow splitter, flow splitter center radius R is 205mm, internal diameter D=40mm, wall thickness t=1.5mm, outside diameter d=43mm；The forming method of its iron-base superalloy flow splitter comprises the steps:
1) iron-base superalloy flow splitter is divided into three parts and forms three flow splitter unit, each flow splitter unit include annulus curved pipe and tap, i.e. annulus curved pipe center radius R be 205mm, internal diameter D=40mm, wall thickness t=1.5mm, outside diameter d=43mm.
2) processing annulus curved pipe and tap, annulus curved pipe has and the tap installing hole to welding, the diameter D of this installing hole2=0.8 × d；And annulus curved pipe two ends butt welding end face leaves the allowance for finish of 5mm, the wall thickness t error of annulus curved pipe is less than 0.3mm less than 0.1mm, flatness error.
The detailed process of annulus curved pipe processing is as follows:
21) processing straight tube blank, straight tube blank uses pole processing, length L=2R π/4+20mm=449mm, diameter of bore D1=D/1.25=32mm, wall thickness t1={ [(D+2t)2-D2+D1 2]1/2-D}/2=1.83mm (, constancy of volume constant according to length and the mathematical model of area equation, and according to the engineering calculation formulas simplified), in order to ensure that molding is good, control straight tube blank wall thickness t1Deviation is less than 0.1mm.
22) bulging bending composite molding, uses room temperature forming technique that straight tube blank is put into molding in mould.Wherein: the core of mould includes core cylindrical section, core correction arc section and connects core cylindrical section and the core changeover portion of core correction arc section, the present embodiment core mould uses unimach, and its hardness is 46～50HRC, surface roughness Ra value is not more than 1.6 μm.Core cylindrical section diameter d1Than straight tube blank diameter of bore D1Little 0.1mm, to ensure that shaping resistance is less；Core correction arc section diameter d2=D+ Δ=0.02mm, core correction arc section length L1=20mm, and the center radius of core correction arc section are R；Core changeover portion diameter is from d1It is incremented to d continuously2, and core changeover portion center of circle angle beta is 35 °.
In order to ensure bulging bending composite molding time core rigidity, shorten core cylindrical section length, previous forming part is pushed away until the method that skids off from core of previous forming part when using later straight tube blank molding, it is specially when after previous forming parts, unload core, overlap next straight tube blank at the core cylindrical section of core, core is installed, then release core when carrying out the molding of next straight tube blank and by previous forming part.
Meanwhile, smooth in order to ensure bulging bending composite molding, before suit straight tube blank, it is coated with conventional graphite lithium saponify lubrication on the surface of core, to reduce shaping resistance；Then by step 1) in straight tube blank be nested with on the core cylindrical section of core, one end of core cylindrical section is fixed on the pedestal of mould through the front end of mould push pedal by locking pin, thus core is fixed in mould, push pedal rear end connects hydraulic cylinder, and the stroke L2 of push pedal is more than straight tube charge length L.The piston of hydraulic cylinder promotes push pedal, push pedal promotes straight tube blank to make straight tube blank skid off core cylindrical section, unclamp locking pin, unload core, next straight tube blank on core cylindrical section set, core is installed, tighten locking pin, when carrying out next straight tube blank molding, previous forming part is corrected arc section along core changeover portion and core successively and skid off formation annulus curved pipe blank, and good in order to ensure bulging bending composite molding, resistance of deformation is less, and shaping speed is 60mm/min.
