CN105973279B - The single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor of one kind and its manufacture craft - Google Patents
The single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor of one kind and its manufacture craft Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/268—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/36—Forming the light into pulses
- G01D5/38—Forming the light into pulses by diffraction gratings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor and its manufacture crafts, belong to fiber grating sensing technology field.Including long-period fiber grating section, fiber segment and tail end section, from left to right it is followed successively by long-period fiber grating section, fiber segment and tail end section, the surface of long-period fiber grating section is equipped with one layer of fiber grating section metal film, the surface of tail end section is equipped with one layer of tail end section metal film, the end face of tail end section is equipped with one layer of tail end section end plane metal film, fiber grating section is followed successively by fiber grating section fibre core and fiber grating section metal film from the inside to the outside, and fiber grating section metal film, tail end section metal film and tail end section end plane metal film are porpezite film.Single-ended reflective plated film long-period fiber grating sensor disclosed by the invention, with sonde-type structure, structure is simple, small in size, high sensitivity, and sensitive to external physical quantities such as temperature, refractive index, liquid levels, can be widely applied to the fields such as biology, chemistry, physics, building, medical treatment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fiber grating sensing technology fields, are related to a kind of reflective long-period fiber grating sensor, tool
Body is related to the single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor of one kind and its manufacture craft.
Background technique
Long-period fiber grating (LPFG) period is tens to several hundred microns, is the fibre core basic mode and cladding mode of symport
Between coupling, function is that the light wave for the specific wavelength that will be propagated in optical fiber is coupled in covering and loses, anti-without generating
It penetrates.Experiments have shown that the transmission characteristic of long-period fiber grating can change because of the variation of the factors such as extraneous stress, temperature, and compared with
The reaction of fiber bragg grating (FBG) is more sensitive, is a kind of ideal sensing element.Its wide range of applications,
Fibre Optical Sensor and optical-fibre communications field have a good application prospect.But be also just the transmissison characteristic due to LPFG, make its work
When for sensing element, reflective probe structure cannot function as, and demodulated equipment spectrometer is expensive, bulky, causes
There are many limitations when practical application.
" Acta Optica " has delivered " the plating metal long-period fiber grating strength of fluid based on double-humped resonance effect for 2011
Sensor ", author: Gu Zhengxian, Zhangjiang great waves, proposition based on double-humped resonance effect long-period fiber grating, be still transmission-type
Fiber-optic grating sensor is not easy to realize the sensing of sonde configuration；" photoelectric project " 07 phase in 2009 has delivered " metal coating
The single end face LPFG index sensor of SPR ", author: Zhao Minfu, Zhang Guiju, Ma Difeng；The reflective long period optical fiber proposed
Grating, disadvantage is that, 1) thin metal film of various different-thickness is plated on grating to excite described in the document
Surface plasma wave measures the refractive index of liquid with this metal-coated membrane fiber-optic grating sensor, and studies its reflection
The characteristic of resonance spectrum；In practical application, the factor for influencing the sensitivity characteristic of reflective long-period fiber grating sensor is more,
The document has only carried out research work from the angle of SPR effect, although providing reference for measurement refractive index, is intended to reach essence
True measurement performance also needs to consider a lot of other factors；2) document is measured using wideband light source and spectrometer, broadband
Light source and spectrometer are expensive, bulky, the higher cost in actually promoting the use of, inconvenient for use, and occupy more people
Power resource；3) sensor structure in the document is monolithic construction, since in use, end is easy to be touched by the external world
And damage, and monolithic construction can not flexibly replace sensing probe, it is not convenient enough to use；It is entire if tip damage simultaneously
Sensor degradation, increased costs；The grating sensor of another aspect monolithic construction, due to can not be with the light of other special natures
Fibre is used cooperatively, for example, non-zero dispersion fiber, optical fiber, ultra-low loss single mode optical fiber of micro-bend insensitive characteristic etc., can not meet
A variety of different demands, therefore application range is selectively small, so that it is limited to cause sensing arrangement to promote and apply.
