CN105960879A - Restoration method for seriously deteriorated grassland of subalpine in western Sichuan - Google Patents
Restoration method for seriously deteriorated grassland of subalpine in western Sichuan Download PDFInfo
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- CN105960879A CN105960879A CN201610328160.8A CN201610328160A CN105960879A CN 105960879 A CN105960879 A CN 105960879A CN 201610328160 A CN201610328160 A CN 201610328160A CN 105960879 A CN105960879 A CN 105960879A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004079 fireproofing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015892 Leymus arenarius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000292693 Poa annua Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000000389 Leymus arenarius Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 244000025672 Elymus canadensis Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001522995 Deschampsia cespitosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000046038 Ehretia acuminata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009300 Ehretia acuminata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000570445 Elymus nutans Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000511977 Elymus sibiricus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000234642 Festuca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010035148 Plague Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000308495 Potentilla anserina Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016594 Potentilla anserina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035929 gnawing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a restoration method for a seriously deteriorated grassland of a subalpine mountain in western Sichuan. The restoration method includes the steps that in the period of soil freezing, the range of the grassland needing to be restored is determined; the determined restoration range is divided into first blocks and second blocks with meshes, and the second blocks are regions for planned fire utilization; a fireproof strip is cut on the boundary of each second block, and a fireproofing facility is installed on the fireproof strip; the lower point of a slope is ignited so that dry grass in the second blocks can be burned naturally; after planned fire utilization is implemented, cow dung mixed with grass seeds is spread on the surface of the burning regions; after first rain in the regions, the fireproofing facilities are disassembled. While biodiversity of the grassland is ensured, productivity on the ground part of the whole grassland ecological system is restored, and more biological resources are provided for the summer grassland and winter grassland in the regions. Normal grazing utilization is carried out according to a grass and livestock balance system, the whole restoration cycle is short, it can be effectively avoided that soil conditions tend to deteriorate, and the restoration method has a positive effect on preventing land desertization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Practaculture Science and Fire ecology field, relate to the restorative procedure on meadow, be specifically related to heavy-degraded
The restorative procedure on meadow.
Background technology
Northwestern Sichuan grassland is one of China five big pastoral areas, and its Subalpine region area grassland area is maximum, and is distributed in mound more
Edge, broad valley district, mountain region, mountain region replat.Owing to by the trampleing on for a long time of puna characteristic and domestic animal, gnawing and affected, grass in region
Pasture vegetation height less than 60cm, belongs to bottom grass meadow mostly.Steppe Plants kind composition is various, grows densely, and coverage is high；Ground
Upper main vegetation can be divided into two-layer, and upper strata is based on dogstail, and lower floor is dried tuber and weeds, sociales be Roegneria nutans, Deschampsia caespitosa,
Elymus nutans, Tetraogllus himalayensis, the high grass in river, Potentilla anserina.During long-term overgrazing, high quality forage than poisonous weeds and
Weeds are more coerced so that poisonous weeds and the weeds proportion in grassland increases year by year, and then causes Grassland Quality significantly
Degree reduces, and the progressively deterioration of edaphic condition in addition, meadow, subregion shows heavy-degraded trend.
Occurring in that a kind of heavy-degraded Subalpine region Pingba grassy marshland recovery technology in prior art, the method is first to degeneration
Grassy marshland carries out Closed fencing, and the time of Closed fencing is at least 5 years, during Closed fencing in closure against grazing；At Herbage Turning Green
After, after-culture grass seeds apply fertilizer in the grassy marshland degenerated, in the grassy marshland degenerated, sow siberian wildrye, lyme grass, annual bluegrass, purple
Fescue grass etc..
In realizing process of the present invention, inventor finds that in prior art, at least there are the following problems:
1, existing method employs substantial amounts of fertilizer, medicine, adds the expense that transport produces, considerably increases rehabilitation cost；
2, existing method is mainly for meadow, Pingba district, if under mountain topography, and particularly subalpine in western Sichuan area, inconvenience
Control in manual operation and large area or repair degeneration meadow；
3, existing method does not accounts for long-term fertilization yet and uses herbicide to regional soil physicochemical property pole bio-diversity
The potential threat caused.
Summary of the invention
In consideration of it, present invention aim at providing a kind of there is the heavy for repairing subalpine in western Sichuan meadow of ecological security
Spending the new technique on degeneration meadow, the method can be protected bio-diversity and prevent soil degradation, and operation is simple.
