CN105990618B

CN105990618B - Battery conditioning with adsorbent regeneration

Info

Publication number: CN105990618B
Application number: CN201610145481.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: A.博施
Original assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Current assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date: 2015-03-16
Filing date: 2016-03-15
Publication date: 2020-11-06
Anticipated expiration: 2036-03-15
Also published as: CN105990618A; DE102015204678A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery conditioning system (1) which is dedicated to dehumidifying and/or tempering a battery system (100). In order to regenerate the adsorbent (1) in a timely and on-demand manner, the battery conditioning system (1) comprises an adsorbent (2) for reversibly adsorbing a sorption substance, in particular water, a weight measuring element (3) for measuring the weight of the adsorbent (2), and an adsorbent heating device (4) for heating the adsorbent (2). The invention further relates to a corresponding battery system (100), to a method for operating the same, and to a controller.

Description

Battery conditioning with adsorbent regeneration

Technical Field

The invention relates to a battery regulation system, a battery system, an operating method and a controller.

Background

In vehicles with an electric drive, such as hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, a traction battery system, such as a lithium ion battery system, which can be recharged, is used in the vehicle drive.

Such battery systems are subject to high demands with regard to the energy content that can be used, the charging and discharging efficiency, the reliability and the lifetime.

Pressure differences can occur in the environment and in the internal chambers of the battery system due to temperature changes and air pressure changes. In this case, the pressure compensation can be produced by a pressure compensation unit, a so-called pressure compensation unit (PBU), which effects a defined inflow of ambient air into the battery system or a defined outflow of air from the battery system.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention relates to a battery conditioning system, such as a battery dehumidification system and/or a battery tempering system, for dehumidifying and/or tempering a battery system, comprising an adsorbent for reversibly, such as thermally, adsorbing an adsorbent, in particular water.

By means of the adsorbent, water in the form of moisture, which can be taken from the ambient air into the battery system, for example, by means of a pressure compensation unit, a so-called pressure compensation unit (PBU), can be extracted from the atmosphere in the interior of the battery system, and in this way the battery system can be dehumidified and conditioned. The formation of condensation water, which otherwise can occur at the cooled surface if necessary, can thus advantageously be avoided. The sorbent can be designed in particular for thermally reversible adsorption of the adsorbate, in particular water. For example, the adsorbent can be an adsorbent in which the adsorbate, in particular water, can be reversibly inserted and removed. The adsorbent can thus advantageously be discharged again in the form of steam, for example by heating, and dried, for example, and in this way regenerated for renewed adsorption of the adsorbate. For example, the adsorbent can also be designed for the exothermic adsorption of an adsorbate, in particular water. The adsorbent can dissipate heat during adsorption, which, as explained below, can also be used advantageously for tempering the battery system. For example, the adsorbent can be an absorbent and/or a sorbent. For example, the adsorbent can comprise a zeolite or the adsorbent can be a zeolite.

For example, the battery conditioning system can include a weight measuring element for measuring the weight of the sorbent. By adsorbing the adsorbate, the weight of the adsorbent is increased, which can be measured by a weight measuring element. The saturation of the adsorbent with adsorbate can thus advantageously be determined. Furthermore, it is possible to thereby, for example, determine the degree to which the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent, for example the water adsorption capacity of the zeolite, can be achieved. In particular, it can thus be advantageously determined whether regeneration of the adsorbent is necessary.

In addition, the battery conditioning system can include an adsorbent heating device for heating the adsorbent. For example, the adsorbent heating device can be an electric heating system, for example an electric heating element, for example in the form of a coil, a plate or a film. In this case, the adsorbent can advantageously be heated by the adsorbent heating device, wherein the adsorbed adsorbate can be desorbed in the adsorbent and in this way the adsorbent can be regenerated. The adsorbent can then be reused for adsorption and heat removal.

As a result, the weight measuring element can advantageously detect the adsorbate saturation of the adsorbent, for example the water saturation of the zeolite, and perform adsorbate desorption or regeneration of the adsorbent in a timely and on-demand manner.

As a result, an optimized dehumidification of the battery system, for example of a traction battery system, which can be regenerated efficiently, and an air conditioning, for example, which is largely maintenance-free, can be advantageously achieved by means of the adsorbent, in particular by means of the zeolite.

By means of said dehumidification and thus drying in the battery system, it is advantageously possible to avoid condensation water and undesired side effects which can occur together, such as corrosion of metal parts, swelling of the plastic surfaces, a reduction in the insulation resistance between the battery cells between the positive potential (HV +) and ground (ground) and between the negative potential (HV-) and ground (ground), which otherwise could even lead to short circuits, and in this way to significantly improve the life and operational safety of the battery system, for example of a lithium-ion battery system.

For example, a battery regulation system can be inserted or integrated into the battery system. This can be achieved with low assembly and operating expenditure.

In particular, the battery regulation system can be designed for regulating the dehumidification and/or the temperature regulation of, for example, a traction battery and/or a starter battery for a vehicle, for example an electric vehicle and/or a vehicle with an internal combustion engine (for example for gasoline or diesel fuel) and/or a hybrid vehicle, for example an electric hybrid vehicle. For example, the battery temperature control system can be designed for controlling, for example, the dehumidification and/or temperature control of a lithium battery system, for example a lithium ion battery system.

In the framework of an embodiment, wherein the adsorbent comprises a zeolite. In particular, the adsorbent can be a zeolite. For example, the adsorbent can comprise or be a dried or dehydrated, for example anhydrous, zeolite, for example in the form of particles or particle layers.

Zeolites are crystalline metal aluminosilicates, in particular alkali aluminosilicates, which can be characterized by a strong electrostatic field in the crystal lattice and a large internal surface, for example 800 m²G to 1200 m²(ii) in terms of/g. Zeolites can have a strong sorption capacity for gases, vapours and dissolved substances with a specific molecular size. The crystal cage of the zeolite can especially have large annular openings such as 3

To 10

Water vapour molecules can be accommodated in the annular opening or water vapour molecules can also be discharged from the annular opening again. Zeolites can advantageously have a high tendency to absorb water vapor or a strong moisture absorption. A completely desorbed or dehydrated zeolite can, for example, have a water sorption capacity of 25 weight percent relative to the weight of the zeolite, which has been dried, for example, at 300 ℃ under vacuum. The desorbed or dehydrated zeolite can thus be used particularly efficiently as an adsorbent and also as a desiccant for dehumidifying the battery system. The adsorption of water and the entry of water vapor molecules into the zeolite structure can take place in particular exothermically, i.e. for example with a heat output to the heat of adsorption. The cationic and anionic framework of the zeolite (Gersttruktur) can be hydrated in this case. Due to the strong electrostatic field, the accommodated molecules, for example water molecules, can then withstand the strong field forces in the crystal holder.

Advantageously, however, the water-saturated zeolite can also be heated to reversibly drain the introduced water in the form of water vapor again, so that the zeolite can be provided dry and regenerated and provides for renewed water vapor storage. The zeolite can advantageously be dried in a dust-free manner. The zeolite lattice framework can advantageously be kept stable (for example by itself in thousands of sorption cycles and desorption cycles), in particular in this respect the dehydration is carried out at a low pressure and a temperature of ≦ 200 ℃. Furthermore, zeolites are advantageously environmentally compatible, non-toxic and non-combustible minerals with a low density, which are present in nature in large quantities and in a large number of variants and can also be produced industrially synthetically in a large number of variants. The zeolites can therefore be used particularly advantageously for the conditioning of battery systems, for example traction batteries, in particular even with high packing densities.