Summary of the invention
1. technical problems to be solved by the inivention
For the problem that the monitoring of existing transmission-type long-period fiber grating is inconvenient, required expensive equipment is huge, the present invention is mentioned
A kind of single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor and its manufacture craft out.It can real-time monitoring, and to temperature, refraction
The external physical quantities such as rate, liquid level are sensitive, can be widely applied to the fields such as biology, chemistry, physics, building, medical treatment.
2. technical solution
To solve the above problems, technical solution provided by the invention are as follows:
One kind be based on single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor, including long-period fiber grating section, fiber segment and
Tail end section, is from left to right followed successively by long-period fiber grating section, fiber segment and tail end section, on the surface of long-period fiber grating section
Equipped with one layer of fiber grating section metal film, the surface of tail end section is equipped with one layer of tail end section metal film, sets on the end face of tail end section
There is one layer of tail end section end plane metal film.
After light energy due to being coupled to fibre cladding high-order mode reaches fiber end face reflection, it is coupled back by LPG
Sandwich layer is propagated, and is interfered with by the forward direction light wave of fibre core, and this self-interference effect is also particularly sensitive to external environment, this
Invention utilizes interference effect in long-period fiber grating, compares and is difficult to expect, if not being made into single-ended reflective structure,
Also self-interference effect can not occur, the two comprehensively considers, and needs to consider simultaneously to generate the coating film thickness of SPR effect and is produced from
The grating of interference effect is to distance, that is, chamber length of end face, therefore there are difficulty.SPR effect and interference are comprehensively considered
Effect after combining both, is used in sensor of the invention principle, with the prior art sensitivity characteristic of external environment
In compared using the sensor of long-period fiber grating of SPR effect merely, improve the sensitivity characteristic of sensor.
Preferably, the fiber grating section metal film, tail end section metal film and tail end section end plane metal film are porpezite
Film.Also other metal films (such as gold, silver) be can choose.Porpezite film has high reflectance, not oxidizable, easily viscous with optical fiber attachment
It closes.
Preferably, fiber grating section is followed successively by fiber grating section fibre core and fiber grating section metal film from the inside to the outside.
Preferably, tail end section is followed successively by tail end section fibre core and tail end section metal film from the inside to the outside, and there is tail in the end face of tail end section
Hold section end plane metal film.
Preferably, fiber grating section fibre core and fiber segment fibre core are whole fibre core, and single mode optical fiber is used in selection；Tail end section fibre core
It is also single mode optical fiber, because multimode fibre does not have same sensing characteristics, the sensing characteristics to guarantee sensor are good, therefore
Using single mode optical fiber.
Fiber grating section fibre core and fiber segment fibre core are that an entirety is cut off, and tail end section fibre core is other one section of optical fiber
It, can be micro-bend so as to avoid to micro-bend insensitive if tail end section fibre core selects micro-bend insensitive optical fiber in connection
Influence to reflectance spectrum；If tail end section fibre core selects the optical fiber of other special natures, such as bend insensitive fiber, ultra-low loss
Single mode optical fiber etc. can then play special effect, be conducive to the flexibility in manufacture craft in this way, and can satisfy practice and answer
Different demands in.
Preferably, fiber grating section metal film with a thickness of 50-100nm, tail end section metal film, tail end section end plane metal film
With a thickness of 700-1000nm or so.Fiber grating section metal film thickness selection it is thin, be in order to excite SPR effect, tail end section
The thickness of end plane metal film is thick, is to there is good reflecting effect.
Preferably, the length of the fiber grating section is 4-6cm, and the length of fiber segment is 1-2cm, and the length of tail end section is
1-6cm.The length of fiber grating section be it is fixed, the length of fiber segment is the length of tail end section in order to make and facilitate welding
Degree selection is to be conducive to reflect, and generate preferable interference effect, and guarantee most latter made probe size, if length is too
It is long, it will there is no self-interference effect.
