CN105951676A - Interlocked wave-resistance protection slope precast block system and construction method - Google Patents
Interlocked wave-resistance protection slope precast block system and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105951676A CN105951676A CN201610450954.1A CN201610450954A CN105951676A CN 105951676 A CN105951676 A CN 105951676A CN 201610450954 A CN201610450954 A CN 201610450954A CN 105951676 A CN105951676 A CN 105951676A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000703 anti-shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
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Abstract
本发明公布了一种连锁防浪护坡预制块体系及施工方法，它包括在坡度小于1:2的防浪护坡(3)上铺设有呈工字型的预制护坡块I(1)；其特征在于：所述的预制护坡块I(1)包括翼缘(1.1)、腹板(1.2)、凹槽段(1.3)、翼缘斜面(1.4)、倒角(1.5)；所述的翼缘(1.1)位于所述的预制护坡块I(1)的上端和下端，所述的腹板(1.2)位于所述的预制护坡块I(1)的中间，所述的翼缘斜面(1.4)位于所述的翼缘(1.1)和腹板(1.2)之间的过渡段；它克服了现有技术中的预制块一般采用模具人工浇筑而成，铺设后预制块之间易出现较大缝隙的缺点，具有小尺寸块体相互扣接，不会因为单个块体的损坏，引起其它块体的滑动的优点。
The invention discloses a prefabricated block system for interlocking anti-wave slope protection and a construction method, which includes laying an I-shaped prefabricated slope protection block I (1) on the anti-wave slope protection (3) with a slope of less than 1:2; its features In that: the prefabricated slope protection block I (1) includes a flange (1.1), a web (1.2), a groove segment (1.3), a flange slope (1.4), and a chamfer (1.5); the flange (1.1) is located at the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated slope protection block I (1), the web (1.2) is located in the middle of the prefabricated slope protection block I (1), and the flange slope (1.4) Located at the transition section between the flange (1.1) and the web (1.2); it overcomes the fact that the prefabricated blocks in the prior art are generally formed by manual casting of molds, and large gaps tend to appear between the prefabricated blocks after laying It has the disadvantages of small-sized blocks interlocking with each other, which will not cause the sliding of other blocks due to the damage of a single block.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于大坝及堤防等水利水电工程技术领域，更加具体来说是一种连锁防浪护坡预制块体系及施工方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering such as dams and dikes, and more specifically relates to a prefabricated block system and construction method for interlocking wave and slope protection.
背景技术Background technique
我国9万多座水库大坝中95％以上为土石坝，土石坝上游坡面受到波浪的冲刷作用必须采取有效的防护措施。此外，堤防工程也同样面临护坡保护问题。More than 95% of the more than 90,000 reservoir dams in my country are earth-rock dams. Effective protective measures must be taken for the upstream slope of the earth-rock dams to be washed by waves. In addition, the embankment project also faces the problem of slope protection.
对于上述工程常用的护坡形式有：现浇混凝土护坡、混凝土预制块护坡、浆砌石护坡及干砌石护坡等。现浇混凝土护坡和浆砌石护坡，适应坝体变形的能力较差，容易出现开裂、错位破坏等问题；干砌石护坡，主要由人工砌筑，比较费工，施工速度较慢，且运行多年块石容易风化，整体美观性差；混凝土预制块护坡适应坝体变形的能力强，铺设后较美观，近年来较受欢迎。The slope protection forms commonly used for the above projects include: cast-in-situ concrete slope protection, concrete prefabricated block slope protection, mortar stone slope protection and dry stone slope protection. Cast-in-situ concrete slope protection and mortar masonry slope protection have poor ability to adapt to the deformation of the dam body, and are prone to problems such as cracking and dislocation damage; dry stone slope protection is mainly constructed manually, which is labor-intensive, construction speed is slow, and operation Block stones are easy to weather for many years, and the overall aesthetics are poor; concrete prefabricated block slope protection has a strong ability to adapt to the deformation of the dam body, and it is more beautiful after laying, and has become more popular in recent years.