The desorbed or dehydrated zeolite can also be characterized, for example, in the state of separation from water, by a high energy density and a low energy lossThe energy loss can be particularly much smaller than in a hot water reservoir, since the adsorption can take place exothermically. For example, the heat of sorption can be released by accumulating the desorbed or dehydrated zeolite and water up to 4200kJ per kg of water. Thus, zeolites are also particularly suitable for the tempering explained below. For example, in an approximate heating system with a weight m of 200kg_BattAnd a specific heat capacity c at a temperature difference Δ T of 30K (e.g. from-30 ℃ to 0 ℃)_BattIn the calculation of the thermal energy demand of the battery system of about 0.9 kJ/(kg. K), Δ Q is required_Batt=m_Batt·c_BattΔ T of 5.4MJ =1.5kWh plus an excess of 0.25kWh for compensating heat losses, i.e. 1.75kWh in total, which gives a zeolite energy density of 120kWh/m at 15% water containment³In the case of (1.75/120 m)³= 0.0146 m³I.e. about 15dm³Volume V of zeolite_ZeolithAnd the mass m of zeolite_ZeolithIs rho_Zeolith·V_Zeolith=650 kg/m³·0.015 m³=9.75 kg, i.e. about 10 kg. Here, it is assumed that the sorption enthalpy h is 4200kJ per kg of water_aZeoApproximately 1.16kWh per kg of water, the water quantity m is required_WasserNamely, Delta Q_Bat/h_aZeo1.16kWh =1.51kg water per kg water, plus a safety margin and thus about 2l (2 liters) of water.

In the framework of this embodiment, the sorbent comprises a material with an annular opening of about 2.6 or more

To less than or equal to 3.5

E.g. 3

The zeolite of (1). So that water vapour molecules (the kinematic diameter of which can be measured as 2.6 a) can be advantageously introduced

) Contained and adsorbed into the zeolite structure. In addition, the accommodation of larger molecules, such as bands 3.6, which occur in many combustion processes and thus also in air, can be hindered

Of the kinetic diameter of the irritant gas and the soot gas sulfur dioxide (SO)₂) Which otherwise unnecessarily saturate the zeolite or even push out already adsorbed water vapour molecules from the crystal structure. A zeolite suitable for use herein is for example offretite a.

Within the framework of the special design of this embodiment, the adsorbent therefore comprises offretite a. Here, the adsorbent can be, for example, potassium zeolite a.

Within the framework of a further embodiment, the sorbent heating device for heating the sorbent can be activated, in particular can be switched on, as long as the weight of the sorbent measured by the weight measuring element exceeds the upper weight limit. It is thereby advantageously possible to activate the sorbent heating means only when required. This again advantageously saves energy. For example, the upper weight limit can be 25 weight percent relative to the weight of the adsorbent, which is particularly completely desorbed or dehydrated. For example, the upper weight limit can be 20 weight percent relative to the weight of the adsorbent, which is in particular completely desorbed or dehydrated. In particular, the upper weight limit can lie at 15 weight percent relative to the weight of the particularly completely desorbed or dehydrated adsorbent. By reducing the upper weight limit, the heating-out temperature can advantageously be lowered (also for example at an ambient air pressure of about 1 bar), for example to a temperature below 100 ℃.

As an alternative or in addition thereto, the sorbent heating device for heating the sorbent can be activated, in particular switched on, as long as the battery system is connected to an external charging station.

Within the framework of a further embodiment, the heating based on the heating of the sorbent heating device can be deactivated again, in particular can be switched off, as long as the weight of the sorbent measured by the weight measuring element is below the lower weight limit. It can thus advantageously be achieved that the heating is only performed for the required length of time. This also advantageously saves energy. For example, the lower weight limit can be 3 weight percent relative to the weight of the particularly completely desorbed or dehydrated adsorbent. A sorption capacity of approximately 15 wt.% relative to the weight of the, in particular completely desorbed or dehydrated, adsorbent can thereby advantageously be achieved. If necessary, the lower weight limit can be 10 weight percent relative to the weight of the particularly completely desorbed or dehydrated adsorbent. It is thereby possible to only partially dehydrate the adsorbent, which likewise advantageously achieves (for example even at an ambient air pressure of approximately 1 bar) heating up to a temperature of, for example, less than 100 ℃ and in particular saves energy.

Within the framework of another embodiment, the battery conditioning system further comprises an adsorbent container for accommodating an adsorbent. In this case, the weight measuring element can be designed in particular for measuring the weight of the sorbent container and thus for measuring the weight of the sorbent. In this case, the adsorbent heating device can be designed in particular for heating the adsorbent container and thus for heating the adsorbent. The sorbent container can be at least partially designed to be permeable to gas, in particular to air, or to steam, in particular to water vapor. For example, the sorbent vessels can be constructed at least in part from a perforated sheet of material. In particular, the sorbent vessels can be releasably assembled. The adsorbent can thus advantageously be replaced in a simple manner when required.

In the framework of the embodiment, the sorbent vessels are guided vertically by guides, for example by guide rails. In this case, the sorbent container can be supported, in particular, on the weight measuring element or on the weight measuring element. In this case, the weight measuring element can be, in particular, an electrical and/or mechanical spring switch, for example in the form of a bending spring, by means of which the electrical contact can be closed. The sorbent container can be moved vertically by a guide, for example in a guide rail, according to the weight of the sorbent, toward a spring switch, for example, wherein the spring switch closes an electrical contact when the upper weight limit is exceeded. The weight measurement of the sorbent can thus advantageously be carried out in a particularly simple manner during operation. It is thus advantageously possible in a particularly simple manner to ascertain whether regeneration of the adsorbent is necessary or not.

The spring switch can have, in particular, a hysteresis, which can be achieved according to prevailing mechanical measures, for example, with an adjustable switching point. For example, it can be achieved by hysteresis of a spring switch that opens the electrical contact again only when the lower weight limit of the sorbent is reached, for example, by a saturated weight of 3% of water.

Within the framework of another embodiment, the battery conditioning system further comprises an outer container. In this case, the sorbent or the sorbent container is in particular accommodated in an outer container. The outer container can in particular comprise a gas inlet provided with a locking device, which is used in particular for introducing the gas to be dehumidified from the battery system. The locking means of the gas entry opening can be, for example, a solenoid valve or a flap.

Within the framework of a further embodiment, the battery conditioning system also comprises a condenser, in particular for the condensation of (adsorbate) vapors, for example water vapor, heated from the adsorbent. In this case, the adsorbent or the adsorbent container can be connected or can be connected, in particular, by vapor conduction, to a condenser. The condenser can in particular comprise a steam inlet provided with a lock-up device, which is used in particular for introducing (adsorbate) steam, for example water vapor, heated from the adsorbent into the condenser.

The (adsorbate) vapor, for example water vapor, which escapes from the adsorbent due to heating can advantageously be recondensed into the adsorbate, for example water, by means of the condenser and collected. The condensed adsorbate, for example water, can then be conducted away from the cell conditioning system and/or (re) used as adsorbate, in particular for a heating function and/or a cooling function explained below.

Within the framework of a further embodiment, the cell conditioning system also comprises an evaporation material for evaporating the adsorbate, in particular water. In this case, the evaporation material, in particular an adsorbate, for example water, can be supplied by an adsorbate supply, for example a water supply, which is in particular provided with a blocking means.

This enables the battery conditioning system to be used for targeted and almost loss-free heat generation and/or evaporation-based cooling based on adsorption, such as sorption and/or absorption. In this case, the phenomenon, in particular evaporative cooling, can be used to generate cold, in particular for cooling, for example, of a battery system, for example, a lithium ion battery system, and/or the phenomenon of sorption of heat, for example zeolite water absorption or sorption, can be used to generate heat, in particular for heating, for example, a battery system, for example, a lithium ion battery system.

For example, it is possible to achieve that the evaporation material is supplied with an in particular liquid adsorbate, for example water, where the in particular liquid adsorbate, for example water, evaporates. In this case, the evaporation takes place in particular endothermically or with heat extraction. This makes it possible in particular to cool the evaporation material. Cooling can thus be achieved on the basis of the evaporation material. In this case, for example, cold can be discharged from the evaporation material to an external environment, for example a vehicle environment, and/or, for example, to a thermal contact plate explained below.

In particular, vaporous adsorbates, for example water vapor, can then flow to the adsorbent. The adsorbate can be adsorbed by the adsorbent, in particular exothermically or in the event of heat dissipation. This makes it possible to heat the adsorbent in particular. Heating can thus be achieved by means of the adsorbent. In this case, heat can be dissipated from the sorbent to a thermal contact plate explained below.