A kind of manufacture craft based on single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor, the steps include:
A, one end of long-period fiber grating is cut flat with, forms long-period fiber grating section and fiber segment；
B, long-period fiber grating intersegmental part is fiber grating section fibre core, plates one layer of light in long-period fiber grating section surface
Fine grating section metal film, long-period fiber grating surface form plasma resonance effect；The thickness of fiber grating section metal film
For 50-100nm；
C, plain cylindrical form single mode optical fiber is chosen, plates one layer of tail end section end plane metal film in the end face of the single mode optical fiber, with
High reflectance mirror surface is formed, plates one layer of tail end section metal film on the surface of the single mode optical fiber, which is tail end section；Tail end
Section metal film and tail end section end plane metal film with a thickness of 700-1000nm；
D, by fiber segment and the welding of tail end section, a kind of single-ended reflective plated film long-period fiber grating sensing probe is constituted.
Preferably, the length of long-period fiber grating section is 4-6cm, and the length of fiber segment is 1-2cm, and tail end section fibre core is long
Spend 1-6cm.
Preferably, the Coating Materials of fiber grating section metal film, tail end section metal film and tail end section end plane metal film is
Porpezite.
Sensor of the invention applies single-ended reflection self-interference effect in metal-coated membrane LPG structure, comprehensively utilizes SPR
To the advantage of the sensitive response of extraneous ambient refractive index, constructing has highly sensitive single-ended reflective plating for effect and self-interference effect
Membrane structure long-period gratings (Single reflection Coating LPG, abbreviation SCLPG).
Of the invention has sonde-type structure based on single-ended reflective plated film long-period fiber grating sensor, compared to general
Logical transmission-type long-period fiber grating is compact-sized, and has higher sensing sensitivity, can real-time monitoring, and to temperature
The external physical quantities such as degree, refractive index, liquid level are sensitive, can be widely applied to the fields such as biology, chemistry, physics, building, medical treatment.
3. beneficial effect
(1) fiber grating section metal film of the invention, tail end section metal film and tail end section end plane metal film are porpezite film.
Also can choose other metal films (such as gold, silver), porpezite film has high reflectance, not oxidizable, easily with optical fiber adhesive bonding,
Coating process is simple, while also can be improved the reflection characteristic of sensor, and then improves the sensitivity of sensor；
(2) long-period fiber grating intersegmental part of the invention is fiber grating section fibre core, in long-period fiber grating segment table
One layer of fiber grating section metal film is plated in face, and long-period fiber grating surface forms plasma resonance effect, plasma resonance
Effect has very high sensitivity to surface environment, by this sensibility, to external environment (such as temperature of optical fiber position
Degree, humidity, liquid level etc.) it is monitored, to be applied to different fields, solve the problems, such as various；
(3) for the present invention by fiber segment fibre core and the fibre core welding of tail end section, what it is due to the selection of tail end section is that healthy and free from worry bending is unwise
Feel single mode optical fiber, after being fabricated to the sensing probe of sensor of the present invention, avoids the micro-bend influence to spectrum shape；
(4) present invention uses the sensing of reflective sonde configuration, so that sensor of the invention monitoring is convenient, it is only necessary to one
Platform fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, the equipment instrument is small, at low cost；
(5) of the invention that sonde-type structure is had based on single-ended reflective plated film long-period fiber grating sensor, it compares
It is compact-sized in common transmission-type long-period fiber grating, and there is higher sensing sensitivity, can real-time monitoring, and it is right
The external physical quantities such as temperature, refractive index, liquid level are sensitive, can be widely applied to the fields such as biology, chemistry, physics, building, medical treatment；
(6) sensor of the invention applies single-ended reflection self-interference effect in metal-coated membrane LPG structure, comprehensive utilization
To the advantage of the sensitive response of extraneous ambient refractive index, constructing has highly sensitive single-ended reflection for SPR effect and self-interference effect
Formula coating structure long-period gratings.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is sensor of the invention structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is using the experimental system figure of the invention based on single-ended reflection plated film long-period fiber grating sensor.
