CN105960755A - System and method for controlling AC/DC converter - Google Patents

System and method for controlling AC/DC converter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105960755A
CN105960755A CN201480074852.3A CN201480074852A CN105960755A CN 105960755 A CN105960755 A CN 105960755A CN 201480074852 A CN201480074852 A CN 201480074852A CN 105960755 A CN105960755 A CN 105960755A
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China
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branch
voltage
energy
value
principal
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CN201480074852.3A
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Inventor
L·加尔文加西亚-皮瑞
F·J·科德西达姆诺兹
J·M·卡拉斯科索利斯
E·加尔瓦迪兹
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Green Energy Technologies Ltd
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Green Energy Technologies Ltd
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Publication of CN105960755A publication Critical patent/CN105960755A/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a control of a power converter (1) with an MMC topology. The inputs to the converter are the branch voltages U1...U6. These voltages are obtained by a linear combination (12) of the four types of main voltages: DC main voltages UDC1, AC main voltages UAC1 and UAC2, internal main voltages UM/1 and UM/2 and relative main voltages UMR1. AC and DC main voltages are respectively used to control the power exchanged with AC and DC circuits or grids connected to the converter and to keep the control the total energy stored in the converter. Relative main voltages are used to control the relative voltage between independent circuits. Internal main voltages are used to control completely the balance of the energy stored in the converter branches. This is accomplished by selecting values for the AC and DC components of each main voltage.

Description

Control the system and method for AC/DC transducer
Technical field
The invention belongs to power domain.More particularly it relates to allow under high pressure to exist Between AC line and DC line, (how electric modularity is for the MMC of exchange active power and reactive power Flat turn parallel operation).Especially, the present invention relates to the method and system for controlling this transducer.
Background technology
Anton Lesnicar and Ranier Marquardt is at such as " An Innovative Modular Multilevel Converter Topology Suitable for a Wide Power Rang " and " A new modular voltage source inverter topology " (all chase after Trace back to 2003) various articles in, have been disclosed for opening up of modular multilevel converter Flutter and its most basic scheme controlled.These two articles are similar.They propose MMC is topological and shows how can control transducer to AC circuit and the offer of DC circuit Any combinations of voltages.In these articles, DC circuit is 2 node DC nets and AC electricity Road is three-phase AC net.According to these articles, use 4 dimensions of output voltage state space Control transducer: 1 for D/C voltage, 2 for AC net voltage and for 1 of common-mode voltage between AC circuit and DC circuit.But, owing to transducer includes 6 branches, therefore the sum of the dimension of state space modulation is 6.Untapped branch pair Internal ring in the transducer that should not account in article.
Although the design of the accumulator energy balance mentioned in article, but it only states and individually keeps dividing Prop up the mode of upper balance.Energy adjustable in the capacitor of branch obtains too high, and other branches Energy in capacitor becomes too low.Become to carry out branch's balance to control.Also can strengthen pin The capacitor balance method describing separate branch, to reduce the number of times of each module rectification Amount.
Patent application WO2008/067784 attempts by except D/C voltage, AC net voltage With also use more multivoltage intermediate value to solve this outside unbalance voltage (or common-mode voltage) Problem.These new intermediate values are made up of nm branch's voltage and nm balanced voltage.These are five years old Each in accordance with purpose in kind of voltage intermediate value.The electricity that AC net Control of Voltage exchanges with AC net Stream.D/C voltage controls the gross energy in transducer.In theory, it also will control and DC net The electric current of exchange, but due to conservation of energy principle, cause cannot disposably controlling AC electricity Stream, DC electric current and gross energy.Branch's voltage is used to control the electric current through these branches. Again, this can conflict with AC and DC electric current.Unbalance voltage is used to control DC circuit And the relative voltage between AC circuit, say, that AC common-mode voltage deducts DC common mode Voltage.Finally, balanced voltage is used to carry out the balance of control module accumulator.According to patent Shen Please, can control the electric current of balance energy accumulator due to branch's voltage, therefore can omit last this A little voltages.
It may be noted that, between these effects, there is some conflict.If such as selecting branch's voltage Value controls the electric current by each branch, then AC electric current and DC electric current also will be by these branches Magnitude of voltage affects.This quantity being primarily due to medium voltage occurs more than the sum of degree of freedom 's.The other problems too much caused due to intermediate value is the interference effect between different adjustment device Should.The quantity independently exported due to actuator is more than the quantity of degree of freedom, therefore it is contemplated that have Negative effect (such as, pi regulator be rapidly saturated, inconsistent actuator output valve or not Necessary high medial fascicle voltage).
When such two transducers transmit (HVDC transmission) for high-voltage direct-current Time, owing to being regulated on each transducer by the same voltage of regulation the exchanged power of transducer Gross energy, therefore occur that another conflicts.In this case, it would be desirable to pass through AC connects exchange power and regulates this energy.
Finally, the explanation the most mutually balanced about branch's energy is not given.Despite the presence of adding The reference of upper balanced balanced current or the option of calculating intermediate equilibria voltage, but not about how to select The information of these curtages.Typical linear regulator does not ensure puts down the energy of realization Weigh and use these actuators will cause AC output electric current and DC due to electric current cooperation Output electric current produces less desirable effect.Need nonetheless remain for for balancing the general of these branch's energy Method.
Summary of the invention
By desired control transducer and DC circuit and the power of AC exchanging electrical current and balance it Energy in branch, and do not expose inconvenience.The present invention uses branch's voltage and energy more Good decoupling solves these problems.
The method and system proposed is designed to control modular multilevel converter (MMC).This equipment includes m DC node and n AC node (m >=2 and n >=2), wherein, between DC node and each combination of AC node, branch is formed.Each branch Including the inductance being connected in series and two or more modules (also referred to as unit).Each module Including accumulator (such as, capacitor or battery) and can be connected and disconnected from series connection storage Can device and one or more controllable semiconductor of branch.
