CN105976884A - Treatment device and treatment method for tritium-containing wastewater - Google Patents

Treatment device and treatment method for tritium-containing wastewater Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105976884A
CN105976884A CN201610498805.2A CN201610498805A CN105976884A CN 105976884 A CN105976884 A CN 105976884A CN 201610498805 A CN201610498805 A CN 201610498805A CN 105976884 A CN105976884 A CN 105976884A
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gas
tritium
unit
liquid waste
containing liquid
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CN105976884B (en
Inventor
李嵘
张志�
陈闽
苏永军
殷雪峰
姜飞
喻彬
宋江锋
胡俊
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Institute of Materials of CAEP
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21FPROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06Processing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/42Platinum

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a treatment device for tritium-containing wastewater. The treatment device comprises a gas sample injection unit connected with a gas source, a steam sample injection unit connected with a tritium-containing wastewater source, a heating, thermal insulation and gas mixing unit connected with both the gas sample injection unit and the steam sample injection unit, a catalytic reaction unit connected with the heating, thermal insulation and gas mixing unit as well as a gas condensation drying unit connected with the catalytic reaction unit. The invention further provides a treatment method of the tritium-containing wastewater. The tritium-containing wastewater is treated through ingenious utilization of a CO/H2O transformation reaction, tritium in the tritium-containing wastewater is more conveniently and reliably removed, besides, a novel catalyst is prepared through TiO2, the CO conversion rate is greatly increased, and the catalytic reaction process is more reliable and stable.

