CN105988095B - Radio frequency receiving unit of magnetic resonance imaging equipment and method for improving dynamic range thereof - Google Patents

Radio frequency receiving unit of magnetic resonance imaging equipment and method for improving dynamic range thereof Download PDF

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CN105988095B
CN105988095B CN201510063875.0A CN201510063875A CN105988095B CN 105988095 B CN105988095 B CN 105988095B CN 201510063875 A CN201510063875 A CN 201510063875A CN 105988095 B CN105988095 B CN 105988095B
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CN105988095A (en
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关晓磊
谢强
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Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a radio frequency receiving unit of a magnetic resonance imaging device and a method for improving the dynamic range of the radio frequency receiving unit. The radio frequency receiving unit comprises a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter, a control unit and a data selection unit. The first analog-to-digital converter is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the first magnetic resonance analog signal and outputting a first magnetic resonance digital signal. The second analog-to-digital converter is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the second magnetic resonance analog signal and outputting a second magnetic resonance digital signal. The control unit provides one-dimensional selection information. The data selection unit selectively processes the first magnetic resonance digital signal and the second magnetic resonance digital signal according to the dimension selection information. The invention can not only improve the dynamic range, but also greatly reduce the index of the analog-digital converter, especially the requirement on the sampling precision, and reduce the cost of the analog-digital converter.

Description

Radio frequency receiving unit of magnetic resonance imaging equipment and method for improving dynamic range thereof
Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to signal processing in magnetic resonance imaging, and more particularly to a radio frequency receiving unit of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and a method of increasing a dynamic range of the radio frequency receiving unit.
Background
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an important application field of nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and nowadays, a Magnetic Resonance Imaging device has become one of the main tools for medical clinical diagnosis and basic scientific research. The basic principle of magnetic resonance imaging is to place the human body in a special magnetic field, excite the hydrogen nuclei in the human body with radio frequency pulses, cause the hydrogen nuclei to resonate, and absorb energy. After the radio frequency pulse is stopped, the hydrogen atomic nucleus sends out radio signals according to specific frequency, releases absorbed energy, is recorded by a receiver outside the body, and is processed by a computer to obtain an image.
In a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, a radio frequency system is a functional unit that performs radio frequency excitation and receives and processes radio frequency signals. The radio frequency system comprises a radio frequency transmitting unit and a radio frequency receiving unit. The radio frequency emission unit generates various radio frequency pulses meeting the sequence requirements under the action of the time schedule controller. The radio frequency receiving unit receives magnetic resonance signals generated by a human body under the action of the time schedule controller. The radio frequency receiving unit further performs amplification, demodulation, filtering, digitization and other processing on the weak magnetic resonance signal, and finally obtains data of a K space for providing to image reconstruction software.
Applications of magnetic resonance imaging apparatuses are today three-dimensional (3D) imaging in addition to conventional tomography, i.e. two-dimensional (2D) imaging. The 3D imaging is body excitation, and the 2D imaging is slice excitation, so the original signals acquired by the 3D imaging are much larger than the 2D imaging, and the converted signal power difference is about 30dB generally. In order to adapt to a large signal of 3D imaging, a radio frequency receiving system needs to satisfy a very large dynamic range, and a high-speed and high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC) needs to be selected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a radio frequency receiving unit of magnetic resonance imaging equipment and a method for improving the dynamic range of the radio frequency receiving unit.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a radio frequency receiving unit of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, including a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter, a control unit and a data selecting unit. The first analog-to-digital converter is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the first magnetic resonance analog signal and outputting a first magnetic resonance digital signal. The second analog-to-digital converter is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the second magnetic resonance analog signal and outputting a second magnetic resonance digital signal. The control unit provides one-dimensional selection information. The data selection unit selectively processes the first magnetic resonance digital signal and the second magnetic resonance digital signal according to the dimension selection information.
Optionally, the data selection unit processes only the first magnetic resonance digital signal when the dimension selection information indicates two-dimensional imaging, and processes one of the first magnetic resonance digital signal and the second magnetic resonance digital signal when the dimension selection information indicates three-dimensional imaging.
Optionally, when the dimension selection information indicates three-dimensional imaging, the first analog-to-digital converter further outputs an overflow indication signal, and when the overflow indication signal does not indicate overflow, the data selection unit processes the first magnetic resonance digital signal, and when the overflow indication signal indicates overflow, the data selection unit processes the second magnetic resonance digital signal.
Optionally, the radio frequency receiving unit further includes a split-range gain unit, which respectively outputs the first magnetic resonance analog signal and the second magnetic resonance analog signal according to the received magnetic resonance analog signal, where the first magnetic resonance analog signal is obtained by amplifying the magnetic resonance analog signal, and the second magnetic resonance analog signal is obtained by attenuating the magnetic resonance analog signal.
