CN105969476A - 城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法 - Google Patents
城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法，用于将生活垃圾加工成具有几何体形状的燃料煤。它包括以下步骤：(1)将垃圾进行粗粉碎处理，分选出有机物；(2)将经过步骤(1)处理得到的有机物进行再次粉碎，直至得到易干燥、成型的颗粒；(3)将经过步骤(2)处理后得到的颗粒送入干燥机中进行烘干处理；(4)将经过步骤(3)处理后的颗粒磨成粉状垃圾；(5)将步骤(4)得到的粉状垃圾与粘结剂、防腐剂、工业废渣以及水放在一起进行混合搅拌；(6)将经过步骤(5)处理后的垃圾送入成型机中，经成型机得到确定形状的垃圾煤。本发明可对垃圾进行无公害处理，得到垃圾煤，再次利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及垃圾处理技术领域，具体地说是一种城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法。
背景技术
目前，国内城市生活垃圾处理的方法大体分为以下三种方式，卫生填埋技术、焚烧技术和高温堆肥技术。卫生填埋技术：就是选择合适的场所，把垃圾用土层覆盖的方法，它采用底层防渗漏，将垃圾分层压实填埋，可以有效的隔离污染物，从而起到保护环境的目的，其优点是工艺简单，成本低，有效处理多种类型的固体废物，缺点是选址难，地下防渗漏工程比较难。焚烧技术：是以过量的空气与被处理的城市生活垃圾，在焚烧炉内进行氧化燃烧反应，垃圾中的有毒、有害物质在高温下氧化、热解、燃烧而被破坏，同时可以获得一部分能源被利用，达到了垃圾的减量化，垃圾体积可以减少90％以上。高温堆肥技术：采用静态发酵工艺，堆肥过程是微生物对生活垃圾中的有机物降解的过程。如果能将垃圾制作成燃料燃烧，这对于垃圾的回收再利用和避免资源的浪费是相当重要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法，用于将生活垃圾加工成具有几何体形状的燃料煤。
本发明解决其技术问题所采取的技术方案是：城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法，其特征是，它包括以下步骤：
(1)将垃圾进行粗粉碎处理，然后将垃圾中的有机物分选出来；
(2)将经过步骤(1)处理得到的有机物进行再次粉碎，直至得到易干燥、成型的颗粒；
(3)将经过步骤(2)处理后得到的颗粒送入干燥机中进行烘干处理；
(4)将经过步骤(3)处理后的颗粒磨成粉状垃圾，对粉状垃圾的含水量进行水分测量；
(5)将步骤(4)得到的粉状垃圾与粘结剂、防腐剂、工业废渣以及水放在一起进行混合搅拌；
(6)将经过步骤(5)处理后的垃圾送入成型机中，经成型机得到确定形状的垃圾煤。
进一步地，将垃圾送入料斗中，料斗中的垃圾经皮带输送机送到粗粉碎机中。
进一步地，经过粗粉碎处理后的垃圾送入分选机设备中进行分选，分选机设备由风选机、磁选机和重力分选机构成。
进一步地，粗粉碎机中经过粗粉碎的垃圾经皮带输送机到达分选机中。
进一步地，分选机包括风选机、磁选机和重力分选机。
进一步地，垃圾颗粒经皮带输送机进入干燥机中。
进一步地，将分选得到的有机物粉碎成3-5cm的颗粒。
进一步地，在干燥机中垃圾干燥后释放出的臭气排入干燥机的燃烧室中进行高温脱臭处理。
进一步地，进行混合搅拌时，垃圾占比为37％，煤泥占比为20％，煤矸石占比为20％，粘结剂的占比为5％，氢氧化钙的占比为10％，防腐剂的占比为2％，当粉状垃圾的水分含量为3％时，加入的水的占比为6％，当粉状垃圾的水分含量为5％时，加入的水的占比为4％。
进一步地，烘干时的温度为130-350摄氏度。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的优点：(1)一次性投入土地永久使用， 节约大量土地。(2)没有二次污染，对空气、地下水资源及周边环境起到一定保护。(3)本发明是再生能源，可以替代煤炭，是永久性资源，是城市里的煤矿。(4)本发明是人工合成燃料，具备煤炭的性质但优于自然资源煤炭的燃烧性能，在产品中添加氧化钙，产品在燃烧过程中烟气排放有效得到控制，减少二氧化碳、氮氧化物的排放。(5)投资小、运行成本低、经济效益高。本发明的加工方法得到的垃圾煤具有形体均匀，透气性好、密度大，燃烧效率高，易储存和运输，适应各种气候储存，防潮，防水，不易腐败，无臭味、适用性强(工业、民用、发电、采暖)均可使用，冷强度高不易粉碎、燃烧稳定、热值高、地下填埋储存不丢热值、土地可以复耕、节约大量土地资源等优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明的系统图；
