CN105973708A - Tensile strength assessment method of high-alloy heat resistant steel - Google Patents
Tensile strength assessment method of high-alloy heat resistant steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN105973708A CN105973708A CN201610500576.3A CN201610500576A CN105973708A CN 105973708 A CN105973708 A CN 105973708A CN 201610500576 A CN201610500576 A CN 201610500576A CN 105973708 A CN105973708 A CN 105973708A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
A tensile strength assessment method of high-alloy heat resistant steel comprises the following steps: acquiring a high-alloy heat resistant steel attached casting test block; acquiring Brinell hardness detecting values of the high-alloy heat resistant steel attached casting test block; carrying regression analysis by a large number of corresponding relations between multiple groups of Brinell hardness detecting values and a tensile strength value to obtain a regression relation between the tensile strength and the hardness. The relation can be used for assessing the tensile strength of the high-alloy heat resistant steel attached casting test block, through the experiment, the tensile strength value obtained by the method is compared to a tensile strength actual value detected by a universal stretching testing machine, the purpose of assessing a strength value of a casting by simple and practicable hardness detection is achieved completely, so that work such as actual production, technological test and customer performance witness can be guided, production and manufacturing level of large heat resistant steel castings is improved, and the practicability is quite high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to large-scale steel-casting mechanics properties testing field, particularly relate to the appraisal procedure of a kind of heat-resistant high alloy steel tensile strength.
Background technology
Hardness and tensile strength are two mechanical performance indexs the most frequently used in the component of machine examination and test of products.
Strength character decides the use value of material to a great extent, tensile strength the most often in Course Exercise in Machinery Elements Design by as assessment its bearing capacity major parameter.Tensile strength is the strength of materials performance indications obtained by one directional tensile test, and during test, material first produces elastic deformation, and after surrender, i.e. stress exceedes yield point generation plastic deformation, and finally occur just breaking formula ductile fracture when direct stress exceedes fracture strength.
And be also that material first occurs elastic deformation during forced hardness test, there is plastic deformation after surrender, if suitably controlling press-in load, material only can occur elastic deformation and the plastic deformation more much bigger than simple tension not to cut off.Just because of there is above-mentioned similar point between forced hardness test and simple tension, therefore between hardness number and intensity level, there is also certain relation., there is linear relationship when many in general correlation between ferrous materials tensile strength and hardness.
But both tests the most different types of test, and the soft coefficient of stress state is the most different, so the relation between them also will not be a kind of simple linear relationship, and they are by the chemical composition of material and manufacturing process, such as cast, forge, roll, the impact of heat treatment, the conversion relation between ferrous materials tensile strength and hardness also exists bigger dispersibility.
Owing to hardness detection method is easy, the most do not destroy part rapidly, by measuring hardness and the conversion relation between hardness strength can utilized to check and judging the strength character of part in some cases, especially in the case of working condition is fixing, set up the relation between ferrous materials tensile strength and hardness, and to monitor the production process of product by hardness be that one simply and easily selects, and there is critically important realistic meaning.Understanding the relation between ferrous materials tensile strength and hardness and influence factor thereof, manufacturer and user to material are all very important, and solve and do not measure tensile strength due to sample existing defects, thus affect a difficult problem for normal production procedure.
Tensile strength and the relation of hardness about steel, international standard ISO18265:2003 and standard GB/T/T1172-1999 all lists designate tensile strength and the hardness number of various steel, from the conversion table announced it will be clear that tensile strength and its hardness correlation of steel.If it is known that the hardness number of certain steel, just it is easy to converse corresponding tensile strength.But due to the difference of steel chemical composition, the difference of manufacturing process, the tensile strength conversed difference is bigger.Such as 45# steel, when obtaining identical hardness number 200HB by two kinds of techniques of high tempering (quenched) after quenching and normalized treatment, the tensile strength of quenched and tempered state is 620MPa, and only 540 MPa of normalizing state.
ISO/TR10108:1989 " steel hardness and tensile strength conversion " is a hardness and the technical report of tensile strength conversion, is the conversion of hardness tensile strength and application rule thereof set up for Brinell hardness and Vickers hardness.The material being suitable for is ultra-soft steel, mild steel, structural steel, high strength steel, unimach, steel alloy and rustless steel, conversion relation under 95% confidence limits the width of tensile strength dispersion train at more than 200MPa.Thus, set up the tensile strength of various steel under actual production conditions and be just particularly important with the relation of hardness.
It addition, the tensile strength that existing research such as Yang Yumin et al. finds casting carbon steel is linear with hardness (HBS), and obtain formula Rm=3.31HBS+35.03 by linear regression；Jiang Qinfeng et al. establishes elder brother's steel flat cold-rolled sheet St13 tensile strength and Rockwell hardness relation by lot of experiments, can be used for the strength estimation of different thickness of slab steel plate.The relational expression that they obtain is: Rm=2.5526HRF+118.63, (0.7mm≤thickness of slab≤1.1mm)；Rm=2.1361HRB+215.03, (1.1mm ＜ thickness of slab≤2.0mm).