Optionally, the data selection unit further amplifies the second magnetic resonance digital signal to compensate for an attenuation of the second magnetic resonance analog signal relative to the first magnetic resonance analog signal.
Optionally, the rf receiving unit further includes a configuration unit, and the component path gain unit is configured with an amplification factor and an attenuation factor.
Optionally, the radio frequency receiving unit includes a plurality of channels, and each channel includes the first analog-to-digital converter, the second analog-to-digital converter, the control unit, and the data selecting unit.
The invention further provides a method for improving the dynamic range of a radio frequency receiving unit of a magnetic resonance imaging device, which comprises the following steps: performing analog-to-digital conversion on the first magnetic resonance analog signal by using a first analog-to-digital converter, and outputting a first magnetic resonance digital signal; performing analog-to-digital conversion on the second magnetic resonance analog signal by using a second analog-to-digital converter, and outputting a second magnetic resonance digital signal; providing one-dimensional selection information; and selectively processing the first and second magnetic resonance digital signals according to the dimension selection information.
Optionally, only the first magnetic resonance digital signal is processed when the dimension selection information indicates two-dimensional imaging, and one of the first magnetic resonance digital signal and the second magnetic resonance digital signal is processed when the dimension selection information indicates three-dimensional imaging.
Optionally, when the dimension selection information indicates three-dimensional imaging, the first analog-to-digital converter is further used to output an overflow indication signal, and when the overflow indication signal does not indicate overflow, the first magnetic resonance digital signal is processed, and when the overflow indication signal indicates overflow, the second magnetic resonance digital signal is processed.
Optionally, the method further includes outputting the first magnetic resonance analog signal and the second magnetic resonance analog signal respectively according to the received magnetic resonance analog signal, wherein the magnetic resonance analog signal is amplified to obtain the first magnetic resonance analog signal, and the magnetic resonance analog signal is attenuated to obtain the second magnetic resonance analog signal.
Optionally, the second magnetic resonance digital signal is also amplified when processing the second magnetic resonance digital signal to compensate for attenuation of the second magnetic resonance analog signal relative to the first magnetic resonance analog signal.
Optionally, the method further comprises configuring the amplification factor and the attenuation factor of the magnetic resonance analog signal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can not only improve the dynamic range, but also greatly reduce the indexes of the analog-digital converter, especially the requirement on the sampling precision, and reduce the cost of the analog-digital converter.
Drawings
Figure 1 shows an example amplitude waveform of a magnetic resonance receive signal.
Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a radio frequency receiving unit of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus of a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a fractional gain unit according to a first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of a radio frequency receiving unit of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus of a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of a radio frequency receiving unit of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus of a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows a method flow diagram of the first embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Embodiments of the present invention describe techniques to improve the dynamic range of a radio frequency receiving unit of a magnetic resonance imaging device.
In the general field of spectrometers, the measurement of a constant input amplitude signal (whether large or small) is best tuned to a full-scale measurement, which corresponds to the full-scale range of the analog input of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). If for large signals the effect of a high sampling accuracy ADC is not achieved anyway with a low dynamic range (low sampling accuracy/low number of sampling bits (bit)) ADC.
The situation is found to be different by analysis in the special field of magnetic resonance receive signals. Fig. 1 shows an example amplitude waveform of a magnetic resonance receive signal, which is similar to a Sinc wave. It can be seen from fig. 1 that the K-space distribution of the signal amplitude is sparse, i.e., the signal is characterized by a large middle signal and weak sides. The weak signal does not utilize the full bit width of the ADC. With a 16 bit (bit) ADC, less than 12 bits may be used. While the intermediate signal is narrow, occupying only about 4% of the time axis per line of data.
For magnetic resonance 3D imaging, the acquired 3D data has only about 4% of the large signal area per dimension. A simple estimate can be made accordingly: in a 100 x 100 3-dimensional lattice, 3D data occupies only 4 x 4 points, i.e. only 0.0064% of the total number of points.
Therefore, for the data acquisition path of magnetic resonance imaging, 2D scanning is the most common case, and almost 30dB of ADC dynamic range is always idle when processing with the same path. Embodiments of the present invention improve the dynamic range of the radio frequency receiving unit of the magnetic resonance imaging device by taking advantage of this 30dB ADC dynamic range.