Figure label title:
1, long-period fiber grating section (LPG)；2, fiber segment；3, tail end section；4, fiber grating section fibre core；5, fiber segment is fine
Core；6, tail end section fibre core；7, fiber grating section metal film；8, tail end section metal film；9, tail end section end plane metal film；10, optical fiber
Grating demodulation instrument.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
In conjunction with Fig. 1-2, one kind being based on single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor, including long-period fiber grating section
1, fiber segment 2 and tail end section 3 are from left to right followed successively by long-period fiber grating section 1, fiber segment 2 and tail end section 3, fiber grating
The length of section 1 is 4-6cm, and the length of fiber segment 2 is 1-2cm, and the length of tail end section 3 is 1-6cm.
Fiber grating section 1 is followed successively by fiber grating section fibre core 4 and fiber grating section metal film 7, long period light from the inside to the outside
The surface of fine grating section 1 is equipped with one layer of fiber grating section metal film 7, and the surface of tail end section 3 is equipped with one layer of tail end section metal
The end face of film 8, tail end section 3 is equipped with one layer of tail end section end plane metal film 9, and tail end section 3 is followed successively by tail end section fibre core 6 from the inside to the outside
With tail end section metal film 8, the fibre core of fiber segment 2 is fiber segment fibre core 5, and fiber grating section fibre core 4 and fiber segment fibre core 5 are whole
Fibre core can be single mode optical fiber；Tail end section fibre core 6 can be single mode optical fiber.
There is tail end section end plane metal film 9 in the end face of tail end section 3.The fiber grating section metal film 7, tail end section metal film
8 and tail end section end plane metal film 9 be porpezite film.Also other metal films (such as gold, silver) be can choose.Porpezite film has high reflection
Rate, not oxidizable, easily with optical fiber adhesive bonding, coating process is simple, while also can be improved the reflection characteristic of sensor.Light
Fine grating section metal film 7 with a thickness of 50-100nm, tail end section metal film 8, tail end section end plane metal film 9 with a thickness of 700-
1000nm。
A kind of manufacture craft based on single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor, the steps include:
A, one end of long-period fiber grating is cut flat with, forms long-period fiber grating section 1 and fiber segment 2；
B, it is fiber grating section fibre core 4 inside long-period fiber grating section 1, plates one on 1 surface of long-period fiber grating section
Layer fiber grating section metal film 7, long-period fiber grating surface forms plasma resonance effect；Fiber grating section metal film 7
With a thickness of 50-100nm；
C, plain cylindrical form single mode optical fiber is chosen, plates one layer of tail end section end plane metal film 9 in the end face of the single mode optical fiber, with
High reflectance mirror surface is formed, plates one layer of tail end section metal film 8 on the surface of the single mode optical fiber, which is tail end section 3；Tail
Hold section metal film 8 and tail end section end plane metal film 9 with a thickness of 700-1000nm；Fiber grating section metal film 7, tail end section metal
The Coating Materials of film 8 and tail end section end plane metal film 9 is porpezite；
D, by fiber segment 2 and 3 welding of tail end section, a kind of single-ended reflective plated film long-period fiber grating sensing spy is constituted
Head.The length of long-period fiber grating section 1 is 4-6cm, and the length of fiber segment 2 is 1-2cm, 3 core length 1-6cm of tail end section.
Sensor of the invention applies single-ended reflection self-interference effect in metal-coated membrane LPG structure, comprehensively utilizes SPR
To the advantage of the sensitive response of extraneous ambient refractive index, constructing has highly sensitive single-ended reflective plating for effect and self-interference effect
Membrane structure long-period gratings (Single reflection Coating LPG, abbreviation SCLPG).