23) annulus curved pipe blank is carried out hidden lino removal, in order to eliminate the distortional stress that the bending composite molding of room temperature bulging produces, annulus curved pipe blank is placed and carries out solution treatment in a vacuum furnace, its heating-up temperature is 1000 DEG C, temperature retention time is 45min, goes out vacuum drying oven air cooling to room temperature after being cooled to less than 300 DEG C；
24) to through step 23) the annulus curved pipe blank that processes carries out diametric(al) shaping and thickness direction shaping, and detailed process is as follows:
By through step 23) the annulus curved pipe blank that processes puts into and carries out diametric(al) shaping in diameter shaping mould, use vacuum hotpressing machine heating and pressurization, diameter reshaping temperature is 790 DEG C, temperature retention time is 60min, and air cooling of coming out of the stove after being cooled to less than 300 DEG C is to room temperature；Annulus curved pipe blank through diametric(al) shaping is put into and is carried out short transverse shaping in thickness shaping mould, use vacuum hotpressing machine heating and pressurization, thickness reshaping temperature is 790 DEG C, temperature retention time is 60min, and air cooling to room temperature of coming out of the stove after being cooled to less than 300 DEG C obtains required annulus curved pipe.
It addition, be saddle type interface with annulus curved pipe welding position on tap, to increase bonding area, improve weld strength and welding quality, saddle row interface diameter d1Become matched in clearance less than annulus curved pipe installing hole diameter D-shaped, and fit clearance is less than 0.2mm.
3) tap is welded formation flow splitter unit: during to welding, all use manual argon protection welding with annulus curved pipe; in order to avoid iron-base superalloy welding produces cold crack and fire check, and all use weld preheating, control heat input little during welding and the measure of postheating；Concrete measure is: the temperature of weld preheating is 300 DEG C, and to welding current 60A, weldingvoltage 12V during welding, postwelding uses asbestos gloves or the parcel welding position slow cooling of asbestos strap.
4) flow splitter unit welding completed carried out x-ray inspection in 4 hours, and x-ray inspection carries out stress relief annealing process in qualified latter 4 hours；The detailed process that stress relief annealing processes is: use vacuum drying oven to carry out stress relief annealing, heating-up temperature is 800 DEG C, temperature retention time is 90min, be cooled to less than 300 DEG C after come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
5) will be through step 4) four flow splitter unit making annealing treatment carry out processing welding end surface respectively, it is ensured that and the error of perpendicularity is not more than 6.3 μm less than 0.1mm, surface roughness Ra value, then welding is formed flow splitter blank；All use manual argon protection welding during to welding, in order to avoid iron-base superalloy welding produces cold crack and fire check, and all use weld preheating, control heat input during welding and the measure of postheating；Concrete measure is: the temperature of weld preheating is 300 DEG C, and to welding current 60A, weldingvoltage 12V during welding, postwelding uses asbestos gloves or the parcel welding position slow cooling of asbestos strap.
6) flow splitter blank carrying out in 4 hours x-ray inspection, x-ray inspection carries out stress relief annealing process and forms iron-base superalloy flow splitter in qualified latter 4 hours；The detailed process that stress relief annealing processes is: use vacuum drying oven to carry out stress relief annealing, heating-up temperature is 800 DEG C, temperature retention time is 90min, be cooled to less than 300 DEG C after come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
7) by step 6) in the iron-base superalloy flow splitter that obtains carry out water pressure test for strength according to 1.5 times of pressure of operating pressure, observe outward appearance whether No leakage, deformation without exception；If qualified, iron-base superalloy flow splitter put into according to operating pressure water carries out air seal test, observe outward appearance whether No leakage bubble.
Embodiment 3
For certain model solid engines posture control system iron-base superalloy flow splitter, flow splitter center radius R is 220mm, internal diameter D=54mm, wall thickness t=3mm, outside diameter d=60mm；The forming method of its iron-base superalloy flow splitter comprises the steps:
1) iron-base superalloy flow splitter is divided into four parts and forms four flow splitter unit, each flow splitter unit include annulus curved pipe and tap, i.e. annulus curved pipe center radius R be 220mm, internal diameter D=54mm, wall thickness t=3mm, outside diameter d=60mm.
2) processing annulus curved pipe and tap, annulus curved pipe has and the tap installing hole to welding, the diameter D of this installing hole2=0.7 × d；And annulus curved pipe two ends butt welding end face leaves the allowance for finish of 4mm, the wall thickness t error of annulus curved pipe is less than 0.3mm less than 0.1mm, flatness error.