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述。
城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法，它包括以下步骤：
(1)将垃圾送入料斗中，料斗中的垃圾经皮带输送机送到粗粉碎机中，在粗粉碎机中进行粗粉碎处理，然后将经过粗粉碎处理后的垃圾送入分选机设备中进行分选；粗粉碎机中经过粗粉碎的垃圾经皮带输送机到达分选机中；
(2)在分选设备中进行风选、磁选和重力分选后，将有机物、无机物和金属分离；分选机包括风选机、磁选机和重力分选机；
(3)将经过步骤(2)处理得到的有机物进行再次粉碎，直至得到易干燥、成型的3-5cm的颗粒；
(4)将经过步骤(3)处理后得到的颗粒送入干燥机中进行烘干处理，烘干时的温度为130-350摄氏度；垃圾颗粒经皮带输送机进入干燥机中；在干燥机中垃圾干燥后释放出的臭气排入干燥机的燃烧室中进行高温脱臭处 理；
(5)将经过步骤(4)处理后的颗粒磨成粉状垃圾，对粉状垃圾的含水量进行水分测量；
(6)将步骤(5)得到的粉状垃圾与粘结剂、防腐剂、工业废渣以及水放在一起进行混合搅拌；当粉状垃圾的水分含量为3％时，垃圾占比为37％，煤泥占比为20％，煤矸石占比为20％，粘结剂的占比为5％，氢氧化钙的占比为10％，加入的水的占比为6％，防腐剂的占比为2％；
当粉状垃圾的水分含量为5％时，垃圾占比为37％，煤泥占比为20％，煤矸石占比为20％，粘结剂的占比为5％，氢氧化钙的占比为10％，加入的水的占比为4％，防腐剂的占比为2％；
(7)将经过步骤(6)处理后的垃圾送入成型机中，经成型机得到确定形状的垃圾煤。
Claims (10)
1.城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法，其特征是，它包括以下步骤：
（1）将垃圾进行粗粉碎处理，然后将垃圾中的有机物分选出来；
（2）将经过步骤（1）处理得到的有机物进行再次粉碎，直至得到易干燥、成型的颗粒；
（3）将经过步骤（2）处理后得到的颗粒送入干燥机中进行烘干处理；
（4）将经过步骤（3）处理后的颗粒磨成粉状垃圾；
（5）将步骤（4）得到的粉状垃圾与粘结剂、防腐剂、工业废渣以及水放在一起进行混合搅拌；
（6）将经过步骤（5）处理后的垃圾送入成型机中，经成型机得到确定形状的垃圾煤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法，其特征是，将垃圾送入料斗中，料斗中的垃圾经皮带输送机送到粗粉碎机中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法，其特征是，经过粗粉碎处理后的垃圾送入分选机设备中进行分选，分选机设备由风选机、磁选机和重力分选机构成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法，其特征是，粗粉碎机中经过粗粉碎的垃圾经皮带输送机到达分选机中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法，其特征是，分选机包括风选机、磁选机和重力分选机。
6.根据权利要求1所述的城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法，其特征是，垃圾颗粒经皮带输送机进入干燥机中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法，其特征是，将分选得到的有机物粉碎成3-5cm的颗粒。
8.根据权利要求1所述的城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法，其特征是，在干燥机中垃圾干燥后释放出的臭气排入干燥机的燃烧室中进行高温脱臭处理。
9.根据权利要求1所述的城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法，其特征是，进行混合搅拌时，垃圾占比为37%，煤泥占比为20% ，煤矸石占比为20% ，粘结剂的占比为5% ，氢氧化钙的占比为10%，水的占比为6%，防腐剂的占比为2%。
10.根据权利要求1所述的城市生活垃圾几何体燃料煤的加工方法，其特征是，烘干时的温度为130-350摄氏度。
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