CN1059744C - Optical fiber connector and method of fabricating same - Google Patents
Optical fiber connector and method of fabricating same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1059744C CN1059744C CN95108047A CN95108047A CN1059744C CN 1059744 C CN1059744 C CN 1059744C CN 95108047 A CN95108047 A CN 95108047A CN 95108047 A CN95108047 A CN 95108047A CN 1059744 C CN1059744 C CN 1059744C
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- conduit
- housing
- passage
- sleeve
- sleeve assembly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
- G02B6/3855—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture characterised by the method of anchoring or fixing the fibre within the ferrule
- G02B6/3861—Adhesive bonding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
- G02B6/3847—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture with means preventing fibre end damage, e.g. recessed fibre surfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3887—Anchoring optical cables to connector housings, e.g. strain relief features
- G02B6/3888—Protection from over-extension or over-compression
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
An optical fiber connector assembly includes a housing having a forward end, a rearward end and an axially extending passageway therethrough. A ferrule assembly is mounted within the passageway and includes a forwardly projecting ferrule near a forward end of the connector assembly for axially receiving the fiber end of an optical fiber cable inserted into the passageway from the rearward end of the housing. A tube is removably positioned in the passageway, with a front end of the tube at the ferrule assembly and a rear end of the tube exposed at the rearward end of the housing for receiving epoxy injected into the tube.
Description
The present invention generally speaking relates to the field of the joints of optical fibre, particularly a kind of fiber optic connector assembly, and it comprises a kind of unique apparatus of using at the scene toward the interior coating of the connector that has assembled basically used for epoxy resin.
Fiber optic connector assembly, for example traditional optical fiber SC connector, usually certain being arranged all generally is hollow housing, for the usefulness of dress inner sleeve assembly.This sleeve assembly has an outstanding forward sleeve, and for example ceramic sleeve supplies to admit the bare fibre end of inserting housing rear end optical cable.Housing has a passage usually, and sleeve assembly has a path, and sleeve itself has an eyelet, and all these is by connector assembly coaxial line location.Can accompany spring usually between sleeve assembly and the housing, for example disc spring pushes up outstanding forward sleeve with bullet.Connector assembly has a shell or coupling nut, strain relief sleeve pipe behind aluminium hydraulic pressed connecting pipe and after.No matter the part that all these are different adopts a kind of form or another kind of form, all is the quite general part of this type optical fiber connector assembly.
As mentioned above, the subject matter of the assembling and the use joints of optical fibre relates to depositing, load and transport and handling problems of all various parts of connector.In addition, in the process of assembly connector, especially optical cable is fixed in the process of connector, also is extensive use of epoxy resin.Manufacturing firm will separately deposit it it before optical cable assembles after usually all parts being made.Just many parts are transported to station when assembling.Sometimes be that multiple parts are shipped to the customers' place, assemble there the client.Perhaps many parts are shipped to the scene, assemble these parts and optical cable is installed by the site operation people.Store, load and transport and handle these multiple parts, safeguard during except that storage that efficient is neither high usually the expense that so multiple component needs, cost is again sizable.
In addition, join in the process when packing into optical cable in the connector with epoxy resin, epoxy resin is often scurried into the position that has relative motion to exist in the connector assembly.In other words, as above speak face to face like that, Tu Chu sleeve or entire sleeve assembly are to withstand with spring to join forward, make one or more parts of the sleeve/sleeve assembly of connector and housing can relative motion.If some epoxy resin " has freezed " parts of these energy relative motions, whole connector assembly is just bad.It is extremely difficult also will abstemiously applying epoxy resin in must assembly connector, particularly all the more so during the application scenario at the scene.
The present invention is intended to solve above-mentioned variety of issue, and method is the device that is equipped with a uniqueness, an apparatus (for example conduit) removably is assembled together with connector assembly itself, so that will be coated onto in the epoxy resin in the connector that is pre-assembled.
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of improved novel optical fiber connector assembly of These characteristics that has, comprise the method for making this subassembly.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the housing of the joints of optical fibre of the present invention have a forward end, one to the back-end with a passage that extends axially by housing.A sleeve assembly is housed in the passage, and this sleeve assembly is in that an outstanding forward sleeve is arranged near connector forward end place, for axially accepting the optical fiber end that inserts the optical cable of passage from housing to the back-end.