The detailed process of annulus curved pipe processing is as follows:
21) processing straight tube blank, straight tube blank uses pole processing, length L=2R π/4+30mm=376mm, diameter of bore D1=D/1.25=42mm, wall thickness t1={ [(D+2t)2-D2+D1 2]1/2-D}/2=3.74mm (, constancy of volume constant according to length and the mathematical model of area equation, and according to the engineering calculation formulas simplified), in order to ensure that molding is good, control straight tube blank wall thickness t1Deviation is less than 0.1mm.
22) bulging bending composite molding, uses room temperature forming technique that straight tube blank is put into molding in mould.Wherein: the core of mould includes core cylindrical section, core correction arc section and connects core cylindrical section and the core changeover portion of core correction arc section, the present embodiment core mould uses unimach, and its hardness is 46～50HRC, surface roughness Ra value is not more than 1.6 μm.Core cylindrical section diameter d1Than straight tube blank diameter of bore D1Little 0.1mm, to ensure that shaping resistance is less；Core correction arc section diameter d2=D+ Δ=0.03mm, core correction arc section length L1=30mm, and the center radius of core correction arc section are R；Core changeover portion diameter is from d1It is incremented to d continuously2, and core changeover portion center of circle angle beta is 45 °.
In order to ensure bulging bending composite molding time core rigidity, shorten core cylindrical section length, previous forming part is pushed away until the method that skids off from core of previous forming part when using later straight tube blank molding, it is specially when after previous forming parts, unload core, overlap next straight tube blank at the core cylindrical section of core, core is installed, then release core when carrying out the molding of next straight tube blank and by previous forming part.
Meanwhile, smooth in order to ensure bulging bending composite molding, before suit straight tube blank, it is coated with conventional graphite lithium saponify lubrication on the surface of core, to reduce shaping resistance；Then by step 1) in straight tube blank be nested with on the core cylindrical section of core, one end of core cylindrical section is fixed on the pedestal of mould through the front end of mould push pedal by locking pin, thus core is fixed in mould, push pedal rear end connects hydraulic cylinder, and the stroke L2 of push pedal is more than straight tube charge length L.The piston of hydraulic cylinder promotes push pedal, push pedal promotes straight tube blank to make straight tube blank skid off core cylindrical section, unclamp locking pin, unload core, next straight tube blank on core cylindrical section set, core is installed, tighten locking pin, when carrying out next straight tube blank molding, previous forming part is corrected arc section along core changeover portion and core successively and skid off formation annulus curved pipe blank, and good in order to ensure bulging bending composite molding, resistance of deformation is less, and shaping speed is 30mm/min.
23) annulus curved pipe blank is carried out hidden lino removal, in order to eliminate the distortional stress that the bending composite molding of room temperature bulging produces, annulus curved pipe blank is placed and carries out solution treatment in a vacuum furnace, its heating-up temperature is 1020 DEG C, temperature retention time is 50min, goes out vacuum drying oven air cooling to room temperature after being cooled to less than 300 DEG C；
24) to through step 23) the annulus curved pipe blank that processes carries out diametric(al) shaping and thickness direction shaping, and detailed process is as follows:
By through step 23) the annulus curved pipe blank that processes puts into and carries out diametric(al) shaping in diameter shaping mould, use vacuum hotpressing machine heating and pressurization, diameter reshaping temperature is 800 DEG C, temperature retention time is 60min, and air cooling of coming out of the stove after being cooled to less than 300 DEG C is to room temperature；Annulus curved pipe blank through diametric(al) shaping is put into and is carried out short transverse shaping in thickness shaping mould, use vacuum hotpressing machine heating and pressurization, thickness reshaping temperature is 800 DEG C, temperature retention time is 60min, and air cooling to room temperature of coming out of the stove after being cooled to less than 300 DEG C obtains required annulus curved pipe.
