CN105973932A - Wet steam dryness measuring method and apparatus thereof - Google Patents
Wet steam dryness measuring method and apparatus thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105973932A CN105973932A CN201610280285.8A CN201610280285A CN105973932A CN 105973932 A CN105973932 A CN 105973932A CN 201610280285 A CN201610280285 A CN 201610280285A CN 105973932 A CN105973932 A CN 105973932A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wet steam dryness measuring method. The dryness of wet steam is judged through measuring the convection heat transfer coefficient of wet steam that flows into a pipeline to be measured, when flowing into every measurement unit, and the variance of the convection heat transfer coefficients of two adjacent measurement units. The invention also discloses a measuring apparatus using the wet steam dryness measuring method. The method and the apparatus have the advantages of simplicity in operation, low energy consumption, fast response speed, high precision, and wide dryness application range.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to two-phase flow measurement field, measuring method and application particularly to a kind of wet-steam phase parameter should
Method measures the device of dryness of wet steam.
Background technology
Steam, owing to having the physicochemical properties such as production and transport is convenient, enthalpy is high, nontoxic, has been treated as one
Important secondary energy sources, are widely used in the fields such as the energy, metallurgy, chemical industry, pharmacy and food processing, provide heat for productive life
Energy and power.
Steam is mainly presented in two phase flow moist steam in transportation.Research and production actual displayed, steam
The quality of vapour, the namely parameters of steam, if temperature, pressure, mass dryness fraction and flow etc. are to the production unit of steam and use
The production efficiency of unit and quality important.And the survey of the measurement of two phase flow wet-steam phase parameter, especially mass dryness fraction
Amount, is an international difficult problem.
The Wet steam dryness measuring method that present stage uses mainly has thermodynamic method, partition method, electrical conductivity method, neutron density
Meter etc., generally have that low precision, response speed be slow, use condition harshness, poor reliability, the shortcoming such as expensive, lack practical
Being worth, the certainty of measurement of 8% just belongs to international most advanced level.Consider various Wet steam dryness measuring method, wherein with thermodynamics
Condensation method and heating application in method are relatively broad.But condensation method needs to carry Cooling Water, by very in use occasion
Big restriction；Heating needs to consume a large amount of electric energy, and response speed is slow, it is difficult to realize automatically controlling.
Summary of the invention
For making up the disadvantages mentioned above of existing Wet steam dryness measuring method, the invention discloses a kind of fast response time, merit
Consume low, adapt to the wide Wet steam dryness measuring method of mass dryness fraction scope and measurement apparatus.
The invention discloses a kind of Wet steam dryness measuring method, comprise the steps:
A () moist steam flows into pipeline to be measured；
B heating power that () controls the electric heating tube in each measuring unit is consistent, is P；After device to be measured is stable, pass through
Following equation calculates the convection transfer rate h that each measuring unit measurement obtainsi:
(1)
In formula (1):
hiThe convection transfer rate obtained for ith measurement unit measurement；
P is the heating power of each measuring unit electric heating tube；
A is the surface area of electric heating tube heating part in each measuring unit；
twiMeasurement temperature for temperature sensor SMD in ith measurement unit；
tfiFor the measurement temperature of plug-type temperature sensor in ith measurement unit；
C () calculates the knots modification of convection transfer rate between adjacent two measuring units according to the following formula:
(2)
In formula (2):
△hiThe difference of the convection transfer rate obtained is measured for i+1 measuring unit and ith measurement unit；
hiThe convection transfer rate obtained for ith measurement unit measurement；
hi+1The convection transfer rate obtained for i+1 measuring unit measurement；
D () is according to △ hiVariation tendency judge dryness of wet steam x.
Further, increase the quantity of described measuring unit, the certainty of measurement of dryness of wet steam can be increased, thus improve
Treat the certainty of measurement of dryness of wet steam in test tube road.