The present invention's imagination is removably settled a conduit in the passage of housing, the front end of conduit is at the sleeve assembly place, and display at housing to the back-end the rear end of conduit, for receiving the epoxy resin that injects conduit.Like this, connector assembly basically can be in conduit assembling and carrying under the situation in place in passage; Epoxy resin can inject sleeve assembly by conduit after a while; Conduit can removal; Optical cable can insert it is engaged with the epoxy resin that injects.
As this instructions was disclosed, the sleeve subassembly had a connector, and connector has one to extend axially in order to receive the path of optical cable, with the channel alignment in the housing.Sleeve extends forward in the connector front, and an optical fiber receiving opening is arranged, with this via alignment.Conduit extends by passage, and in passage near path near connector.Connector preferably has a recess, accepts the front end of conduit with sealing.In fact, be formed with inner boundary between housing and the sleeve assembly, relative motion is promptly carried out on this inner boundary.Conduit extends through this interface, thereby prevents that epoxy resin from scurrying or scurrying the interface.
At last, conduit extends back housing to the back-end.Conduit is preferably transparent, so that can watch the amount of epoxy resin in the conduit.
Read following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and can know understanding content of the present invention.
Specifically listed in this instructions appending claims and believed it is features of novelty more of the present invention.Consult in conjunction with the accompanying drawings following detailed description can the fine the present invention of understanding together with its purpose and advantage.In the accompanying drawing, element same among each figure is represented with same numbering.
Fig. 1 is the exploded perspective illustration of fiber optic connector assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a connector assembly parts decomposing section vertically.
Fig. 3 is the axial cut-open view of connector assembly, and connector assembly decannulation and aluminium hydraulic pressed connecting pipe have assembled outward basically, and epoxy resin has been poured into due position.
Fig. 4 is the axial section of the connector assembly that all assembles, and optical cable was also in place already.
In more detail referring to accompanying drawing, earlier referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.A kind of fiber optic connector assembly 10 that the present invention specifically provides, this assembly 10 comprises shell 12, inner housing 14 and sleeve assembly 16, sleeve assembly 16 is contained in the housing 14 and clamps with folder 17.Disc spring 18 is clipped between housing 14 and the sleeve assembly 16, but makes housing 14 and sleeve assembly 16 relative motions, and this is about to explanation in detail after a while.Pad Figure 20 is clipped between disc spring and the sleeve assembly, and back aluminium hydraulic pressed connecting pipe 22 is to establish with the strain relief sleeve pipe 24 that is enclosed within on the optical cable for the reinforcement of crimping optical cable, and all these are about to explanation after a while.At last, sleeve assembly 16 comprises plug section 26 and outstanding forward sleeve 28.
Before explanation the present invention shown in Figure 3, earlier referring to Fig. 4, this is that fiber optic connector assembly is fully assembled the synoptic diagram under the situation.Can see that sleeve assembly 16 is contained in the housing 14, in housing 14, clamp by the holder 17 in the groove 27 that embeds plug section 26.Housing 14 itself is contained in again in the shell 12.In the aperture 32 that a pair of snapping locking-type protrusion 30 of housing embeds on the shell 12.Be formed with passage 36 in the barrel-shaped part 34 that housing extends back, extend to the re-entrant portion 38 through enlarging of passage forward, this position receiving sleeve assembly 16.The connector 26 of sleeve assembly has an axial passageway 40, and sleeve 28 has an axial hole 42, and like this, the hole 42 of the passage 36 of housing, the path 40 of connector and sleeve is all coaxially aimed at by connector assembly, to admit the optical cable each several part.
(still referring to Fig. 4) in more detail, optical cable 44 is general structure, and oversheath 46 is plastic sheaths, and bare fibre end 48 is configured in the hole 42 of sleeve 28.The internal optical fiber of optical cable is with insulated cladding 50.Though do not illustrate among the figure, between oversheath 46 and inner cladding 50, may establish and compile the reinforcement of knowing layer and so on.Can also establish shield blade before these ingredients, all these is traditional in the art practice.
