CN105980110A - Replaceable gripping inserts for wrenches - Google Patents
Replaceable gripping inserts for wrenches Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105980110A CN105980110A CN201580007086.3A CN201580007086A CN105980110A CN 105980110 A CN105980110 A CN 105980110A CN 201580007086 A CN201580007086 A CN 201580007086A CN 105980110 A CN105980110 A CN 105980110A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- jaw
- unit
- plug
- spanner
- base material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims 3
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- WNUPENMBHHEARK-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tungsten Chemical compound [Si].[W] WNUPENMBHHEARK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000914 Metallic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
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- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
- B25B13/48—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes
- B25B13/50—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating on work of special profile, e.g. pipes
- B25B13/5008—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating on work of special profile, e.g. pipes for operating on pipes or cylindrical objects
- B25B13/5016—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating on work of special profile, e.g. pipes for operating on pipes or cylindrical objects by externally gripping the pipe
- B25B13/5025—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating on work of special profile, e.g. pipes for operating on pipes or cylindrical objects by externally gripping the pipe using a pipe wrench type tool
- B25B13/5041—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating on work of special profile, e.g. pipes for operating on pipes or cylindrical objects by externally gripping the pipe using a pipe wrench type tool with movable or adjustable jaws
- B25B13/505—Pivotally moving or adjustable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
- B25B13/10—Spanners; Wrenches with adjustable jaws
- B25B13/28—Spanners; Wrenches with adjustable jaws the jaws being pivotally movable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
- B25B13/58—Jaw attachments
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints
- E21B19/161—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints using a wrench or a spinner adapted to engage a circular section of pipe
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses replaceable gripping inserts for wrenches. Gripping inserts used in a wrench having a collection of moveably positionable jaws which is pivotally affixed to a handle are described. The wrench and gripping inserts find particular application in drilling industries. Also described are particular materials and characteristics for the gripping inserts. In addition, methods for configuring and/or sizing the gripping inserts are described.
Description
Technical field
This theme relates to the replaceable crawl plug-in unit of instrument (such as spanner).This theme further relates to
Utilize and capture the instrument that plug-in unit engages with the cylindrical part generally used in drilling operation.This theme
Further relate to for configuring the method capturing plug-in unit.
Background technology
Core barrel assembly be used in various the drilling industry (such as mining, oil drilling, water well drilling,
Field with geological drilling) and survey in industry.Core barrel assembly is used at drilling conduit afterbody
Place obtains core sample.Typical core barrel assembly includes inner tube assembly and outer tube assembly.Outer tube assembly
Comprise inner tube assembly and provide and the joint of other probings parts (such as drill string or drilling rod set).
During core sampling operates, after the bottom section from boring collects core sample, inner tube
Assembly comprises this core sample.Use the rope being pulled through drilling rod to come from foot of hole and obtain inner tube
And core sample.
According to core barrel assembly and/or the configuration of inner tube, various parts can be with interior pipe joint, such as rock
Core tube head and corer.These parts and other possible parts are threaded connection and connect with inner tube
Close.Must be threaded separated from one another to remove core sample by these.
Make threaded parts and interior pipe joint or separated (be such as included in inner tube obtaining
During core sample) be probably problematic.May require the moment of relative high levels.Dirt and chip
Possible coating member and/or screw thread.It is exposed in core drilling fluid or is in contact with it be likely to result in additionally
Problem.Bentonite drilling fluid comprises mud particles and can have slight erosion.Drilling fluid also may be used
To include that polymer filtration controls and stabilizer, lubricating oil (such as drilling rod grease) and cutting oil.
These agent existence in inner tube and/or threaded portion can hinder joint or lock out operation further, special
It not particularly true in the case of the outer surface of pipe comprises lubricant.
Core barrel assembly is typically the machining assembly with relatively high tolerance.It is therefore important that
Such as by using conventional tube spanner not damage the outer surface of inner tube.Typical pipe wrench have with
The pipe joint face of tooth, these teeth can form " prod mark ", burr or other surfaces on the outer surface of inner tube
Defect.Additionally, if pipe wrench applies excessive power, inner tube may deform.
In view of these and other reasons, the drilling industry generally uses the special spanner with friction coatings
Capture core barrel assembly and particularly capture inner tube.Although being gratifying in some respects, but
Need nonetheless remain for improve instrument with and related methods to be securely engaged in the case of not damaging parts
Core barrel parts (such as inner tube).
Summary of the invention
This crawl plug-in unit, the spanner utilizing this crawl plug-in unit and associated method of use solve with before
Difficulty that known practice and instrument are associated and defect.
On the one hand, this theme provide a kind of be suitable in the spanner with multiple jaw member use can
Change and capture plug-in unit.At least some in described jaw member has the dress accommodating and keeping described crawl plug-in unit
Put.Described crawl plug-in unit includes the base material limiting concavity inner face.Described base material along inner face show scope from
The HRC of 40 to 49.Described crawl plug-in unit also includes arranging along the inner face of base material and to be bonded to this interior
The layer containing metal carbides in face.Described layer limits the crawl surface exposed.
On the other hand, this theme provides a kind of spanner, and described spanner includes defining the first end and with first
Hold the handle of the second relative end.Described spanner also includes first jaw with near-end, far-end, the first pincers
Mouth defines inside face, and the near-end of the first jaw is pivotally attached to the first end of handle.Spanner
Also including second jaw with near-end, far-end, the second jaw defines inside face, and the second jaw
Near-end is pivotally attached to the far-end of handle at the first adapter assembly.Described spanner also includes having closely
End, the 3rd jaw of far-end, the 3rd jaw defines inside face, and the near-end of the 3rd jaw is in the second joint group
The far-end of the second jaw pivotally it is attached at part, and the first end of the far-end of the 3rd jaw and handle
It is releasably coupled.Described spanner also includes and at least in the first jaw, the second jaw and the 3rd jaw
At least one of individual inside face attachment captures plug-in unit.Described crawl plug-in unit includes: (i) defines concavity inner face
Base material, described base material shows, along inner face, the HRC that scope is from 40 to 49, and (ii) is along base
The inner face of material is arranged and is bonded to the layer containing metal carbides of this inner face, and described layer defines exposure
Capture surface.
On the other hand, this theme provides a kind of spanner, and described spanner includes defining the first end and the second end
Handle.Described spanner also includes hinged multiple jaw member.The plurality of jaw member includes and handle
The main jaw member that is attached rotationally of the first end pivoting and the end jaw member that can engage with handle.Institute
That states in multiple jaw member each defines inside face.Described spanner also include with in multiple jaw member
At least one of the inside face attachment of at least one captures plug-in unit.In described crawl plug-in unit includes defining concavity
The base material in face.Described base material shows, along inner face, the HRC that scope is from 40 to 49.Described crawl plug-in unit
Also include arranging along the inner face of base material and being bonded to the layer containing metal carbides of this inner face.Described layer
Define the crawl surface of exposure.