Inventor is by long-term exploration and trial, and experiment repeatedly and effort, constantly reforms and innovates, for solving
Above technical problem, the technical scheme that the present invention provides is to provide the restorative procedure on a kind of subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow,
Comprise the following steps:
Step 1) determines repair coverage: during frozen soil, is determined the meadow scope that need to repair；
Step 2) determine plan flame range territory: it is the first block and the second block by fixed repair coverage stress and strain model,
Second block is plan flame range territory, and when the second block is multiple, the second block and the second block interval are arranged；
Step 3) preparedness plan fire: cradle out fire guard on each second block inner boundary, and install anti-on fire guard
Fire facility；
Step 4) implementation plan fire: after carrying out fire prevention measure, selects calm weather, and in bottom, slope, point is lighted a fire, and allows second
Radix Glycyrrhizae in block is burnt naturally；
Ferti-seeding after step 5) fire: after implementation plan was with fiery one week, will be sown in baked wheaten cake region table with the cattle manure of grass seeds
Layer；
Step 6) removes flame screen: after this region rainfall, removes facility of setting fire.
One detailed description of the invention of the restorative procedure according to subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow of the present invention, described step
3), in, the width of fire guard is at more than 0.8m.
One detailed description of the invention of the restorative procedure according to subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow of the present invention, described step
3), in, fireproofing installation is fire wall.
One detailed description of the invention of the restorative procedure according to subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow of the present invention, described fire prevention
Wall uses flameproof fabric to make, and described flameproof fabric heat resistance is more than 1000 DEG C.
One detailed description of the invention of the restorative procedure according to subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow of the present invention, described fire prevention
Wall more than height 1.8m；Or in described step 4), control in the second block the height of Radix Glycyrrhizae at below 0.4m.
One detailed description of the invention of the restorative procedure according to subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow of the present invention, described step
5), in, grass seeds is the high quality forage kind that native country selects.
One detailed description of the invention of the restorative procedure according to subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow of the present invention, described grass seeds
For lyme grass or/and annual bluegrass seed.
One detailed description of the invention of the restorative procedure according to subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow of the present invention, described cattle manure
And grass seeds uses according to following standard: every 0.25hm2Treatment region uses dry cattle manure 80-120kg, and grass seed mix 4-6kg.
One detailed description of the invention of the restorative procedure according to subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow of the present invention, described step
2) implementing in early Febuary, step 3) is implemented at early March.
One detailed description of the invention of the restorative procedure according to subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow of the present invention, same process
Step 2 is repeated in region every year) to step 6) once, repeat 3-5.
Compared with prior art, a technical scheme in technique scheme has the advantage that
A) while ensureing Biodiversity of grassland, the aerial parts productivity of whole Grassland ecosystems is recovered, for region
Summer grassland and winter grassland provide more living resources.It is suitable in the popularization and application of Practaculture Science field.According to Forage-Livestock Balance system
Degree carries out normal grazing utilization, and the whole recovery cycle is shorter, can be prevented effectively from edaphic condition and aggravate, husky to preventing soil
Desertization has the most positive effect.
B) compared with prior art, zonule of the present invention combination type plan fire can not only effectively protection zone biology many
Sample, prevent land deterioration, it is to avoid the potential threat of herbicide, moreover it is possible to the disease and pest control also plague of rats.
C) interpolation of cattle manure can avoid fertilising excessively and the risk of the potential degeneration of soil.
D) arrangement of 3-4 monthly plan fire with reasonably utilizing regional soil to freeze on the time, temperature low, earth's surface is easy
The feature that combustion thing is stable, controls the intensity of fire.
E) use of fire prevention isolation cloth not only prevent spreading of fire, prevents the diffusion of ash.
F) the repeatable utilization of instrument such as flameproof fabric, has saved cost.
For upgrading area region soil environment, recovering the heavy-degraded grassland vegetation productivity and provide Grass Quality, inventor adopts
Take the multiple process such as fertilising, destruction turf, directly sowing and plan fire the meadow of heavy-degraded is recovered, find utilization
The recovery effects that the mode of plan fire+reseed+fertilizer is reached is optimal, has preferable protective effect to meadow, will not
It is caused to degenerate further.For controlling fiery action intensity and protection zone bio-diversity resources further well, inventor sieves
Have selected optimal process time and processing method.Relatively there is the method more system, comprehensively of existing recovered grassland, and there are other
More positive effect, such as control in rodent pests etc..