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is similar to Example 1, wherein the length of the fiber grating section 1 of sensor is 4cm, the length of fiber segment 2
Degree is 1cm, and the length of tail end section 3 is 1cm.Fiber grating section metal film 7 with a thickness of 50nm, tail end section metal film 8, tail end section
End plane metal film 9 with a thickness of 700nm.
A kind of manufacture craft based on single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor, the steps include:
A, one end of long-period fiber grating is cut flat with, forms long-period fiber grating section 1 and fiber segment 2；
B, it is fiber grating section fibre core 4 inside long-period fiber grating section 1, plates one on 1 surface of long-period fiber grating section
Layer fiber grating section metal film 7, long-period fiber grating surface forms plasma resonance effect；Fiber grating section metal film 7
With a thickness of 50nm；
C, plain cylindrical form single mode optical fiber is chosen, plates one layer of tail end section end plane metal film 9 in the end face of the single mode optical fiber, with
High reflectance mirror surface is formed, plates one layer of tail end section metal film 8 on the surface of the single mode optical fiber, which is tail end section 3；Tail
Hold section metal film 8 and tail end section end plane metal film 9 with a thickness of 700nm；Fiber grating section metal film 7,8 and of tail end section metal film
The Coating Materials of tail end section end plane metal film 9 is porpezite；
D, by fiber segment 2 and 3 welding of tail end section, a kind of single-ended reflective plated film long-period fiber grating sensing spy is constituted
Head.The length of long-period fiber grating section 1 is 4cm, and the length of fiber segment 2 is 1cm, 3 core length 1cm of tail end section.
Of the invention has sonde-type structure based on single-ended reflective plated film long-period fiber grating sensor, compared to general
Logical transmission-type long-period fiber grating is compact-sized, and has higher sensing sensitivity, can real-time monitoring, and to temperature
The external physical quantities such as degree, refractive index, liquid level are sensitive, can be widely applied to the fields such as biology, chemistry, physics, building, medical treatment.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is similar to Example 1, wherein the length of the fiber grating section 1 of sensor is 6cm, the length of fiber segment 2
Degree is 2cm, and the length of tail end section 3 is 6cm.Fiber grating section metal film 7 with a thickness of 100nm, tail end section metal film 8, tail end
Section end plane metal film 9 with a thickness of 1000nm.
A kind of manufacture craft based on single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor, the steps include:
A, one end of long-period fiber grating is cut flat with, forms long-period fiber grating section 1 and fiber segment 2；
B, it is fiber grating section fibre core 4 inside long-period fiber grating section 1, plates one on 1 surface of long-period fiber grating section
Layer fiber grating section metal film 7, long-period fiber grating surface forms plasma resonance effect；Fiber grating section metal film 7
With a thickness of 100nm；
C, plain cylindrical form single mode optical fiber is chosen, plates one layer of tail end section end plane metal film 9 in the end face of the single mode optical fiber, with
High reflectance mirror surface is formed, plates one layer of tail end section metal film 8 on the surface of the single mode optical fiber, which is tail end section 3；Tail
Hold section metal film 8 and tail end section end plane metal film 9 with a thickness of 1000nm；Fiber grating section metal film 7, tail end section metal film 8
Coating Materials with tail end section end plane metal film 9 is porpezite；
D, by fiber segment 2 and 3 welding of tail end section, a kind of single-ended reflective plated film long-period fiber grating sensing spy is constituted
Head.The length of long-period fiber grating section 1 is 6cm, and the length of fiber segment 2 is 2cm, 3 core length 6cm of tail end section.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is similar to Example 1, wherein except that the length of the fiber grating section 1 of sensor be 5cm,
The length of fiber segment 2 is 1.5cm, and the length of tail end section 3 is 4cm.Fiber grating section metal film 7 with a thickness of 80nm, tail end section
Metal film 8, tail end section end plane metal film 9 with a thickness of 800nm.