On the other hand, this theme provides a kind of for assessing the crawl plug-in unit of the suggestion in spanner with specific
The method whether being used together in specifying factor of safety of pipe.Described method includes validating that the internal diameter of pipe, pipe
External diameter, the elastic modelling quantity of pipe and the Poisson's ratio of pipe.Described method also includes capturing described in suggestion plug-in unit
Elastic modelling quantity and the Poisson's ratio of crawl plug-in unit.Described method also includes that suggestion captures the internal diameter of plug-in unit, crawl
The external diameter of plug-in unit and the circumferential length of crawl plug-in unit.Described method also includes calculating and utilizes grabbing of described suggestion
Take the circumferential pressure P of plug-in unit, the formula (IV) such as wherein pass through and (V) calculates circumferential pressure P.Described method
Also include determining that GR is compared in crawl when capturing plug-in unit proposed by use.Described method also includes utilizing equation
(VI) the pressure P' after regulation is calculated.Described method also includes validating that the maximum yield value P of pipeMAX.Described side
Method also includes specifying minimum safe factor FSMIN.Described method also include the formula (VII) such as utilization calculate safe because of
Sub-FSCALC.Described method also includes factor of safety FS that will calculateCALCWith minimum safe factor FSMINEnter
Row compares.If factor of safety FS calculatedCALCLess than or equal to minimum safe factor FSMIN, then institute
The crawl plug-in unit of suggestion is in the factor of safety specified.If factor of safety FS calculatedCALCMore than minimum
Factor of safety FSMIN, then proposed captures plug-in unit not in the factor of safety specified.
Arrive as will be appreciated, in the case of without departure from claimed theme, described herein
Theme can have other and different embodiments, and multiple details of this theme can be each side
Face is modified.Therefore, drawing and description should be considered to be illustrative and not restrictive.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the spanner according to this theme.
Fig. 2 is the top plan view of the spanner described in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the end-view of the spanner of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the other end view of the spanner of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 illustrate in the close position in the spanner of Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 illustrates the spanner of the Fig. 1 being in the fully-open position.
Fig. 7 also illustrates that the spanner of the Fig. 1 being in the fully-open position.
Fig. 8 illustrate load apply and during the commitment that engages with inner tube or miscellaneous part along
The contact pressure in friction material region.
Fig. 9 illustrate apply bigger duration of load along friction material region contact pressure point
Cloth.
Figure 10 illustrates the engagement features between some parts of the spanner of this theme.
Figure 11 illustrates the feature of the power for placing the excessive level applied by the spanner of this theme.
Figure 12 illustrates the self-locking feature of the spanner of this theme.
Figure 13 is the detail view of the joint between two nips of the spanner according to this theme.
Figure 14 is according to the multiple jaws used in the spanner of this theme and the view of biasing member.
Figure 15 schematically illustrates for assessing the method capturing plug-in unit according to this theme.
Figure 16 shows multiple crawl plug-in units being positioned at around pipe to be captured and used herein
The schematic diagram of various labellings.
Detailed description of the invention
This theme provides a kind of spanner, this spanner be adapted uniquely to and core barrel assembly relevant
The joint of the parts of connection and separation use.Although the spanner of this theme is described herein as and rock
The inner tube of core-pipe subassembly is used together, it will be appreciated that, the spanner of this theme is applicable to except driller
Industry beyond industry and other purposes.Generally, the spanner of this theme includes handle and hingedly or pivot
Multiple jaw member that axle connects rotationally.The set of jaw member can be positioned in open position and
Between make position, in described open position, inner tube or miscellaneous part can be positioned in by jaw
In the capture area limited;In described make position, jaw engages and is placed in capture area
Workpiece.
In some patterns of this theme, spanner also includes being positioned as the specific of the inner face along jaw
Friction material, it promotes and the inner tube being positioned in or be positioned in capture area or the friction of miscellaneous part
Engage.
In some patterns of this theme, spanner also includes making jaw or multiple jaw bias to certain bits
One or more biasing member put, such as spring.Especially, some patterns of spanner include by
Jaw biases or is pushed to the biasing member of make position.But, this theme is additionally included in wherein jaw
It is biased to the configuration of open position.
In some patterns of this theme, spanner also includes helping to grasp the one of one or more jaw
Individual or more parts.For instance, it is possible to provide projection or outwards on one or more in jaw
Component that extend, that can be grasped by user.
In some patterns of this theme, spanner also includes the joint limiting one or more jaw
(articulation), Angle Position and/or the parts of movement.These parts can be incorporated in spanner with
Limit the opening degree of jaw.
In some patterns of this theme, spanner is additionally included in during jaw is joined to pipe, to being positioned at
Inner tube in capture area or the device of other cylindrical parts specific contact patterns of imparting.Along with being applied in
To the increase of the load of inner tube, specific contact patterns makes contact surface area increase and promotes evenly
Ground apply friction and spanner and inner tube between evenly power transmission.
In some patterns of this theme, spanner also includes jaw and handle or is associated with spanner
Contact angle between parts and specific engagement arrangement carry out the device utilized.This engagement arrangement helps
During the use of spanner between the parts power transmission.
In some patterns of this theme, spanner also utilizes stop feature, and it stops the use at spanner
The power of period excessive level is passed to inner tube.
In the other pattern of this theme, spanner also includes self-locking feature, in this self-locking feature,
The Guan Bi of the multiple jaws around inner tube is further promoted during the use of spanner.
And in some patterns of this theme, spanner includes that cover or preventer are with the use at spanner
Period limits and enters the region occurring to engage between jaw and handle.
In some patterns of this theme, it is provided that the specific crawl plug-in unit can being used together with spanner.
Capture plug-in unit to be removable and the jaw of described spanner can be joined to and remove from described jaw.
In specific pattern, combination based on factor determines the size capturing plug-in unit, to treat grabbing workpiece
Or parts are provided with specific aim and desired power.
In other patterns of this theme, it is provided that for crawl plug-in unit is configured and/or determines
The ad hoc approach of size and strategy.
Moreover, it will be understood that the spanner of this theme or crawl plug-in unit are limited to absolutely not and core barrel assembly
Inner tube be used together.On the contrary, it is contemplated that, spanner and/or crawl plug-in unit can be used various
In other field and application.Furthermore, it will be understood that, it is special that this theme includes having one or more
Levy or aspect and these features or aspect combination spanner and/or capture plug-in unit.This theme is presented herein below
Spanner and capture the various features of plug-in unit and the details of aspect.
Fig. 1 illustrates the perspective view of the spanner 10 according to this theme.Fig. 2 is the spanner shown in Fig. 1
The top plan view of 10.Spanner 10 includes having near-end 22 and show greatly the hands of the far-end shown in 24
Handle 20.Spanner 10 also includes multiple jaw member or nip part.In the pattern that Fig. 1 describes, pull
Hands 10 includes first or main jaw the 30, second jaw 40 and the 3rd or end jaw 50.It should be understood that
It is that the spanner of this theme can utilize small number of jaw, such as two, or greater number of
Jaw, such as four, five, six or more.
As being more fully described herein, by workpiece (not shown) is positioned at by multiple jaws
Spanner 10 is used in the capture area C limited.When applying the most in FIG by arrow to handle 20
During the power that head M illustrates, capture area C, around internal tube shrinks, contacts and engages inner tube.This
Literary composition provides in terms of these and each details in other features.With further reference to Fig. 1,
First jaw 30 limits near-end 31 and far-end 32.Second jaw limits near-end 41 and far-end 42.The
Three jaws 50 limit near-end 51 and far-end 52.Each jaw member also defines the face being directed inwardly toward.