Surrounding layer 46 (together with any reinforcement) is positioned near the barrel-shaped part 34 of housing 14 as can see from Figure 4, is in metal crimp and takes in 22.The way of aluminium hydraulic pressed connecting pipe 22 usefulness machinery is crimped onto on the oversheath, firmly composite cable is firmly grasped.Insulated cladding 50 and internal optical fiber pass through the passage in the housing 14 forward, and extend by the path 40 of sleeve assembly connector 26.At this moment bare fibre extends by the hole in the sleeve 28 42.
Can also see referring to Fig. 4 that at last disc spring 18 is clipped between the connector 26 of housing 14 and sleeve assembly 16 with bullet top sleeve assembly.Therefore, sleeve 28 and optical fiber end 48 (together with the entire sleeve assembly) can be with respect to motions such as housing 14, shells 12, shown in double-headed arrow A like that.
Described in " background of invention " one section, during the assembling joints of optical fibre, when especially being fixed on the inner ingredient of optical cable in the connector, extensively adopt epoxy resin.More particularly, as usual, epoxy resin all pours in the path 40 of sleeve subassembly connector 26, and epoxy resin is scurried in the hole 42 of sleeve 28.Therefore, when optical cable as shown in Figure 4 with recited above such when inserting or being fitted in the connector, epoxy resin is fixed on bare fibre end and the covering 50 that adjoins portion in the sleeve assembly.When (this point is quite important) assembled in the manufacture process neutralization at the scene, when adding epoxy resin, can run into sizable problem.If epoxy resin is scurried the position beyond its target, whole connector assembly is degenerated.For example, between assembly 16 and housing 14, be formed with boundary zone 56 (Fig. 4).If epoxy resin scurries this boundary zone, and scurry near the disc spring 18 the cavity 38, disc spring is not moved, thereby whole connector assembly is degenerated.
Referring to Fig. 3.The present invention thinks assembly connector subassembly (that is, aluminium hydraulic pressed connecting pipe 22 and strain relief assembly 24 exceptions), and the pipe 58 made of the material of 60 installing teflon to the back-end by housing 14 etc. and so on.This subassembly as shown in Figure 3, has a series of benefits.Especially, as we can see from the figure, connector assembly has assembled basically.This can carry out at manufacturing site location, then this subassembly is shipped to the personnel at other processing station, client there and/or the scene of going out.This subassembly makes our Maintenance free manage all discrete parts, for example shell 12, inner housing 14, sleeve subassembly 16, disc spring 18 and packing ring 20.This can also make the client of field staff or assembly need not to assemble these parts.
Subassembly shown in Fig. 3 also can assemble under conduit 58 situation in place.Conduit is for ease of epoxy resin being injected sleeve assembly 16, and other parts of making assembly are efficiently accurately by establishing.Epoxy resin is in case by conduit injection sleeve assembly, with regard to the removal conduit, so such optical cable 44 (Fig. 4) and the various parts thereof of assembling that just can as above speak face to face make the optical cable fix in position by epoxy resin that pours into and aluminium hydraulic pressed connecting pipe 22.
More particularly, can see that the front end 62 of conduit 58 is in the rear end of sleeve assembly 16 connectors 26 is packed recess 64 into.In fact, recess 64 is path 40 amplifier sections by connector.The size of recess obtains the inner that makes conduit 58 and can insert wherein unblockedly, but is not even as big as making any epoxy resin scurry the outside therefrom.In addition, recess 64 forms intilted surface as cutting sth. askew 68 places, and the inner 62 of conduit 58 promptly can ride on this surface and seal.Sealing is to be undertaken by the end of conduit 58 light press fits being gone into connector 26.So just provide and prevented that epoxy resin from outwards scurrying into the effective measures that interface locations 56 is scurried disc spring 18 and other inner ingredient of connector assembly.Epoxy resin is once path 40 and the hole 42 of injecting sleeve assembly, just with the conduit removal, so subassembly just can be admitted optical cable at once.Because the performance of materials such as teflon, conduit 58 can be not wetting for epoxy resin.
Characteristics of the present invention comprise, make conduit 58 have enough length, thereby make the rear end 60 that the rear end of conduit can protruding housing 14, as shown in Figure 3.Conduit is preferably transparent.Like this, under the situation that transparent conduit extends to the housing rear, can observe, thereby guarantee that when conduit is poured into its outshot that eyes at least can observe epoxy resin irritated into by conduit already.