In this way, the battery conditioning system can advantageously dehumidify, heat and/or cool, for example for tempering, for example, a battery system, such as a traction battery of an electric vehicle and/or a hybrid vehicle, such as an electric hybrid vehicle, and/or a starter battery of a vehicle with an internal combustion engine. Advantageously, this can be achieved without significant consumption of electrical energy, for example in the battery system and/or in an external source, and/or without loss of useful travel. Furthermore, these functions can advantageously be achieved by (sole) adsorbents, such as zeolites. The zeolite, which can dissipate the heat of sorption, for example for heating battery systems, can advantageously have a large tendency to absorb water vapor in exothermic reactions and be placed in its crystal framework in the form of water.

The battery temperature control system advantageously makes it possible to control or maintain the temperature of the battery system during the operation of the battery system in a temperature range that is optimal for operation, for example from approximately ≧ 5 ℃ to approximately ≦ 40 ℃. For example, the battery system, in particular the cells of the battery system, can be heated by the battery tempering system at low (ambient/external) temperatures, for example from below 0 ℃, in particular from below-10 ℃, for example from-30 ℃, to a temperature in an optimum temperature range, for example 20 ℃, or cooled at high temperatures, for example from above 35 ℃, in particular above 40 ℃, to a temperature in an optimum temperature range.

This advantageously reduces the aging of the battery system, which can be significantly increased at higher temperatures, for example >40 ℃, for example in the case of lithium ion batteries, and thus increases the service life of the battery system again, for example until a service life target of 15 years is reached.

Furthermore, aging of the battery system, for example as a result of charging with high discharge currents at low temperatures, for example <5 ℃, can thus advantageously be reduced, and the service life of the battery system can thus also be increased. Furthermore, the electrical output of the battery cells, for example lithium ion battery cells, which can drop significantly in low (external temperatures), for example <5 ℃, for example, due to a higher internal resistance and a reduced current output, can thus be increased advantageously. It is thus advantageously possible, for example, in a vehicle to provide a cold starting current which is sufficiently high for starting the vehicle, for example the traction battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle and/or the starter battery of a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, for example a hybrid vehicle, even at (external) temperatures below-10 ℃, without the electrical energy stored in the battery having to be used for heating purposes or without decisively taking into account an externally present energy source, for example approximately the public power grid.

In general, it is possible to advantageously regulate the temperature of a battery system, for example a traction battery of a vehicle, for example an electric vehicle, and/or a hybrid vehicle, for example an electric hybrid vehicle, and/or a starter battery of a vehicle, for example with an internal combustion engine, in an energy-saving manner, and in particular to improve the service life, safety, reliability, electrical power, charging/discharging efficiency or usable energy content of the battery system, for example a lithium-ion battery system, even at low ambient or external temperatures.

If necessary, parking heating functions, for example for deicing the window panels, deicing the exterior mirrors and/or deicing the door locks, are also possible via the battery regulation system.

The evaporation material can be, for example, a fiber-based surface structure, such as a nonwoven and/or woven surface structure. For example, the evaporation material can be a nonwoven. The fiber-based surface topography, for example a nonwoven, advantageously enables not only evaporation of the particularly liquid adsorbate to the particularly vaporous adsorbate, but also retention of the particularly liquid adsorbate and in this way counteracts overflow of the particularly liquid adsorbate. The evaporation material can be, for example, a plastic nonwoven.

The plastic nonwoven can advantageously be produced cost-effectively and has a low weight.

The adsorbent and the evaporation material can be arranged at a distance from one another, in particular on the basis of a vapor-permeable chamber, in particular a water vapor-permeable chamber. For example, a separating layer with vapor channels, for example a vapor-permeable, in particular water vapor-permeable and for example liquid-tight membrane, can be arranged between the adsorbent and the evaporation material. In this case, a vaporous adsorbate, in particular water, can be supplied to the adsorbent from an adsorbate reservoir, in particular a water reservoir, for example by means of a separating layer having steam channels. It is thereby advantageously possible to achieve that, in particular, vaporous adsorbate flows to the adsorbent and, for example, the heat transfer from the adsorbent to the evaporation material can be reduced.

In the framework of another embodiment, the sorbent is thermally connected to the heating circuit, for example by a heat exchanger. In particular, the heating circuit can comprise a pump, for example a hydraulic pump, and/or a locking device. Here, for example, the battery conditioning system can include a heat exchanger for removing heat from the adsorbent. In particular, such a heat exchanger can be connected to a heating circuit and/or designed for heating the heating circuit by means of an adsorbent. So that sorption heat can advantageously be supplied to the heating circuit.

The evaporative cooling produced by evaporation can be conducted to the vehicle environment if necessary. This can be advantageous in particular in the heating operation of the battery regulation system.

However, the evaporative cooling produced by evaporation can also be used to cool the battery system. This can be advantageous in particular in the cooling operation of the battery regulation system.

In the framework of a further embodiment as an alternative or in addition, the evaporation material is therefore thermally connected to the cooling circuit, for example by means of a heat exchanger. In particular, the cooling circuit can comprise a pump, for example a hydraulic pump, and/or a locking device. Here, for example, the battery conditioning system can comprise a heat exchanger for cooling the cooling circuit by evaporating the substance. In particular, such a heat exchanger can be connected to a cooling circuit. So that heat can advantageously be extracted from the cooling circuit by evaporative cooling.

Within the framework of a further embodiment, the battery conditioning system also comprises a thermal contact plate, in particular for tempering the battery cells of a battery system (pack), for example for tempering at least one battery module (battery subunit) formed from a plurality of battery cells. For example, the thermal contact plate can be a so-called temperature control plate or a heating plate or a cooling plate. In this case, the sorbent can be brought into, for example, direct or indirect thermal contact with the thermal contact plate, for example, by means of a sorbent container and/or an external container and/or a heating circuit and/or a cooling circuit. By means of the thermal contact between the sorbent container and/or the outer container and the thermal contact plate, the heat of sorption generated during dehumidification can advantageously be dissipated, for example, by active cooling based on thermal management of the battery system. The temperature of the battery cells can thus advantageously be maintained in the optimum operating temperature range even in the case of regeneration of the sorbent, which can advantageously contribute to the lifetime of the battery system. By means of the thermal contact between the heating circuit and the thermal contact plate, the sorption heat for heating the battery system can advantageously be used in the heating mode. By means of the thermal contact between the cooling circuit and the thermal contact plate, it is advantageously possible to use evaporative cooling for cooling the battery system in the cooling mode.

In particular, the thermal contact plate and thus in particular the battery cells of the battery system can be temperature-controlled by a heating circuit and/or a cooling circuit.

The thermal contact plate can be equipped in particular with a temperature sensor. The temperature of the contact plate can thus advantageously be determined.

Since the water vapour saturation of air decreases more and more at low temperatures and can be approximately zero at-40 ℃, air is not used as a moist carrier at such low temperatures.

Within the framework of a further embodiment, the battery conditioning system further comprises an adsorbate reservoir, in particular a water reservoir, for accommodating an adsorbate, in particular water. It is thus advantageously possible to provide the adsorbate, in particular water, for heating operation even at low temperatures.

The condenser can be connected or can be connected, in particular in a liquid-conducting manner, to an adsorbate reservoir, for example a water reservoir. In this case, the adsorbate storage, for example a water storage, can be supplied with the adsorbate, for example water, condensed in the condenser, in particular via a line. In particular, an adsorbate reservoir, for example a water reservoir, can be arranged below the condenser.

The evaporation material, in particular water, can be supplied with the adsorbate, in particular water, from an adsorbate reservoir, in particular a water reservoir, via an adsorbate feed, in particular a water feed, which is in particular equipped with a blocking device. The adsorbate feed, in particular the water feed, can in this case be designed in particular for feeding adsorbate, for example water, from the adsorbate reservoir, in particular the water reservoir, to the evaporation material. For example, the adsorbate reservoir, in particular the water reservoir, can have a volume of approximately 2l (2 liters). In particular, the water reservoir can be filled with distilled water or can be filled.

Furthermore, the battery regulation system can comprise an adsorbate temperature sensor, in particular a water temperature sensor, for measuring, for example, the adsorbate, in particular the water temperature, of the adsorbate reservoir, in particular of the water reservoir.

