CN105976874B - A kind of subregion tritium purge system adapted to for fusion reactor solid blanket - Google Patents
A kind of subregion tritium purge system adapted to for fusion reactor solid blanket Download PDFInfo
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- CN105976874B CN105976874B CN201610108339.2A CN201610108339A CN105976874B CN 105976874 B CN105976874 B CN 105976874B CN 201610108339 A CN201610108339 A CN 201610108339A CN 105976874 B CN105976874 B CN 105976874B
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- covering
- purge
- header
- partition plate
- purge gas
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of subregion tritium purge system adapted to for fusion reactor solid blanket, including purge gass distribution header, purge gass to collect header, covering side plate and some reinforcement partition plates；Covering is divided into some sub-districts by side plate and reinforcement partition plate, and each sub-district is filled by multiplication agent ball bed or Neutron multiplication agent ball bed；Coolant flow passages and purge gass distribution cavity are disposed with side plate and reinforcement partition plate（Or collecting chamber）, chamber is through side plate or strengthens uniformly distributed stomata on partition plate and is communicated with ball bed, and the other end is with accordingly distributing（Or collect）Header is connected；Purge gass enter covering side plate by distribution header（Or strengthen partition plate）In gas distribution chamber, flow through each sub-district of covering, then the gas collection chamber in reinforced partition plate imports and collects header, realizes that the distribution of purge gass two-stage and two-stage are collected, and tritium purging circulation is completed in covering.The present invention have subregion purging, purging resistance it is small, it is simple in structure the features such as, have refrigerating function concurrently, available for fusion reactor solid-state breed covering in.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of subregion tritium purge system adapted to for fusion reactor solid blanket, belongs to nuclear fusion engineering neck
Domain.
Background technology
Tritium necessary to producing fusion facility core high temperature fusion reaction, it is the main work(of fusion reactor blanket to realize that tritium is controlled oneself
One of can.Fusion reactor blanket can be divided into according to the states of matter form of tritium multiplication agent by solid-state tritium multiplication agent covering and liquid tritium multiplication agent
Covering.Wherein, a kind of important solid multiplication agent of the solid-state water cooling covering (WCCB) as Chinese fusion engineering experiment heap (CFETR)
Covering scheme, is also carrying out relevant design and research and development.Water cooling solid blanket uses Li2TiO3/Be12Ti mixing balls bed is as production
Tritium carrier.Meanwhile in order to improve the production tritium efficiency of covering, arrange beryllium ball bed as Neutron multiplication agent wherein.With other solid-states
Multiplication agent covering is the same, and solid-state water cooling covering flows through the hole between ball bed particle by helium carrying hydrogen, utilizes the same position of hydrogen
The method of element displacement is extracted in the tritium of breeding blanket generation, and then is transported to the tritium recovery system outside covering.Therefore, it is necessary to wrapping
The special tritium purge system of layer indoor design, to realize the conveying and extraction of tritium inside covering.
The design of tritium purge system is related to the cross disciplines such as neutronics, material science, fluid and heat and mass, it is necessary to take into account tritium
Extraction efficiency, purge stream dynamic resistance, the factor such as cooling performance of breeding blanket.On the one hand, it is contemplated that Microsphere Size is smaller (general
For 1~2mm), purging path is longer, and flow of sweep gas comparison of resistance is considerable.On the other hand, because being in neutron irradiation for a long time
Under the conditions of, void swelling can occur for solid-state multiplication agent particle.Due to ball bed particle deformation, burning caused by void swelling and thermal expansion
Knot, rupture and structural rearrangement can also influence to conduct heat and put forward tritium effect, or even flow dead zone occur in regional area, cause purge gass
Body circulation is deteriorated, and cooling capacity deficiency, tritium is detained serious.Therefore, tritium purge system design is one extremely complex and difficult
Work.