At last, the present invention has visualized a kind of method of assembling fiber optic connector assembly 10.Under speak face to face this method, and sum up the characteristics structurally of the present invention.More particularly, the present invention includes the following step: be equipped with housing 14, this housing 14 has a forward end 70 and to the back-end 60, also has passage 36 axially by housings 14 extensions.Sleeve assembly 16 is housed in the passage, and this sleeve assembly has an outstanding forward sleeve 28, for axially receiving from the optical fiber end 48 of the optical cable that inserts passage to the back-end 44 of housing.Conduit 58 is from the passage of insertion to the back-end of housing, till the front end 62 of conduit is in the recess 64 of sleeve assembly 16 connectors 26.Epoxy resin pours in the sleeve assembly by conduit.Then conduit is extracted out, and optical cable is packed in the connector assembly, fix with epoxy resin and aluminium hydraulic pressed connecting pipe 22.
Self-evident, under the prerequisite that does not break away from spirit of the present invention or principal feature, the present invention can implement by other form.Therefore, these examples of this instructions and embodiment should regard as for example, and should not regard limitation of the present invention as.The present invention is not limited to described each details of this instructions.
Claims (15)
1. a part fiber optic connector assembly (10) comprising:
Housing (14) has a forward end (70) and a passage (36) axially to extend by connector assembly (10);
Sleeve assembly (16) inserts the described passage from the front end of described housing, and described sleeve assembly has a spring (18) that biasing force is provided, and also has device (20), with so that described sleeve assembly remain in the described housing;
Sleeve (28) is positioned at the front end of described sleeve assembly, stretches out from the forward end of described housing (14), for axially receiving the optical cable (44) that inserts described passage from (60) to the back-end of housing;
Shell (12), near its forward end and being contained in movably to the back-end the described housing (14), the forward end of wherein said shell flushes with the forward end of described housing basically in its front position, the extension to the back-end of then passing through described shell to the back-end of described housing;
It is characterized in that, above-mentioned fiber optic connector assembly (10) has been carried out following improvement:
Removably settled a conduit (58) in described passage (36), the front end of conduit (12) is in sleeve assembly (16) to be located, and display at housing (14) to the back-end the rear end of conduit (69), for receiving the epoxy resin that injects conduit;
Therefore connector assembly (10) can be in conduit (58) movement under the situation in place in passage (36), can epoxy resin be injected sleeve assembly (16) by conduit later on, with the optical fiber end of optical cable being inserted in the passage behind the conduit removal, engage with the epoxy resin that injects.
2. the joints of optical fibre as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described sleeve assembly (16) has a recess (64), and the form that is provided with sealing receives the front end of conduit (58).
3. the joints of optical fibre as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, are formed with internal interface (56) between housing (14) and the sleeve assembly (16), and described conduit (58) is through the extension of described interface, in case described interface is scurried or scurried to the block resin.
4. the joints of optical fibre as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sleeve assembly (16) has a connector (26), this connector has an axially extended path (40) that holds optical cable, with described passage coaxial line, described sleeve (28) then stretches out forward from connector (26), and a hole (42) and described path coaxial line that receives optical fiber is arranged, described conduit (58) then extends by passage, overlaps near path with connector.
5. the joints of optical fibre as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described connector (26) has a recess (64), and the mode that is provided with sealing is accepted the front end of conduit (58).
6. the joints of optical fibre as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, are formed with inner boundary (56) between housing (14) and the sleeve assembly (16), and described conduit (58) extends through described interface, in case this interface is scurried or scurried to the stop ring epoxy resins.
7. the joints of optical fibre as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described connector (26) has a recess, for the front end of accepting conduit (58) hermetically.
8. the joints of optical fibre as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, (60) to the back-end that described conduit (58) extends rearward to housing (14) in addition.
9. the joints of optical fibre as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described conduit (58) is transparent, thereby can observe the amount of epoxy resin with it.
10. the joints of optical fibre as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described conduit (58) is made by the material of teflon etc. and so on.
11. the joints of optical fibre as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, the inside surface of described conduit (58) is coated with the material of teflon etc. and so on.