A kind of manufacture craft based on single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor, the steps include:
A, one end of long-period fiber grating is cut flat with using cutter, forms long-period fiber grating section 1 and fiber segment
2；
B, it is fiber grating section fibre core 4 inside long-period fiber grating section 1, plates one on 1 surface of long-period fiber grating section
Layer fiber grating section metal film 7, long-period fiber grating surface forms plasma resonance effect；Fiber grating section metal film 7
With a thickness of 80nm；
C, plain cylindrical form single mode optical fiber is chosen, plates one layer of tail end section end plane metal film 9 in the end face of the single mode optical fiber, with
High reflectance mirror surface is formed, plates one layer of tail end section metal film 8 on the surface of the single mode optical fiber, which is tail end section 3；Tail
Hold section metal film 8 and tail end section end plane metal film 9 with a thickness of 800nm；Fiber grating section metal film 7,8 and of tail end section metal film
The Coating Materials of tail end section end plane metal film 9 is porpezite；
D, by fiber segment 2 and 3 welding of tail end section, a kind of single-ended reflective plated film long-period fiber grating sensing spy is constituted
Head.The length of long-period fiber grating section 1 is 5cm, and the length of fiber segment 2 is 1.5cm, 3 core length 4cm of tail end section.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is suitable for embodiment 1-4, and one end of long-period fiber grating is cut flat with using cutter, forms long period
Fiber grating section 1 and fiber segment 2 plate fiber grating section metal film 7, at this time in fiber grating table in long-period fiber grating 1
Face forms plasma resonance effect, and surface plasma body resonant vibration (surface plasma resonance, SPR) effect is to table
Face ring border has very high sensitivity, when plating one layer of sufficiently thin metal film on LPG covering, between metal film and medium interface
There is SPR effect.Meanwhile highly reflecting films are plated in LPG terminal, transmission-type LPG is constituted into reflective probe structure, then is coupled to light
The light energy of fine covering high-order mode reaches fiber end face, is coupled back into sandwich layer by LPG after reflection and propagates, and passes through fibre core
Forward direction light wave interferes, and this self-interference effect is particularly sensitive to external environment, and by this sensibility, to optical fiber, institute is in place
The external environment (such as temperature, humidity, liquid level etc.) set is monitored, and to be applied to different fields, solves various ask
Topic.
It chooses plain cylindrical form single mode optical fiber (can be other type single mode optical fibers), the end face plating of tail end section fibre core 6
The tail end section end plane metal film 9 of 700nm-1000nm thickness, to form high reflectance mirror surface.Again by fiber segment fibre core 5 and tail end section
6 welding of fibre core, what it is due to the selection of tail end section 3 is healthy and free from worry bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber, is fabricated to sensor of the present invention
Sensing probe after, avoid it is micro-bend to spectrum shape influence.The present invention uses the sensing of reflective sonde configuration, so that of the invention
Sensor monitor it is convenient, it is only necessary to a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 11, the equipment instrument is small, at low cost.
Ion sputtering film coating can be used in fiber grating section metal film 7, tail end section metal film 8 and tail end section end plane metal film 9
Method production, Coating Materials is porpezite, select porpezite the reason of be due to it with high reflectance, not oxidizable, Yi Yuyu light
Fine adhesive bonding, the effect of metal film 7 are to can be used as substrate when there is light source and form surface plasma bulk effect, tail end Duan Duan
Face metal film 9 is used as full wave end mirror, and the end face reflection rate after plated film is up to 75%, with a thickness of 700nm-
1000nm.Long-period fiber grating section 1 arrives the distance between tail end section end plane metal film 9, forms self-interference effect, thus structure
At highly sensitive single-ended reflective plated film long-period fiber grating sensor.