First embodiment
Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a radio frequency receiving unit of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus of a first embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 2, the rf receiving unit 20 of the present embodiment includes an rf receiving coil 21, a low noise amplifier 22, a component path gain unit 23, a first analog-to-digital converter 24, a second analog-to-digital converter 25, a data selecting unit 26, a configuration unit 27, and a control unit 28. The radio frequency receive coil 21 may induce a weak magnetic resonance signal that is converted to a radio frequency electrical signal that is provided to a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) 22. After a series of processes such as a low noise amplifier 22, the radio frequency electrical signal is input into a component path gain unit 23. For simplicity, the present embodiment does not show and describe the components between the low noise amplifier 22 and the fractional gain unit 23.
The span gain unit 23 is responsible for outputting a first magnetic resonance analog signal and a second magnetic resonance analog signal according to the received magnetic resonance analog signal. The first magnetic resonance analog signal may be used to obtain a 2D imaging signal or a 3D imaging signal with a smaller dynamic range. The second magnetic resonance analog signal can be used to obtain a 3D imaging signal with a large dynamic range. That is to say, the first magnetic resonance analog signal is suitable for a smaller first measurement range, while the second magnetic resonance analog signal is suitable for a larger second measurement range. To meet the range requirement, the magnetic resonance analog signal may be subjected to appropriate gain processing to obtain a first magnetic resonance analog signal and a second magnetic resonance analog signal. Generally, the first magnetic resonance analog signal is obtained by amplifying the magnetic resonance analog signal. This signal is used to obtain a magnetic resonance analog signal with a small dynamic range, such as a 2D imaging signal or a 3D imaging signal with a small dynamic range. In addition, the second magnetic resonance analog signal is obtained by attenuating the magnetic resonance analog signal. The signal is used to obtain a magnetic resonance analog signal with a large dynamic range, for example, a 3D imaging signal with a large dynamic range.
Fig. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a fractional gain module according to a first embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 3, an exemplary structure of the component path gain unit 23 includes a power divider 31, an amplifier 32, and an attenuator 33. The power divider 31 divides the signal into two paths, one path is amplified in the amplifier 32, and the other path is attenuated in the attenuator 33.
The first analog-to-digital converter 24 is configured to perform an analog-to-digital conversion on the first magnetic resonance analog signal and output a first magnetic resonance digital signal. Similarly, the second analog-to-digital converter 25 is configured to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the second magnetic resonance analog signal and output a second magnetic resonance digital signal. Since the first magnetic resonance analog signal is amplified before entering the first analog-to-digital converter 24, it can be adapted to the full scale of the first analog-to-digital converter 24 without being too small. For 2D imaging with a small dynamic range of the signal, and for 3D imaging with a small signal acquired, the signal may be amplified and then enter the first analog-to-digital converter 24. In 3D imaging, the signal amplitude will be large and therefore attenuated to accommodate the full scale of the second analog to digital converter 25 without overflowing.
A data selection unit 26 is connected to the outputs of the first and second analog-to-digital converters 24, 25 for selectively processing the first and second magnetic resonance digital signals in accordance with a dimension selection information. Specifically, when the dimension selection information indicates 2D imaging, the data selection unit 26 processes only the first magnetic resonance digital signal; when the dimension selection information indicates 3D imaging, the data selection unit 26 processes one of the first and second magnetic resonance digital signals.
As described above, when the amplitude of the 3D imaging signal is small, the data selecting unit 26 can select to process the first magnetic resonance digital signal, and when the amplitude of the 3D imaging signal is large, the data selecting unit 26 can select to process the second magnetic resonance digital signal. The decision on how to select the signal can be made by a decision on the amplitude of the 3D imaging signal. For example, if the signal amplitude is large during 3D imaging, an additional over-voltage protection circuit 34 needs to be configured in the fractional gain unit 23, so that the signal passing through the first analog-to-digital converter 24 may overflow. An overflow indication signal OVR may be provided on the first analog-to-digital converter 24 to indicate whether overflow has occurred thereon. The data selection unit 26 processes the first magnetic resonance digital signal when the overflow indication signal OVR does not indicate overflow, and the data selection unit 26 processes the second magnetic resonance digital signal when the overflow indication signal OVR indicates overflow.
The gain processing may be compensated for in order to correctly recover the signal amplitude from the two signals that have been amplified and attenuated by different gain processing, respectively. For example, the data selection unit 26 may amplify the second magnetic resonance digital signal in the digital domain to compensate for an attenuation of the second magnetic resonance analog signal relative to the first magnetic resonance analog signal. Assuming that the amplification factor of the span gain unit 23 is a and the attenuation factor is D, the amplification factor of the second magnetic resonance digital signal is a x D.
The control unit 28 may provide the dimension selection information described above. The control unit 28 may generate the dimension selection information according to the 2D/3D imaging selection information of the sequence control unit 30.