Some or all in these m DC node and n AC node are by terminal even Receive outside DC and/or AC circuit or net.Can exist and any amount of be not connected with node. It addition, terminal may be connected to mutually not share different AC or the DC circuit of any node. Despite the presence of wherein external AC circuit and the MMC of DC circuit common land node, but this The bright wherein DC circuit that is preferably meant to be used for does not has to share with the AC circuit outside transducer to appoint The MMC of what node.So, it is galvanically isolated when existing between AC circuit and DC circuit Time, transducer can work.
Such as state-of-art before, the present invention selects the reference voltage for each branch U1To UnmAnd necessary accumulator is connected to branch so that each branch module the most defeated Go out voltage and reach described branch reference voltage.But, it is proposed that the side selecting branch reference voltage Formula be different from before state-of-art.
According to the present invention, obtain branch reference voltage U1To UnmAs its principal component UM1Extremely UMmnLinear transformation.These principal components (the most main electricity of branch's reference voltage Pressure) it is the expression of these branch's reference voltages under different benchmark.Therefore, they contain single obtaining Necessity and sufficient information to branch's reference voltage.The basis expressing principal voltage thereon is logical Cross what above-mentioned linear transformation defined.In this basis, all types of principal voltages only affects one The electric current of type, or do not affect electric current.Use the principal voltage of up to four types: interior Portion's principal voltage, DC principal voltage, AC principal voltage and relative principal voltage.
Internal principal voltage is defined as so that they depend on internal main energy value.Inside these Main energy value is the independent linear combinations of branch's energy value and none of which and all branches Energy value sum is directly proportional.Therefore, the difference (branch between branch's energy value is which described Energy is uneven).
Other principal voltages of definition be can be depending on branch's energy sum, rather than their difference.
Also disclose and come advantageously based on multiple inside main active power value of transmission between branch Calculate branch's reference voltage.
The result of this method is, the present invention can the energy of Bifurcation of The Equilibrium, and do not affect conversion Net that device is connected or circuit.
It is preferably used central authorities' control structure.All modules of each branch preferably with Branch control Device communicates.Described branching controller can associate with more than one branch, but preferably with point All module communications of its association of Zhi Zhongyu.All branching controller are led to central control unit Letter.For having the transducer of the of a sufficiently low multiple modules of quantity, branching controller and central authorities Control unit can all realize on Same Physical device (such as, DSP or FPGA).So And, this device individually will appear as the combination of CPU and branching controller, from And perform the responsibility of various piece independently.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The following is the basic description of accompanying drawing.There is provided this complete in the detailed description of the invention of the present invention Whole description.
Fig. 1 illustrates the classical field formalism (m=2 and n=3) of transducer.All nodes pass through terminal C1, C2, A1, A2 and A3 are connected to external circuit.
Fig. 2 illustrates the known topology of module.
Fig. 3 illustrates the scheme of the module that branch communicates with branching controller.
Fig. 4 illustrates the scheme of the branching controller communicated with module and central control unit.? In this case, each branching controller is used for controlling Liang Ge branch, rather than only one Branch.
Fig. 5 is shown in central control unit the master's reduction procedure to be processed occurred.Note It is that each frame representative processes or operates and non-device.
Fig. 6 illustrates the more detailed scheme of the process occurred in central control unit.
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 illustrates applicable two kinds of possible controlling parties when selecting internal principal voltage Case.
Fig. 9 to Figure 11 illustrates three kinds of different modes for estimating internal main performance number.
Figure 12 illustrates the controlling party for using DC principal voltage regulation DC power of proposal Case.
Figure 13 illustrates the controlling party for using AC principal voltage regulation AC power of proposal Case.
Figure 14 illustrates how that the power reference according to total storage energy and transmission selects and DC Circuit and the reference of the Circuit-switched power of AC.
Figure 15 illustrates for using relative principal voltage to regulate between AC circuit and DC circuit The possible closed loop controlling structure of voltage.
Detailed description of the invention
In conjunction with accompanying drawing, it is described in further detail some examples of embodiments of the invention.These examples with Way of illustration simply illustrates and will be not considered as the restriction of the scope of the invention.
First, the overall pattern how worked in current embodiment.Branching controller 4 receives at least The tolerance of the voltage of the accumulator 3 of respective branches module.For each module 2 of respective branches, Branching controller 4 can receive or calculate the energy of accumulator 3.Use this information, for Each associated branch, branching controller 4 calculates and depends on storing at least one module of branch The branch energy value E of energy1To Emn.Branch's energy value can be depending on more than one module The energy of upper storage, but it need not necessarily depend on the energy of all modules of branch.Which results in excellent In calculating branch's energy value method excellent as all voltages of module or energy sum before Point, because computing is faster.
Central control unit 5 receives the branch energy value E corresponding to all branches1To EmnAnd And determine the branch reference voltage U of each branch1To Umn.Hereafter, central control unit 5 will Each branch reference voltage is sent to the branch control unit 4 of correspondence.Finally, branch control unit Voltage distribution for each branching selection branch module 2 to be regulated.(describing subsequently) this Distribution can be carried out by the optimal such mode of quasiconductor quantity making module energy balance and rectification.
According to embodiment, central control unit 5 obtains branch reference voltage U1To UmnAs Above-mentioned principal voltage UM1To UMmnLinear transformation.Advantageously, the quantity of principal voltage It is identical with the quantity of branch, so that it is guaranteed that all degree of freedom can be used.Advantageously, above-mentioned linearly Conversion can be orthogonally transformed (that is, correct or incorrect rotation), so that it is guaranteed that principal voltage Between not cooperation.