Since water freezes to ice at low temperatures, the adsorbate reservoir, for example the water reservoir, can be heated in particular. Advantageously, the frozen adsorbate, for example ice, can thus be thawed to liquid water before the battery regulation system is started at low temperatures, for example, as a result of which sufficient steam, for example water vapor, can be formed for heating operation.

In order to also be able to heat an adsorbate reservoir, for example a water reservoir, without a significant consumption of electrical energy, a latent and/or thermochemical heat store can be provided in particular.

Within the framework of a further embodiment, the battery regulation system therefore also comprises a latent and/or thermochemical heat store, in particular for heating an adsorbate reservoir, for example a water reservoir. The battery conditioning system can thus advantageously be used to heat the battery system even below 0 ℃ without significant consumption of electrical energy. In this case, the adsorbate reservoir, in particular the water reservoir, can be connected or connected to a latent and/or thermochemical heat store, for example, thermally, in particular by heat conduction. This can be achieved, for example, by means of at least one, in particular heat-conducting, metal rod or by means of a plurality of, in particular heat-conducting, metal rods, in particular the metal rod/rods can extend from the heat reservoir into an adsorbate reservoir, for example a water reservoir. The metal rods can be arranged, for example, parallel to one another. For example, the at least one metal rod or the plurality of metal rods can be constructed from a material with a thermal conductivity of ≧ 10W/mK. In this way, a sufficient heat transfer from the material of the heat store, for example the phase change material, to the adsorbate, for example water, in the adsorbate reservoir can advantageously be achieved. The at least one metal rod or the plurality of metal rods can be inserted, for example, firmly and hermetically into the adsorbate reservoir and, in particular, in the filled state of the reservoir, is completely surrounded by adsorbate, for example water.

The heat accumulator can be designed for storing thermal energy and for triggerably releasing the stored thermal energy. For example, the heat accumulator can be equipped with a trigger mechanism for triggering the release of the thermal energy stored in the heat accumulator.

The heat store can for example comprise a Phase Change Material (PCM). Such a material is able to transition from the solid state into the liquid state without a significant temperature change at its melting point during a phase transition, for so long that all molecules enter the liquid state, for example dissolve in the crystallization water of the material, accommodate the thermal energy and then store it permanently. By conducting pressure waves into the molten phase change material, for example at-30 ℃, the reverse process can be initiated and the phase change material can be solidified again, i.e. the crystallization can be caused by the removal of the stored heat, wherein the material is not heated to its melting temperature again.

The material of the heat accumulator, for example a phase change material, can be packaged in particular in, for example, a flexible and/or elastic, optionally moisture-proof covering, for example a plastic covering, such as a plastic bag. So that the volume change upon melting and solidification can be advantageously compensated. The encapsulation of the heat accumulator can be, for example, moisture-proof and, for example, not vacuum-tight.

The heat accumulator can be arranged in particular outside the adsorbate reservoir, for example a water reservoir.

For example, a small metal plate, which is in particular prestressed or can be prestressed, can be used as a triggering means, for example, using the so-called firecracker effect or detonation effect, and can be triggered, for example, mechanically and/or electrically, for example, by an electromagnet and/or a lifting magnet. The pre-tensioned metal plate can be fastened, for example, to the inner wall of the cladding of the heat accumulator. In this way, for example, a pressure wave for releasing stored thermal energy from the heat store and thus the heating of the adsorbate and the formation of vapor can be triggered. The metal platelet can, for example, again be prestressed by the volume increase of the phase change material during solidification. The metal platelet and thus the trigger mechanism can thus advantageously again automatically enter the trigger point of the metal platelet or of the trigger mechanism.

Suitable phase change materials can be, for example, potassium fluoride tetrahydrate (KF 4H)₂O) having a melting temperature of about 16 ℃. To heat approximately 2kg of ice from-30 ℃ to +16 ℃, energy Q = Ql + Q2 + Q3 is required approximately, i.e.: ql = m · c_EisΔ T = (2 kg · 2060J/kg · K) · 30K = 124 kJ plus Q2 = m · c_Schmelz= 2kg · 333.5J/kg = 667J ≈ 1kJ plus Q3 = m · C_wasserΔ T = (2 kg · 4187J/kg · K) · 16K = 134 kJ, which overall results in approximately 259 kJ. Since potassium fluoride tetrahydrate can have a heat of fusion of 228kJ/kg, approximately 1.15kg of potassium fluoride tetrahydrate is required for heating ice to 16 ℃. To achieve a more rapid heating of the store to 16 ℃, for example in 20min, 259kJ = 0.072 kWh [3 · 20min for example is required]=0.22kW[20 min]Corresponding to an amount of potassium fluoride tetrahydrate of 0.22 kW [20min ]]/[228 kJ/kg]= 1.16 kg. For example 2kg of potassium fluoride tetrahydrate can be used, including a safety margin.

Another suitable phase change material can be, for example, L (+) -2, 3-butanediol. 2, 3-butanediol is an aliphatic alcohol with two hydroxyl groups (OH-groups) and has the formula CH₃CH（OH）CH（OH）Ch₃(general chemical formula = C₄H₁₀O₂). L (+) -2, 3-butanediol has a slightly higher melting point, i.e., 19.7 deg.C, than potassium fluoride tetrahydrate.

The heat accumulator can be activated, for example, temperature-controlled and/or time-controlled and/or remotely controlled.

For example, the heat accumulator can be heated or regenerated by means of heat in the interior of a vehicle passenger.

In a further embodiment, the outer container and/or the water reservoir also has a water outlet, which is equipped with a locking device, in particular for discharging, for example, water in the form of steam and/or liquid. Such a water outlet can be designed in particular for discharging water out of the cell conditioning system and, for example, also out of the cell system, for example into the environment, in particular during regeneration of the sorbent and/or when a maximum level of the storage is reached.

This advantageously enables comparatively rapid removal of the air moistened with water vapor from the outer container or from excess (condensed) water which can gradually accumulate therein by dehumidification in a partially open system. A substantially maintenance-free battery conditioning system can thus advantageously be realized.

As long as the water outlet is designed, for example, to discharge water in the form of steam from the outer container, the water outlet can, for example, represent an outward passage, which represents, for example, a direct connection between the outer container and the environment, for example, a vehicle, and thus also from the sorbent container to the environment. It can thus advantageously be avoided that, during regeneration, water vapor enters the battery system again and can be taken up again by the sorbent after regeneration. The blocking means of the water outlet can be, for example, a solenoid valve.

As long as the water discharge opening is designed to discharge liquid water, for example, from a water reservoir, the water discharge opening can be, for example, a flood line (Ü berlaufleitung) with return protection.

If necessary, a low pressure can be applied to the water outlet. This advantageously speeds up the removal of water (steam) and saves heating time and, if necessary, energy.

Within the framework of a further embodiment, the battery regulation system further comprises an electronic device, in particular for controlling the blocking means of the gas inlet and/or the blocking means of the water outlet as a function of the temperature. For example, the electronic device can comprise an electrical bimetallic changeover switch (BWS) for this purpose. The electronic device can be integrated, for example, in a Battery Management System (BMS) or a battery management controller (BMS-ECU).

For example, the blocking means of the water outlet and/or the blocking means of the gas inlet can be controlled by electronic means. For example, the electronics can trigger a blocking means for the water outlet and/or a blocking means for the gas inlet, for example two solenoid valves, depending on the measurement result of the temperature sensor on the thermal contact plate.

For example, the electronics can control the blocking means of the water outlet and/or the blocking means of the gas inlet as a function of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor and/or the activation state of the sorbent heating device, for example when the sorbent heating device is switched on. For example, the blocking means of the gas inlet can be closed in an electronic controlled manner if the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is exceeded and/or if the sorbent heating device is activated, for example, when switched on. The blocking means of the water outlet can be opened, for example, by electronic means, if the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is exceeded and/or if the sorbent heating device is activated, for example, when switched on.