Therefore, the first jaw member 30 limits inside face 33, and the second jaw member 40 limits inside face 43,
And the 3rd jaw member 50 limits inside face 53.The near-end 31 of the first jaw 30 is the most attached
Receive the far-end 24 of handle 20.Although various assembly and configuration can be utilized, but in the type of Fig. 1
Depicting pivot pin 60 in formula, it extends across the alignment limited in the first jaw 30 and handle 20
Perforate.What the far-end 32 of the first jaw 30 was the most generally marked as joint A first connects
The near-end 41 of the second jaw 40 pivotally it is attached at head assembly.In the pattern of Fig. 1, pivot
Pivot pin 62 extends across the perforate of the alignment limited in the first jaw 30 and the second jaw 40.Second
The far-end 42 of jaw 40 is the most substantially marked as pivot at second adapter assembly of joint B and turns
It is attached to the near-end 51 of the 3rd jaw 50 dynamicly.In the pattern shown in Fig. 1, pivot pin 64 extends
It is passed through in the second jaw 40 and the 3rd jaw 50 perforate of the alignment limited.One or more card
Ring or holding member can be used in combination with pivot pin 60,62 and/or 64.The 3rd jaw 50 He
Between handle 20, particularly at the far-end 52 of the 3rd jaw 50 and the far-end 24 of handle 20 or
Other joint elements are provided at far-end 24.Describe in further detail these junction surfaces herein
Part.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 illustrates the end-view of the spanner 10 described in Fig. 1.Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 illustrates
The aspect that spanner is other.
Spanner 10 can also include one or more friction promoting to engage with inner tube or miscellaneous part
Material area.In the pattern shown in Fig. 1, spanner 10 include being arranged in the first jaw 30,
Friction material on each in the inside face 33,43 and 53 of the second jaw 40 and the 3rd jaw 50
70.This friction material can be provided with various different forms and layout.Generally, friction material is
Be arranged in jaw inside face at least some of on layer or the form in region.Some types at this theme
In formula, friction material includes metal carbides, such as but not limited to tungsten carbide.In some of this theme
In pattern, friction material includes one or more of fibrous material, the most one or more of fiber-like
Type overall.Fiber can be to arrange in a organized way, such as weaving textile, or can be not knit
Make.In some patterns, friction material as described in more detail herein be compressible.For
For friction material includes the pattern of fiber wherein, fiber be typically metallic fiber, polymer fiber,
Glass fibre or a combination thereof.In specific pattern, friction material can be dispersed in polymeric matrix
In the form of glass fibre.Various metals fiber can be used, such as but not limited to: steel, pyrite,
Magnesium and combinations thereof.The non-limiting example of polymer fiber includes polyamide and is also known as especiallyPPTA.Metal agent, component of polymer and other materials
Combination can be used for friction material with layout in various proportions.In many patterns of this theme, rub
Wipe material without asbestos.
As it has been described above, in some patterns of this theme, friction material is compressible.Can reference
This aspect is quantified by the typical range of the elastic mould value of friction material.Therefore, in some patterns
In, friction material shows the elastic modelling quantity of 15ksi to 1500ksi.
Friction material can be carried to or be fastened to one or more movable member, such as, carry
Element, described movable member is again pieceable along the inside face of jaw.It is also contemplated that,
Friction material can be directly attached to the inside face of jaw.Multiple joining technique and/or parts can by with
In friction material being attached or fixed to load-carrying unit and/or to jaw.For instance, it is possible to use machinery to connect
Component, such as rivet, threaded fastener, pin, screw or miscellaneous part.Sintering technology can be passed through
In the way of metallurgical, friction material is bonded to its bottom substrate be attached or fixed to hold by friction material
Carry element and/or to jaw.It is also contemplated that use adhesive that friction material is adhesively bonded to carrying unit
Part and/or to jaw.By coating or spraying technology, friction material can also be put on or with other
Mode is formed on load-carrying unit or jaw.
In some patterns of this theme, the exposed face of friction material can provide or be formed as showing
Recess or the set of passage, these recesses or passage extend across at least some of of friction material charge level.
At chip with in the case of especially liquid film is arranged on the outer surface of inner tube or miscellaneous part, this join
It can be useful for putting.When the face of friction material contacts inner tube, chip and/or liquid film are pushed in friction
The recess limited in the face of material or passage at recess or passage internal shift, thus promote friction material
And the close contact between interior tube-surface.Therefore, in some patterns of spanner, friction material mask
There are at least some of many recesses extended along this face.Many recesses have and be enough to accommodate from interior
The liquid of tube outer surface and/or the size of chip and/or configuration.
In many embodiments of this theme, provide friction material district with the form of replaceable crawl plug-in unit
Territory, such as region 70.
In some patterns of this theme, replaceable crawl plug-in unit is positioned along the inside face of jaw,
The boring assemblies which promoted and be positioned in capture area or the frictional engagement of inner tube of miscellaneous part.
Each crawl plug-in unit includes the concave surface of the outer surface for contacting pipeline to be captured or pipe.Energy
Enough require to select the material of plug-in unit, thickness and roughness based on application-specific.
In the specific pattern of this theme, the concavity gripping surface of plug-in unit or surface are coated with one or more
Various metals carbide, such as tungsten carbide.As described in more detail herein, tungsten carbide can pass through
Electrodeposition technology and deposit.Electro-deposition is a kind of ad hoc approach, and this theme is included in the crawl of plug-in unit
Depositing silicon tungsten and/or the additive method of other metal carbides on surface.
In some patterns of this theme, capture plug-in unit and include iron-based material, particularly wrought iron base material.Forging
The non-limiting example of iron-based material includes wrought iron 4140 and D-4512.Another example of substrate material is
Steel.This theme include the use of multiple substrate material, such as model be FN-0208-105HT can business
The powdered-metal base material that industry obtains, it is to be considered as the standard metal material of nickel steel.Substantially any material
Material can be used for capturing the base material of plug-in unit, as long as it is to conduct electricity and enough hard as described herein
Hard.
Regardless of being which kind of material for capture the selection of plug-in unit base material, in many embodiments of this theme,
Base material along its inner face (that is, towards treating grabbing workpiece or pipe and being coated with one or more of metal
The face of carbide) show particular stiffness.In certain embodiments, the HRC of base material inner face
It is about 40 to about 49, is more particularly 45 to 48, and is 47 in certain embodiments.At mark
Quasi-ASTM E18 and ISO 6508-1 describes Rockwell hardness and measurement thereof.
For described embodiment, the hardness of the inner face capturing plug-in unit should be relatively hard and in described Lip river
In family name's hardness range.If the hardness of the inner face of base material is too hard, i.e. to be greater than about Rockwell hard for its Rockwell hardness
Degree C50, then capturing plug-in unit may be the most crisp and can not bear typical final utilization condition.If
The hardness of the inner face of base material is too soft, and such as its Rockwell hardness is less than about HRC 38, then metal carbon
Chalcogenide particles or agglomerate can be pressed in the inner face of the base material capturing plug-in unit during use.
As it was previously stated, capture plug-in unit to generally include the metal on the inner face being deposited on the base material capturing plug-in unit
Carbide thin layer, in particular tungsten carbide thin layer.Generally, the scope of the thickness of metal carbide layer from
0.0045 inch (114.3 microns) to 0.0075 inch (190.5 microns).However, it should be understood that
It is that this theme includes that thickness is more than and/or is less than the metal carbide layer of these values.
Multiple technologies can be used to be formed or otherwise deposit to metal carbides capture plug-in unit
On inner face.The non-limiting example of this technique is electro-deposition.During electro-deposition, electric current is through base material
With the source of metal carbides, thus cause metal carbide material temperature to raise, and melt or with
Other modes melt to the base material of lower section, thus form metal carbides thin layer.