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the technical scheme of embodiment of the present invention, will use required in embodiment below
Accompanying drawing be briefly described, it will be appreciated that the following drawings illustrate only certain embodiments of the present invention, is therefore not to be seen as
It is the restriction to scope, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to root
Other relevant accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow landform schematic diagram in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the restoring area subregion schematic diagram in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure acceptance of the bid note is respectively as follows: 1 restoring area, 2 first blocks, 3 second blocks.
Detailed description of the invention
Illustrate with a specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
For making the purpose of embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, implement below in conjunction with the present invention
Accompanying drawing in mode, is clearly and completely described the technical scheme in embodiment of the present invention, it is clear that described reality
The mode of executing is a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, ability
The every other embodiment that territory those of ordinary skill is obtained under not making creative work premise, broadly falls into the present invention
The scope of protection.Therefore, detailed description to the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit and wants below
Seek the scope of the present invention of protection, but be merely representative of the selected embodiment of the present invention.
It should also be noted that similar label and letter represent similar terms, therefore, the most a certain Xiang Yi in following accompanying drawing
Individual accompanying drawing is defined, then it can not be defined further and explain in accompanying drawing subsequently.
See Fig. 1 to Fig. 2.Fig. 1 is the subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow landform schematic diagram in the present embodiment.Fig. 2 is
Restoring area subregion schematic diagram in the present embodiment.In figure, 1 represents restoring area, and 2 represent the first block, and 3 represent the secondth district
Block.In the present embodiment, the second block 3 belongs to uses flame range block, and adjacent three the second blocks 3 are distributed in a triangle.Second block 3
Horizontal plane projection be shaped as square, size is 50m*50m, certainly, can only be not square, it is also possible to be that other are real
Or other shapes of being suitable for spirit of the present invention, the size of the second block can also do suitable adjustment.The present embodiment
The shapes and sizes providing the second block 3 are the suggested designs that inventor determines according to experiment.
The restorative procedure on the subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow described by the present embodiment, is particularly adapted to Ganzi, Sichuan Province
The Subalpine region area of Tibetan autonomous prefecture, other area is only for reference.
The concrete operation step of the restorative procedure on aforementioned subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow is as follows:
1) determine repair coverage: during late Febuary, frozen soil, the meadow scope of the heavy-degraded being badly in need of reparation is carried out
Determine, and restoring area 1 of sketching out on topography.The basis for estimation on heavy-degraded meadow is weeds and poisonous weeds proportion in region
More than 50%, or edible dogstail and dried tuber proportion sum are less than 30%.
2) plan flame range territory is determined: with the fixed repair coverage of stress and strain model of 50m*50m.When repair coverage is less than
0.5hm2Time, all as using flame range territory, it is not provided with the first block, all as the second block；When repaired area is more than 0.5hm2
Time, select the region of 30% ~ 50% as using flame range territory according to isosceles triangle, include the most disjunct multiple second block with flame range territory
3, remaining block is as the first block 2 being not required to fire.
3) preparedness plan fire: the wide fire guard of 1m will be cradled out on each second block inner boundary, and at fire guard
Central authorities lay fire wall, and fire wall uses high temperature insulating flameproof fabric and support to make, it is simple to installation and removal, fire wall height
2m, length 49m × 4, heatproof 1100 DEG C, thickness 3mm.Flameproof fabric can use existing fire proofing material to make, and fire proofing material belongs to
Current material, this current material is not repeated by the present embodiment.The height of Radix Glycyrrhizae is low in treatment region to use the mode that cradles to ensure
In 40cm.
4) implementation plan fire: to early March, selects calm weather, and from bottom, slope, point is lighted a fire, and allows in the second block
Radix Glycyrrhizae naturally burn.Now, operator at least 4, and it is equipped with fire-extinguishing apparatus, observation at any time possibly be present at accident.When
When flame height is more than 2m, aerial flare suitably suppressed by available dry powder extinguisher.Treat to the greatest extent until surface vegetation burns, the secondth district
Thing naked light in block, staff carries fire-extinguishing apparatus admission, uses the mode swatted to check the ember being likely to occur.