对于混凝土预制块护坡而言，施工难度和工程质量往往受护坡预制块单块重量的影响较大。对于常规六边形预制块，因其顺水流方向尺寸较短，为了满足波浪冲刷要求，单块厚度往往较大，影响工程投资，其相互间的咬合力也差，且预制块一般采用模具人工浇筑而成，铺设后预制块之间易出现较大缝隙，影响整体效果。For slope protection with prefabricated concrete blocks, the construction difficulty and engineering quality are often greatly affected by the weight of a single prefabricated block for slope protection. For conventional hexagonal prefabricated blocks, because of their short size along the water flow direction, in order to meet the requirements of wave erosion, the thickness of a single block is often large, which affects project investment, and their mutual bite force is also poor, and prefabricated blocks are generally poured manually using molds After laying, large gaps are likely to appear between the prefabricated blocks, which will affect the overall effect.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的第一目的在于克服上述背景技术的不足之处，而提出一种连锁防浪护坡预制块体系。The first purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the above-mentioned background technology, and propose a prefabricated block system for interlocking anti-wave and slope protection.
本发明一种连锁防浪护坡预制块体系，它包括在坡度小于1:2的防浪护坡上铺设有呈工字型的预制护坡块I；The present invention is a chain anti-wave slope protection prefabricated block system, which includes laying I-shaped prefabricated slope protection blocks I on the anti-wave slope protection slope with a slope less than 1:2;
其特征在于：所述的预制护坡块I包括翼缘、腹板、凹槽段、翼缘斜面、倒角；所述的翼缘位于所述的预制护坡块I的上端和下端，所述的腹板位于所述的预制护坡块I的中间，所述的翼缘斜面位于所述的翼缘和腹板之间的过渡段；在所述的预制护坡块I的上表面的外边线设置有倒角；两端的所述的翼缘斜面与所述的腹板的侧面形成凹槽段。It is characterized in that: the prefabricated slope protection block I includes flanges, webs, groove sections, flange slopes, and chamfers; the flanges are located at the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated slope protection blocks I, and the Web is positioned at the middle of described prefabricated slope protection block 1, and described flange slope is positioned at the transition section between described flange and web; Chamfering; the flange slopes at both ends and the side of the web form a groove segment.
在上述技术方案中：所述的腹板的长度为所述的翼缘的长度的两倍。In the above technical solution: the length of the web is twice the length of the flange.
在上述技术方案中：所述的预制护坡块I首尾相连平铺在所述的防浪护坡上，且在左右相邻的所述的预制护坡块I中，一侧的两个预制护坡块I的上端和下端的翼缘卡在另一侧所述的预制护坡块I中的凹槽段上。In the above technical solution: the prefabricated slope protection blocks I are tiled end to end on the described wave protection slope, and among the left and right adjacent prefabricated slope protection blocks I, two prefabricated slope protection blocks I on one side The flange of the upper end and the lower end is stuck on the groove section in the described prefabricated slope protection block 1 on the other side.
在上述技术方案中：所述的预制护坡块I长度为80厘米，宽度为30厘米，高度为20厘米；所述的翼缘的长度为16厘米，翼缘斜面为8厘米；腹板为32厘米。In the above technical scheme: the length of the prefabricated slope protection block 1 is 80 cm, the width is 30 cm, and the height is 20 cm; the length of the flange is 16 cm, and the inclined plane of the flange is 8 cm; the web is 32 cm. cm.
在上述技术方案中：在坡度大于1:2的防浪护坡时，所述的预制护坡块I的下表面设置有凹槽段区域，所述的凹槽段区域包括位于所述的腹板背面的腹板凹槽段和沿两端所述的翼缘背面开挖，且延伸至所述的翼缘斜面的翼缘凹槽段。In the above technical solution: when the slope is greater than 1:2, the lower surface of the prefabricated slope protection block I is provided with a groove segment area, and the groove segment area includes The web groove section and the flange groove section excavated along the back of the flange at both ends and extending to the flange slope.