Within the framework of a further embodiment, the adsorbent heating device and/or the blocking means of the gas inlet and/or the blocking means of the water outlet and/or the blocking means of the steam inlet and/or the blocking means of the adsorbate supply can be supplied with regenerative energy, in particular generated during braking of the vehicle. Thereby advantageously saving power in the battery system.

Within the framework of a further embodiment, the battery conditioning system further comprises a fan, in particular for gas circulation, for example air circulation, in the interior of the battery system and/or for the inflow of gas, for example air, into the gas inlet. So that the efficiency of the dehumidifying operation can be advantageously improved.

In view of the further technical features and advantages of the battery regulation system according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the battery system according to the invention, the operating method according to the invention, the controller according to the invention and to the explanations in connection with the figures and the drawings.

Another aspect of the invention is a battery system comprising at least one battery cell and at least one battery conditioning system according to the invention. For example, the battery system can be a traction battery of a vehicle, for example an electric vehicle, and/or a hybrid vehicle, for example an electric hybrid vehicle, and/or a starter battery of a vehicle, for example a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, for example an electric hybrid vehicle, and/or a lithium battery system, for example a lithium ion battery system.

The battery system can in particular comprise a battery case for accommodating a battery cell, for example at least one battery module formed from several battery cells. The battery housing can in particular enclose an interior of the battery system.

Within the framework of one embodiment, the battery system, in particular the battery housing, comprises a pressure compensation unit, a so-called pressure compensation unit (PBU), which serves in particular for pressure compensation between the environment and the interior of the battery system, in particular the battery housing.

Within the framework of a further embodiment, the battery system further comprises a fan, in particular for gas circulation, for example air circulation, in the interior of the battery system and/or for flowing a gas, for example air, into the gas inlet of the battery conditioning system. So that the efficiency of the dehumidifying operation can be advantageously improved.

In view of the further technical features and advantages of the battery system according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the battery regulation system according to the invention, the operating method according to the invention, the controller according to the invention and to the explanations in connection with the figures and the drawings.

The invention further relates to a method for operating a battery conditioning system, in particular for dehumidifying and/or tempering a battery system, for example a battery conditioning system according to the invention, and/or a battery system, for example a battery system according to the invention.

In the method, in particular, an adsorbent or the weight of the adsorbent can be measured. The weight of the adsorbent can be measured, for example, continuously or at successively repeating intervals.

Within the framework of an embodiment, the adsorbent is heated in an adsorbent regeneration operation, as long as the weight of the adsorbent exceeds the upper weight limit. The upper weight limit can be selected, for example, such that it corresponds, for example, to a weight of the adsorbent at about 25 weight percent, for example, at about 20 weight percent, for example, at about 15 weight percent saturation of the adsorbate, for example, water.

Within the framework of an additional or alternative embodiment, the sorbent is heated during a sorbent regeneration operation, as long as the battery system is connected to an external charging station. The connection of the battery system to an external charging station can be determined, for example, by a battery management system. Charging at an external charging station advantageously provides the better possibility of heating the sorbent out with an electric current from an external source and, if necessary, of recovering the stored water.

Within the framework of a further embodiment, the heating in the sorbent regeneration operation is ended as long as the weight of the sorbent is below the lower weight limit. The lower weight limit can be selected, for example, such that it corresponds, for example, to a weight of the adsorbent at saturation of about 3 weight percent, for example, at about 10 weight percent of the adsorbate, for example, water.

The weight of the sorbent can be measured, for example, by a weight measuring element of the battery conditioning system.

The heating can be carried out, for example, by an adsorbent heating device of the battery conditioning system. For heating, for example (e.g., by means of a suitable operating strategy), energy in the battery system and/or regenerative energy which can be generated, in particular, during braking of the vehicle and/or energy in an external charging station can be used. In order to obtain a high lifetime, it can be advantageous to carry out the heating of the adsorbent slowly.

Alternatively or additionally, the heat generated during operation of the battery system can also be used for adsorbent regeneration, if necessary. Here, if necessary, the sorbent regeneration can likewise be used for cooling the battery system.

In the regeneration mode of the sorbent, the sorbent heating device can be activated or switched on, for example, by a gravimetric element.

In the regeneration mode of the sorbent and/or as long as the temperature of the sorbent, which can be determined, for example, by means of a temperature sensor, exceeds an upper temperature limit of, for example, approximately 40 ℃, the blocking means can be closed or held closed, in particular, for the gas to be dehumidified, which is supplied to the battery system. It can thus advantageously be avoided that steam can reach the battery system from the heated adsorbent.

The invention relates to a locking device for a water outlet which can be opened, for example, in a sorbent regeneration operation, in particular for discharging water, for example, in the form of steam and/or liquid, for example, into the environment, in particular from a cell conditioning system and/or from a cell system. The steam, for example a water seal, which is heated from the adsorbent during the adsorbent regeneration operation can thus advantageously be quickly released to the environment.

As an alternative or in addition thereto, for example, a blocking device of the steam supply can be opened during regeneration operation of the sorbent. The vaporous adsorbate, in particular water, released from the adsorbent during the adsorbent regeneration operation can thus advantageously be diverted into the condenser.

In the condenser, the adsorbate, for example water, is then condensed and fed, in particular in an adsorbent regeneration operation, to an adsorbate reservoir, for example a water reservoir.

The locking means of the adsorbate store or of the adsorbate feed, in particular of the water store or of the water feed, can be closed or remain closed, in particular during the regeneration operation of the adsorbent. It can thus advantageously be avoided that the adsorbate, in particular water, can reach the adsorbent to be regenerated by evaporating the material.

In particular, the blocking means of the gas inlet can be opened or opened in a dehumidification operation of the cell conditioning system, which can be carried out in particular when the cell conditioning system is not in a heating operation or in a cooling operation, which is explained later, or in an adsorbent regeneration operation. In the open connection to the battery system, moisture can advantageously be drawn out of the battery system via the adsorbent.

The blocking means of the water outlet can be closed or closed in particular during dehumidification operation. It can thus advantageously be avoided that moisture can enter from the outside through the water outlet.

The blocking means of the heating circuit, for example also the blocking means of the cooling circuit and/or the pump of the heating circuit and, for example, likewise the pump of the cooling circuit, can be deactivated, in particular turned off or closed, or already turned off or closed, during the dehumidification operation. It can thus advantageously be avoided that the battery cells are heated by the heat of the sorbent heating device.

The locking means of the adsorbate storage or of the adsorbate feed, in particular of the water storage or of the water feed, and/or of the steam inlet, can be closed or remain closed, in particular during dehumidification operation. It can thus advantageously be avoided that the adsorbate, in particular water, reaches the adsorbent via the adsorbate feed or from the adsorbate reservoir, for example via the water feed or from the water reservoir and/or from the condenser.

The fan can be switched on in particular during dehumidification operation. So that the efficiency of dehumidification can be advantageously improved.

In particular, during heating operation of the battery regulation system, the locking means of the adsorbate supply, for example of the water supply, in particular of the adsorbate supply or of the adsorbate reservoir, for example of the water supply or of the water reservoir, can be opened.

The heating operation can be performed, for example, as long as the ambient or external temperature and/or the temperature of the at least one battery cell is below a lower temperature limit of, for example, 0 ℃, for example 5 ℃.

As long as the temperature of at least one battery cell is below a lower temperature limit of, for example, 0 ℃, for example 5 ℃, for example, the adsorbate feed, for example the water feed, in particular the locking means of the adsorbate feed or of the adsorbate reservoir, for example the water feed or of the water reservoir, can be opened during the heating operation.

The evaporation material can thus be supplied with an adsorbate, for example water, which evaporates at the evaporation material and is supplied in vapor form to the adsorbent and can be absorbed by the adsorbent while delivering heat that can be used for heating. The battery system can then be advantageously heated by the heat output. It can thus advantageously be produced that the battery system, for example a traction battery, can be operated in an advantageous temperature range.

For example, the locking means of the adsorbate supply, for example a water supply, in particular of the adsorbate supply or of the adsorbate reservoir, for example of the water supply or of the water reservoir, can be at least at ambient or external temperature T_uT is not more than-30 DEG C_uAt ≦ 0 ℃ and/or at the unit temperature T_zT is not more than-30 DEG C_zOpened at ≦ 0 deg.C.