Description

The processing means of a kind of tritium-containing liquid waste and processing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of radioactive wastewater treatment, specifically, relate to a kind of tritium-containing liquid waste Processing means and processing method, realize the removal of tritium in waste water by CO transformationreation, can realize low concentration and contain The process of tritium waste water (HTO), is especially suitable for the process of a large amount of tritium-containing liquid waste.
Background technology
Emission problem for tritium-containing liquid waste is always the study hotspot of Spent Radioactive water treatment field.Owing to passing The application in terms of tritium-containing liquid waste of the isotope separation of system is restricted, and various countries scientist proposes film in succession Technology and the method such as resins exchange, enrichment, and carried out preliminary feasibility study.Researcher carries from heavy water The angle of tritium has been carried out and has been studied widely, and processes and CANDU-HWR about tritium-containing liquid waste at reprocessing plant Heavy water reclaims in tritium and obtains actual application, current commonly use containing HTO processing method all according to heavy water detritiation Technology grows up, and mostly uses vapor catalyzed switching technology (VPCE), liquid-phase catalysis switching technology And the combination electrolytic catalysis switching technology technology such as (CECE) (LPCE).
But there is more problem for processing the biggest volume low-concentration tritium-containing liquid waste in these methods.First, For course of reaction, VPCE and LPCE is by the tritium containing tritium heavy water from liquid material exchange to gas phase, owing to handing over Ventilation D2Consumption is very big, (D in VPCE2/ DTO mol ratio is 2, D in LPCE2/ DTO mole It is 3), therefore VPCE and LPCE is the dilution of tritium, the diluent gas (D exchanged2/DT) Having increased the weight of isotopic separation unit burden, cost of material and process costs are the highest.During CECE, The heavy water containing tritium obtains concentration in electrolyzer, reduces isotopic separation unit burden, but electrolytic process needs Consume mass energy.Additionally, this several method can not meet far away big volume low-concentration HTO in disposal ability The demand processed.
Transformationreation (CO+H2O→CO2+H2) be an important industrial reaction, synthesis ammonia, The fields such as synthesizing methanol, hydrogen manufacturing and town gas industry are widely used, according to transformationreation principle, and can Reaction for CO/HTO.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the problems referred to above of the prior art, the present invention provides that a kind of technique is simple, with low cost, place Manage the effective processing means for tritium-containing liquid waste.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The processing means of a kind of tritium-containing liquid waste, including the gas sampling unit being connected with source of the gas, with tritium-containing liquid waste The steam sample injection unit that source connects, the heating and thermal insulation being all connected with gas sampling unit and steam sample injection unit mixes Gas unit, mixes the catalytic reaction unit that gas unit is connected, and is connected with catalytic reaction unit with heating and thermal insulation Gas condensation drying unit.
Specifically, described source of the gas includes noble gas source and CO source of the gas;Described gas sampling unit include with Noble gas source connect noble gas air inlet branch road, and be connected with CO source of the gas and enter with noble gas The CO air inlet branch road of gas branch circuit parallel connection, described noble gas air inlet branch road and CO air inlet branch road are by going here and there successively The air relief valve connect and mass flowmenter are constituted, and wherein, described CO air inlet branch road also includes that being serially connected with this CO enters Filter on gas branch road.
Specifically, described steam sample injection unit includes microprocessor pump drive, vaporizer and the steam stream being sequentially connected in series Gauge, wherein, described microprocessor pump drive is connected with tritium-containing liquid waste source, described steam-flow meter and heating and thermal insulation Mixed gas unit connects.
Specifically, described heating and thermal insulation mixes gas unit and includes mixed air-capacitor device, at least two be arranged side by side be located at mixed Geometric ratio heating rod in air-capacitor device, and the intelligent controller being connected with all geometric ratio heating rods, wherein, institute The air inlet stating mixed air-capacitor device is arranged on end, and its gas outlet is arranged at its lower end, in this mixed air-capacitor device Airflow direction is vertical with the setting direction of described geometric ratio heating rod.
Specifically, described catalytic reaction unit include by seamless 304 stainless steel materials make with import and The reactor of outlet, is arranged at the filter response in Reactor inlet and outlet, is arranged at reactor outer wall Heat-insulation layer, and the heater being connected with heat-insulation layer.
Processing means based on above-mentioned tritium-containing liquid waste, the present invention also provides for the processing method of a kind of tritium-containing liquid waste, Comprise the steps:
(S1) in described catalytic reaction unit, 0.5%Pt/TiO is loaded2Catalyst, amount of fill is 500g;
(S2) open in described gas sampling unit and be passed through in processing means described in noble gas air inlet Zhi Luxiang Noble gas purges, when the inert gas concentration in the exit of described catalytic reaction unit is more than 99.5% Stop purging;
(S3) close in described gas sampling unit noble gas air inlet branch road and open CO air inlet branch road, In described processing means, it is passed through CO, heats described heating and thermal insulation simultaneously and mix gas unit and described catalytic reaction list Unit is all to 270 DEG C;
(S4) open described steam sample injection unit, tritium-containing liquid waste is converted into containing HTO steam, and presses 1000g/h Flow mix in gas unit feeding steam Han HTO to described heating and thermal insulation, make described heating and thermal insulation mix gas simultaneously It is 270 DEG C that unit includes the mixing temperature of HTO steam and CO;
(S5) generation transformationreation in described catalytic reaction unit is entered containing after HTO steam and CO mixing, Produce CO2、H2, HT and T2Enter described gas condensation drying unit;
(S6) gas of entrance is cooled to 30 DEG C by described gas condensation drying unit, uses molecular sieve adsorption The water content in gas is made to be down to below 1ppm.
Further, described gas condensation drying unit expellant gas is separated, wherein, CO reuse Reclaim to described gas sampling unit, CO2 emission treatment, hydrogen and isotope gas thereof.
In order to reduce processing cost, it is preferable that this processing method is carried out at ambient pressure.
Further, described 0.5%Pt/TiO2Catalyst is prepared by following steps:
A () takes predecessor TiO2Powder or granule are stand-by at 120 DEG C of drying 12h, and take 10g H2PtCl6·6H2It is stand-by that O is dissolved in 500ml ethanol prepared platinum acid chloride solution;
B () weighs the predecessor TiO that step (a) is dried2Powder or granule 30g put into rotation as carrier In flask, and adding deionized water 100ml in rotary flask, stirring rotates 30min;
C () measures the platinum acid chloride solution 20ml prepared in step (a), be slowly added in rotary flask, Impregnate 2h at normal temperatures;