At present, Japan has carried out more detailed set to the tritium purge system of its ITER water cooling solid blanket experiment module
Meter.Its cladding structure arranges that the i.e. breeding blanket pipe (or coldplate) that is cooled radially is divided into some sub-districts using radial direction subregion.
Purge gas is flowed into by the purge gass distribution main pipe of covering backboard side, enters each sub-district along covering bottom, then through pole to purging
Ball bed, collects finally by top purging feed channel, is flowed out from covering backboard side.It is disadvantageous in that：(1) covering radial direction
Each sub-district is both needed to arrangement purging tracheae, and pipeline is more, is not fixed easily, and structure is more complicated；(2) along covering pole to purging ball
Bed, it is longer to flow through the purging path of ball bed, and purging atmidometer is big, and inlet outlet pressure differential is higher, needs the pump (or wind turbine) of relatively high power
Promote purge gass circulation；(3) each sub-district purging tracheae arrangement is concentrated, and is easily formed purging dead band, is difficult to realize uniformly purging.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome, existing solid-state multiplication agent covering tritium purge system gas flow resistance is big, easily flow dead zone occurs
Shortcoming, the present invention propose a kind of horizontal tritium purge system scheme of fusion reactor water cooling covering, are set available for fusion reactor solid blanket
In meter；The program not only effectively reduces purge gas inlet and outlet pressure drop, but also purge stream is uniform, is less prone to local flow
Dead band, while have refrigerating function concurrently.
The shortcomings that to overcome above-mentioned existing solid-state multiplication agent covering tritium purge system, the technical solution adopted in the present invention
It is：
A kind of subregion tritium purge system adapted to for fusion reactor solid blanket, it is by purge gas distribution header, purging
Gas collection header, covering side plate and some coverings strengthen partition plate composition；Covering side plate and each reinforcement partition plate, respectively strengthen partition plate
Between interval be about 150~250mm, covering is divided into some sub-districts, each sub-district is by multiplication agent ball bed (Li2TiO3/Be12Ti
Mix ball bed) or Neutron multiplication agent ball bed (beryllium ball bed) filling.Many purge gas are disposed with covering side plate and reinforcement partition plate
Distribution cavity (or collecting chamber), gas distribution chamber (or collecting chamber) one end is through side plate or strengthens equally distributed stomata and ball on partition plate
Bed communicates, and the other end is connected with corresponding distribution header (or collecting header).Purge gas distribution header is used for covering side plate
And strengthen partition plate distribution purge gass, realize the primary distribution of purge gass；Covering side plate, strengthen gas distribution that partition plate passes through its inside
Chamber (or collecting chamber) realizes the secondary distribution of purge gass and primary collection；And collect header and then collect and strengthen blowing for partition plate from covering
Scavenging, realizes that purge gass are secondary and collects.Each module of system is fabricated using low activation steel.Purge gas is helium (containing about
0.1% hydrogen), gas flow rate is about 0.1m/s~0.3m/s.
Purge gas in the covering tritium purge system enters covering side plate (or strengthening partition plate) by gas distribution header
In gas distribution chamber, flow through the filling ball bed in each sub-district of covering, then the gas collection chamber in reinforced partition plate collects inflow
Purge gas collects header, and purging circulation is completed inside covering.Purging circulation realizes that the distribution of purge gass two-stage and two-stage are received
Collection, and each covering sub-district can be purged independently.
Coolant flow channel is disposed with the covering side plate and reinforcement partition plate, is connected with covering cooling system.Coolant flow
Through above-mentioned coolant flow channel, take away covering side plate and strengthen the heat of partition plate or even ball bed, realize refrigerating function.