12. a kind of method of assembling fiber optic connector assembly (10) is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
Be equipped with housing (14), this housing has a forward end (70), one the axial passage (36) by housing (14) extension of (60) and to the back-end;
Adorn a sleeve assembly (16) in described passage, sleeve assembly (16) has an outstanding forward sleeve (28), for axially receiving the optical fiber end (48) of inserting the optical cable (44) in the passage from housing to the back-end;
Conduit (58) is inserted the passage to end from housing, till the front end (62) of conduit is in sleeve assembly (16) and locates;
By conduit (58) epoxy resin (58) is injected sleeve arrangement (16);
Conduit (58) is extracted out; Then
Optical cable (44) is inserted in the passage; It is engaged, till optical fiber end (48) is in the described sleeve (28) with epoxy resin.
13. method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, it comprises inserts conduit (58), makes the step of itself and sleeve assembly (16) sealed engagement.
14. method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, described conduit is made by the material of polytetroxide ethene etc. and so on.
15. method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, the inside surface of described conduit (58) is coated with the material of teflon and so on.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US268155 | 1994-06-29 | ||
| US08/268,155 US5465313A (en) | 1994-06-29 | 1994-06-29 | Optical fiber connector and method of fabricating same |
| US268,155 | 1994-06-29 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1121180A CN1121180A (en) | 1996-04-24 |
| CN1059744C true CN1059744C (en) | 2000-12-20 |
Family
ID=23021725
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95108047A Expired - Fee Related CN1059744C (en) | 1994-06-29 | 1995-06-28 | Optical fiber connector and method of fabricating same |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5465313A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0690320B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3019449U (en) |
| KR (1) | KR0170029B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1059744C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69528687T2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW287242B (en) |
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| KR101939378B1 (en) | 2017-04-06 | 2019-04-11 | (주)엠에스전자 | Connector for optical fiber cable |
| CN107193088A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-09-22 | 天津华宁电子有限公司 | A kind of new type mining optical fiber Quick Connect Kit |
| CN110174728A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-08-27 | 中航光电科技股份有限公司 | Connector and its tail portion sheath |
| CN110174727A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-08-27 | 中航光电科技股份有限公司 | A kind of tail portion sheath and the connector using the tail portion sheath |
| CN110007407A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-12 | 芜湖乐知智能科技有限公司 | A kind of optical fiber connector |
| JP2022547242A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2022-11-11 | 華為技術有限公司 | connector |
| WO2023089971A1 (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-05-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Optical connector |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1577729A (en) * | 1976-09-25 | 1980-10-29 | Plessey Co Ltd | Coupling of optic-waveguide elements |
| US5096276A (en) * | 1988-02-23 | 1992-03-17 | Amp Incorporated | Sheath connector for an optical cable |
| EP0330399B1 (en) * | 1988-02-23 | 1994-05-04 | The Whitaker Corporation | Sheath connector for an optical cable |
| JP2896802B2 (en) * | 1990-06-05 | 1999-05-31 | セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社 | Manufacturing method of optical fiber connector plug |
| US5222169A (en) * | 1992-02-18 | 1993-06-22 | Foxconn International, Inc. | Optical fiber connector assembly |
| US5285510A (en) * | 1992-12-15 | 1994-02-08 | The Whitaker Corporation | Fiber optic connector |
| US5283849A (en) * | 1993-02-01 | 1994-02-01 | Siecor Corporation | Optical connector preassembly |
| US5287425A (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1994-02-15 | Foxconn International, Inc. | Optical fiber SC type connector assembly with partly pre-assembled components |
-
1994
- 1994-06-29 US US08/268,155 patent/US5465313A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-05-12 TW TW084104724A patent/TW287242B/zh active
- 1995-06-15 JP JP1995006960U patent/JP3019449U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-20 EP EP95109483A patent/EP0690320B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-20 DE DE69528687T patent/DE69528687T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-28 CN CN95108047A patent/CN1059744C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-28 KR KR1019950017759A patent/KR0170029B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1121180A (en) | 1996-04-24 |
| TW287242B (en) | 1996-10-01 |
| JP3019449U (en) | 1995-12-19 |
| KR960001793A (en) | 1996-01-25 |
| EP0690320B1 (en) | 2002-10-30 |
| DE69528687D1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
| EP0690320A1 (en) | 1996-01-03 |
| US5465313A (en) | 1995-11-07 |
| KR0170029B1 (en) | 1999-05-01 |
| DE69528687T2 (en) | 2003-07-17 |
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