It addition, be saddle type interface with annulus curved pipe welding position on tap, to increase bonding area, improve weld strength and welding quality, saddle row interface diameter d1Become matched in clearance less than annulus curved pipe installing hole diameter D-shaped, and fit clearance is less than 0.2mm.
3) tap is welded formation flow splitter unit: during to welding, all use manual argon protection welding with annulus curved pipe; in order to avoid iron-base superalloy welding produces cold crack and fire check, and all use weld preheating, control heat input little during welding and the measure of postheating；Concrete measure is: the temperature of weld preheating is 260 DEG C, and to welding current 40A, weldingvoltage 12V during welding, postwelding uses asbestos gloves or the parcel welding position slow cooling of asbestos strap.
4) flow splitter unit welding completed carried out x-ray inspection in 2 hours, and x-ray inspection carries out stress relief annealing process in qualified latter 2 hours；The detailed process that stress relief annealing processes is: use vacuum drying oven to carry out stress relief annealing, heating-up temperature is 780 DEG C, temperature retention time is 80min, be cooled to less than 300 DEG C after come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
5) will be through step 4) four flow splitter unit making annealing treatment carry out processing welding end surface respectively, it is ensured that and the error of perpendicularity is not more than 6.3 μm less than 0.1mm, surface roughness Ra value, then welding is formed flow splitter blank；All use manual argon protection welding during to welding, in order to avoid iron-base superalloy welding produces cold crack and fire check, and all use weld preheating, control heat input during welding and the measure of postheating；Concrete measure is: the temperature of weld preheating is 260 DEG C, and to welding current 40A, weldingvoltage 12V during welding, postwelding uses asbestos gloves or the parcel welding position slow cooling of asbestos strap.
6) flow splitter blank carrying out in 4 hours x-ray inspection, x-ray inspection is qualified
Carry out stress relief annealing process in latter 4 hours and form iron-base superalloy flow splitter；The detailed process that stress relief annealing processes is: use vacuum drying oven to carry out stress relief annealing, heating-up temperature is 780 DEG C, temperature retention time is 80min, be cooled to less than 300 DEG C after come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
7) by step 6) in the iron-base superalloy flow splitter that obtains carry out water pressure test for strength according to 1.5 times of pressure of operating pressure, observe outward appearance whether No leakage, deformation without exception；If qualified, iron-base superalloy flow splitter put into according to operating pressure water carries out air seal test, observe outward appearance whether No leakage bubble.
Embodiment 4
For certain model solid engines posture control system iron-base superalloy flow splitter, flow splitter center radius R is 220mm, internal diameter D=54mm, wall thickness t=3mm, outside diameter d=60mm；The forming method of its iron-base superalloy flow splitter comprises the steps:
1) iron-base superalloy flow splitter is divided into six parts and forms six flow splitter unit, each flow splitter unit include annulus curved pipe and tap, i.e. annulus curved pipe center radius R be 220mm, internal diameter D=54mm, wall thickness t=3mm, outside diameter d=60mm.
2) processing annulus curved pipe and tap, annulus curved pipe has and the tap installing hole to welding, the diameter D of this installing hole2=0.8 × d；And annulus curved pipe two ends butt welding end face leaves the allowance for finish of 4mm, the wall thickness t error of annulus curved pipe is less than 0.3mm less than 0.1mm, flatness error.
The detailed process of annulus curved pipe processing is as follows:
21) processing straight tube blank, straight tube blank uses pole processing, length L=2R π/4+30mm=260mm, diameter of bore D1=D/1.25=42mm, wall thickness t1={ [(D+2t)2-D2+D1 2]1/2-D}/2=3.74mm (, constancy of volume constant according to length and the mathematical model of area equation, and according to the engineering calculation formulas simplified), in order to ensure that molding is good, control straight tube blank wall thickness t1Deviation is less than 0.1mm.