The heating operation can be performed in particular when the battery conditioning system is not in the adsorbent regeneration operation or in the dehumidification operation.

The temperature of at least one battery cell can be determined or measured, for example, by means of a temperature sensor or a thermal contact plate.

In the framework of a special embodiment, the adsorbate feed, for example the water feed, in particular the locking means of the adsorbate feed or of the adsorbate reservoir, for example the water feed or the water reservoir, are closed again during the heating operation, as long as the temperature of at least one cell reaches an upper temperature limit of, for example, 0 ℃ and optionally 5 ℃. Advantageously, the battery cell can automatically continue to be heated from a temperature of 0 ℃ to, for example, 5 ℃ by means of the energy output. It can therefore be sufficient to heat the battery cell only to 0 ℃ by means of the sorption heat, which results in a saving of the sorbent volume of, for example, approximately 2l (2 liters) or, for example, 2kg of sorbent weight.

In the heating mode, in particular, the blocking means of the heating circuit can be opened and/or the pump of the heating circuit can be activated or switched on. The heat of sorption generated in the sorbent during sorption can thus advantageously be used for heating.

In the heating mode, for example, the blocking means of the cooling circuit can be closed and/or the pump of the cooling circuit can be deactivated or switched off.

The blocking means of the gas inlet and/or the blocking means of the steam inlet can be closed or remain closed during heating operation, for example.

The adsorbate supply or adsorbate reservoir, for example a water supply or water reservoir, can be heated in a heating operation, for example by a heat store. If the ambient or external temperature or the temperature of the adsorbate, for example water (which can be determined, in particular, by an adsorbate temperature sensor, for example a water temperature sensor), is, for example, below a lower temperature limit of approximately 0 ℃, possibly approximately 5 ℃, for example, the adsorbate supply or the adsorbate reservoir, for example the water supply or the water reservoir, can be heated, for example, by a heat accumulator during the heating operation.

For example, the heat accumulator can be activated in the heating mode, for example by the introduction of pressure waves, if the ambient or external temperature or the temperature of the adsorbate, for example water, is below a lower temperature limit of approximately 0 ℃, if appropriate approximately 5 ℃.

As an alternative or in addition to this, the heat store can be activated, for example, in a time-controlled and/or remotely controlled manner. The time control can be advantageous, for example, in daylight with a constant daylight rhythm.

The material of the heat reservoir, for example a phase change material, can advantageously be regenerated after each use. Whether a phase change material is used can be determined and/or ascertained, for example, by means of a Battery Management System (BMS).

The material of the heat accumulator can be heated, for example, by heat in the interior of a vehicle passenger.

For example, the material of the heat accumulator can be heated in the regenerative operation of the heat accumulator by heat from the vehicle passenger interior as long as the temperature of the vehicle passenger interior exceeds a lower temperature limit, which is greater than or equal to the melting temperature of the material, for example, and can be approximately 20 ℃. The material of the heat accumulator can thus advantageously be regenerated and prepared for renewed heat output, in particular without using additional energy. For example, Phase Change Materials (PCMs) can be liquefied again.

Potassium fluoride tetrahydrate (KF.4H)₂O) can, for example, have a melting temperature of about 16 ℃. Suitable amounts of potassium fluoride tetrahydrate can be advantageously passed through a column with a temperature of from 18 ℃ to 21 ℃The heat in the vehicle occupant's cavity at a temperature of c has liquefied again after one hour.

As an alternative or in addition, regenerative energy, in particular energy generated during braking of the vehicle, can also be used for the regeneration of the heat accumulator.

Alternatively or additionally, the heat accumulator can also be regenerated, in particular automatically, during the regeneration operation of the sorbent, by means of the residual heat of the sorbent, for example water, which is condensed in the condenser and is diverted to the sorbent storage, for example a water storage. In this case, the heat of the adsorbate, for example water, can be transferred to the material of the heat store, for example by means of several metal rods.

Within the framework of a special alternative or additional embodiment, the regenerated energy, which is generated in particular during the braking of the vehicle, is used to heat the material, in particular the heat accumulator, and/or the adsorbent and/or the battery unit, and/or to open and/or close the gas inlet and/or the water outlet and/or the steam inlet and/or the adsorbent feed.

In particular, during a cooling operation of the battery control system, the locking means of the adsorbate supply, in particular of the water supply, for example of the adsorbate supply or of the adsorbate reservoir, for example of the water supply or of the water reservoir, can be opened.

The cooling operation can be performed, for example, as long as the ambient or external temperature and/or the temperature of the at least one battery cell is higher than an upper temperature limit of, for example, 35 ℃, for example 40 ℃.

As long as the temperature of at least one battery cell is above an upper temperature limit of, for example, 35 ℃, for example 40 ℃, it is possible, for example, to open the adsorbate supply, in particular the water supply, for example the locking means of the adsorbate supply or of the adsorbate reservoir, for example the water supply or of the water reservoir, in the cooling operation.

The evaporation material can thus be supplied with an adsorbate, in particular water, which evaporates at the evaporation material, wherein the resulting evaporative cooling can be used for cooling. The battery system can then advantageously be cooled. It can thus advantageously be produced that the battery system, for example a traction battery, can be operated in an advantageous temperature range.

The cooling operation can be performed in particular when the battery conditioning system is not in the adsorbent regeneration operation or in the dehumidification operation.

In the cooling mode, in particular, the blocking means of the cooling circuit can be opened and/or the pump of the cooling circuit can be activated or switched on. In this case, in the cooling mode, the blocking means of the heating circuit can be switched off or switched off and/or the pump of the heating circuit can be deactivated or switched off or deactivated or switched off.

The blocking means of the gas inlet and/or the blocking means of the steam inlet can be closed or kept closed during the cooling operation, for example.

Within the framework of a further embodiment, for example continuously, for example as an alternative or in addition to the weight of the sorbent, the measured resistance, in particular the insulation resistance, between the battery cells and/or from a positive potential, for example from HV +, to ground (ground) and/or from a negative potential, for example HV ", to ground (ground) is measured. The saturation of the adsorbent can then be determined from the resistance, for example. Alternatively or additionally, the adsorbent can thus be heated, for example, as a function of the electrical resistance. As long as the measured resistance, in particular the insulation resistance, between the battery cells and/or from a positive potential, for example from HV +, to ground (ground) and/or from a negative potential, for example HV-, to ground (ground) exceeds a limit value, the sorbent can be heated, for example (as an alternative or in addition to exceeding the upper weight limit of the sorbent). This advantageously provides a further possibility for determining the degree of saturation of the adsorbent. Furthermore, this reduction in the insulation resistance can be taken into account as a redundant control and/or safety criterion for the case in which the measurement of the weight of the sorbent should be omitted.

Within the framework of a further embodiment, for example, as an alternative or in addition to the weight of the sorbent, a special threshold function is determined, for example, on the basis of a numerical saturation model. This can be implemented, for example, in a battery management system in the form of a SW-function (SW-fusion). In this case, for example, if a certain saturation threshold is exceeded, a report is output and regeneration of the sorbent is initiated, for example, by a diagnostic system. This advantageously provides a further possibility for determining the degree of saturation of the adsorbent. Furthermore, this can be considered as a redundant control criterion and/or safety criterion for the case in which the measurement of the weight of the sorbent should be omitted.

In view of the further technical features and advantages of the operating method according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the battery regulation system according to the invention, the battery system according to the invention, the controller according to the invention and to the drawings and the figures.

The invention further relates to an electronic control unit, for example a battery management system, which is designed to carry out the operating method according to the invention.

In view of the further technical features and advantages of the controller according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the battery regulation system according to the invention, the battery system according to the invention, the operating method according to the invention and to the drawings and the figures.

Drawings

Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention are indicated by the figures and explained in the following description. It is to be noted here that the figures only have the described features and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. The figure is as follows:

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a cross-section of one embodiment of a battery conditioning system according to the present invention with a weight measuring element and an adsorbent heating device; and is

Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross section of a further embodiment of the cell conditioning system according to the invention with a weight measuring element and an adsorbent heating device as well as a condenser, a water reservoir, a heat accumulator and a vaporization mass.