A kind of measurement apparatus applying above-mentioned Wet steam dryness measuring method, including pipeline to be measured, measuring unit, described in treat
In test tube road, at least 4 measurement units are set along steam flow direction；Described measuring unit includes plug-type temperature sensor, electricity
Add heat pipe, SMD temperature sensor, in described pipeline to be measured, be sequentially installed with plug-in type temperature sensing along steam flow direction
Device, electric heating tube, described SMD temperature sensor is arranged on electric heating tube outer surface.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: with compared with thermodynamic (al) heating, dryness of wet steam disclosed by the invention is measured
Method and device, without measuring the flow of moist steam, operates the simplest；Because without by completely heated up for the moist steam overheated steaming of one-tenth
Vapour, energy consumption is lower, and faster, adaptable mass dryness fraction scope is the widest for corresponding speed.Additionally, this measuring method is to dryness of wet steam
Certainty of measurement is higher up to 5%, has the strongest using value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of measurement apparatus based on the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the relation schematic diagram of moist steam convection transfer rate and mass dryness fraction；
In figure: 1, pipeline to be measured, 2, measuring unit, 3, plug-type temperature sensor, 4, electric heating tube, 5, SMD temperature sensing
Device.
Detailed description of the invention
By making, inventive feature and the effect reached there are further understanding and understanding, in order to preferred embodiment
Coordinate with accompanying drawing and describe in detail, be described as follows:
As it is shown in figure 1, dryness of wet steam measurement apparatus includes pipeline 1 to be measured, measuring unit 2, flow along steam at pipeline 1 to be measured
Direction is sequentially arranged 5 measurement units 2, and described measuring unit 2 includes plug-type temperature sensor 3, electric heating tube 4；SMD
Temperature sensor 5 is arranged on the outer surface of electric heating tube 4.Plug-type temperature sensor 3 is inserted radially into along pipeline 1 to be measured
The central authorities of pipeline 1 to be measured, thus allow plug-type temperature sensor 3 can measure the temperature of the moist steam flowing through pipeline 1 to be measured；
Electric heating tube 4 is inserted radially into pipeline 1 to be measured along measurement pipeline 1, inserts end little apart from the distance of the pipeline 1 tube wall other end to be measured
In equal to 2mm, tube wall must not be touched, prevent the heat of electric heating tube 4 from being absorbed by pipeline 1 to be measured；SMD temperature sensor 5 is solid
It is scheduled on electric heating tube 4 outer surface, is positioned at the central authorities of pipeline 1 to be measured, for measuring the surface temperature of electric heating tube 4.
Plug-type temperature sensor 3, SMD temperature sensor 5, the model of electric heating tube 4, chi in each measuring unit 2
Very little, installation sites etc. are the most consistent.
The Wet steam dryness measuring method using above-mentioned measurement apparatus is carried out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) moist steam flows into pipeline 1 to be measured；
(2) heating power controlling electric heating tube 4 in each measuring unit 2 is consistent, is P；After device to be measured is stable, logical
Cross following equation and calculate the convection transfer rate h that each measuring unit measurement obtainsi:
In above formula:
hiThe convection transfer rate obtained for ith measurement unit measurement, W/ (m2•K)；
P is the heating power of each measuring unit electric heating tube 4, W；
A is the surface area (this value is definite value) of electric heating tube 4 heating part in each measuring unit, m2；
twiFor the measurement temperature of temperature sensor 4 SMD in ith measurement unit, K；
tfiFor the measurement temperature of plug-type temperature sensor 2, K in ith measurement unit；
(3) knots modification of convection transfer rate between adjacent two measuring units is calculated according to the following formula:
In above formula:
△hiDifference W/ (m for the convection transfer rate that i+1 measuring unit and ith measurement unit measurement obtain2•K)；
hiThe convection transfer rate obtained for ith measurement unit measurement, W/ (m2•K)；
hi+1The convection transfer rate obtained for i+1 measuring unit measurement, W/ (m2•K)；
(4) according to heat transfer principle, when other conditions are identical, the moist steam of different mass dryness fractions has different heat convections
Coefficient, as shown in Figure 2.Dryness of wet steam x from 0% increase to 100% during, the convection transfer rate of moist steam is with mass dryness fraction
Change and present different rules, whole process can be divided into I by rule, II, III, IV, V five region.When 0 < x < 10%
Shi Wei I district, now convection transfer rate is rapid increase trend with the increase of mass dryness fraction；When 10% < x < 50% Shi Wei II district, the most right
The stream coefficient of heat transfer changes little with the increase of mass dryness fraction；When 50% < x < 85% Shi Wei III district, now convection transfer rate is with mass dryness fraction
Increase in ascendant trend at a slow speed；When 85% < x < 90% Shi Wei IV district, now convection transfer rate with the increase of mass dryness fraction under quickly
Fall trend；When 90% < x < 100% Shi Wei V district, now convection transfer rate with the increase of mass dryness fraction in ascendant trend at a slow speed；Ith district with
Front is aqueous water, is superheated steam after Vth district.Therefore the variation tendency of basis sum the mass dryness fraction of moist steam to be measured can be judged.