5) apply fertilizer after fire: after with fiery one week, second area top layer will be sown in the cattle manure of grass seeds.Grass seeds should be this
The high quality forage kind that soil selects, such as lyme grass, annual bluegrass etc..As preferably, every 0.25hm2Cattle manure is done with fire Zoned application
100kg, and mix lyme grass 2.5kg and annual bluegrass 2.5kg.
6) remove fire wall: the rainfall one week after after ferti-seeding, at generally 4 the end of month, remove fire insulation cloth and use
In the support supporting flameproof fabric.
7) repeat to process: the same area is processed 3 years, the soil on the meadow of subalpine in western Sichuan area heavy-degraded can be made to have
Effect nutrient increases, Grass Quality improves.If annual process community, the same recovery district difference processed, need to use this technology continuous
Process 5 years.
In describing the invention, term " first ", " second " are only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that indicate or dark
Show relative importance or the implicit quantity indicating indicated technical characteristic.Thus, " first ", the feature of " second " are defined
Can express or implicitly include one or more this feature.In describing the invention, " multiple " are meant that two
Individual or two or more, unless otherwise expressly limited specifically.
Below it is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that it is right that above-mentioned preferred implementation is not construed as
The restriction of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.For the art
For those of ordinary skill, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it is also possible to make some improvements and modifications, these change
Enter and retouch and also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the restorative procedure on a subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1) determines repair coverage: during frozen soil, is determined the meadow scope that need to repair；
Step 2) determine plan flame range territory: it is the first block and the second block by fixed repair coverage stress and strain model,
Second block is plan flame range territory, and when the second block is multiple, the second block and the second block interval are arranged；
Step 3) preparedness plan fire: cradle out fire guard on each second block inner boundary, and install anti-on fire guard
Fire facility；
Step 4) implementation plan fire: after carrying out fire prevention measure, selects calm weather, and in bottom, slope, point is lighted a fire, and allows second
Radix Glycyrrhizae in block is burnt naturally；
Ferti-seeding after step 5) fire: after implementation plan was with fiery one week, will be sown in baked wheaten cake region table with the cattle manure of grass seeds
Layer；
Step 6) removes flame screen: step 5) meets rainfall after completing, then removes fireproofing installation.
The restorative procedure on subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
3), in, the width of fire guard is at more than 0.8m.
The restorative procedure on subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
3), in, fireproofing installation is fire wall.
The restorative procedure on subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described fire prevention
Wall uses flameproof fabric to make, and described flameproof fabric heat resistance is more than 1000 DEG C.
5. according to the restorative procedure on the subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that described
Fire wall more than height 1.8m；Or in described step 4), control in the second block the height of Radix Glycyrrhizae at below 0.4m.
The restorative procedure on subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
5), in, grass seeds is the high quality forage kind that native country selects.
The restorative procedure on subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described grass seeds
For lyme grass or/and annual bluegrass seed.
The restorative procedure on subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described cattle manure
And grass seeds uses according to following standard: every 0.25hm2Treatment region uses dry cattle manure 80-120kg, and grass seed mix 4-6kg.
The restorative procedure on subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
2) implementing in early Febuary, step 3) is implemented at early March.
The restorative procedure on subalpine in western Sichuan heavy-degraded meadow the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that same place
Step 2 is repeated in reason region every year) to step 6) once, repeat 3-5.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610328160.8A CN105960879B (en) | 2016-05-18 | 2016-05-18 | Method for repairing severe deteriorated grassland in high mountains in Sichuan subas |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610328160.8A CN105960879B (en) | 2016-05-18 | 2016-05-18 | Method for repairing severe deteriorated grassland in high mountains in Sichuan subas |
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| CN105960879A true CN105960879A (en) | 2016-09-28 |
| CN105960879B CN105960879B (en) | 2021-08-31 |
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| CN201610328160.8A Expired - Fee Related CN105960879B (en) | 2016-05-18 | 2016-05-18 | Method for repairing severe deteriorated grassland in high mountains in Sichuan subas |
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| CN108934253B (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2021-09-14 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Comprehensive improvement method for desert soil |
| CN109496699A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-03-22 | 湖北文理学院 | A kind of construction method on anti-continuous excessive fire lawn |
| CN112841162A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-05-28 | 北京森迪生化科技开发有限责任公司 | Method for repairing toxic weed type deteriorated grassland |
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