Use the principal voltage of four types, all types of after application linear orthogonal transformation to conversion Device produces different effect.According to different purposes, select all types of principal voltages so that various Control not conflict between target.The principal voltage of these four type is:
Internal principal voltage: UMI1、UMI2... these voltages follow by the internal ring of transducer The electric current (internal current) of ring produces effect, but they do not affect and external circuit exchange Any electric current or power.Select their value to control the power of flowing between branch so that Branch's energy value becomes balance.
DC principal voltage: UMD1、UMD2... these simply affect transducer and outside DC The DC principal voltage of Circuit-switched power.The value selecting them controls this power.
AC principal voltage: UMA1、UMA2... these simply affect transducer and external AC The AC principal voltage of Circuit-switched power.The value selecting them controls this power.
Principal voltage: U relativelyMR1、UMR2... these voltages do not affect any electric current.Substitute Ground, they control the relative voltage belonging between the node of different isolation circuit.Thus, Think that any node that is not connected with is the external circuit of himself isolated with every other circuit.As Really must there is certain common-mode voltage relative to another external circuit on external circuit, then can use These relative principal voltages provide this common-mode voltage.
And non-required uses all principal voltages.Can only select that some of them are invalid, go forward side by side Province is slightly.Once have been directed towards each principal voltage and have selected value, just come with corresponding linear transformation To branch reference voltage U1To Umn。
The first kind: internal principal voltage
This type is crucial.Internal principal voltage is only to rely on branch's energy value imbalance to calculate The inside principal voltage gone out.Use internal principal voltage UMI1、UMI2... control to flow between branch Dynamic power, the energy of final Bifurcation of The Equilibrium.The step selecting these internal principal voltages proposed Including:
1. obtain mn-1 internal main energy value EMI1、EMI2... as not with all branches energy The branch energy value E that value sum is directly proportional1To EmnIndependent linear combinations；
2. measure mn-1 internal main active power value PMI1、PMI2... the most just between branch The expression of the clean active power of transmission；
3. use actuator according to internal main energy value EMI1、EMI2... select internal master to have The reference P' of the derivative value of merit performance numberMI1ref、P'MI2ref…
4. for internal main active power value PMI1、PMI2... select main builtin voltage UMI1、 UMI2... with according to they derivative value P'MI1、P'MI2Reference develop.
When obtaining internal main energy value E for first stepMI1、EMI2... time, may filter that these Or branch energy value E1To Emn.Especially, it is proposed that eliminate, or at least alleviate these values and exist Any vibration under the frequency of external AC circuit.Internal main energy value is that main energy value is uneven Expression.
When measuring internal main active power value P for second stepMI1、PMI2... time, it is also possible to Measure any inside main reactive power value QM1、QM2... these values represent passes through converter branch Periodic cycle but be not delivered to the amount of another energy on average from a branch.Carry Discuss three kinds of modes and measure internal main performance number.
The plain mode proposed includes calculating internal main active power value as internal main energy value Derivative value.In this case, filter can be used with the frequency pair of decay with AC circuit The component answered.This mode itself does not obtain internal main reactive power value, because these values do not have There is any net energy stream produced by branch.
The second way proposed comprises the following steps:
Measure internal principal current IM1、IM2…
Filter internal current, to obtain its DC component and AC component, and
Apply the main performance number in inside internal current DC and AC component generated with them Relevant linear transformation.
The mean power stream that can generate between branch by obtaining each component of internal circuit passes through Analyze above-mentioned linear transformation of deducing.This can be by by the respective branches electricity during certain period of time The product of stream and voltage is quadratured and is realized.For this purpose it is proposed, negligible induced voltage.This side Formula had both obtained internal main active power value PMI1、PMI2... and inside main reactive power value QM1、 QM2... but, use the speed fall that filter still makes controller can make a response derivative Low.
The third mode proposed comprises the following steps:
The nearest given value using internal main performance number and they derivative value calculated recently Reference P'MI1ref、P'MI2ref…、Q'MI1ref、Q'MI2ref... estimate new internal main power Value PMI1、PMI2…、QM1、QM2…
Measure internal principal current IM1、IM2... and
By by internal to the main performance number in each inside estimated and at least one depending on recording electricity Flow and by being added corresponding to the item of the difference of the value of same electric current according to this estimation, correct these and estimate Meter.
This mode uses the information that filter will be ignored, and obtains the main performance number in all inside PMI1、PMI2…、QM1、QM2..., thus allow actuator ratio to react the most more quickly. But, this needs each control cycle to solve more complicated mathematical problem.Therefore, this method Be suitable to fast microprocessor.
The second method proposed and Third Way are required for measuring the inside principal current of transducer IM1、IM2... measurement branches electric current I can be passed through1To ImnAnd apply linear transformation to obtain this A little electric currents.The linear transformation phase that this linear transformation is relevant with branch voltage to by internal principal voltage With.
When for main internal active power derivative value P'MI1、P'MI2When selecting reference, for interior The third step that portion's principal voltage selects, it is proposed that two kinds of possible control structures.The first controls knot Structure includes cascade Mach-Zehnder interferometer scheme.In the first loop, each inside main energy value EMI1、EM2... quilt It is fed as input to independent regulation device (such as, P or pi regulator), this independent regulation The output of device is used as the reference P of corresponding internal main active power valueMI1ref、PMI2ref….So After, at second servo loop, internal main active power value PM1、PM2Each and reference in ... Being provided to independent regulation device (such as, another P or pi regulator), its output is institute State the reference P' of internal main active power derivative valueMI1ref、P'MI2ref….Alternatively, Control program can be direct, and each inside main power only one of which controls loop.This In the case of, each main internal energy EMI1、EM2... it is provided as input into independent regulation device (such as, P, PI or PID regulator), its output is directly that described internal master (has Merit) the reference P' of power derivative valueMI1ref、P'MI2ref…。
In any one mode, if being intended to control internal main reactive power value QM1、QM2..., The most each together with it with reference to being supplied to actuator.Actuator output is corresponding inside master The reference Q' of reactive power derivative valueM1ref、Q'M2refIf ... it is not intended to control these values, Then can omit them and allow any dead resistance of transducer dissipate their effect.