In the certain methods of this theme, by carbonaceous deposits to when capturing on plug-in unit, its of plug-in unit
His surface can be covered so that depositing silicon tungsten the most thereon.This measure maintains the size of plug-in unit
And guarantee along the inner face of jaw or spanner, plug-in unit is properly loaded its housing region.Desirably
Plug-in unit is carried out the most fixed and positioned so that spanner, its parts and crawl plug-in unit can bear
That be commonly applied and higher load.
By threaded fastener, each crawl plug-in unit can be attached to the jaw of spanner.But, this master
Topic includes miscellaneous part and method for crawl plug-in unit is attached to jaw.
The thickness capturing plug-in unit also is able to be varied so that spanner can be with the pipeline of special diameter or pipe one
Rise and use.
In the specific pattern of this theme, the circumferential length of each plug-in unit or arc length make to use in spanner
Total circumferential length of plug-in unit set or arc length more than pipeline to be captured or the half of the girth of pipe.Again
Illustrate, when being incorporated in spanner, capture extend around the periphery of plug-in unit surrounding target pipe or pipeline and
Contact at least 180 °.
In the another aspect of this theme, each crawl plug-in unit is provided as having special ratios.Described ratio
The circumferential length recorded along the gripping surface of plug-in unit or arc length size is made to be more than the gripping surface width of plug-in unit
2/3.When at the fixing of plug-in unit and using in spanner on tubular workpiece, capture the broad-ruler of plug-in unit
The very little middle wire mandrel being parallel or generally parallel to tubular workpiece extends.The length dimension capturing plug-in unit is horizontal
Pass through width dimensions.The other details that capture plug-in unit is provided herein.
The spanner of this theme can also include one or more biasing member, and it is by one or more
Jaw is shifted onto relative to handle and/or relative to the ad-hoc location of other jaws.In some patterns, partially
Put component (such as double torsion spring) to be positioned between the first jaw 30 and the far-end 24 of handle 20.
Such as, biasing member can be arranged as around pivot pin 60, and can be configured to by jaw 30 (with
Jaw 50 and 40 attached thereto) it is biased to ad-hoc location, such as open position or make position.
Many in the spanner of this theme is configured such that multiple jaws (such as jaw 30,40 and 50)
It is biased to make position.Can use and position double torsion spring or other biasing structures around pivot pin 60
Part is so that it provides this action.
Figure 14 illustrates the biasing member 90 between main jaw (such as jaw 30) and handle 20
Device.In the specific pattern of the spanner described in fig. 14, biasing member 90 is provided as double torsion bullet
The form of spring.This spring can be positioned as around pivot pin 60.A specific pattern at this theme
In, this spring is configured to such as promote main jaw 30 around pin 60 towards closing with the direction of arrow J
Close position.It should be understood that this theme includes the modification of the specific embodiment described in Figure 14.
When using spanner, it can be useful that multiple jaws are biased to make position.This action purport
At simulation ratcheting action so that user can be easily by inswept or through the position, angle of pinch bar
In-migration applies moment to inner tube, and then makes the motion of spanner in the case of the most excessively opening jaw
Reversely.That is, in the reverse period of spanner, owing to jaw to be pushed to spring or other structures of make position
The bias action of part, multiple jaws keep being closely positioned, but are around inner tube and slide.
This theme also include using provide adjacent second and the 3rd between jaw (such as at joint A
And/or at joint B) biasing member that provides.This joint bias component can be independent of at the first pincers
Bias component between mouth and handle uses, or in connection.
In some patterns of spanner, one or more jaw can provide one or more
Projection or outwardly extending member, such as, " refer to hook ".Refer to that an example of hook is shown with 75 in FIG
Go out.It should be understood that this theme is included in any one in jaw and has except describing in Fig. 1
Refer to other shapes various, the finger hook configuring and being orientated or the similar members outside hook 75.Such as, generation
For the 3rd jaw 50 or in addition to the 3rd jaw 50, it is possible at the second jaw 40 and/or first
One or more is provided to refer to hook on jaw 30.And, refer to that hook laterally can extend on jaw side,
Rather than extend radially outwardly from jaw.It is also contemplated that for the various configurations referring to hook.
The spanner of this theme can also include limited connection feature, and it limits the opening degree of spanner.When
When using spanner, this feature can be useful so that being originally placed or being orientated (such as at spanner
Around inner tube) period, multiple jaws keep specific and arrange rather than uncontrollably or unrestricted
Move to other positions, such as towards handle.Multiple jaw is made to be maintained at closer to its make position
Position in improve operation and the service efficiency of spanner.Fig. 5 illustrate in the close position in pull
Hands 10 and the capture area C limited between jaw 30,40 and 50 produced.Fig. 6 illustrates place
Spanner 10 in fully open position and limited connection feature, in this limited connection feature, limit
Handle 20 (far-end 24 of such as handle 20) and the 3rd jaw 50 (the such as far-end of jaw 50
52) ultimate range between.
Fully open position makes by can footpath to be bonded to the inner tube in capture area or miscellaneous part
To entering capture area.Specifically, when spanner in the close position middle time, it is possible to reference to friction material
Maximum span between the opposite face of 70 or distance represent the far-end 52 of jaw 50 and handle 20
Limited stroke range between far-end 24.Depict when spanner is in Guan Bi span D in Figure 5
Maximum span time in make position.Is shown when spanner fully opens in figure 6 with span E
Ultimate range between far-end and the handle 20 of three jaws 50.According to limited connection feature, span E
Can be represented as closing the percent of span D.Therefore, in some patterns of this theme, span
E is less than the 300% of span D, more particularly less than the 250% of span D, more particularly less than span
The 200% of D, and in some applications, less than the 150% of span D.The spanner described in the accompanying drawings
Specific pattern in, span E equal to Guan Bi span D about 111%.
Another aspect at this theme, it is possible to reference to when spanner is in a fully open position, first
The ultimate range measured between the opposite face of the friction material 70 of jaw 30 and the second jaw 40 represents
The limited connection feature of jaw.Fig. 6 shows this ultimate range with span F.At this theme one
In a little patterns, span F less than the 300% of span D, more particularly less than the 250% of span D, more
Particularly less than the 200% of span D, and in certain embodiments, less than the 150% of span D.
In the specific pattern of the spanner shown in the accompanying drawings, span F is equal to about the 142% of Guan Bi span D.
Another aspect at this theme, it is possible to reference to when spanner is in a fully open position, second
The ultimate range measured between the opposite face of the friction material 70 of jaw 40 and the 3rd jaw 50 represents
The limited connection feature of jaw.Fig. 7 shows this ultimate range with span G.At this theme one
In a little patterns, span G less than the 300% of span D, more particularly less than the 250% of span D,
More particularly less than the 200% of span D, and in some patterns, less than the 150% of span D.
In the specific pattern of the spanner shown in the accompanying drawings, span G is equal to about the 142% of Guan Bi span D.
The spanner comprising limited connection feature can show and close span D and span E, F and G
One or more in these characteristics described relevantly.Therefore, more specifically, such spanner
At least one of the following or more can be shown: the far-end of (a) the 3rd jaw and the of handle
Ultimate range between one end is less than closing the 300% of span, (b) the first jaw and the phase of the second jaw
To the ultimate range between inside face less than the 300% of Guan Bi span, and (c) the second jaw and the 3rd
Ultimate range between the relative interior face of jaw is less than the 300% of Guan Bi span.