22) bulging bending composite molding, uses room temperature forming technique that straight tube blank is put into molding in mould.Wherein: the core of mould includes core cylindrical section, core correction arc section and connects core cylindrical section and the core changeover portion of core correction arc section, the present embodiment core mould uses unimach, and its hardness is 46～50HRC, surface roughness Ra value is not more than 1.6 μm.Core cylindrical section diameter d1Than straight tube blank diameter of bore D1Little 0.1mm, to ensure that shaping resistance is less；Core correction arc section diameter d2=D+ Δ=0.03mm, core correction arc section length L1=30mm, and the center radius of core correction arc section are R；Core changeover portion diameter is from d1It is incremented to d continuously2, and core changeover portion center of circle angle beta is 40 °.
In order to ensure bulging bending composite molding time core rigidity, shorten core cylindrical section length, previous forming part is pushed away until the method that skids off from core of previous forming part when using later straight tube blank molding, it is specially when after previous forming parts, unload core, overlap next straight tube blank at the core cylindrical section of core, core is installed, then release core when carrying out the molding of next straight tube blank and by previous forming part.
Meanwhile, smooth in order to ensure bulging bending composite molding, before suit straight tube blank, it is coated with conventional graphite lithium saponify lubrication on the surface of core, to reduce shaping resistance；Then by step 1) in straight tube blank be nested with on the core cylindrical section of core, one end of core cylindrical section is fixed on the pedestal of mould through the front end of mould push pedal by locking pin, thus core is fixed in mould, push pedal rear end connects hydraulic cylinder, and the stroke L2 of push pedal is more than straight tube charge length L.The piston of hydraulic cylinder promotes push pedal, push pedal promotes straight tube blank to make straight tube blank skid off core cylindrical section, unclamp locking pin, unload core, next straight tube blank on core cylindrical section set, core is installed, tighten locking pin, when carrying out next straight tube blank molding, previous forming part is corrected arc section along core changeover portion and core successively and skid off formation annulus curved pipe blank, and good in order to ensure bulging bending composite molding, resistance of deformation is less, and shaping speed is 20mm/min.
23) annulus curved pipe blank is carried out hidden lino removal, in order to eliminate the distortional stress that the bending composite molding of room temperature bulging produces, annulus curved pipe blank is placed and carries out solution treatment in a vacuum furnace, its heating-up temperature is 1020 DEG C, temperature retention time is 40min, goes out vacuum drying oven air cooling to room temperature after being cooled to less than 300 DEG C；
24) to through step 23) the annulus curved pipe blank that processes carries out diametric(al) shaping and thickness direction shaping, and detailed process is as follows:
By through step 23) the annulus curved pipe blank that processes puts into and carries out diametric(al) shaping in diameter shaping mould, use vacuum hotpressing machine heating and pressurization, diameter reshaping temperature is 800 DEG C, temperature retention time is 50min, and air cooling of coming out of the stove after being cooled to less than 300 DEG C is to room temperature；Annulus curved pipe blank through diametric(al) shaping is put into and is carried out short transverse shaping in thickness shaping mould, use vacuum hotpressing machine heating and pressurization, thickness reshaping temperature is 800 DEG C, temperature retention time is 50min, and air cooling to room temperature of coming out of the stove after being cooled to less than 300 DEG C obtains required annulus curved pipe.
It addition, be saddle type interface with annulus curved pipe welding position on tap, to increase bonding area, improve weld strength and welding quality, saddle row interface diameter d1Become matched in clearance less than annulus curved pipe installing hole diameter D-shaped, and fit clearance is less than 0.2mm.
3) tap is welded formation flow splitter unit: during to welding, all use manual argon protection welding with annulus curved pipe; in order to avoid iron-base superalloy welding produces cold crack and fire check, and all use weld preheating, control heat input little during welding and the measure of postheating；Concrete measure is: the temperature of weld preheating is 280 DEG C, and to welding current 60A, weldingvoltage 10V during welding, postwelding uses asbestos gloves or the parcel welding position slow cooling of asbestos strap.