Finally, it is proposed that internal principal voltage U of selectionMI1、UMI1... control internal main performance number and drill The mode (the 4th step) entered includes being respectively formed and has at least one DC component and two AC The inside principal voltage of component, in these components offsets 90 ° relative to another.AC Component frequencies is identical with AC external circuit frequency.
UMIi=aIicos(ωt)+bIisin(ωt)+cIi
DC component CI1、CI2... and AC component aI1、bI1、aI2、bI2... amplitude all by really It is set to main performance number P of actual insideMI1、PMI2... and the reference of inside main power derivative value P'MI1ref、P'MI2ref... linear function.These functions make when being employed, internal main merit Rate value carrys out evolution according to the reference of its derivative value.
Second Type: DC principal voltage
Use DC principal voltage UMD1、UMD2... control and the outside Circuit-switched merit of DC Rate.The mode of the selection DC principal voltage proposed comprises the following steps:
1. measure and the power P of each independent DC net exchangeD1、PD2…
2., by these measured values and with reference to being fed to independent regulation device, its output is corresponding DC The reference P' of power derivative valueD1ref、P'D2ref…
3. for DC performance number PD1、PD2... select DC principal voltage, with according to its derivative The reference of value carrys out evolution.
For third step, it is proposed that by least DC component CD1、CD2... form each DC Principal voltage, DC component CD1、CD2... it is the linear letter of the reference of DC net power derivative value Number.These linear functions can include the feedforward value depending on DC terminal voltage.The DC of gained Principal voltage makes when being employed, and DC net performance number carrys out evolution according to the reference of its derivative value.
3rd type: AC principal voltage
Use AC principal voltage UMA1、UMA2... control Circuit-switched with external AC to have Merit power PAAnd reactive power QA.The mode of the selection AC principal voltage proposed includes following step Rapid:
1. measure the active power with each independent AC net exchange and reactive power PA1、QA1、 PA2、QA2…
2., by these measured values and with reference to being fed to independent regulation device, its output is corresponding A C Active power derivative value and reactive power derivative value P'A1、Q'A1、P'A2、Q'A2... ginseng Examine；
3. for AC active power value and reactive power value PA1、QA1、PA2、QA2... choosing Select AC principal voltage, carry out evolution with the reference according to its derivative value.
For third step, it is proposed that form each AC principal voltage by least two AC component； In these components one offsets 90 ° relative to another.Their frequency and external AC electricity Road frequency is identical.
UMAi=aAicos(ωt)+bAisin(ωt)
Each component aA1、bA1、aA2、bA2... amplitude be actual active power value and idle merit The linear function of the reference of rate value and derivative value thereof.These linear functions can include depending on AC The feedforward value of terminal voltage.The AC principal voltage of gained makes when being employed, AC net power Value carrys out evolution according to the reference of its derivative value.
According to favourable further development, select the reference P of DC and AC active powerD1 ref、PD2ref…PA1ref、PA2ref... so that the gross energy in transducer is maintained.Select Their proposal comprises the following steps:
Obtain and all branch energy value E1To EmnThe total energy value that sum is directly proportional ETOTAL
By this total energy value ETOTALTogether with its with reference to provide to actuator (such as, P or Pi regulator)；
Obtain the reference P of transducer absorbed powerabsOutput as actuator；
According to absorbed power reference, select the reference P for DC or AC active powerD1 ref、PD2ref…PA1ref、PA2refAt least one in ....
Especially, if transducer is connected to the circuit that two or more are outside, then propose To DC and AC active power reference as absorbed power with reference to PabsIt is intended at electricity with transducer The power P sent between roadref1、Pref2... linear combination.By certain of linear adjustment relation A little COEFFICIENT KPD1、KPD2... and KPA1、KPA2..., can select will be how by outside DC Absorbed power reference is distributed with AC circuit.This allows with the power only absorbed from some circuit Control always to store energy.The probability controlling this distribution can have the advantage depending on application. Such as, when transducer for high-voltage direct-current transmission (HVDC transmission) time, can with The Circuit-switched power of AC regulates the gross energy of accumulation in transducer so that with DC circuit The power of exchange is undisturbed.
4th type: principal voltage relatively
Principal voltage is for controlling the voltage being disconnected from each other between the circuit of connection relatively.So, may be used To keep the line-ground voltage being not connected in the circuit on ground.Another application is by common mode electricity Press and increase, with triple-frequency harmonics phase Calais, the voltage that transducer can regulate in three-phase AC electrical network.For Control these voltages, with the ginseng of the common-mode voltage that the basal expression identical with principal voltage provides Examine.Then, the value selecting each corresponding reference of relative principal voltage is identical.If this open loop It is insufficient that control program confirms, then one group of actuator can be used (such as, to have feedforward Proportional controller).Actuator receives with the actual common mode electricity of the basal expression identical with principal voltage Press its reference.Use the output of these actuators as relative principal voltage.Even if it is noted that With actuator, most important item also will be feedforward value.
Central control unit 5 have selected for four types principal voltage (internal principal voltage, DC principal voltage, AC principal voltage and relative principal voltage) expected value after, it calculates branch Reference voltage U1To UmnAs above-mentioned orthogonal transformation.Then, by these Voltage References therefrom Centre control unit 5 is sent to its corresponding branching controller 4.
In order to keep the energy balance in branch, each branching controller 4 cyclic scheduling associates The module 2 of a branch (or multiple branch).This sequence is according to ranking functions F Value is carried out, the value of ranking functions F depend on branch current, module stores energy, (can Choosing) from section nearest switching time or last time order module, module accumulator has been coupled to point The time quantum propped up.Necessary signals is sent to respective branches module 2 by branching controller 4, with The accumulator 3 of some modules is connected to branch.The accumulator that selection is to be connected is to have function The accumulator of the peak of F.The quantity of the accumulator 3 of selection branch to be connected to makes them Combination voltage as close possible to corresponding branch reference voltage U1To Umn.Can be selected Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) is used, to obtain being closer to branch with reference to electricity in some in module The voltage of pressure.