In some patterns of spanner, table can be carried out by the maximum angular displacement of two nips of regulation
Show limited connection feature.In certain embodiments, maximum angular displacement is about 180 °.At Fig. 6
In, this position is depicted between the first jaw 30 and the second jaw 40;It is depicted in the figure 7
Between the second jaw 40 and the 3rd jaw 50.
Figure 13 illustrates can be (such as at the first jaw 30 and the second jaw 40 between nips
Between joint A at) configuration that provides, to limit the connection between those jaws or angular expanse.
Specifically, Figure 13 illustrates the second jaw 40 and has one or more outward extending shoulder 80,
This shoulder 80 extends from the near-end 41 of jaw 40.First jaw 30 is included in the far-end of jaw 30
One or more stop surface 81 at 32, the position of this stop surface relatively close and with the second jaw
The shoulder 80 of 40 relatively engages.Therefore, with reference to Figure 13 it can be seen that in the second jaw 40 phase
During for the first jaw 30 to be such as at an angle of expansion with the direction of arrow I, the shoulder of the second jaw 40
Portion 80 will contact the stop surface 81 of the first jaw 30, and stop or limit any the most angled
Expansion.This theme includes using multiple assembly and structural arrangement described herein limited to realize
Connect aspect.It is to be understood, therefore, that this theme be not limited to as in this article diagram and/described in any
Specific components.
As it has been described above, in some patterns of this theme, provide rub with specific configuration and/or orientation
Wipe material.With inner tube or initially the contacting of outer surface of other cylindrical parts during, friction material
It is configured and/or is oriented in one or more edge so that friction material or outer peripheral areas contact
Pipe.In some patterns of spanner, contact between friction material and inner tube occurs initially and/or send out
It is raw that in moment, from spanner, two opposite edges along each region of friction material are delivered to the morning of inner tube
During stage phase.This figure 8 illustrates, wherein at duration of load, and the first edge of friction material 70
71 and the second relative edge 72 than the friction material 70 between the two edge region (such as in
Region, face, portion 73) stand bigger stress.It should be understood that when spanner is used in inner tube, institute
The first and second edges stating friction material generally upwardly extend in the side being parallel to the inner tube longitudinal axis.
Fig. 9 illustrates when bigger moment is applied to inner tube from spanner, in friction material 70
Stress distribution.Therefore, the contact area between friction material charge level and inner tube outer surface is along with the increasing of load
Increase greatly.This shows bowed shape or profile at least partially through making friction material charge level be formed as
Realizing, described bowed shape or profile are limited by the radius less than the radius of the outer surface of inner tube.
In some patterns, the radius being defined the arcuate profile of friction material charge level is at inner tube outer surface
Radius from 99.8% to 98% scope.Also as described in this article may be used at least partially through using
Compression friction material realizes contact area between friction material charge level and inner tube along with the increase of load
The feature increased.As it has been described above, in some patterns of this theme, friction material is selected as performance
Go out the elastic mould value compressed during the use of spanner so that this material.On this point, have
Scope is useful especially from the material of the elastic mould value of 15ksi to 1500ksi.This of friction material
A little elastic mould values are more much smaller than the elastic mould value of steel, and steel is the typical case of inner tube or other cylindrical components
Material.Therefore, in the use of spanner with during friction material imposed load, in friction material adapts to
Pipe or the shape of other cylindrical components and/or profile.
On the other hand, this theme additionally provides between the far-end of handle and end or the 3rd jaw some
The use of contact angle and specific engagement arrangement.Such as, Figure 10 illustrate in the close position in pull
Hands 10, in make position, contact occurs at the ridge 25 of handle 20 with along the 3rd jaw 50
Between the composition surface 54 that far-end 52 extends.As should be understood, when inner tube being positioned at capture area C
Time interior, adapt to the slight change of diameter of inner pipe by changing the ridge 25 contact position on face 54.
For instance, it is possible to it is bigger by making ridge 25 move towards pivot pin 60 during spanner closes to adapt to
Diameter.Pivot pin can be moved away during spanner closes by making ridge 25, until at friction material
Less diameter is adapted to till there is enough contacts between 70 and inner tube.Spanner at this theme
In some patterns, as from by pivot pin 62 and the plane that limits of middle wire mandrel of 64 measured by,
Contact angle between ridge 25 and composition surface 54 is 10 ° to 30 °, and in other pattern, should
Contact angle is of about 20 °.That plane is depicted as plane H in Fig. 10.
More specifically, be described herein as including providing at handle with the engaging zones described in the accompanying drawings
On joint ridge (such as ridge 25) and composition surface (such as face 54) on end or the 3rd jaw.
But, this theme includes variant configuration.Such as, composition surface can provide on handle, and engages ridge
Can provide in handle end or the 3rd jaw.
In the another aspect of this theme, spanner can include in spanner is in the close position and load
It is applied to spanner limit excessive load (i.e. compression stress and/or moment) is applied to be arranged in and is grabbed
Take the parts of the inner tube in region or other cylindrical components.Figure 11 illustrate this parts one shows
Example, is referred to herein as stop feature.Figure 11 depicts has the first jaw 30 and the 3rd jaw 50
Spanner 10, the first jaw 30 limits the first stop surface 38, and the 3rd jaw 50 limits the second stop surface
55.Stop surface 38 and 55 is positioned on the jaw of each of which so that this stop surface with to inner tube or
Design point applies maximum permissible load (considering safety factors, such as the 75% of inner tube yield strength) phase
The spanner close stage of association contacts with each other.Due to the contact between stop surface 38 and 55, as rubbed
Wipe the span measured between the opposed area of material and minimize distance.Can also be by considering at spanner
Use during stop surface 38 and 55 position relative to each other understand stop feature.Applying load
Before lotus, the first stop surface 38 and the second stop surface 55 are separated from one another.Along with load is applied to pull
Hands, friction material is compressed, and the inner tube that moment is applied in capture area, the first jaw 30
It is pulled towards each other with the 3rd jaw 50.Along with the generation of this situation, face 38 and 55 is displaced towards one another.
Face 38 and 55 is positioned at and is positioned in the first jaw 30 and the 3rd jaw 50 so that when applying
During big permissible load, face 38 and 52 contacts with each other.Therefore, it is possible to limit spanner crawl pressure and
Peak moment.The most also system with spanner and the cylindrical component with known diameter describes in combination
This feature.
This theme also include use make it possible to spanner in the close position middle time be only selectively adjusted
Interval between dynamic face or the parts of distance.Therefore, by changing stop surface position relative to each other
The Guan Bi span limited when spanner closes can be selectively changed by capture area.It should be understood that
Changing maximum load increase or reduction that Guan Bi span makes to be placed on cylindrical component, described cylindrical component exists
In capture area and be bonded on wherein.
Figure 12 be a diagram that the free body diagram of the self-locking feature of some spanners according to this theme.
That is, in this feature, the second and the 3rd joint between jaw or pivot pin are relative to the choosing of this jaw
Selecting property location can promote the 3rd jaw (and other jaws) and engaging further between inner tube.Phase
As, additionally it is possible to by the joint between the first and second jaws or pivot pin relative to those jaws
This feature is embodied in selectivity location, and described selectivity location promotes the second jaw (with other jaws)
And the joint between inner tube.Figure 12 illustrates and uses on inner tube (not shown) in being positioned at capture area
During spanner, the second jaw 40 and the 3rd jaw 50 and their pivot pin 64.When to spanner
When handle applies power, the 3rd jaw 50 is made to shift, power to be executed by the power " F " at composition surface 54
It is added on friction material 70.The pressure produced on friction material 70 is across the surface distributed of friction material.