D rotary flask is heated to 40 DEG C by (), and rotation limit, limit dipping, until the mixing in rotary flask is molten Liquid does not has obvious liquid in being evaporated to chamber wall;
E () puts into evaporating remaining solids in rotary flask in baking oven after dry 12h, then put it into With 550 DEG C of roasting 4h in Muffle furnace;
F material after roasting is carried out H with tube furnace by ()2Reduction, then natural cooling prepares described catalyst.
Wherein, described 0.5%Pt/TiO is used2It is more than 80% that catalyst carries out the CO conversion ratio of transformationreation.
Further, in described step (f), H is carried out2Before reduction, first in tube furnace, it is passed through nitrogen and makes Material after described roasting is in nitrogen protection environment.Further, H2After reduction, stop being passed through H2, and The nitrogen protection environment in nitrogen keeps tube furnace it is continually fed into during its natural cooling.
Compared with prior art, the method have the advantages that
The present invention is ingenious make use of CO/H2O transformationreation processes tritium-containing liquid waste, more convenient is reliably achieved Containing the removal of tritium in HTO, pass through TiO simultaneously2Prepare novel catalyst, make CO conversion ratio significantly carry Height, the process making catalytic reaction is relatively reliable stable, is with a wide range of applications, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall structure block diagram of processing means in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, embodiments of the present invention include but It is not limited to the following example.
Embodiment
As it is shown in figure 1, the processing means of this tritium-containing liquid waste, including the gas sampling unit 1 being connected with source of the gas, The steam sample injection unit 2 being connected with tritium-containing liquid waste source, is all connected with gas sampling unit and steam sample injection unit Heating and thermal insulation mixes gas unit 3, mixes the catalytic reaction unit 4 that gas unit is connected with heating and thermal insulation, and with catalysis The gas condensation drying unit 5 that reaction member connects.
Specifically, described source of the gas includes noble gas source and CO source of the gas;Described gas sampling unit include with Noble gas source connect noble gas air inlet branch road, and be connected with CO source of the gas and enter with noble gas The CO air inlet branch road of gas branch circuit parallel connection, described noble gas air inlet branch road and CO air inlet branch road are by going here and there successively The air relief valve 11 and the mass flowmenter 12 that connect are constituted, and wherein, described CO air inlet branch road also includes being serially connected with this Filter 13 on CO air inlet branch road.
Specifically, described steam sample injection unit includes the microprocessor pump drive 21 being sequentially connected in series, vaporizer 22 and steams Steam flow gauge 23, wherein, described microprocessor pump drive is connected with tritium-containing liquid waste source, described steam-flow meter with add The mixed gas unit of heat insulation connects.
Specifically, described heating and thermal insulation mixes gas unit and includes mixed air-capacitor device, at least two be arranged side by side be located at mixed Geometric ratio heating rod in air-capacitor device, and the intelligent controller being connected with all geometric ratio heating rods, wherein, institute The air inlet stating mixed air-capacitor device is arranged on end, and its gas outlet is arranged at its lower end, in this mixed air-capacitor device Airflow direction is vertical with the setting direction of described geometric ratio heating rod.
Specifically, described catalytic reaction unit include by seamless 304 stainless steel materials make with import and The reactor of outlet, is arranged at the filter response in Reactor inlet and outlet, is arranged at reactor outer wall Heat-insulation layer, and the heater being connected with heat-insulation layer.
Processing means based on above-mentioned tritium-containing liquid waste, the present invention also provides for the processing method of a kind of tritium-containing liquid waste, Comprise the steps:
(S1) in described catalytic reaction unit, 0.5%Pt/TiO is loaded2Catalyst, amount of fill is 500g;
(S2) open in described gas sampling unit and be passed through in processing means described in noble gas air inlet Zhi Luxiang Noble gas purges, when the inert gas concentration in the exit of described catalytic reaction unit is more than 99.5% Stop purging;
(S3) close in described gas sampling unit noble gas air inlet branch road and open CO air inlet branch road, In described processing means, it is passed through CO, heats described heating and thermal insulation simultaneously and mix gas unit and described catalytic reaction list Unit is all to 270 DEG C;
(S4) open described steam sample injection unit, tritium-containing liquid waste is converted into containing HTO steam, and presses 1000g/h Flow mix in gas unit feeding steam Han HTO to described heating and thermal insulation, make described heating and thermal insulation mix gas simultaneously It is 270 DEG C that unit includes the mixing temperature of HTO steam and CO;
(S5) generation transformationreation in described catalytic reaction unit is entered containing after HTO steam and CO mixing, Produce CO2、H2, HT and T2Enter described gas condensation drying unit;
(S6) gas of entrance is cooled to 30 DEG C by described gas condensation drying unit, uses molecular sieve adsorption The water content in gas is made to be down to below 1ppm.
Further, described gas condensation drying unit expellant gas is separated, wherein, CO reuse Reclaim to described gas sampling unit, CO2 emission treatment, hydrogen and isotope gas thereof.
In order to reduce processing cost, it is preferable that this processing method is carried out at ambient pressure.
Further, described 0.5%Pt/TiO2Catalyst is prepared by following steps:
A () takes predecessor TiO2Powder or granule are stand-by at 120 DEG C of drying 12h, and take 10g H2PtCl6·6H2It is stand-by that O is dissolved in 500ml ethanol prepared platinum acid chloride solution;
B () weighs the predecessor TiO that step (a) is dried2Powder or granule 30g put into rotation as carrier In flask, and adding deionized water 100ml in rotary flask, stirring rotates 30min;
C () measures the platinum acid chloride solution 20ml prepared in step (a), be slowly added in rotary flask, Impregnate 2h at normal temperatures;
D rotary flask is heated to 40 DEG C by (), and rotation limit, limit dipping, until the mixing in rotary flask is molten Liquid does not has obvious liquid in being evaporated to chamber wall;
E () puts into evaporating remaining solids in rotary flask in baking oven after dry 12h, then put it into With 550 DEG C of roasting 4h in Muffle furnace;
F material after roasting is carried out H with tube furnace by ()2Reduction, then natural cooling prepares described catalyst.
Wherein, described 0.5%Pt/TiO is used2It is more than 80% that catalyst carries out the CO conversion ratio of transformationreation.
Further, in described step (f), H is carried out2Before reduction, first in tube furnace, it is passed through nitrogen and makes Material after described roasting is in nitrogen protection environment.Further, H2After reduction, stop being passed through H2, and The nitrogen protection environment in nitrogen keeps tube furnace it is continually fed into during its natural cooling.
Above-described embodiment is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not limiting the scope of the invention, but The design principle of all employing present invention, and carry out non-creativeness work on this basis and the change made, Within protection scope of the present invention all should being belonged to.