It is of the invention compared with existing solid-state multiplication agent covering tritium purge system, its advantage is：
1. purge gas distribution cavity and collecting chamber are arranged in covering side plate and strengthen in partition plate, make cladding structure it is simple, can
It is high, easy to process by property；
2. realizing that each sub-district of covering independently purges, purging path is shorter, and purge gas inlet outlet pressure differential substantially reduces,
Gas flow resistance reduces, and makes purge system more efficient；
3. realizing that the distribution of purge gass two-stage and two-stage are collected, covering ball bed and purge gas distribution cavity (or collecting chamber) are connected
Stomata be uniformly covered with covering side plate and strengthen baffle surface, make purge stream uniform, and be less prone to flow dead zone；Meanwhile
Purge gass can come into full contact with ball bed, tritium extraction efficiency；
4. being disposed with coolant flow passages in covering side plate and reinforcement partition plate, while realize to side plate and strengthen partition plate or even ball
The cooling of bed, cooling structure are simple.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall axis surveys view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the purge gas distribution cavity and collecting chamber axis surveys view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the top view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the A-A sectional views of the present invention (covering strengthens partition plate sectional view).
Fig. 5 is the B-B sectional views (covering side plate sectional view) of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the C-C sectional views of the present invention (covering purge gas distributes header and collects header sectional view).
Fig. 7 is the E portions enlarged drawing of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is ball bed (multiplication agent ball bed or multiplication agent ball bed) purge gass inlet outlet pressure differential and purging path length relation
Figure.
In figure：1. tritium purge gas distributes header；2. tritium purge gas collects header；3. distribute header purge gas into
Mouthful；4. collect the outlet of header purge gas；5-1. side plates 1；5-2. side plates 2；6-1. strengthens partition plate one；6-2. strengthens partition plate two；
6-3. strengthens partition plate three；Purge gass distribution cavity in 7-1. side plates 1；Purge gass distribution cavity in 7-2. side plates 2；8-1. strengthen every
Purge gass collecting chamber in plate one；8-2. strengthens the purge gass distribution cavity in partition plate two；8-3. strengthens the purge gass in partition plate three
Collecting chamber；9. coolant flow passages；10. distribute header casing；11. collect header casing.
Fig. 2 straight lines solid arrow flows to for purge gass air inlet, and curve solid arrow is stream of the purge gass in ball bed is filled
To dotted arrow flows to for purge gass outlet.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the specific embodiment of the invention is described further：
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of subregion tritium purge system adapted to for fusion reactor solid blanket, it is distributed by purge gas
Header 1, purge gas collect header 2, two pieces of coverings side plate 5-1 and 5-2, and three pieces of reinforcement partition plate 6-1,6-2 and 6-3 groups
Into.Two blocks of side plates are connected with purge gass distribution header, form a " u "-shaped.Three pieces are strengthened partition plate and two pieces of side sheet rooms every about
150~250mm, is divided into four sub-districts, each sub-district can fill Li by covering2TiO3/Be12Ti mixing balls bed (or neutron increases
Grow agent ball bed), the position of reinforcement partition plate and side plate along height because of covering in fusion facility is different and different, about 1.0m
To 2.5m.
Fig. 2 shows biside plate (5-1 and 5-2) and strengthens the internal gas distribution chamber (7- of partition plate (6-1,6-2 and 6-3)
1,7-2 and 8-2) and collecting chamber (8-1 and 8-3), purge gas distributes header 1 into " m " shape of standing upside down, respectively with biside plate (5-1 and
5-2) and centre strengthens three groups of internal purge gas distribution cavities 7-1,7-2 of partition plate (6-2) and 8-2 is communicated.Three groups of gases point
It is square with chamber cross section of fluid channel, is arranged side by side, every group shares 23 distribution cavities, and a series of gas are equipped with each distribution cavity
Hole, purge gas can be flowed into inside ball bed by stomata from distribution cavity.Purge gas collecting box into " n " shape, respectively with strengthen every
Purge gas collecting chamber inside plate 6-1 and 6-3 communicates, and totally two groups of collecting chamber, every group 23, cross section of fluid channel is square, and also beats
There is stomata, and communicated with ball bed.Each gas collection chamber can be flowed into by stomata by flowing through the purge gas of ball bed, be finally pooled to and blown
Scavenging body collecting box 2.