The effect of this embodiment on improving the dynamic range is obvious: a difference of 30dB corresponds to an ADC bit number of 5 bits. If the present embodiment uses 2 12-bit ADCs, they have 7-bit coincidence, and there is a total dynamic range of 17 bits, which is higher than the sampling precision of the 16-bit ADC, so as to theoretically raise the dynamic range of the ADC by 6dB (if bit is raised by 1 bit, the corresponding dynamic range is raised by 6dB), and meanwhile, the cost of the 12-bit ADC is far lower than that of the 16-bit ADC.
It should be noted that 0.0064% of the 3D data uses only 12 bits of dynamic range, which is equivalent to 5 bits of dynamic range loss. From this the loss of signal-to-noise ratio is estimated:
10*lg(1+0.0064%*(2^5-1))=0.0086dB,
this loss is negligible, in exchange for a system dynamic range of 6 dB.
Second embodiment
If the dynamic range requirements in the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus change, for example, there is a higher requirement, the fixed amplifier and the attenuator can be replaced by a variable gain amplifier and an adjustable attenuator, respectively. In this case, the configuration can be flexibly performed by sequence according to different systems. Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of a radio frequency receiving unit of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus of a second embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 4, the amplifier 32 in the fractional step gain unit 23 is a variable gain amplifier, and the attenuator 33 is an adjustable attenuator. The configuration unit 27 of the present embodiment can configure the amplification factor and the attenuation factor for the split-range gain unit 23 through the control bus. Other contents of this embodiment are similar to those of the first embodiment, and will not be described herein.
Third embodiment
Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of a radio frequency receiving unit of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus of a third embodiment of the present invention. Unlike the single-channel rf receiving unit of the first and second embodiments, the rf receiving unit 30 of the present embodiment includes n channels 30_1,30_2, …,30_ n. Each channel may include a radio frequency receive coil 21, a low noise amplifier 22, a component path gain unit 23, a first analog-to-digital converter 24, a second analog-to-digital converter 25, a data selection unit 26, a configuration unit 27, and a control unit 28.
The contents of each channel in this embodiment are similar to those in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, and will not be described herein.
Fig. 6 shows a method flow diagram of the first embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 6, the method for improving the dynamic range of the radio frequency receiving unit of the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
performing analog-to-digital conversion on the first magnetic resonance analog signal by using a first analog-to-digital converter, and outputting a first magnetic resonance digital signal at step 61;
at step 62, performing analog-to-digital conversion on the second magnetic resonance analog signal by using a second analog-to-digital converter, and outputting a second magnetic resonance digital signal;
in step 63, providing one-dimensional selection information;
in step 64, the first and second magnetic resonance digital signals are selectively processed according to the dimension selection information.
The method of this embodiment may be implemented in any one of the rf receiving units shown in fig. 2, fig. 4 and fig. 5, and may also be implemented in other rf receiving units.
In step 64, only the first magnetic resonance digital signal is processed when the dimension selection information indicates two-dimensional imaging, and one of the first magnetic resonance digital signal and the second magnetic resonance digital signal is processed when the dimension selection information indicates three-dimensional imaging.
In step 64, when the dimension selection information indicates three-dimensional imaging, the first analog-to-digital converter is also used to output an overflow indication signal, and when the overflow indication signal does not indicate overflow, the first magnetic resonance digital signal is processed, and when the overflow indication signal indicates overflow, the second magnetic resonance digital signal is processed.
Optionally, before step 61, the method further comprises: and respectively outputting a first magnetic resonance analog signal and the second magnetic resonance analog signal according to the received magnetic resonance analog signal, wherein the magnetic resonance analog signal is amplified to obtain the first magnetic resonance analog signal, and the magnetic resonance analog signal is attenuated to obtain the second magnetic resonance analog signal. Accordingly, the second magnetic resonance digital signal is also amplified when processed at step 64 to compensate for the attenuation of the second magnetic resonance analog signal relative to the first magnetic resonance analog signal. Preferably, the amplification and attenuation of the magnetic resonance analog signal can be configured to accommodate a better dynamic range.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the invention have the following advantages:
1) and the dynamic range is improved.
2) The method greatly reduces the requirements on ADC indexes, particularly on sampling precision, and reduces the ADC cost.
3) Under the coordination of variable amplification and variable attenuation, higher lifting dynamic range can be adapted.
4) Whether in 2D or 3D imaging mode, the maximum signal transmission to the ADC analog input under each condition is ensured to be close to the full range of the ADC, and the dynamic range of the ADC is fully utilized.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the present specific embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and various equivalent changes and substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and therefore, it is intended that all changes and modifications to the above embodiments within the spirit and scope of the present invention be covered by the appended claims.