Fig. 2 is the experimental system figure using sensor of the invention, is issued by 10 channel interior of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator
Light after sensor of the invention, be reflected back toward fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 10 and show spectrum.The present invention does not need to use
Wideband light source and spectrometer measure, to save cost, convenient for promoting the use of in practice, and not occupy more people
Power.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment is similar to Example 1, wherein except that tail end section 3 use micro-bend insensitive optical fiber, thus
It can be avoided the influence of vibration.It also is exactly the structure of 3 split of this fiber segment 2 and tail end section of the invention, so that tail
End section 3 can select the optical fiber with some special natures, and in use, and end is easy to be touched and damaged by the external world,
And segmentation structure is easily changed end construction, to meet different demands.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment is similar to Example 6, wherein tail end section 3 uses non-zero dispersion except that different according to demand
Optical fiber, so that dispersion is zero, the wavelength of zero dispersion point is 1.54-1.565nm, long-period fiber grating section 1, fiber segment 2
With this distributed structure of tail end section 3 so that the optional range of the wavelength of long-period fiber grating section 1 is big.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment is similar to Example 6, wherein tail end section 3 uses ultra-low loss except that different according to demand
Single mode optical fiber.
Embodiment 8
The present embodiment is discussed to the principle of embodiment 1-7, single-ended reflection long-period fiber grating probe (Single
Coating Long-period-fiber grating, SCLPG) sensing principle:
The Mode Coupling of LPFG belongs to the coupling between fibre core basic mode LP01 and the single order cladding mode LP0m of symport.By
Coupled mode theory is it is found that the phase-matching condition of long-period fiber grating can be indicated by formula:
The respectively effective refractive index of fiber core and the m times cladding mode.The effective refractive index of fibre core basic modeBy fiber core refractive index n1With cladding index n2It determines, and the effective refractive index of cladding mode and n1, n2While related, also with
Ambient refractive index nsurIt is related, the variation of covering Effective index will be caused when ambient refractive index changes, and then cause resonance wave
Long λLDrift.Therefore, the resonance wavelength of LPFG is particularly sensitive to the variation of extraneous ambient refractive index, fixed to a period
LPFG has:
Meanwhile with ambient refractive index nsurVariation, LPFG is in resonance wavelengthLThe transmissivity T at place also accordingly becomes
Change:
T=sin2(kL)
Wherein:For the coefficient of coup between fibre core basic mode and cladding mode, L is grating length.
I is that basic mode and cladding mode intersect integral in core region.Wherein: Ecore, EcladRespectively fibre core basic mode and covering
The electric field magnitude of mould, DncoFor the modulation rate of fibre core, a is fiber core radius.
It can be seen that covering Effective index will be caused when LPFG is changed by extraneous refractive index's
Variation, thus makes resonance wavelengthLIt drifts about, meanwhile,Variation also change integral I value, so as to cause coefficient of coup k's
Variation, so that resonance wavelengthLCorresponding transmissivity changes, i.e. the entire transmission spectrum of LPFG changes.
Generally at 100 μm or more, it is based on meeting phase-matching condition in optical fiber the screen periods of long-period fiber grating
Mode in the same direction between resonance coupling, be by coupling between the guided mode of fl transmission and other forward direction guided modes or forward radiation mould
It closes, certain frequency band in light wave is lost optically coupling to going in covering, therefore without retroreflection.And works as and plated in grating end face
After the high metal film of reflectivity, the original transmitted light by LPFG will form single-ended reflection long period optical fiber in end face reflection
Raster probe.And experiments verify that equally having temperature, refractive index sensing characteristic.
Ambient refractive index be less than covering modal refractive index 1.458 or so when, resonance wavelength with ambient refractive index increase
It is deviated to shortwave direction, when close to cladding index, offset significantly becomes larger, and the sensibility of LPFG refractive index increases at this time
Add；When ambient refractive index increases to equal to cladding index, at this time it is believed that cladding radius is infinitely great, coupling peak all disappears
It loses；And when ambient refractive index continues to increase to above cladding index, resonance wavelength occurs in initial position again, and with
Refractive index continues growing, and resonance peak position is almost unchanged, but stiffness of coupling reduces at this time, and transmissivity increases, resonance peak depth
It shoals.By experiment it is found that when steel bar corrosion is more serious, rust water refractive index is 1.3536, still less than the refractive index of cladding mode
1.458, that is, being still within can monitoring range.