Advantageously, allow ranking functions F depend on module accumulator whether be connected to branch (with The time that they have connected) contribute to reducing the amount of the number of times of module 2 rectification.Owing to also examining Considering to electric current, therefore when electric current height, the energy balance can be considered more important, and when electric current is low Time, reduce rectification more important.
When evaluation module accumulator energy, if technical staff is it is understood that accumulator is electric capacity Device, then its voltage square is the probable value of its energy, and if they are batteries, the most charged State (SOC) is better value.When the accumulator of two or more types is just combined, Can be for the different function of all types of uses.This allows the energy for different types of accumulator inclined Difference gives different weight.
According to favourable further development, it is contemplated that energy value is relative to user-defined reference Deviation, rather than the energy only accumulated.This allows user to select the different energy on each accumulator Amount level.In this case, user provides energy reference and gross energy for each accumulator With reference to ETOTALRefBe calculated as in inside with component units express all these energy values it With.Advantageously, this allows user to select which battery every time to charge and discharge to retain electricity Pond health status (SOH).
According to favourable further development, due to the value by the function greatly depending on module energy Carry out order module, therefore can be according to only in the module taking ad-hoc location when being sorted A little energy values, selects branch energy value E1To Emn.Branch's energy value can also be selected to make For the energy of storage on the module accumulator that randomly chooses whenever the order module.Select Ze Liao branch energy value, they are sent to central control unit 5, for next of method Individual circulation.
Hereinafter, accompanying drawing is carried out certain illustrated.
Fig. 1 illustrates the possible topology of transducer 1.In this case, transducer includes 2 DC node and 3 AC nodes.Transducer is connected to a DC circuit and one by terminal Individual AC circuit.Each DC node is connected to DC circuit, respectively by terminal (C1, C2) AC node is connected to AC circuit by terminal (A1, A2, A3).AC circuit and DC Circuit does not share any node, not even common land node.If transducer needs and interconnects mutually The AC circuit and the DC circuit that connect are used together, then can add between transducer and AC circuit Add transformator.
Branch is formed between each DC node and each AC node.Each branch include inductance L and A series of modules 2.Fig. 2 illustrates the topology of these modules known.Each in these modules Including accumulator 3.The accumulator of the module shown in Fig. 2 is capacitor, it is also possible to use Battery.Module can also be combined with different types of accumulator.
Fig. 3 illustrates the reduction procedure that branching controller 4 communicates with all modules 2 of branch. The voltage of branching controller receiver module and return what the required signal of module was specified with regulation Voltage.
As shown in Figure 4, branching controller 4 is used for each two branch, although originally can A branching controller is used with each branch.For this example, branching controller is FPGA.If a FPGA individually can not manage whole branch, the most interconnective many Individual FPGA may make up branching controller 4.All branching controller also control single with central authorities Unit 5 communication.Especially, this communication includes the branch energy value E of each branch1To E6From Branching controller is sent to central control unit and by the branch reference voltage U of each branch1Extremely U6The branching controller of correspondence it is sent to from central control unit.For this example, in Centre control unit 5 is microprocessor or microcontroller.
Each branching controller 4 periodic receipt is corresponding with the branch module accumulator 3 of association The tolerance of voltage and the tolerance of electric current circulated by described branch.Use this data, branch Control device and calculate the energy of storage on the accumulator of associated branch.Hereafter, each Branch control dress Comment on certain ranking functions F of each module of valency associated branch and come according to the result obtained The module of each associated branch that sorts: on each branch, has the mould of the highest result of described function It is first that block is indexed；The module with second highest result is second, by that analogy.Sequence letter Number F depends primarily on the energy (E of storage in module accumulatorA), but it also can be depending on Its dependent variable (such as, reference (E of described energyA Ref), accumulation of energy during previous time period Device is connected to the time quantum (T of branchON) or the electric current (I) that circulated by branch.This function Possible expression formula as follows:
F=I (EA-EA Ref)+K·TON
Wherein, K is constant parameter.
It is ranked module, just according to being sorted the module taking ad-hoc location afterwards Accumulator in storage energy, select branch energy value E1To E6.Especially, for this Individual example, branch's energy value is on the accumulator corresponding with the intermediate value of distribution and upper lower quartile The energy sum of storage.So, such as, if each branch includes 35 modules, then divide Energy value by be be indexed be the nine, the 18th, the 27th module corresponding Energy value sum.Pseudo-random number generator also can be used to randomly choose any numeral Branch module and select the energy sum that branch's energy value stores as them.Divided After propping up energy value, these are sent to central control unit 5.