Concrete determination methods is as follows.
If (a), and work asShi You, illustrate the 1st,
2 ..., m-1 measurement unit is in Vth district, m, m+1 ..., 5 measurement units are in superheated steam, then moist steam is dry
Degree x > 90%.Such as h1To h5It is all higher than 0, tf2=373K, tf3=383K, i.e. m=3, then when 3 measuring unit, moist steam has been
Overheated, the 1st, 2 two measuring units are in Vth district, at this moment judge mass dryness fraction x of moist steam > 90%, desirable intermediate value x=95%.
If b () works asShi You, whenShi You, illustrate the 1st, 2 ..., m
Measurement unit is in IVth district, m+1, m+2 ..., 5 measurement units are in Vth district or superheated steam, then moist steam
Mass dryness fraction x is 85 < x < 90%.Such as h1=20000W/(m2K), h2=2500W/(m2K), h3=2700W/(m2K), h4=2900W/
(m2K), h5=3100W/(m2K), i.e. m=2, illustrate that the convection transfer rate of moist steam experienced by the process of a rapid decrease,
From figure 2 it can be seen that this process can only appear on IVth district.That is the 1st measurement unit is in IVth district, after 4 groups of surveys
Amount unit is in Vth district or superheated steam, at this moment judges that the mass dryness fraction of moist steam is 85% < x < 90%, desirable intermediate value x=
87.5%。
If c () works asShi You, whenShi You, whenShi You , say
Bright 1st, 2 ..., m measurement unit is in II, IIIth district, m+1, m+2 ..., l measurement unit is in IVth district, l+1, l+
2 ..., 5 measurement units are in Vth district or superheated steam, then the mass dryness fraction of moist steam is.Such as h1=
18000W/(m2K), h2=19000W/(m2K), h3=20000W/(m2K), h4=2900W/(m2K), h5=3100W/(m2K),
I.e. m=3, l=4, say, that the convection transfer rate of moist steam experienced by rising at a slow speed, rapid decrease, rises at a slow speed
Process.The mass dryness fraction knots modification occurred through each measuring unit due to moist steam is equal, and the 3rd measuring unit and the 4th is measured
Between unit, the knots modification of dryness of wet steam is 5%, then it is assumed that mass dryness fraction x=80% of moist steam.
If d () works asTime, have,,, illustrate 1,2 ..., m-1
Measurement unit is in Ith district, then the mass dryness fraction of moist steam is 0 < x < 10%.Such as h1=5000W/(m2K), h2=15000W/(m2•
K), h3=16000W/(m2K), h4=17000W/(m2K), h5=18000W/(m2K),, i.e. m=
2, illustrate that the convection transfer rate of moist steam experienced by a zooming process, at this moment it is believed that the mass dryness fraction of moist steam is
0 < x < 10%, desirable intermediate value x=5%.
If the situation of above-mentioned (a) to (d) does not occurs, the electric heating tube 4 can being gradually increased in each measuring unit
Heating power, until measuring the value obtained transregional phenomenon clearly occur, repeating step (1) and arriving (4), complete to measure.