Yu Zhaoxin and Xie Lingyang establishes the tensile strength being applicable to hot rolling, annealing and quality adjustment condition 42CrMo steel and Brinell hardness relational expression: Rm=49.1+3.174HB+R, (HB ＜ 200, R=-16；HB=200～250, R=-100；HB ＞ 250, R=+16).
Chen Bingchuan, Li Guangfu, Yang Wu research establishes and meets linear relationship between the lee ' hardness (HL) of austenitic stainless steel and yield strength (Rp0.2) and tensile strength (Rm), and its regression relation is: Rp0.2=3.38HL-941.16, coefficient R=0.981；Rm=2.06HL+116.01, coefficient R=0.938.
Linear relationship is met between Vickers hardness (HV) and yield strength (Rp0.2) and the tensile strength (Rm) of austenitic stainless steel, its regression relation is: Rp0.2=3.40HV-212.90, coefficient R=0.988, Rm=2.10HV+252.46, coefficient R=0.956.
By can be seen that above, because metal material kind is a lot, and material completed state is different or suffered condition of heat treatment is different, relation between its intensity and hardness is the most different, and existing material there are no the conversion between the intensity in terms of heat-resistant high alloy steel and hardness is studied, the conversion table that national standard provides also lacks this type of conversion.
Heat resisting steel application is quite varied, therefore, it is necessary to study the intensity of this high end materials with hardness relation.In this type of steel, alloying element kind is many, and alloying element total content is typically more than 10%.Such as, existing heat-resistant high alloy steel belongs to martensite heat-resistant steel from metallographic structure, and this material under the high temperature conditions, has non-oxidizability and enough elevated temperature strengths and the ferrous materials of good heat resistance.
High alloy martensite heat resisting steel cast product is used primarily in fired power generating unit supercritical, ultra supercritical steam turbine installation aspect.Mechanical property requirements under material room temperature: tensile strength (Rm) 630-750MPa, yield strength (Rp0.2) >=500MPa, elongation percentage >=15%, the contraction percentage of area >=40%, ballistic work >=30J；Additionally also has high-temperature and durable mechanical property requirements.
Summary of the invention
It is necessary to propose the appraisal procedure of a kind of heat-resistant high alloy steel tensile strength, the method is for the relation between simple and quick evaluation high alloy martensite heat resisting steel casting material intensity and hardness, so that casting strength can be assessed by being simply prone to detect the hardness result obtained in actual production, it is used for instructing actual production.The method is different from over the destructive detection method to tensile strength simultaneously, on the premise of the every ambient temperature mechanical properties and mechanical behavior under high temperature ensureing foundry goods meets production requirement, it is carried out hardness determination, and then obtains the tensile strength of foundry goods.
Heat-resistant high alloy steel involved by this patent belongs to martensite heat-resistant steel from metallographic structure, and this material under the high temperature conditions, has non-oxidizability and enough elevated temperature strengths and good thermostability.
The present invention utilizes the stretching of the attached casting test block on the heat-resistant high alloy steel foundry goods of on-the-spot batch production and Hardness results to carry out research regression analysis, sums up the type product appraisal procedure in the range of certain degree of hardness between hardness and tensile strength.
A kind of appraisal procedure of heat-resistant high alloy steel tensile strength, the method includes:
Obtain heat-resistant high alloy steel attached casting test block；
Obtain the cloth hardness determination value of heat-resistant high alloy steel attached casting test block；
Obtain the tensile strength values of heat-resistant high alloy steel attached casting test block according to cloth hardness determination value and computing formula Rm=3.57 HB-90.2, wherein, Rm is tensile strength values, and HB is cloth hardness number；
Utilize described tensile strength values to assess the tensile strength of heat-resistant high alloy steel attached casting test block.
By experiment, the tensile strength values using the method to obtain is detected, with using universal tensile testing machine, the tensile strength actual value comparison obtained, and use producing the checking in the middle of reality, it is fully achieved the purpose being evaluated casting strength value by simple hardness determination, such that it is able to be used for instructing the work such as actual production, engineer testing and client's performance witness.Improve the manufacturing level of large-scale heat resisting steel foundry goods, there is the strongest practicality.Of the same trade or similar section bar matter is manufactured industry and is had stronger reference by the technical program.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, embodiment will be briefly described below, apparently, embodiment in describing below is for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other embodiment according to these embodiments.