But, equivalent force (or resulting net force) " N " is radially oriented the center of friction material.In Coulomb friction
In, this power is referred to as normal force.Equivalence (or clean) frictional force " f " is directly proportional to " N " and is determined
To for the angle in 90 ° about normal force, to resist the relative motion between friction material and inner tube,
And thus pass torque to inner tube or other cylindrical components.Counteracting force " R " acts on pin 64
Position.With further reference to Figure 12, it can be seen that the position of frictional force " f " corresponds to and divides equally
The line of the plane transverse intersection of friction material.I.e. x wire is with right angle and the plane phase dividing friction material equally
Hand over.
By causing the 3rd jaw 50 around the anticlockwise moment of pin 64, power " F " is in friction
Produce at material 70 and capture pressure (i.e. producing resulting net force " N ").Because the position quilt of frictional force " f "
Be positioned at outside the centrage of pin 64, thus frictional force also produce around pin 64 anticlockwise
Moment.Therefore, frictional force also has contribution to resulting net force " N ".Because frictional force has contribution also to " N "
And proportional to " N ", so frictional force is from amplifying to a certain extent.Therefore, this configuration
Self-locking can be referred to as.Considering static balance system, these relations the formula (I) such as can be represented as to (III):
ΣΜpin=0=F (Y+Z)+f (X)-N (Y) (I)
N (Y)=F (Y+Z)+f (X) (II)
N (Y)=F (Y+Z)+N μ (X) (III)
Waiting formula (I) in (III);X, Y and Z are the distances between parts or feature, and μ is to rub
Wipe coefficient.
Therefore, by being positioned so as to extend through pivotal line by the pivotal line between two nips,
And it is oriented as put down parallel with the position of the frictional force in any one in described nips
Face also extends across the self-locking feature realizing this theme at least partially of capture area.
In some patterns of spanner, ridge and end or the joint of the 3rd jaw can be engaged at handle
One or more cover or shell is provided around the engaging zones between face.In some applications, it is provided that
The sidewall of encirclement or at least partly above-mentioned engaging zones of encirclement or other components are to stop in that region
(such as on the composition surface engaging ridge and/or end jaw of handle) dirt or debris accumulation are useful
's.There is provided these sidewalls or other components also limit entrance institute at least partially around engaging zones
State engaging zones.
This theme additionally provides spanner and the system of cylindrical component (such as having the inner tube of given diameter).
In certain embodiments, spanner is sized to and/or is configured for have the interior of given diameter
Pipe.The following is representativeness, a non-limiting example of this system.System includes cylindrical component, example
Such as core barrel inner tube, it has known diameter and the maximum permissible load being associated with this cylindrical component
The limit.System also includes that spanner, described spanner include that (i) limits the first end and the handle of the second end,
(ii) the multiple jaw member being articulated and connected, the plurality of jaw member includes pivotally being attached to
The main jaw member of handle the first end and the end jaw member that can engage with handle, multiple jaw structures
Each restriction inside face in part, and (iii) friction material, described friction material is arranged in multiple pincers
In at least one of the inside face of mouth component.Spanner can be positioned in open position and make position it
Between.Make position causes multiple jaw to limit closing capture area and in the opposed area of multiple jaws
Friction material face between extend Guan Bi span.Spanner is configured such that relative to cylindrical component
Diameter determine Guan Bi span size so that in cylindrical component is positioned at capture area and general
When spanner navigates to make position, the load being applied to cylindrical component from spanner is less than and this cylindrical component
The maximum permissible load limit being associated.
Spanner can be additionally configured to so that providing the first stop surface in main jaw member, and at end
The second stop surface is provided in end jaw member.First and second stop surfaces are located such that relative to each other
When spanner is navigated to make position, the first and second stop surfaces contact with each other.
This theme includes multiple modification assembly, configuration and parts.Such as, this theme potentially includes use
There is the chain component being disposed with friction material thereon.
The another aspect of this theme relates to configuring crawl plug-in unit and/or determine size.As will understand that
, it is possible to by increase stay in spanner use capture plug-in unit set in one or more or
The whole total circumferential length of person increase capture plug-in unit set always capture surface area.Alternately
Or additionally, it is possible to increased by one or more in increase crawl plug-in unit or whole width
Capture greatly plug-in unit always captures surface area.But, total surface area that captures must be sufficiently small with by footpath
To the power applied or load distribution to pipe to be captured, enabling realize enough between plug-in unit and pipe
Friction, and sufficiently large to avoid the deformation of pipe.Can utilize such as the formula (IV) such as proposed below
Particular kind of relationship estimate that the target of plug-in unit always captures surface area.
Allow estimation that arch can be utilized to capture plug-in unit D etc. formula (IV)o(it is positioned at as described herein and pulls
To form known internal diameter D in handso, interior;Outer diameter Do, outward;With there is known elastic modulus EoGrab
Take plug-in unit;With Poisson's ratio nouter) it is applied to tubular element D circumferentiallyI(known internal diameter DI, interior;Outer diameter DI,
Outward;Elastic modulus EI;With Poisson's ratio ninnerPressure P on).
By waiting separating surface diameter difference Δ used in formula V calculation equation (IV):
Δ=DI, outer Do, interior (V)
Separating surface diameter difference Δ is corresponding to wait capturing the external diameter of tubular element and capturing plug-in unit when being positioned in spanner
The difference of internal diameter.
After the maximum yield value determining tubular element (to be captured) and margin of safety factor values, it is possible to
Assess whether as described in more detail herein to use proposed crawl plug-in unit not make tubular element become
Shape.
Figure 15 schematically illustrates and for the crawl plug-in unit of specific workpiece to be captured or pipe or grabs for assessment
Take the method 100 of the set of plug-in unit.It is depicted as in fig .15 in the first stage operating 105 to 130, side
Method 100 includes the various sizes (i.e. internal diameter and external diameter) determining pipe and pipe and captures some materials of plug-in unit
Can (i.e. elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio n).Method 100 also use proposed by capture the estimation of plug-in unit or build
View size (that is, total circumferential length of the gripping surface of internal diameter and external diameter and plug-in unit).Method 100 provides energy
The plug-in unit that captures proposed by enough utilizations is applied to the circumferential pressure P of pipe, is then based on capturing than GR to regulate pressure
Power, to obtain the pressure (P') utilizing crawl plug-in unit to apply calculated.
In the second stage of the method 100 that such as figure 15 illustrates as operation 135 to 165, determine inner tube
Maximum yield value (PMAX).Described method also includes specifying the minimum safe factor, then this is specified
Value and the factor of safety value (FS calculatedCALC) compare.The described crawl compared proposed by permission assessment
Whether plug-in unit can be used in combination in described safety range with described pipe.
More specifically, such as, method 100 can be the most equally spaced from each other fixed
Perform in the system 200 of the position three crawl plug-in units 215,225 and 235 around pipe 210 to be captured.Ginseng
According to Figure 15 and 16, method 100 include determining or measure pipe 210 (i.e. " inner tube ") to be captured internal diameter and
One or more operation 105 of external diameter.The internal diameter of inner tube is referred to herein as " DI, interior " and at figure
Shown in 16.The external diameter of inner tube is referred to herein as " DI, outer " and figure 16 illustrates.Operation 105
Also include that acquisition is referred to herein as " EI" inner tube elastic modelling quantity and be referred to herein as " nI" inner tube pool
Pine ratio.