4) flow splitter unit welding completed carried out x-ray inspection in 3 hours, and x-ray inspection carries out stress relief annealing process in qualified latter 3 hours；The detailed process that stress relief annealing processes is: use vacuum drying oven to carry out stress relief annealing, heating-up temperature is 790 DEG C, temperature retention time is 90min, be cooled to less than 300 DEG C after come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
5) will be through step 4) four flow splitter unit making annealing treatment carry out processing welding end surface respectively, it is ensured that and the error of perpendicularity is not more than 6.3 μm less than 0.1mm, surface roughness Ra value, then welding is formed flow splitter blank；All use manual argon protection welding during to welding, in order to avoid iron-base superalloy welding produces cold crack and fire check, and all use weld preheating, control heat input during welding and the measure of postheating；Concrete measure is: the temperature of weld preheating is 280 DEG C, and to welding current 60A, weldingvoltage 10V during welding, postwelding uses asbestos gloves or the parcel welding position slow cooling of asbestos strap.
6) flow splitter blank carrying out in 4 hours x-ray inspection, x-ray inspection carries out stress relief annealing process and forms iron-base superalloy flow splitter in qualified latter 4 hours；The detailed process that stress relief annealing processes is: use vacuum drying oven to carry out stress relief annealing, heating-up temperature is 790 DEG C, temperature retention time is 90min, be cooled to less than 300 DEG C after come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
7) by step 6) in the iron-base superalloy flow splitter that obtains carry out water pressure test for strength according to 1.5 times of pressure of operating pressure, observe outward appearance whether No leakage, deformation without exception；If qualified, iron-base superalloy flow splitter put into according to operating pressure water carries out air seal test, observe outward appearance whether No leakage bubble.
Claims (10)
1. the forming method of an iron-base superalloy flow splitter, it is characterised in that: include as
Lower step:
1) flow splitter is divided into N part and forms N number of flow splitter unit (10), each shunting
Ring element (10) includes annulus curved pipe (1) and tap (9), 2≤N≤6 and N
For natural number；Set D as the internal diameter of annulus curved pipe (1), d as annulus curved pipe (1)
External diameter, t be the wall thickness of annulus curved pipe (1), R be the center of annulus curved pipe (1)
Radius；
2) processing annulus curved pipe (1) and tap (9), and annulus curved pipe (1)
On have and the tap (9) installing hole (8) to welding；
3) tap (9) is welded formation flow splitter unit (10) with annulus curved pipe (1)；
4) the flow splitter unit (10) welding completed carries out x-ray inspection successively and goes to answer
Power makes annealing treatment；
5) will be through step 4) N number of flow splitter unit of making annealing treatment forms shunting to welding
Ring blank；
6) iron-based is formed after flow splitter blank is carried out successively x-ray inspection and stress relief annealing
High temperature alloy flow splitter.
The forming method of iron-base superalloy flow splitter the most according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by: described step 2) in, the detailed process of annulus curved pipe processing is as follows:
21) processing straight tube blank, length L=2R π/N+A, diameter of bore D1=D/B, wall
Thick t1={ [(D+2t)2-D2+D1 2]1/2-D}/2, wherein: A value 20～30mm, B value
1.1～1.5；
22) bulging bending composite molding, uses room temperature forming technique to be put into into by straight tube blank
Molding in mould, wherein: the core (3) of mould include core cylindrical section (3.1),
Core correction arc section (3.3) and connection core cylindrical section (3.1) and core correct arc section
(3.3) core changeover portion (3.2), core cylindrical section (3.1) diameter d1Less than straight tube blank
Material (2) diameter of bore D1, core correction arc section (3.3) diameter d2=D+ Δ, Δ is straight
The elastic elongation amount of blank (2) diameter of bore, the center of core correction arc section (3.3)
Radius is R, and core changeover portion (3.2) diameter is from d1It is incremented to d continuously2；
Straight tube blank (2) is nested with on the core cylindrical section (3.1) of core (3), by core
Mould is fixed in mould, promotes straight tube blank to make straight tube blank skid off core cylindrical section,
And push away previous forming part until previous molding zero when using later straight tube blank molding
The method that part skids off from core forms annulus curved pipe blank；
23) annulus curved pipe blank is carried out hidden lino removal；
24) to through step 23) the annulus curved pipe blank that processes carries out diametric(al) shaping
Required annulus curved pipe is obtained with thickness direction shaping.