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a battery conditioning system 1 according to the invention, which is designed for a battery system 100, for example formed from a plurality of battery modules 111So-called battery packs, which accordingly comprise a plurality of battery cells 110. FIG. 1 shows that the battery system includes a battery case 100^*For example, a so-called housing, which is equipped with a pressure compensation unit, a so-called pressure compensation unit (PBU), not shown in fig. 1, for pressure compensation between the environment and the interior of the battery system, in particular the battery housing.

Fig. 1 shows that the cell conditioning system 1 comprises an adsorbent 2 for reversibly adsorbing an adsorbate. The adsorbent 2 can be, for example, a zeolite, for example offretite a, for example in the form of zeolite pellets or zeolite granules. The adsorbate can be in particular water. The adsorbent can therefore also be described in particular as a desiccant. The water-saturated zeolite can advantageously again reversibly output the adsorbed water in the form of water vapor on heating and in this way be dried and regenerated for renewed water vapor containment.

Fig. 1 illustrates that the adsorbent 2 is accommodated in an adsorbent container 5 formed from perforated sheet material, which adsorbent container 5 is guided vertically by guides in the form of guide rails 6 and is placed on an electrical and/or mechanical spring switch 3 serving as a weight measuring element or weight sensor.

Fig. 1 shows that the battery regulation system 1 also comprises an electrical sorbent heating device 4 for heating and thus for dehydrating and, in particular, regenerating the sorbent 2.

As is evident from fig. 1, the battery regulation system 1 also comprises an outer container 7, in which the sorbent container 5 with the sorbent 2 is accommodated. The adsorbent container 5 can also be described as an inner adsorbent container or an inner desiccant container, and the outer container 7 can also be described as an outer adsorbent container or an outer desiccant container.

Fig. 1 shows that the outer container 7 comprises a gas inlet 8 for the gas to be dehumidified from the battery system 100 during dehumidification, which gas inlet is provided with a locking means in the form of a solenoid valve 8a with a magnet 8b, and a water outlet 9 for discharging the vaporous water from the battery conditioning system 1 into the environment, which water outlet is likewise provided with a locking means in the form of a solenoid valve 9a with a magnet 9 b.

Fig. 1 also illustrates that the battery regulation system 1 additionally comprises a thermal contact plate 10 for temperature control of at least one battery module 111 formed from a plurality of battery cells 110, which contact plate is equipped with a temperature sensor 11. Fig. 1 shows that the sorbent 2 is in thermal contact with the thermal contact plate 10 via the sorbent container 5 and/or the outer container 7 and/or the guide rail 6.

Fig. 1 illustrates that the battery regulation system 1 also comprises an electronic device 12, for example an electric bimetallic changeover switch (BWS), for the temperature-dependent control of the magnet 8b and the solenoid valve 8a of the gas inlet 8 and of the magnet 9a and the solenoid valve 9a of the water outlet 9. The solenoid valve 8a of the gas input port 8 can be, for example, a relatively large-area solenoid valve.

Fig. 1 shows that the electronic device 12 is not only designed to receive signals from the temperature sensor 11, but also to receive signals X from a Battery Management System (BMS), which is not shown in fig. 1. The signal X can, for example, signal whether the battery system 100 is charged at an external charging station.

Ambient air with a water vapor content or moisture content reaches the battery housing 100 via a pressure compensation unit, which is not shown in fig. 1^*In (1). In the dehumidification operation of the battery conditioning system 1, moist air can flow from the battery case 100^*Through the open gas inlet 8 to the adsorbent 2, so that the water contained therein is adsorbed by the adsorbent 2 and the air can thereby be dried.

In the regeneration mode of the sorbent, the gas inlet 8 can then be closed, the water outlet 9 opened and the sorbent 2 heated by the sorbent heating device 4, wherein water vapor can be removed from the cell conditioning system 1 and thus also from the cell system 100 via the water outlet 9.

The necessity of a sorbent regeneration operation can be determined by a spring switch 3 serving as a weight measuring element, which closes an electrical contact when an upper weight limit is exceeded, for example when the sorbent is approximately 15% saturated with water, so that the sorbent heating device 4 is switched on. Here, the activated sorbent heating device 4 can also act on an electronic device 12, for example an electric bimetallic changeover switch (BWS). In this case, one of the contacts of the electric bimetallic changeover switch can trigger the solenoid valve 9a which opens the water outlet 9, and the other contact of the electric bimetallic changeover switch can trigger the solenoid valve 8a which closes the water outlet 8. As long as the weight of the adsorbent 2 is below the lower weight limit, the heating of the adsorbent 2 is again ended, for example.

The embodiment of the battery regulation system 1 according to the invention shown in fig. 2 differs from the embodiment shown in fig. 1 essentially in that: the battery conditioning system 1 is also designed for tempering the battery system 100 in addition to dehumidification.

Fig. 2 shows that the battery regulation system 1 additionally comprises a condenser 13 for condensing the water vapor heated from the sorbent 2, a 17 water reservoir arranged below the condenser 13 for accommodating water, a latent and/or thermochemical heat store 18, for example a latent heat store, for heating the water reservoir 17, and an evaporation material 15 for evaporating the water. The sorbent 2 can be connected to the condenser 13 in a vapor-conducting manner via a vapor inlet 14 provided with a locking device 14a, for example an opening flap. The condenser 13 is in this case connected or connectable to a water reservoir 17 in a fluid-conducting manner, wherein the water condensed in the condenser 13 can be supplied to the water reservoir 17 via a line 13 a. In this case, the evaporation material 15 can be supplied with water from the water reservoir 17 by the water supply 16, which is provided with a locking device 16a, for example a locking flap. The evaporation material 15 and the adsorbent 2 are arranged at a distance from one another in this case via a space through which water vapor can pass.

Fig. 2 shows that the sorbent 2 is thermally connected, in particular via a heat exchanger 19 for battery heating, to a heating circuit H with a hydraulic pump H1 and a shut-off valve H2, wherein the evaporation material 15 is thermally connected to a cooling circuit K with a hydraulic pump K1 and a shut-off valve K2. In this case, the heating circuit H and the cooling circuit K are each in thermal contact with the thermal contact plate 10, so that the thermal contact plate 10 and thus in particular also the battery cells 110 or the battery modules 111 of the battery system 100 can be temperature-controlled by the heating circuit H and/or the cooling circuit K.

Fig. 2 illustrates that the battery conditioning system 1 or the battery system also has a fan 20 for air circulation during dehumidification. Furthermore, the battery regulation system 1 can be designed to receive a signal X from a Battery Management System (BMS), which is not shown in fig. 2. Here too, the signal X can, for example, signal whether the battery system 100 is charged at an external charging station.

For heating, the heating circuit shutoff valve H2 can be opened and the heating circuit hydraulic pump H1 can be switched on. In this case, the cooling circuit shut-off valve K2 can be closed in particular and the cooling circuit hydraulic pump K1 can be switched off. As long as the thermal operation is detected at ambient or external temperatures below 0 ℃, for example-30 ℃, the water in the form of ice contained in the water reservoir 17 can be heated and melted first by means of the heat accumulator 18, the heat output of which can be activated, for example, by the introduction of pressure waves. As long as an adsorption mass or water temperature sensor, not shown, reports a temperature of approximately +5 ℃, for example, greater than 0 ℃, the locking means 16a of the water supply 16 or of the water reservoir 17 can be opened, for example. Water vapor can then be formed in the evaporation material 15 and flows to the adsorbent 2, where it is adsorbed under heat output and can be turned on for cell heating. The hot fluid of heating circuit H can receive the generated heat of sorption via heat exchanger 19 and can be supplied to battery unit 110 by flowing through thermal contact plate 10. The locking means 8a of the gas entry opening 8 and the locking means 14a of the vapour entry opening 14 can remain closed here.

At a passenger compartment temperature of approximately 20 ℃, heat can be extracted from the vehicle interior in a suitable manner and can be used for the reliquefaction of the material of the heat store 19, which can be a Phase Change Material (PCM), for example. The heat store 19 can thus advantageously be prepared for renewed heat output.