Method 100 also includes determining or measuring being referred to herein as " Eo" capture plug-in unit elastic modelling quantity and
It is referred to herein as " no" capture plug-in unit Poisson's ratio one or more operation 110.EoAnd noCharacteristic
It is about the substrate material capturing plug-in unit.If the substrate material capturing plug-in unit is known or is proposed,
Then perform to determine or measure the operation of described characteristic.It should be understood that described method to include directly to advise described
The value of characteristic.
Method 100 also includes that suggestion captures the configuration of plug-in unit or one or more operation 115 of size.Generally,
If the set capturing plug-in unit to be used together, the most each crawl plug-in unit is of the same size with shape (i.e.
Curvature and arciform form).Therefore, operation 115 suggestion is referred to herein as " Do, interior " and at Figure 16
Shown in the internal diameter of each crawl plug-in unit.Operation 115 also suggestion is referred to herein as " Do, outer " and
The external diameter of each crawl plug-in unit that figure 16 illustrates.Should be understood that and specify internal diameter and the external diameter etc. capturing plug-in unit
It is same as the thickness of specific plug-in.Operation 115 also includes that suggestion captures total circumferential length of the set of plug-in unit, should
Length for each crawl plug-in unit the most as shown in Figure 16 along inner face 234 from capture plug-in unit 235
The arc length size that records to opposite end 232 of one end 231.Inner face 234 is contact (i.e. capturing) pipe 210
Face.Inner face 234 236 reversely guides from the outside.Crawl plug-in unit 235 is being attached or mounted in spanner
Time, outside 236 generally contacts the jaw of spanner.Therefore, total circumferential length is the arc length of each crawl plug-in unit
Sum.
Method 100 also includes that the formula V such as use calculate the operation 120 of separating surface diameter difference Δ.
In operation 125 with etc. after formula (IV) calculates pressure P, can utilize in operation 130 and grab
Take and regulate this pressure to obtain the crawl of the plug-in unit proposed by utilizing than the pressure that can apply after regulation than GR
Power P'.This is shown in below equation (VI).Capturing than GR is that all crawl plug-in units are managed with waiting to capture
Between circular contact ratio.Such as, for the set capturing plug-in unit of the 2/3 contact pipe along its girth, grab
Taking ratio can be 0.666.
P '=P GR (VI)
Figure 15 schematically depict the second stage of method 100, and it includes determining or measure the surrender of inner tube maximum
Value (PMAX) one or more operation 135.It is for can be applied in the case of not making inner tube deformation
The maximum pressure of inner tube.
Method 100 also includes specifying the minimum safe factor (FSMIN) one or more operation 140.Root
According to present situation, industry, regulations or other criterions, this factor can be about 1.5 to 100 or bigger.At some
In application, this factor can such as be about 20.
Described method also includes calculating factor of safety value (FSCALC).As proposed in waiting formula (VII),
By utilizing the P obtained in operation 135MAXValue and by this value divided by the regulation obtained in operation 130
After pressure P' determine FSCALC:
FSCALC=PMAX/P' (VII)
This is shown as operating 145 in fig .15.
Described method also includes the factor of safety value (FS that will calculateCALC) and specify in operation 140
Little factor of safety value (FSMIN) compare one or more operation 150.If the factor calculated
(FSCALC) less than or equal to the least factor (FSMIN), then safety specified by proposed crawl plug-in unit
In the factor, as shown in 160.If FSCALCNot less than or equal to (being i.e. more than) FSMIN, then built
The crawl plug-in unit of view is not in specifying factor of safety, as shown in 165.Therefore, method 100 provides use
In assessment for capturing crawl plug-in unit proposed by specific workpiece (that is, its material and/or size and configuration)
Convenient technique.
Example
The table 1 being set forth below summarizes term and lists representative value, and described representative value causes obtaining utilization
The circumference that the crawl plug-in unit with the recommended value proposed in this table can be utilized to apply calculated etc. formula (IV)
Pressure P.
The representative value of the term in the formula (IV) such as table 1-
Such as table 1 instruction calculate can utilize capture plug-in unit apply pressure P for 4596.928PSI it
After, according to etc. formula (VI) utilize capture ratio GR regulate pressure P, with obtain regulation after pressure P'.With table
The use capturing ratio capturing plug-in unit is associated 0.514 of 1 causes the regulation that can be applied on the pipe of table 1
After pressure P' be 2361.86PSI.
It is determined by or measures the maximum yield value (P of inner tubeMAX) assess the pressure after the regulation that can apply
Whether power P' is in desired factor of safety.Such as utilize the inner tube maximum yield value of 50000PSI, by this value
The factor of safety value calculated with acquisition divided by P'.By the factor of safety value calculated and expectation or the peace of minimum
Total divisor compares to provide and captures plug-in unit instruction whether in desired factor of safety to proposed.
Specifically, the P of pressure P', 50000PSI after the regulation of previously determined 2361.86PSI is utilizedMAX
And etc. formula (VII) calculate factor of safety FSCALCIt is 21.16974.Assume minimum safe factor FSMIN
It is 20, it is allowed to proposed by comparison between factor of safety and assessment, whether system is in acceptable factor of safety
In.
Following application according to this technology and development, other benefits many will become clear from without doubt.
Be incorporated herein by reference all patents specifically described herein, application, disclosed application, standard,
The full content of article.
Should be understood that any one or more feature or the parts of an embodiment described herein can
Be combined with one or more other features or the parts of another embodiment.Therefore, this theme includes herein
The parts of embodiment described or any of feature and all combinations.
As described above, this theme solves the many being associated with strategy before, system and/or equipment and asks
Topic.However, it should be understood that without departing from the claimed theme stated the most in the following claims
Principle and scope in the case of, those skilled in the art can be described herein as and illustrated with solve
Character, parts layout, material and the details of releasing this theme make various change.
Claims (26)
1. be applicable to the replaceable crawl plug-in unit used the spanner with multiple jaw member, described
At least some in jaw member has the device for accommodating and keep described crawl plug-in unit, and described crawl is inserted
Part includes:
Limiting the base material of concavity inner face, described base material shows, along described inner face, the Rockwell that scope is from 40 to 49
Hardness C;With
The layer containing metal carbides of this inner face is arranged and be bonded to inner face along described base material, described
Layer limits the crawl surface exposed.
Capturing plug-in unit the most as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described base material is along the inner face table of described base material
Reveal the HRC from 45 to 48.
Capturing plug-in unit the most as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described base material is along the inner face table of described base material
Reveal the HRC of 47.
4. the crawl plug-in unit as according to any one of Claim 1-3, wherein, described base material is made up of wrought iron.
Capturing plug-in unit the most as claimed in claim 4, wherein, described wrought iron is 4140 wrought iron.
6. the crawl plug-in unit as according to any one of claim 1 to 5, wherein, arranges on the substrate
Described layer containing metal carbides has the thickness from 0.0045 inch to 0.0075 inch.
7. the crawl plug-in unit as according to any one of claim 1 to 6, wherein, described metal carbides are carbon
Change tungsten.