Claims (10)

1. the processing means of a tritium-containing liquid waste, it is characterized in that, including the gas sampling unit being connected with source of the gas, the steam sample injection unit being connected with tritium-containing liquid waste source, the heating and thermal insulation being all connected with gas sampling unit and steam sample injection unit mixes gas unit, the catalytic reaction unit that gas unit is connected, and the gas condensation drying unit being connected with catalytic reaction unit is mixed with heating and thermal insulation.
The processing means of a kind of tritium-containing liquid waste the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described source of the gas includes noble gas source and CO source of the gas;Described gas sampling unit includes the noble gas air inlet branch road being connected with noble gas source, and be connected with CO source of the gas and CO air inlet branch road with noble gas air inlet branch circuit parallel connection, described noble gas air inlet branch road and CO air inlet branch road are constituted by the air relief valve being sequentially connected in series and mass flowmenter, wherein, described CO air inlet branch road also includes the filter being serially connected with on this CO air inlet branch road.
The processing means of a kind of tritium-containing liquid waste the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described steam sample injection unit includes microprocessor pump drive, vaporizer and the steam-flow meter being sequentially connected in series, wherein, described microprocessor pump drive is connected with tritium-containing liquid waste source, and described steam-flow meter mixes gas unit and is connected with heating and thermal insulation.
The processing means of a kind of tritium-containing liquid waste the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described heating and thermal insulation mixes gas unit and includes mixed air-capacitor device, at least two are arranged side by side the geometric ratio heating rod being located in mixed air-capacitor device, and the intelligent controller being connected with all geometric ratio heating rods, wherein, the air inlet of described mixed air-capacitor device is arranged on end, its gas outlet is arranged at its lower end, and the airflow direction in this mixed air-capacitor device is vertical with the setting direction of described geometric ratio heating rod.
The processing means of a kind of tritium-containing liquid waste the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described catalytic reaction unit includes the reactor with inlet and outlet being made up of seamless 304 stainless steel materials, it is arranged at the filter response in Reactor inlet and outlet, it is arranged at the heat-insulation layer of reactor outer wall, and the heater being connected with heat-insulation layer.
6. the processing method of a tritium-containing liquid waste, it is characterised in that the processing means of employing tritium-containing liquid waste as described in any one of Claims 1 to 5, comprises the steps:
(S1) in described catalytic reaction unit, 0.5%Pt/TiO is loaded2Catalyst, amount of fill is 500g;
(S2) open and be passed through noble gas in processing means described in noble gas air inlet Zhi Luxiang in described gas sampling unit and purge, stop purging when the inert gas concentration in exit of described catalytic reaction unit is more than 99.5%;
(S3) close in described gas sampling unit noble gas air inlet branch road and open CO air inlet branch road, in described processing means, being passed through CO, heat described heating and thermal insulation simultaneously and mix gas unit and described catalytic reaction unit all to 270 DEG C;
(S4) described steam sample injection unit is opened, tritium-containing liquid waste is converted into containing HTO steam, and mix in gas unit feeding steam Han HTO by the flow of 1000g/h to described heating and thermal insulation, make described heating and thermal insulation mix gas unit include the mixing temperature of HTO steam and CO is 270 DEG C simultaneously;
(S5) enter generation transformationreation in described catalytic reaction unit containing after HTO steam and CO mixing, produce CO2、H2, HT and T2Enter described gas condensation drying unit;
(S6) gas of entrance is cooled to 30 DEG C by described gas condensation drying unit, uses molecular sieve adsorption to make the water content in gas be down to below 1ppm.
The processing method of a kind of tritium-containing liquid waste the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described gas condensation drying unit expellant gas is separated, wherein, CO reuse is reclaimed to described gas sampling unit, CO2 emission treatment, hydrogen and isotope gas thereof.
The processing method of a kind of tritium-containing liquid waste the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that this processing method is carried out at ambient pressure.
The processing method of a kind of tritium-containing liquid waste the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described 0.5%Pt/TiO2Catalyst is prepared by following steps:
A () takes predecessor TiO2Powder or granule are stand-by at 120 DEG C of drying 12h, and take 10g H2PtCl6·6H2It is stand-by that O is dissolved in 500ml ethanol prepared platinum acid chloride solution;
B () weighs the predecessor TiO that step (a) is dried2Powder or granule 30g put in rotary flask as carrier, and add deionized water 100ml in rotary flask, and stirring rotates 30min;
C () measures the platinum acid chloride solution 20ml prepared in step (a), be slowly added in rotary flask, impregnates 2h at normal temperatures;
D rotary flask is heated to 40 DEG C by (), and rotation limit, limit dipping, until the mixed solution in rotary flask does not has obvious liquid in being evaporated to chamber wall;
E () puts into evaporating remaining solids in rotary flask in baking oven after dry 12h, then put it in Muffle furnace with 550 DEG C of roasting 4h;
F material after roasting is carried out H with tube furnace by ()2Reduction, then natural cooling prepares described catalyst.
The processing method of a kind of tritium-containing liquid waste the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that use described 0.5%Pt/TiO2It is more than 80% that catalyst carries out the CO conversion ratio of transformationreation.
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Cited By (5)