The forming method of iron-base superalloy flow splitter the most according to claim 2, its
It is characterised by: described step 22) in, core cylindrical section (3.1) diameter d1Ratio straight tube blank
(2) diameter of bore D1Little 0.1～0.2mm；Core correction arc section (3.3) length
L1=20～30mm, core changeover portion (3.2) center of circle angle beta is 35 °～45 °；And straight tube blank
(2) the formation speed forming annulus curved pipe blank is 20～60mm/min.
The forming method of iron-base superalloy flow splitter the most according to claim 2, its
It is characterised by: described step 23) in, the detailed process of hidden lino removal is: will circle
Ring curved pipe blank is placed and is carried out solution treatment in a vacuum furnace, and its heating-up temperature is
980～1020 DEG C, temperature retention time be 30～50min, go out vacuum drying oven after being cooled to less than 300 DEG C
Air cooling is to room temperature.
The forming method of iron-base superalloy flow splitter the most according to claim 1 and 2,
It is characterized in that: described step 2) in, on annulus curved pipe (1), installing hole (8) is straight
Footpath D2=(0.6～0.8) × d, and annulus curved pipe (1) two ends butt welding end face leaves 3～5mm
Allowance for finish, the wall thickness t error of annulus curved pipe (1) be less than 0.1mm, flatness
Error is less than 0.3mm.
The forming method of iron-base superalloy flow splitter the most according to claim 1 and 2,
It is characterized in that: described step 2) in, tap (9) is gone up and annulus curved pipe (1)
Welding position is saddle type interface (11), saddle row interface (11) diameter d1Less than annulus arc
Shape pipe (1) installing hole (8) diameter D-shaped becomes matched in clearance, and fit clearance is less than 0.2mm.
The forming method of iron-base superalloy flow splitter the most according to claim 1 and 2,
It is characterized in that: described step 3) and described step 5) in, all use craft during to welding
Argon protection welding, and all use weld preheating, control heat input during welding and weldering
The measure of rear slow cooling.
The forming method of iron-base superalloy flow splitter the most according to claim 7, its
It is characterised by: the temperature of described weld preheating is 260～300 DEG C, to welding current during welding
40～60A, weldingvoltage 10～12V, postwelding uses asbestos gloves or the parcel welding of asbestos strap
Position slow cooling.
The forming method of iron-base superalloy flow splitter the most according to claim 1 and 2,
It is characterized in that: described step 4) in, tap (9) welds with annulus curved pipe (1)
Connecing formation flow splitter unit (10) and carry out x-ray inspection afterwards in 2～4 hours, X-ray is visited
Hinder qualified after carry out stress relief annealing process in 2～4 hours；Described step 6) in, N number of point
Stream ring element carries out x-ray inspection, X in 2～4 hours after welding is formed flow splitter blank
Stress relief annealing is carried out in 2～4 hours after radiographic inspection is qualified；Described step 4) and described step
Rapid 6), in, vacuum drying oven is all used to carry out stress relief annealing, heating-up temperature is 780～800 DEG C,
Temperature retention time is 60～90min, be cooled to less than 300 DEG C after come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
The molding side of iron-base superalloy flow splitter the most according to claim 1 and 2
Method, it is characterised in that: described step 5) in, N number of flow splitter unit (10) is to welding
Before to each flow splitter unit to welding end surface process, it is ensured that the error of perpendicularity less than 0.1mm,
Surface roughness Ra value is not more than 6.3 μm.
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