For cooling, the cooling circuit shut-off valve K2 can be opened and the cooling circuit hydraulic pump K1 can be switched on. In this case, the heating circuit shut-off valve H2 can be closed, in particular, the heating circuit hydraulic pump H1 can be switched off. The hot fluid of cooling circuit K can thereby receive the cold sorption generated in vaporized material 15 and thus cool battery cells 110 while flowing through thermal contact plate 10. In this case, the locking means 16a of the water supply 16 or of the water reservoir 17 can be kept open. The blocking means 8a of the gas inlet 8 and the blocking means 14a of the steam inlet 14 can also be kept closed here just as during heating.

For example, if neither heating nor cooling is to be applied, the adsorbent 2 can be used to dehumidify the battery interior atmosphere. Here, the heating circuit H and the cooling circuit K can be not operated. The locking means 16a of the water supply 16 or of the water reservoir 17 and the locking means 14a of the steam inlet 14 to the condenser 13 can be closed, and the locking means 8a of the gas inlet 8 to the battery system 100 can be opened and the fan 20 for air circulation can be switched on. Unlike the aforementioned use case, there is no closed system but a partially open system because air is discharged from the battery case 100 at this time^*Is conducted through the adsorbent 2, said cavity having a definitive connection to the ambient air by means of a not shown pressure equalization unit (PBU). In this manner, air can be dehumidified and, if possible, existing condensed water can be removed within the battery system 100.

For example, weight measurement during operation can also be used to identify the need for dewatering the sorbent. For example, the adsorbent regeneration operation can be started with an increase in weight of the adsorbent 2 of about 15%. In this case, the locking means 8a of the gas inlet 8 and the locking means 16a of the water supply 16 or of the water reservoir 17 can be closed. The locking means 14a to the steam input 14 of the condenser 13 can be opened. The electrically operated sorbent heating device 4 can be switched on by means of a spring switch 3 serving as a weight measuring element. By heating the sorbent 2, water vapor can be generated, condensed in the condenser 13 and directed back into the water container 17 for reuse. The heating out can be terminated, for example, if the weight of the sorbent 2 is, for example, only still above 10% of the completely anhydrous weight of the sorbent. This can be brought about, for example, by a spring switch 3 which is influenced by hysteresis and which then opens again and thus switches off the sorbent heating device 4. So that heating can be advantageously carried out as desired and for as long as desired. If necessary, for example, in the case of a stationary vehicle, the battery of which can be charged at a charging station, the battery management system of the electronic device in the battery system 100 signals that the sorbent heating device 4 should be switched on. It is thus possible, with each charging of the battery system 100 at the charging station, to automatically (for example when the spring switch 3 fails to react or when the corresponding signal of the temperature sensor on the thermal contact plate 10 fails) heat the sorbent 2 out without electrical energy consumption and without a reduction in the active stroke and to recover the water for the thermochemical air conditioning of the battery system 100. As long as the battery system 100 is regularly charged at a charging station supplied by the power grid, this can be sufficient for adsorbent regeneration, for heat storage regeneration and for water recovery, if necessary, and thus for continuous preparation for air conditioning of the battery system 100, for example a traction battery. So that the consumption of energy of the battery system 100 can be advantageously avoided. If necessary, the reduction in the insulation resistance between the cells 110 and from HV + to ground and HV-to ground (which can be measured continuously if necessary) can also be used as a marker for the nominal start of the sorbent saturation and the heat-out process.

Advantageously, the entire process can be carried out in the system illustrated in fig. 2 in the installed state and, for example, during operation of the vehicle, as in the battery case 100^*Heating of the air in (1), cooling, dehumidification, weighing and dehydration of the adsorbent 2, water recovery and heat storage regeneration, e.g. liquefaction of Phase Change Material (PCM). So that for example component disassembly can be dispensed with. In addition, only one adsorbent 2 and only one water reservoir 17 can be used advantageously for different functions.

Claims

1. A battery conditioning system (1) for dehumidification and/or tempering of a battery system (100), comprising:

-an adsorbent (2) for adsorbing an adsorbate in the form of water, the adsorbent (2) comprising a zeolite,

-a weight measuring element (3) for measuring the weight of the adsorbent (2), and

-adsorbent heating means (4) for heating the adsorbent (2),

wherein the battery conditioning system (1) further comprises:

a thermal contact plate (10) for controlling the temperature of battery cells (110) of a battery system (100), wherein the thermal contact plate (10) is provided with a temperature sensor (11),

-a heating circuit (H) and a cooling circuit (K), each in thermal contact with a thermal contact plate (10), wherein the sorbent (2) is thermally connected to the heating circuit (H), and wherein an evaporation material (15) for evaporating the sorbent is thermally connected to the cooling circuit (K), wherein the evaporation material (15) is a fiber-based face formation.

2. The battery conditioning system (1) according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent heating device (4) for heating the adsorbent (2) can be activated as long as the weight of the adsorbent (2) measured by the weight measuring element (3) exceeds an upper weight limit, wherein the activation can be deactivated again on the basis of the heating of the adsorbent heating device (4) as long as the weight of the adsorbent (2) measured by the weight measuring element (3) falls below a lower weight limit.

3. The battery regulation system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the battery regulation system (1) further comprises an adsorbent container (5) for accommodating the adsorbent (2), wherein the adsorbent container (5) is vertically guided by the guide (6), wherein the adsorbent container (5) can be placed on the weight measuring element (3), and wherein the weight measuring element (3) is an electrical or mechanical spring switch.

4. The battery conditioning system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the battery conditioning system (1) further comprises an external container (7), wherein the external container (7) comprises a gas inlet (8) provided with a locking means (8 a) for the gas to be dehumidified in said battery system (100).

5. The battery conditioning system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the battery conditioning system (1) further comprises a condenser (13) for condensing the vapour heated from the adsorbent (2), wherein the condenser (13) comprises a vapour inlet (14) provided with a lock-up device (14 a) for feeding the vapour heated from the adsorbent (2) into the condenser (13).

6. The battery conditioning system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the evaporated material (15) is supplied with adsorbate through an adsorbate supply (16) provided with a locking device (16 a).

7. The battery conditioning system (1) according to claim 4, wherein the outer container (7) further comprises an adsorbate lead-out (9) for leading out vapour-like adsorbate, provided with a locking device (9 a).

8. The battery conditioning system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the battery conditioning system (1) further comprises an adsorbate reservoir (17) for accommodating an adsorbate, wherein the adsorbate condensed in the condenser (13) can be fed to the adsorbate reservoir (17), and/or wherein the adsorbate can be fed from the adsorbate reservoir (17) through the adsorbate feed (16) to the evaporation material (15).

9. The battery conditioning system (1) according to claim 8, wherein the battery conditioning system (1) further comprises a latent and/or thermochemical heat store (18) for heating the adsorbate reservoir (17).

10. The battery regulation system (1) according to claim 8, wherein the adsorbate reservoir (17) further comprises an adsorbate lead-out opening provided with a locking device for leading out the liquid adsorbate.

11. The battery conditioning system (1) according to claim 7, wherein the battery conditioning system (1) further comprises an electronic device (12) for the temperature-dependent control of the blocking means (8 a) of the gas inlet (8) and the blocking means (9 a) of the adsorbate outlet (9) for the removal of the vapour-like adsorbate.

12. The battery conditioning system (1) of claim 11 wherein said electronic device (12) is an electrical bimetallic transfer switch.

13. The battery conditioning system (1) of claim 1, wherein the adsorbent (2) comprises offretite a.

14. A battery system (100) comprising at least one battery conditioning system (1) according to any of claims 1 to 13 and comprising at least one battery cell (110).

15. An operating method for operating a battery conditioning system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13 for dehumidifying and/or tempering a battery system (100) or for operating a battery system (100) according to claim 14, in which method a weight of the adsorbent (2) is measured, wherein the adsorbent (2) is heated in an adsorbent regeneration operation as long as the weight of the adsorbent (2) exceeds an upper weight limit, wherein the heating is terminated in the adsorbent regeneration operation as long as the weight of the adsorbent (2) falls below a lower weight limit.