A kind of appraisal procedure of heat-resistant high alloy steel tensile strength, the method includes:
Step S100: obtain heat-resistant high alloy steel attached casting test block.Wherein, the present invention is detected as main with the foundry goods test block of production scene.Choose the attached casting test block on the foundry goods processed, test block size 250mm × 100mm × 70mm, all test blocks are required for testing staff's reference standard after processing, carry out outward appearance, size, shape, roughness etc. and check and detection, can carry out corresponding testing inspection after meeting the requirements.
Step S200: obtain the cloth hardness determination value of heat-resistant high alloy steel attached casting test block.Wherein, use desk-top ball hardness testing machine to detect above-mentioned attached casting test block, detect the hardness of 3 some positions and take its average cloth hardness determination value as attached casting test block.
Step S300: the cloth hardness determination value in S200 is substituted into formula Rm=3.57
HB-90.2, obtains the tensile strength values of heat-resistant high alloy steel attached casting test block, and described tensile strength values is for assessing the tensile strength of heat-resistant high alloy steel attached casting test block, and wherein, Rm is tensile strength values, and HB is cloth hardness number.
Step S400: utilize described tensile strength values to assess the tensile strength of heat-resistant high alloy steel attached casting test block.
Further, above-mentioned formula Rm=3.57 HB-90.2 is by being analyzed at least 50 group reference datas in actual production, then reject after be sure oing for abnormal data individually, remaining all of reference data all meets normal distribution, and correlation between tensile strength values and cloth hardness number, in typical linear relationship.
Then being fitted further returning to paired tensile strength actual value and cloth hardness actual value, obtaining under the confidence level of 95%, the relation between tensile strength values and cloth hardness number is: Rm=3.57 HB-90.2.
Wherein standard deviation S=10.9781, return coefficient of determination R-Sq=89.8%, and during general industry produces, R-Sq ＞ 50% just illustrates that this regression fit formula reliability is higher.
By the Rm value using above-mentioned formula to calculate is compared with using the actually detected tensile strength actual value obtained of universal tensile testing machine, obtain deviation within ± 12MPa, matching hardness range is between 230 ~ 270HB, mechanics behavior pattern actual with foundry goods is consistent substantially, illustrate these formula Rm=3.57 HB-
90.2 can be used to calculate the tensile strength values of foundry goods, and then by the tensile strength of this tensile strength values assessment foundry goods.
Wherein, the acquisition process of above-mentioned 50 groups of reference datas is: first use desk-top ball hardness testing machine to described attached three points of casting test block random detection, obtain three hardness values, take the average of described three hardness values as cloth hardness actual value, use again universal tensile testing machine in described attached casting test block sampling processing tensile sample carry out testing inspection and obtain tensile strength actual value, the tensile strength actual value of described attached casting test block that will record, cloth hardness actual value is as one group of reference data, at least 50 attached casting test blocks are tested by repeat the above steps, to obtain at least 50 paired group reference datas.
Further, results of property for making foundry goods that this appraisal procedure of employing detects is stable, data are reliable, casting composition need to be limited, Technology for Heating Processing and sample processing detection to foundry goods carry out strict Authority Contro1, to obtain real cloth hardness determination value, and then obtain real tensile strength values.
First, foundry goods is carried out chemical composition detection, the mass percent of chemical composition is C:0.12～0.14, Si:0.20～0.40, Mn:0.80～1.10, P≤0.020, S≤0.010, Cr:9.5～10.1, Mo:0.92～1.04, Ni:0.6～0.8, V:0.18～0.23, W:0.98～1.04, Nb:0.05～0.10, N:0.04～0.06, and remaining is Fe.
Secondly, the foundry goods meeting above-mentioned chemical composition content being carried out heat treatment, described heat treatment process is quenching, high tempering, and described quenching is for be heated to 1030～1050 DEG C of insulations by foundry goods, and cooling of coming out of the stove, rate of cooling is 4 ~ 20 DEG C/min；Foundry goods, for being cooled to temperature less than after 100 DEG C until foundry goods, is heated to 700 ~ 740 DEG C of insulations, after then slowly cooling to less than 200 DEG C with stove, air cooling of coming out of the stove with the speed less than 70 DEG C/h by described high tempering.
3rd, the foundry goods after above-mentioned heat treatment cuts off attached casting test block.
4th, sampling ball hardness testing machine carries out hardness determination to three points randomly selected in attached casting test block, obtains three hardness values, and the meansigma methods taking these three hardness values is the cloth hardness determination value of this attached casting test block.
5th, described cloth hardness determination value is substituted in the HB-90.2 of computing formula Rm=3.57, obtains the tensile strength values of heat-resistant high alloy steel attached casting test block.
Further, the temperature retention time during described quenching process and/or high tempering is to calculate according to the thickest of the type foundry goods, and computational methods are that foundry goods thickest × 1min～2min/mm calculates.The temperature retention time obtained after calculating, less than 3h, is calculated by 3h.The most also can guarantee that the attached casting test block on foundry goods and foundry goods thereof is incubated complete heat penetration, structural transformation is normal.