Fig. 5 is shown on central control unit 5 the master's scheme to be processed occurred.Central authorities control Unit receives the branch energy value E voltage V together with branch current I and DC and AC circuit Tolerance.Application orthogonal linear transformation 12 obtains main energy value EM, external circuit principal voltage VMWith principal current IM.These major value are only the linear combination of measured value.Then, use These values obtain internal principal voltage by alignment processing (respectively, 6,7,8,9) (UMI1And UMI2), DC principal voltage (UMD1), AC principal voltage (UMA1With UMA2) with relative principal voltage (UMR1).Obtain all six principal voltage, just Application orthogonal linear transformation 12, to change into branch reference voltage U by these principal voltages1Extremely U6。
Fig. 6 is the more detailed expression of same situation.It illustrates how that obtaining necessary data calculates Each principal voltage.To branch energy value E1To E6Application orthogonal linear transformation 12, to be led Energy value.In these main energy values one is the gross energy being directly proportional to branch energy value sum Value ETotal.Remaining main energy value is internal main energy value EMI1To EMI5.To branch current I1To I6Apply same linear transformation 12, to obtain principal current.In these principal currents two It it is internal principal current IMI1And IMI2.In order to obtain external circuit principal voltage, also to AC and The voltage application linear transformation 12 of DC circuit.One of them is to be solely dependent upon DC circuit electricity The DC main circuit voltage V of pressureMD1, two in other is to be solely dependent upon AC circuit voltage AC main circuit voltage VMA1And VMA2, and last be depending on AC circuit and The outside of the common-mode voltage of DC circuit is relative to principal voltage VMR1。
The most main energy value (EMI1To EMI5) application filtration treatment 13, to alleviate them AC component.Use internal principal current (IMI1And IMI2) and filter after the main energy in inside Value (EMI1filTo EMI5fil) calculate internal principal voltage UMI1And UMI2(processing 6 In).Use total energy value ETOTALSelect subsequently when calculating DC and AC principal voltage UMD1、UMA1And UMA2Time (processing in 7 and 8) DC and AC power ginseng of using Examine PD1refAnd PA1ref(processing in 10).Finally, when calculating DC, AC with relative Principal voltage UMD1、UMA1、UMA2And UMR1Time (processing in 7,8 and 9), use External circuit principal voltage is as feedforward.
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 illustrates how to use internal principal voltage to control internal main energy value EMI1 To EMI5.In the figure 7, each inside main energy value E after filteringMI1filTo EMI5filSupply Derivative value P' that its output is the corresponding main active power in inside should be arrivedMI1To P'MI5Reference Independent regulation device 17.For this example, actuator is PI or PID regulator, selects Internal main active power derivative value is to keep the main energy value in inside after the filtration received as far as possible Close to particular reference to.In fig. 8, these internal main power is obtained by cascaded control structure Derivative reference: each inside main energy value E after filteringMI1filTo EMI5filIt is fed to actuator 17, actuator 17 selects the reference P' of the inside main active power value of correspondenceMI1refExtremely
P'MI5refWith the main energy value in inside after the filtration that holding receives as close possible to reference.So After, each together with actual inside main active power value by these internal main active power parameters Tolerance another actuator 17 is provided.In this case, all actuators are all PI Controller.The output of these actuators is corresponding main performance number P' in insideMI1To P'MI5's The reference of derivative value.No matter control structure is that directly (as shown in Figure 7) still passes through level (as in fig. 8) of connection, control internal main reactive power value the most in the same manner: will Each inside main reactive power value QMI1Tolerance together with it with reference to QMI1refActuator is provided to 17.The output of actuator is the reference Q' of the derivative value of the main reactive power value in described insideMI1 ref.Internal main reactive power value need not be conditioned, and this is optional.
Obtaining the reference of internal main power derivative afterwards, selecting for internal main performance number internal main Voltage UMI1And UMI2, to carry out evolution according to selected derivative reference.Internal principal voltage is equal Being configured with DC component and two AC components, one in these components inclined relative to another Move 90 °.Obtain DC component CI1And CI2With AC component aI1、bI1、aI2And bI2Width It is worth the linear function 11 as internal main performance number He its derivative reference.These functions can depend on In other parameters (such as, feature AC or D/C voltage (AC voltage and nominal DC between line Voltage), AC channel frequency or inductance value).Skilled artisan will appreciate that, due to AC circuit The phase place of α and β component of voltage offset from each other 90 ° and their frequency and AC circuit frequency Rate is identical, and therefore when constructing AC principal voltage, they may replace shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 Sine and cosine functions.The amplitude of AC component has only to be multiplied with α and β component of voltage respectively And take the circumstances into consideration scaling.
In order to perform said method, it is to be appreciated that internal main performance number PMI1To PMI5(as scheduled Hope, QMI1).Because can not these performance numbers of transient measurement, so this shows problem.Figure 9 to Figure 11 shows the three kinds of modes measuring these values.Scheme shown in Fig. 9 be based on The definition of internal main performance number: just transmitting clean active power between branch.Due to internal main energy Value shows the difference of the energy of storage in branch, and therefore its derivative value shows just in branch Between transmission power.According to this method proposed, the main energy value in inside after filtering EMI1filTo EMI5filApplied Digital derivative processing 16, to obtain internal main active power value PMI1 To PMI5。So mustn't go to internal main reactive power value QMI1。
Scheme shown in Figure 10 is based on internal main performance number PMI1、PMI2、PMI3、 PMI4、PMI5And QMI1With internal current DC and AC component Ia1、Ib1、Ic1、Ia2、Ib2 And Ic2Between relation.The mode obtaining internal main power proposed includes two operations:
Internally principal current application filtration treatment 13, to identify their DC and AC component Ia1、Ib1、Ic1、Ia2、Ib2And Ic2And
Obtain internal main performance number PMI1、PMI2、PMI3、PMI4、PMI5And QMI1As The linear function 11 of described current component.
The scheme proposed in Figure 11 is based on internal main performance number PMI1、PMI2、PMI3、 PMI4、PMI5And QMI1With internal current IMI1And IMI2Instantaneous value between relation.Due to The quantity of internal current, therefore can these values of an one-shot measurement less than the quantity of internal main performance number Some combination.But, the ginseng of the derivative value of the main performance number in all inside is provided due to actuator Examine, the instantaneous value of the main performance number in the most readily estimated each inside.Propose that the mode of do so includes Two operations:
Such as, use based on the method carried out with the most known main performance number set, use Euler method or Runge-Kutta, by the reference of the derivative value of internal main performance number P'MI1ref、P'MI2ref、P'MI3ref、P'MI4ref、P'MI5refAnd Q'MI1refNumerical integration 14, obtain the estimated value of internal main performance numberWith And
According to using internal current IMI1And IMI2The combination of these values recorded, to estimation Value application correction 15.