The flow direction of purge gas of the present invention is as shown by the arrows in figure 2.Purge gas (be usually 99.9% helium and
0.1% hydrogen mixed gas) collected by two-stage distribution and two-stage and realize covering filling ball bed purging.The allocated header of purge gas
Import 3 flows into distribution header 1, subsequently enters purge gas distribution cavity (7-1,7-2 in side plate 5-1,5-2 and reinforcement partition plate 6-3
And 8-2), the purge gas distributed inside header is assigned to side plate and strengthens partition plate, this is that primary purge gass are distributed.Purge gass
Body can be with uniform flow goal bed through the uniformly distributed stomata of each distribution cavity, this is that secondary purge gass are distributed.Filling ball in each sub-district
In bed, with tritium isotopic occurs for the hydrogen in purge gas.To be sufficiently displaced from isotope, usual purge gas flow velocity is very
It is small, only about 0.1~0.3m/s, or even smaller.The tritium displaced flows through each collecting chamber (8-1 and 8-3) with purge gas
On stomata, be collected chamber and collect (this be primary purge gass collect), finally collect and flow into purge gas and collect header 2 (this is
Secondary purge gass are collected), through the outflow of outlet 4, a tritium purging circulation is completed inside covering.Received by two-stage distribution and two-stage
Collection, on the one hand, purge stream can be made more uniform in filling ball bed distribution, be less prone to purging dead band；On the other hand, purge gass
Come into full contact with filling ball bed, can also improve tritium extraction efficiency.
The present invention can effectively reduce purge gass inlet outlet pressure differential.According to Ergun formula, ball bed inlet outlet pressure differential is
In formula, Δ P, L and ε are ball bed inlet outlet pressure differential, import and export length and ball bed porosity；μ, ρ, U are gas viscosity,
Density, flow velocity；φ, DpRespectively ball bed particle sphericity and particle diameter.Fig. 8 illustrates purge gass inlet outlet pressure differential and purging
The graph of a relation of path length.As it can be seen that inlet outlet pressure differential of the purge gas in ball bed is proportional to purging path length.The present invention adopts
With the Purge methods of subregion purging ball bed, only have about 150~250mm by the purging path length of ball bed, and use general non-
Subregion Purge methods, purging path length is up to 1000mm~2500mm.Therefore, the present invention will be reduced to purge gas pressure difference
Less than 25%.This will substantially reduce purge gas circulation resistance, and the requirement to purge gas circulation pump also decreases, so as to save
About installation cost.
Also include a series of " u "-shapeds in covering biside plate (5-1,5-2) and three pieces of reinforcement partition plates (6-1,6-2 and 6-3)
Coolant flow passages 9 (such as Fig. 4 and Fig. 5), coolant flow channel are spaced apart with purge gas distribution cavity (or collecting chamber) so that side plate and
It is uniform to strengthen barrier temperature distribution.Each coolant flow passages both ends are connected with covering cooling system inlet and outlet respectively, flow into stream
Cooling agent in road can take away covering side plate, strengthens partition plate or even fill the neutron nuclear heat of deposition in ball bed, realize cooling cooling
Function；In addition, purge system and cooling system portion of runner Combined design are made cladding structure by this designing scheme of the present invention
Simply, it is easy to process.
Covering side plate and reinforcement partition plate can be placed vertically in the present invention, also can be horizontal positioned, and subregion purging can be achieved.But
Side plate is considered as when horizontal positioned and strengthens partition plate load-bearing.
As shown in Figure 6,7, covering purge gas distribution header and collection header sectional view, illustrate purge gas distribution connection
Case and the distribution header casing 10 and collection header casing 11 for collecting header.
The part that the present invention does not state in detail, belongs to techniques well known.