Such as, the type foundry goods thickest is 50mm, the attached casting test block after 50mm is cut off for hardness determination from the type foundry goods, then high tempering reaches insulation when 700 ~ 740 DEG C, temperature retention time is 1min～2min/mm × 50mm=50min～100min, because calculating temperature retention time less than 3h, so the actual 3h that presses of insulation herein operates, then quenching reaches insulation when 1030～1050 DEG C, temperature retention time is 1min～2min/mm × 50mm=50min～100min, because calculating temperature retention time is less than 3h, the actual 3h that presses of insulation herein operates.
Step in embodiment of the present invention method can carry out order according to actual needs and adjust, merges and delete.
Above disclosed only present pre-ferred embodiments, certainly the interest field of the present invention can not be limited with this, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of flow process realizing above-described embodiment, and according to the equivalent variations that the claims in the present invention are made, still fall within the scope that invention is contained.
Claims (5)
1. the appraisal procedure of a heat-resistant high alloy steel tensile strength, it is characterised in that the method includes:
Obtain heat-resistant high alloy steel attached casting test block；
Obtain the cloth hardness determination value of heat-resistant high alloy steel attached casting test block；
According to cloth hardness determination value and computing formula Rm=3.57
HB-90.2 obtains the tensile strength values of heat-resistant high alloy steel attached casting test block, and wherein, Rm is tensile strength values, and HB is cloth hardness number；
Utilize described tensile strength values to assess the tensile strength of heat-resistant high alloy steel attached casting test block.
2. the appraisal procedure of heat-resistant high alloy steel tensile strength as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the obtaining step of described cloth hardness determination value includes:
Foundry goods is carried out chemical composition detection, the mass percent of chemical composition is C:0.12～0.14, Si:0.20～0.40, Mn:0.80～1.10, P≤0.020, S≤0.010, Cr:9.5～10.1, Mo:0.92～1.04, Ni:0.6～0.8, V:0.18～0.23, W:0.98～1.04, Nb:0.05～0.10, N:0.04～0.06, and remaining is Fe；
The foundry goods meeting above-mentioned chemical composition content is carried out heat treatment, and described heat treatment process is quenching, high tempering, and described quenching is for be heated to 1030～1050 DEG C of insulations by foundry goods, and cooling of coming out of the stove, rate of cooling is 4 ~ 20 DEG C/min；Foundry goods, for being cooled to temperature less than after 100 DEG C until foundry goods, is heated to 700 ~ 740 DEG C of insulations, after then slowly cooling to less than 200 DEG C with stove, air cooling of coming out of the stove with the speed less than 70 DEG C/h by described high tempering；
Attached casting test block is cut off foundry goods after above-mentioned heat treatment；
Using ball hardness testing machine that three points randomly selected in attached casting test block are carried out hardness determination, obtain three hardness values, the meansigma methods taking these three hardness values is the cloth hardness determination value of this attached casting test block.
3. the appraisal procedure of heat-resistant high alloy steel tensile strength as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, temperature retention time in described quenching process is to calculate according to the thickest of the type foundry goods, computational methods are foundry goods thickest × 1min～2min/mm, the temperature retention time obtained after calculating, less than 3h, is calculated by 3h.
4. the appraisal procedure of heat-resistant high alloy steel tensile strength as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, temperature retention time during described high tempering is to calculate according to the thickest of the type foundry goods, computational methods are foundry goods thickest × 1min～2min/mm, the temperature retention time obtained after calculating, less than 3h, is calculated by 3h.
5. the appraisal procedure of heat-resistant high alloy steel tensile strength as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that computing formula Rm=3.57
HB-90.2 obtains in the following way:
First use desk-top ball hardness testing machine to described attached three points of casting test block random detection, obtain three hardness values, take the average of described three hardness values as cloth hardness actual value, use again universal tensile testing machine in described attached casting test block sampling processing tensile sample carry out testing inspection and obtain tensile strength actual value, using the tensile strength actual value of described attached casting test block recorded, cloth hardness actual value as one group of reference data, at least 50 attached casting test blocks are tested by repeat the above steps, to obtain at least 50 paired group reference datas；
By being analyzed above-mentioned at least 50 group reference datas, analysis result all meets normal distribution；
Correlation between tensile strength values and cloth hardness number, after typical linear relationship, it is fitted further returning to paired tensile strength actual value reference data and cloth hardness actual value reference data again, obtaining under the confidence level of 95%, the relation between tensile strength values and cloth hardness number is: Rm=3.57 HB-90.2.
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| CN114528670A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-05-24 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Method for detecting tensile strength of casting |
| CN114528670B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-19 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Method for detecting tensile strength of casting |
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