Correction can include with using arithmetic organ (such as, Lagrange's multiplier) that may be present Limit and solve least square problem.Simpler and more stable (but slower) correction is estimated The mode of value comprises the following steps:
Calculating would correspond to estimated valueInternal current,
By these electric currents and actual inside principal current IMI1And IMI2Compare and calculate difference Different, and
The main performance number in inside that will estimateWithDeduct Set to the value that the gradient of described difference is directly proportional.
So, error more depends on internal main performance number, more will revise its estimated value.This is similar to In LMS algorithm, but it is in view of prior information.If do not had with the power of external circuit exchange There is uniform distribution in these branches, then in estimating 14 and/or correction 15, consider this power.
Figure 12 illustrates how to use DC principal voltage UMD1Control transducer and DC external electrical Road PD1The power of exchange.Actuator 17 (such as, PI controller) is supplied and DC electricity The reference of the power of road exchange and actual value (respectively, PD1refAnd PD1).Actuator returns Backcross power derivative value P' changedD1refReference.Then, DC voltage component C is obtainedD1Make Linear function 11 for this reference.Add DC main circuit voltage VMD1As feedforward term. Use this result as DC principal voltage UMD1。
Similarly, Figure 13 illustrates how to use AC principal voltage UMA1And UMA2Control with The Circuit-switched active power of AC and reactive power.Active power Circuit-switched with AC and The reference of reactive power and actual value (PA1ref、PA1、QA1refAnd QA1) be all supplied to Two independent regulation devices 17 (such as, PI).Actuator returns the meritorious of exchange and idle merit Rate derivative value (P'A1refAnd Q'A1ref) reference.Then, each AC principal voltage UMA1With UMA2Being made up of two AC components, the phase place of one of them offsets 90 ° relative to another, Obtain amplitude a of the two AC componentA1、bA1、aA2And bA2As above-mentioned reference (P'A1 refAnd Q'A1ref) and reality Circuit-switched with AC is meritorious and reactive power (PA1With QA1) linear function 11.Add AC main circuit voltage VMA1And VMA2As feedforward ?.Although will be possible, but in this illustration, do not control reverse sequence.
As shown in Figure 6, select the reference of power Circuit-switched with AC and DC, with The gross energy of storage in regulation transducer.This regulation is described in detail in detail in fig. 14 and processes 10.First First, by total energy value ETotalActuator 17 (such as, PI controller) is provided to.According to dividing Prop up energy value E1To E6Whether it is according to its expected value module cumlative energy or to use described energy Derivative calculate, also can be by total energy value ETotalReference provide to actuator.Regulation Device returns power reference P absorbedAbs Ref.COEFFICIENT K according to the front construction of twoPD1With KPA1The power reference this absorbed is assigned among external circuit.Artisans understand that, In these coefficients, only certain proportion is responsible for distribution, therefore, both of which is directly proportional increase just It is equal to well the gain increasing actuator 17.Once have selected for distribution, user is selected Power reference PrefThe merit that the power reference absorbed with each circuit is added or is absorbed by each circuit Rate is with reference to deducting power reference Pref.This has how much power to send from DC circuit with reference to representative To AC circuit (or vice versa as the same).The external circuit power P of gainedD1refAnd PA1ref's With reference to being consistent, because a certain amount of power is delivered to another from a circuit by really Individual and absorb holding transducer storage energy necessary to power.Additionally, optional point of user In distribution coefficient one so that it is invalid so that the merit that the power reference of this circuit provides with user Rate is with reference to being consistent.Such as, if to be connected to HVDC transmission line firm with relative for this transducer The AC net of property, then user may select KPD1So that it is it is 0, and selects KPA1So that it is for 1 so that transducer is by only keeping its energy with net exchange power.So, HVDC passes Defeated line voltage is by undisturbed.
Select relative principal voltage UMR1, to keep the outside representing the relative voltage between circuit Principal voltage V relativelyMR1.Such as, if the common-mode voltage of AC and DC circuit is intended to phase With, then may select relative principal voltage so that it is invalid.Otherwise, can only incite somebody to action by proper ratio Desired relative voltage VMR1refApply as main relative voltage.This open loop policy should Confirmation is insufficient, can apply closed loop controlling structure as shown in Figure 15.In this feelings Under condition, by the most main for outside power voltage VMR1Together with desired with reference to providing actuator 17 (in this case, there is the pi regulator of feedforward).Any in proportional component correction While possible derivative, the feed-forward component of actuator provides quickly response.
Six principal voltages U are calculatedMI1、UMI2、UMD1、UMA1、UMA2With UMR1, just obtain branch reference voltage U1To U6Orthogonal linear transformation as principal voltage 12.Then, each branch reference voltage is sent to the Branch control of correspondence by central control unit 5 Device 4.
After branching controller 4 receives branch's reference voltage, they order association modules Regulate the branch's voltage received.As previously described, come according to the value of ranking functions F The module of each branch of cyclic scheduling, ranking functions F depends on the energy of accumulation in module Amount, branch current and previous dutycycle.If it is expected that energy is uneven, then ranking functions F Can be depending on energy deviation, rather than the actual energy of storage on accumulator.Total branch reference voltage Regulation be assigned among module so that belong to the module that the value of its ranking functions F is higher Accumulator be connected to branch.If it is necessary, before the control cycle, optional connection or disconnection One module.