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CN106971766A (en) * 2017-04-17 2017-07-21 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 The retracting device of HTO in a kind of molecular sieve
CN107705867A (en) * 2017-11-09 2018-02-16 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 It is a kind of to go tritiated processing unit and method containing HTO
CN108802267A (en) * 2018-06-15 2018-11-13 哈尔滨工程大学 Hydrogen isotope gas phase exchanges hydrophobic catalyst activity rating device and evaluation method
CN112037958A (en) * 2020-09-09 2020-12-04 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 High-concentration tritium water treatment device
CN112117020A (en) * 2020-09-09 2020-12-22 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 Method for treating tritium water by photo-thermal concerted catalysis

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106971766A (en) * 2017-04-17 2017-07-21 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 The retracting device of HTO in a kind of molecular sieve
CN107705867A (en) * 2017-11-09 2018-02-16 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 It is a kind of to go tritiated processing unit and method containing HTO
CN107705867B (en) * 2017-11-09 2023-06-16 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 Tritium removal treatment device and method for tritium-containing water
CN108802267A (en) * 2018-06-15 2018-11-13 哈尔滨工程大学 Hydrogen isotope gas phase exchanges hydrophobic catalyst activity rating device and evaluation method
CN112037958A (en) * 2020-09-09 2020-12-04 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 High-concentration tritium water treatment device
CN112117020A (en) * 2020-09-09 2020-12-22 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 Method for treating tritium water by photo-thermal concerted catalysis
CN112037958B (en) * 2020-09-09 2022-09-23 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 High-concentration tritium water treatment device
CN112117020B (en) * 2020-09-09 2022-11-22 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 Method for treating tritium water by photo-thermal concerted catalysis

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