The heating power P of electric heating tube 4 can not infinitely increase, and certainly exists a maximum.If P reaches maximum
Time above-mentioned (a) does not occurs yet to the situation of (d), illustrate to flow through the flow of the moist steam measuring pipeline 1 too greatly, limited power is not
Be enough to make its mass dryness fraction that significantly variation to occur.Now can reduce the flow of moist steam, repeat step (1) and arrive (4), complete to survey
Amount.
It addition, increase the quantity of measuring unit 2, more data can be gathered for judging the Changing Pattern of heat transfer coefficient,
Such that it is able to more clearly from judge the working region residing for each measuring unit, and then distinguish residing for the 1st measuring unit
Working region, improves the certainty of measurement of dryness of wet steam, improves and treats the certainty of measurement of dryness of wet steam in test tube road 1.
With based on thermodynamic (al) heating ratio, dryness of wet steam measurement apparatus disclosed by the invention and method are wet without measuring
The flow of steam, structure is the simplest；Because without by completely heated up for moist steam one-tenth superheated steam, energy consumption is lower, corresponding speed
Faster, adaptable mass dryness fraction scope is the widest.Additionally, this measuring method to the certainty of measurement of dryness of wet steam up to 5%, be higher than
The certainty of measurement of 8% in prior art, has the strongest using value.
The ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantages of the present invention have more than been shown and described.The technology of this area
The personnel simply present invention it should be appreciated that the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments, described in above-described embodiment and description
Principle, the present invention also has various changes and modifications under the premise without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, these change
Both fall within the range of claimed invention with improvement.The protection domain of application claims by appending claims and
Its equivalent defines.
Claims (3)
1. a Wet steam dryness measuring method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
A () moist steam flows into pipeline to be measured (1)；
B heating power that () controls the electric heating tube (4) in each measuring unit (2) is consistent, is；Device to be measured is stable
After, calculate, by following equation, the convection transfer rate that each measuring unit measurement obtains:
(1)
In formula (1):
hiThe convection transfer rate obtained for ith measurement unit measurement；
P is the heating power of each measuring unit electric heating tube；
A is the surface area of electric heating tube heating part in each measuring unit；
twiMeasurement temperature for temperature sensor SMD in ith measurement unit；
tfiFor the measurement temperature of plug-type temperature sensor in ith measurement unit；
C () calculates the knots modification △ h of convection transfer rate between adjacent two measuring units according to the following formulai:
(2)
In formula (2):
△hiThe difference of the convection transfer rate obtained is measured for i+1 measuring unit and ith measurement unit；
hiThe convection transfer rate obtained for ith measurement unit measurement；
hi+1The convection transfer rate obtained for i+1 measuring unit measurement；
D () is according to △ hiVariation tendency judge dryness of wet steam x.
A kind of Wet steam dryness measuring method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: increase described measuring unit
(2) quantity, can increase the certainty of measurement of dryness of wet steam, thus improve the measurement essence treating dryness of wet steam in test tube road
Degree.
3. the measurement apparatus of the Wet steam dryness measuring method applied described in claim 1, it is characterised in that include to be measured
Pipeline (1), measuring unit (2), arrange at least 4 measurement units (2), institute along steam flow direction in described pipeline to be measured (1)
State measuring unit (2) and include plug-type temperature sensor (3), electric heating tube (4), SMD temperature sensor (5), described to be measured
It is sequentially installed with plug-type temperature sensor (3), electric heating tube (4), described SMD temperature along steam flow direction in pipeline (1)
Degree sensor (5) is arranged on electric heating tube (4) outer surface.
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| CN201610280285.8A CN105973932A (en) | 2016-05-03 | 2016-05-03 | Wet steam dryness measuring method and apparatus thereof |
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| CN201610280285.8A CN105973932A (en) | 2016-05-03 | 2016-05-03 | Wet steam dryness measuring method and apparatus thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113056643A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2021-06-29 | 丹佛斯有限公司 | Detection of steam quality |
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Cited By (2)
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