Reference:
1 transducer
2 modules
3 accumulators
4 branching controller
5 central control units
6 select branch's energy hole of internal principal voltage to process
7 select the DC power control of DC principal voltage to process
8 select the AC power control of AC principal voltage to process
9 select the circuit relative voltage control of relative principal voltage to process
10 gross energy regulations process
11 linear functions
12 orthogonal linear transformations
13 filtration treatment
The 14 estimation process performed by numerical integration
15 correction process
16 numerical derivative
17 linear regulators (such as, P, PI or PID regulator)

Claims (17)

1. for controlling a system with the AC/DC transducer of multiple branch, at AC Forming branch between node and DC node, it is multiple be connected in series that described branch includes inductance Module, module includes the accumulator (3) that can disconnect, and wherein, described system includes:
-multiple branching controller (4), each branching controller (4) is configured to The energy of storage, described branching controller on multiple accumulators of at least one branch (4) it is further constructed to determine branch energy value (E1…Emn), shown branch energy value Depend at least one accumulator energy of a module of described branch；
-central control unit (5), is configured to receive branch's energy value of multiple branch (E1…Emn), described central control unit (5) is further constructed to provide for described Branch reference voltage (the U of multiple control devices (4)1…Umn)；
It is characterized in that:
Described central control unit (5) is configured to by multiple principal voltages (UM1…UMmn) apply linear transformation to calculate described branch reference voltage (U1…Umn), wherein, at least one in the plurality of principal voltage is internal principal voltage (UMI1、UMI2), described internal principal voltage to by described transducer at the electricity of inner loop Stream has an impact and on the external power exchanged not affected, and
Described control device (4) is further constructed to select at least one to will be switched off connection Accumulator (3), to revise total output voltage of the plurality of branch module so that described point Prop up reference voltage (U1…Umn) and at least one branch in total output voltage of multiple modules Difference less than threshold value.
System the most according to claim 1, wherein, to the plurality of principal voltage (UM1…UMmn) apply for calculating described branch reference voltage (U1…Umn) line Property conversion be orthogonal.
System the most according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described principal voltage also includes It is responsible for and at least one DC principal voltage (U of DC external circuit exchange powerDC1), be responsible for At least one AC principal voltage (U with AC external circuit exchange powerAC1) and/or at least One does not all have influential relative principal voltage U to any electric currentMR1。
4. according to the system described in any one in aforementioned claim, wherein, by described Central control unit (5) calculates described branch reference voltage (U1…Umn) include determining Multiple inside main active power (P of transmission between branchMI1、PMI2)。
System the most according to claim 4, wherein it is determined that the main wattful power in multiple inside Rate (PMI1、PMI2) include calculating internal main energy value (EMI1、EMI2) derivative (E'MI1、E'MI2)。
System the most according to claim 4, wherein it is determined that the main wattful power in multiple inside Rate (PMI1、PMI2) include measuring multiple internal principal current (IMI1、IMI2) and obtain institute State internal principal current (IMI1、IMI2) AC component and DC component.
System the most according to claim 4, wherein it is determined that the main wattful power in multiple inside Rate (PMI1、PMI2) include considering that the value before it is together with its derivative value of its correspondence before Reference (P'MI1ref、P'MI2ref) and measure multiple internal principal current (IMI1、 IMI2)。
System the most according to claim 4, wherein, described system also includes for many Individual inside main active power (PMI1…PMImn) select multiple internal principal voltage (UMI1…UMImn), with multiple references of the derivative value according to the main power in described inside (P'MI1ref、P'MI2ref) develop.
9. according to the system described in any one in aforementioned claim, wherein, described control Device (4) be configured to according at least one in following standard by multiple accumulators (3) with Multiple modules are connected or disconnected from:
-described branch current,
-described accumulator is connected during previous switching time section time,
-described accumulator is disconnected during previous switching time section time,
The energy of storage on-described accumulator, or
-combinations thereof.
10. control has the method for transducer for multiple branch, at AC node and DC Forming branch between node, described branch includes inductance and the multiple modules being connected in series, module Including the accumulator (3) that can disconnect, wherein, described system includes:
-measure the energy of storage on multiple accumulators of at least one branch,
-determine branch energy value (E1…Emn), described branch energy value depends on described point At least one the accumulator energy of the module propped up；
-by multiple principal voltage (UM1…UMmn) application orthogonal linear transformation, based on institute State branch's energy to calculate branch reference voltage (U1…Umn), wherein, in described principal voltage At least one be internal principal voltage (UMI1、UMI2), described internal principal voltage is to passing through State transducer and have an impact and on the external power of exchange is not affected at the electric current of inner loop, And
-select at least one to will be switched off the accumulator (3) connected, to revise the plurality of point Total output voltage of formwork so that described branch reference voltage is multiple with at least one branch The difference of total output voltage of module is less than threshold value.
11. methods according to claim 10, wherein, the plurality of principal voltage (U1…Umn) linear transformation be orthogonal.
12. according to the method described in claim 10 or 11, wherein, calculates described branch ginseng Examine voltage (U1…Umn) include determining the main active power in multiple inside of transmission between branch (PMI1、PMI2)。
13. methods according to claim 12, wherein it is determined that multiple internal main meritorious Power (PMI1、PMI2) include calculating internal main energy (EMI1、EMI2) derivative (E'MI1、E'MI2)。
14. methods according to claim 12, wherein it is determined that multiple internal main meritorious Power (PMI1、PMI2) include measuring multiple internal principal current (IMI1、IMI2) and obtain Described internal principal current (IMI1、IMI2) AC component and DC component.
15. methods according to claim 12, wherein it is determined that multiple internal main meritorious Power (PMI1、PMI2) include considering value before it it of its derivative value together with its correspondence Front reference (P'MI1ref、P'MI2ref) and measure multiple internal principal current (IMI1、 IMI2)。
16. according to the method described in any one in claim 12 to 15, wherein, described Method also includes for multiple inside main active power (PMI1…PMImn) select multiple inside Principal voltage (UMI1…UMImn), with multiple ginsengs of the derivative value according to the main power in described inside Examine (P'MI1ref、P'MI2ref) develop.
17. according to the method described in any one in claim 10 to 16, wherein, described Method also includes being balanced by the value described module of sequence (2) according to ranking functions (F) Energy at least one branch, the value of described ranking functions (F) depends on described branch electricity Stream, the energy that stores of described accumulator (3) and/or described accumulator (3) are in the previous time Interim is connected to the time of described branch.
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