Although the illustrative embodiment of the present invention is described in above content, in order to the technology of this area
Personnel understand the present invention.It should be apparent that the invention is not restricted to the scope of embodiment, to the common skill of the art
For art personnel, if various change appended claim and present invention determine that spirit and scope in, these changes are
It will be apparent that in the row of protection of the invention.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. subregion tritium purge system adapted to for fusion reactor solid blanket, it is characterised in that：Include purge gas point Header, two covering side plates and some coverings, which are collected, with header, purge gas strengthens partition plate；Covering side plate and reinforcement partition plate will Covering is divided into some sub-districts, and each sub-district is filled by tritium multiplication agent ball bed or neutron multiplication agent ball bed, and the filling rate of ball bed is 0.6 ~0.8；Be disposed with a series of purge gas distribution cavities or collecting chamber in side plate and each reinforcement partition plate, each chamber through side plate or Strengthen equally distributed stomata on partition plate to communicate with ball bed, the other end distributes header with corresponding purge gas or purge gas is received Collection header is connected；Purge gas distribution header is used to strengthen partition plate distribution from distribution header entrance to covering side plate and part of clad The purge gas of filling-in clad, realizes the primary distribution of purge gass；Covering side plate and the part of clad are strengthened partition plate and are passed through in it The purge gas distribution cavity in portion purges the dispersed injection tritium multiplication agent ball bed of purge gas or neutron multiplication agent ball bed, realization The secondary distribution of gas；And the covering of another part strengthens partition plate and the purge gas for flowing through ball bed is collected to the purge gass for flowing into its inside Body collecting chamber, realizes purge gass primary collection；Purge gas is collected header and is added for collecting the covering from described another part The purge gas of strong partition plate, and through collecting header outlet outflow covering, realize that purge gass are secondary and collect.
- 2. a kind of subregion tritium purge system adapted to for fusion reactor solid blanket according to claim 1, its feature exist In：Purge gas is entered the gas distribution chamber in covering side plate or part reinforcement partition plate by purge gas distribution header, flows through bag Filling ball bed in each sub-district of layer, then the gas collection chamber strengthened through another part in partition plate collect inflow purge gas and collect connection Case, completes tritium purging circulation inside covering；In purging circulation, purge gass are collected by two-stage distribution and two-stage, and often A covering sub-district independently purges.
- 3. a kind of subregion tritium purge system adapted to for fusion reactor solid blanket according to claim 1, its feature exist In：The purge gas distribution header and purge gas collect header and are arranged in covering backboard side；Covering side plate and covering add Arranged for interval has coolant flow passages and gas distribution chamber or collecting chamber, coolant flow passages and covering cooling system phase in strong partition plate Even, for cooling down the filling ball bed in covering side plate, reinforcement partition plate and each sub-district.
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| CN201610108339.2A CN105976874B (en) | 2016-02-26 | 2016-02-26 | A kind of subregion tritium purge system adapted to for fusion reactor solid blanket |
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| CN201610108339.2A CN105976874B (en) | 2016-02-26 | 2016-02-26 | A kind of subregion tritium purge system adapted to for fusion reactor solid blanket |
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| CN105976874B true CN105976874B (en) | 2018-05-04 |
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| CN107093466B (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2019-01-04 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of cold cladding structure of fusion reactor helium of bushing type |
| CN109859858A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-06-07 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | A kind of foam type tritium multiplication agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN112259261B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-05-17 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Fusion reactor water-cooling liquid lithium lead tritium production blanket module shunting system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH0882688A (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1996-03-26 | Toshiba Corp | Breeding blanket of fusion reactor |
| CN103187106A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2013-07-03 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Test blanket module for international thermonuclear experimental reactor with low toroidal field waviness |
| CN104021819B (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2017-01-11 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Design of cooling and tritium extracting loop for helium cooling solid state tritium multiplication covering layer multiplication unit |
| CN104409107A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-03-11 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Superconducting magnetic confinement fusion reactor fast thermal neutron coupled water-cooled tritium production solid cladding layer |
| CN204303357U (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-29 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | A kind of for tritium propagation and the Novel experimental covering proving installation of heat extraction |
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