8. a spanner, including:
Handle, which defines the first end and second end relative with described first end;
Having the first jaw of near-end, far-end, described first jaw defines inside face, described first jaw
Near-end be pivotally attached to the first end of described handle;
Having the second jaw of near-end, far-end, described second jaw defines inside face, described second jaw
Near-end at the first adapter assembly, be pivotally attached to the far-end of described first jaw;
Having the 3rd jaw of near-end, far-end, described 3rd jaw defines inside face, described 3rd jaw
Near-end at the second adapter assembly, be pivotally attached to the far-end of described second jaw, described 3rd pincers
The far-end of mouth is releasably coupled with the first end of described handle;
At least one captures plug-in unit, and it is attached to described first jaw, described second jaw and described 3rd pincers
The inside face of at least one in Kou, described crawl plug-in unit includes: (i) defines the base material of concavity inner face, institute
State base material and show, along described inner face, the HRC that scope is from 40 to 49, and (ii) is along described base material
Inner face arrange and be bonded to the layer containing metal carbides of this inner face, described layer defines grabbing of exposure
Take surface.
9. spanner as claimed in claim 8, wherein, described spanner includes being attached to described first jaw
First capture plug-in unit, be attached to the second crawl plug-in unit and be attached to described 3rd jaw of described second jaw
3rd captures plug-in unit.
10. the spanner as according to any one of claim 8 to 9, wherein, at least one crawl plug-in unit described
It is removably attached at least one in described first jaw, described second jaw and described 3rd jaw.
11. spanners as according to any one of claim 8 to 10, wherein, described base material is along described base material
Inner face show the HRC from 45 to 48.
12. spanners as claimed in claim 11, wherein, described base material shows along the inner face of described base material
Go out the HRC of 47.
13. spanners as according to any one of claim 8 to 12, wherein, described base material is made up of wrought iron.
14. spanners as claimed in claim 13, wherein, described wrought iron is 4140 wrought iron.
15. spanners as according to any one of claim 8 to 14, wherein, arrange containing on the substrate
The described layer having metal carbides has the thickness from 0.0045 inch to 0.0075 inch.
16. spanners as according to any one of claim 8 to 15, wherein, described metal carbides are carbonization
Tungsten.
17. 1 kinds of spanners, including:
Handle, which defines the first end and the second end;
Multiple hinged jaw member, the plurality of jaw member includes that the first end pivoting with described handle turns
The main jaw member being attached and the end jaw member that can engage with described handle dynamicly, the plurality of jaw
Each of which in component defines inside face;
At least one captures plug-in unit, and it is attached to the inside face of at least one in the plurality of jaw member,
Described crawl plug-in unit includes: (i) defines that the base material of concavity inner face, described base material show along described inner face
Scope from 40 to 49 HRC, and (ii) arranges along the inner face of described base material and to be bonded to this interior
The layer containing metal carbides in face, described layer defines the crawl surface of exposure.
18. spanners as claimed in claim 17, wherein, described spanner includes multiple crawl plug-in unit, each
Capture plug-in unit and be attached to corresponding jaw member.
19. spanners as according to any one of claim 17 to 18, wherein, at least one crawl described is inserted
Part is removably attached at least one in the plurality of jaw member.
20. spanners as according to any one of claim 17 to 19, wherein, described base material is along described base
The inner face of material shows the HRC from 45 to 48.
21. spanners as claimed in claim 20, wherein, described base material shows along the inner face of described base material
Go out the HRC of 47.
22. spanners as according to any one of claim 17 to 21, wherein, described base material is made up of wrought iron.
23. spanners as claimed in claim 22, wherein, described wrought iron is 4140 wrought iron.
24. spanners as according to any one of claim 17 to 23, wherein, arrange on the substrate
Layer containing metal carbides has the thickness from 0.0045 inch to 0.0075 inch.
25. spanners as according to any one of claim 17 to 24, wherein, described metal carbides are carbon
Change tungsten.
Whether the crawl plug-in unit of the suggestion in spanner and specific tube are used together at finger by 26. 1 kinds for assessment
Method in Dingan County's total divisor, described method includes:
Determine the internal diameter of described pipe, the external diameter of described pipe, the elastic modelling quantity of described pipe and the Poisson of described pipe
Ratio;
Advise elastic modelling quantity and the Poisson's ratio of described crawl plug-in unit of described crawl plug-in unit;
Advise the internal diameter of described crawl plug-in unit, the external diameter of described crawl plug-in unit and the circumference of described crawl plug-in unit
Length;
Calculate the circumferential pressure P that plug-in unit applies that captures utilizing described suggestion, wherein, pass through etc. formula (IV) and
(V) described circumferential pressure P is calculated;
Determine that GR is compared in the crawl capturing plug-in unit using described suggestion;
The formula (VI) such as utilization calculate the pressure P' after regulation;
Determine the maximum yield value P of described pipeMAX;
Specify minimum safe factor FSMIN;
The formula (VII) such as utilization calculate factor of safety FSCALC;
Factor of safety FS that will calculateCALCWith minimum safe factor FSMINCompare;
Wherein, if (i) factor of safety FS of calculatingCALCLess than or equal to minimum safe factor FSMIN,
The most described suggestion capture plug-in unit in the factor of safety specified, and (ii) if calculate safe because of
Sub-FSCALCMore than minimum safe factor FSMIN, then described suggestion capture plug-in unit not specify safe because of
In son.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/202,611 | 2014-03-10 | ||
US14/202,611 US9434055B2 (en) | 2013-04-01 | 2014-03-10 | Replaceable gripping inserts for wrenches |
PCT/US2015/015312 WO2015138070A1 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2015-02-11 | Replaceable gripping inserts for wrenches |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN105980110A true CN105980110A (en) | 2016-09-28 |
Family
ID=54072259
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201580007086.3A Pending CN105980110A (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2015-02-11 | Replaceable gripping inserts for wrenches |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3116686A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2017507038A (en) |
CN (1) | CN105980110A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015138070A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2019025588A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-02-21 | 株式会社松阪鉄工所 | Pipe wrench |
TWI704034B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-09-11 | 胡厚飛 | Wrench for fast reciprocating operation |
TWI695758B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-06-11 | 胡厚飛 | Wrench for reciprocating operation of connecting fasteners |
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2015
- 2015-02-11 CN CN201580007086.3A patent/CN105980110A/en active Pending
- 2015-02-11 JP JP2016546442A patent/JP2017507038A/en active Pending
- 2015-02-11 EP EP15761337.3A patent/EP3116686A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-02-11 WO PCT/US2015/015312 patent/WO2015138070A1/en active Application Filing
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US2550963A (en) * | 1950-03-03 | 1951-05-01 | James R Brinkley | Multiple-pivoted-jaw pipe wrench with interchangeable object-embracing bushings |
US4730524A (en) * | 1981-03-06 | 1988-03-15 | Petersen Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Long nose locking plier |
US5062328A (en) * | 1989-03-02 | 1991-11-05 | Demurger Et Cie | Plastic wrench with metal insert |
US20060248985A1 (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 2006-11-09 | Bangert Daniel S | Granular particle gripping surface |
US6079509A (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2000-06-27 | Robert Michael Bee | Pipe die method and apparatus |
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CN202462302U (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2012-10-03 | 西南石油大学 | Friction pipe wrench |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2015138070A1 (en) | 2015-09-17 |
EP3116686A1 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
EP3116686A4 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
JP2017507038A (en) | 2017-03-16 |
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