Claims (11)

1. A radio frequency receiving unit of a magnetic resonance imaging device, comprising:
the first analog-to-digital converter is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the first magnetic resonance analog signal and outputting a first magnetic resonance digital signal;
the second analog-to-digital converter is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the second magnetic resonance analog signal and outputting a second magnetic resonance digital signal;
a control unit providing a dimension selection information; and
a data selection unit for selectively processing the first magnetic resonance digital signal and the second magnetic resonance digital signal according to the dimension selection information; the data selection unit processes only the first magnetic resonance digital signal when the dimension selection information indicates two-dimensional imaging, and processes one of the first magnetic resonance digital signal and the second magnetic resonance digital signal when the dimension selection information indicates three-dimensional imaging;
when the dimension selection information indicates three-dimensional imaging, the first analog-to-digital converter also outputs an amplitude overflow indicating signal, when the amplitude overflow indicating signal does not indicate overflow, the data selection unit processes the first magnetic resonance digital signal, and when the amplitude overflow indicating signal indicates overflow, the data selection unit processes the second magnetic resonance digital signal.
2. The radio frequency receiving unit of claim 1, further comprising a range-dividing gain unit for outputting the first magnetic resonance analog signal and the second magnetic resonance analog signal according to the received magnetic resonance analog signal, wherein the first magnetic resonance analog signal is obtained by amplifying the magnetic resonance analog signal, and the second magnetic resonance analog signal is obtained by attenuating the magnetic resonance analog signal.
3. The radio frequency receiving unit of claim 1, further comprising a range-dividing gain unit for outputting the first magnetic resonance analog signal and the second magnetic resonance analog signal according to the received magnetic resonance analog signal, wherein the first magnetic resonance analog signal is obtained by amplifying the magnetic resonance analog signal, and the second magnetic resonance analog signal is obtained by attenuating the magnetic resonance analog signal.
4. The RF receiving unit of claim 3, wherein the data selecting unit further amplifies the second MR digital signal to compensate for attenuation of the second MR analog signal relative to the first MR analog signal.
5. A radio frequency receiving unit according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising a configuration unit configured with an amplification factor and an attenuation factor for the sub-path gain unit.
6. The RF receiving unit of claim 1, comprising a plurality of channels, each channel comprising the first ADC, the second ADC, the control unit and the data selection unit.
7. A method of increasing the dynamic range of a radio frequency receiving unit of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, comprising the steps of:
performing analog-to-digital conversion on the first magnetic resonance analog signal by using a first analog-to-digital converter, and outputting a first magnetic resonance digital signal;
performing analog-to-digital conversion on the second magnetic resonance analog signal by using a second analog-to-digital converter, and outputting a second magnetic resonance digital signal;
providing one-dimensional selection information; and
selectively processing the first and second magnetic resonance digital signals according to the dimension selection information; processing only the first magnetic resonance digital signal when the dimension selection information indicates two-dimensional imaging, and processing one of the first magnetic resonance digital signal and the second magnetic resonance digital signal when the dimension selection information indicates three-dimensional imaging;
when the dimension selection information indicates three-dimensional imaging, the first analog-to-digital converter is further used for outputting an amplitude overflow indicating signal, when the amplitude overflow indicating signal does not indicate overflow, the first magnetic resonance digital signal is processed, and when the overflow indicating amplitude signal indicates overflow, the second magnetic resonance digital signal is processed.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: the first magnetic resonance analog signal and the second magnetic resonance analog signal are respectively output according to the received magnetic resonance analog signal, wherein the magnetic resonance analog signal is amplified to obtain the first magnetic resonance analog signal, and the magnetic resonance analog signal is attenuated to obtain the second magnetic resonance analog signal.
9. The method of claim 7, further comprising: the first magnetic resonance analog signal and the second magnetic resonance analog signal are respectively output according to the received magnetic resonance analog signal, wherein the magnetic resonance analog signal is amplified to obtain the first magnetic resonance analog signal, and the magnetic resonance analog signal is attenuated to obtain the second magnetic resonance analog signal.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second digital mr signal is further amplified when processing the second digital mr signal to compensate for attenuation of the second analog mr signal relative to the first analog mr signal.
11. The method of claim 8 or 9, further comprising configuring the amplification and attenuation of the magnetic resonance analog signal.
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Patentee after: Shanghai Lianying Medical Technology Co., Ltd

Address before: 201807 2258 Chengbei Road, Jiading District, Shanghai

Patentee before: SHANGHAI UNITED IMAGING HEALTHCARE Co.,Ltd.