Schematically the present invention and embodiments thereof are described above, description is not limiting, institute in attached drawing
What is shown is also one of embodiments of the present invention, and actual structure is not limited to this.So if the common skill of this field
Art personnel are enlightened by it, without departing from the spirit of the invention, are not inventively designed and the technical solution
Similar frame mode and embodiment, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is based on single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor, including long-period fiber grating section (1), fiber segment
(2) and tail end section (3), which is characterized in that be from left to right followed successively by long-period fiber grating section (1), fiber segment (2) and tail end section
(3), fiber grating section (1) is followed successively by fiber grating section fibre core (4) and fiber grating section metal film (7), long period from the inside to the outside
One layer of fiber grating section metal film (7) is set on the surface of fiber grating section (1), tail end section (3) is followed successively by tail end section from the inside to the outside
Fibre core (6) and tail end section metal film (8) set one layer of tail end section metal film (8), the end of tail end section (3) on the surface of tail end section (3)
One layer of tail end section end plane metal film (9) is set on face；Fiber grating section fibre core (4) and fiber segment fibre core (5) are whole fibre core, selection
Use single mode optical fiber；Tail end section fibre core (6) is also single mode optical fiber.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of based on single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor, which is characterized in that institute
Fiber grating section metal film (7), tail end section metal film (8) and the tail end section end plane metal film (9) stated are porpezite film.
3. according to claim 2 a kind of based on single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor, which is characterized in that light
Fine grating section metal film (7) with a thickness of 50-100nm, tail end section metal film (8), the thickness of tail end section end plane metal film (9) are equal
For 700-1000nm.
4. according to claim 3 a kind of based on single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor, which is characterized in that institute
The length for stating fiber grating section (1) is 4-6cm, and the length of fiber segment (2) is 1-2cm, and the length of tail end section (3) is 1-6cm.
5. a kind of manufacture craft based on single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor, it is characterised in that:
A, one end of long-period fiber grating is cut flat with, forms long-period fiber grating section (1) and fiber segment (2)；
B, it is fiber grating section fibre core (4) that long-period fiber grating section (1) is internal, is plated on long-period fiber grating section (1) surface
One layer of fiber grating section metal film (7), long-period fiber grating surface form plasma resonance effect；
C, plain cylindrical form single mode optical fiber is chosen, one layer of tail end section end plane metal film (9) is plated in the end face of the single mode optical fiber, with shape
At high reflectance mirror surface, one layer of tail end section metal film (8) is plated on the surface of the single mode optical fiber, which is tail end section (3)；
D, by fiber segment (2) and tail end section (3) welding, a kind of single-ended reflective plated film long-period fiber grating sensing spy is constituted
Head.
6. a kind of manufacture craft based on single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that, the length of long-period fiber grating section (1) is 4-6cm, and the length of fiber segment (2) is 1-2cm, and tail end section (3) is fine
Core length 1-6cm.
7. a kind of manufacture craft based on single-ended reflective long-period fiber grating sensor according to claim 6,
It is characterized in that, the Coating Materials of fiber grating section metal film (7), tail end section metal film (8) and tail end section end plane metal film (9) is equal
For porpezite.
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| CN106932026B (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2019-08-30 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor, measuring device and its method |
| CN109580984A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-05 | 浙江工业大学 | Air velocity transducer based on long-period fiber grating |
| CN111678539B (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2024-02-13 | 新加坡国立大学 | Fiber bragg grating sensor for surgical instruments |
| CN110207849B (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2020-11-06 | 浙江科技学院 | Temperature sensor based on reflective long-period fiber grating and measuring method |
| CN114777836B (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-12-05 | 吉林大学 | Optical fiber high-temperature stress sensor based on yttrium aluminum garnet crystal derived optical fiber and preparation method thereof |
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