在上述技术方案中：所述的凹槽段区域的开挖深度不超多所述的预制护坡块I的高度的二分之一；所述的腹板凹槽段与所述的腹板长度、宽度相同；所述的翼缘凹槽段的开挖起点A大于翼缘长度的二分之一。In the above technical scheme: the excavation depth of the groove section area is no more than 1/2 of the height of the prefabricated slope protection block I; the web groove section and the web length , the same width; the excavation starting point A of the flange groove section is greater than 1/2 of the flange length.
本发明的第二目的在于克服上述背景技术的不足之处而提出一种连锁防浪护坡预制块体系的施工方法。The second purpose of the present invention is to propose a construction method of interlocking anti-wave and slope protection prefabricated block system to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned background technology.
本发明一种连锁防浪护坡预制块体系的施工方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤；A construction method of a prefabricated block system for interlocking anti-wave and slope protection according to the present invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps;
①、制作护坡预制块：根据预制护坡块I强度等级合理选择混凝土配合比，按照配合比现场拌合后，将拌和料导入集料仓，再将拌和料平推至钢模板内，通过顶部液压板压制密实后成型，制作出与设计相符的预制护坡块I；①. Making slope protection prefabricated blocks: Reasonably select the concrete mix ratio according to the strength grade of the prefabricated slope protection blocks I. After mixing on site according to the mix ratio, import the mixed material into the aggregate bin, then push the mixed material into the steel formwork, and pass the hydraulic pressure on the top. After the plate is compacted and compacted, it is formed to produce a prefabricated slope protection block I that conforms to the design;
②、预制块养护：预制护坡块I经机器压制成型后，人工运至平整坚实的预制场地，当预制护坡块I的强度达到70％后，方可运输至坝面；② Prefabricated block maintenance: After the prefabricated slope protection block I is pressed and formed by the machine, it is manually transported to a flat and solid prefabricated site. When the strength of the prefabricated slope protection block I reaches 70%, it can be transported to the dam surface;
③、坝面修整：对防浪护坡坡面进行清理，清除杂草、树根、碎石等杂物，适当修整坝坡面。③ Dam surface repair: Clean up the slope protection slope, remove weeds, tree roots, gravel and other debris, and properly repair the dam slope.
④、确定铺设控制网：利用全站仪及水准测量仪进行测量定位，对防浪护坡的尺寸进行复核，测放出铺设预制块的水平线和基准线构成的控制网，并对控制点做相应的易于识别的记号，确定防浪护坡的施工面尺寸，以便确定铺设的护坡块的数量；④. Determine the laying of the control network: use the total station and the leveling instrument to measure and position, review the size of the wave protection slope, measure and release the control network composed of the horizontal line and the reference line of the prefabricated block, and make corresponding adjustments to the control points Easily identifiable marks to determine the size of the construction surface of the anti-wave slope protection, so as to determine the number of slope protection blocks laid;
⑤、在防浪护坡上预先铺设有垫层，垫层料选用粒径D＝1mm～20mm且D50＝10mm，含泥量<5％的砂砾石，填筑在防浪护坡上并且压实，找平防浪护坡，压实后的垫层层厚10cm；⑤. A cushion layer is pre-laid on the anti-wave protection slope. The cushion material is sand and gravel with a particle size of D = 1mm ~ 20mm and D 50 = 10mm, and a mud content < 5%. It is filled on the anti-wave protection slope and compacted , leveling the anti-wave slope protection, the thickness of the compacted cushion layer is 10cm;
⑥、铺设预制块：铺设时按照预先测定的控制网进行铺设，铺设时按照自下而上的铺设顺序人工铺设预制护坡块I；6. Laying of prefabricated blocks: laying according to the pre-measured control network during laying, and manually laying prefabricated slope protection blocks I according to the laying sequence from bottom to top during laying;
⑦、局部空缺浇筑混凝土：对防浪护坡难以铺设的边角处采用与预制护坡块I同等强度的混凝土进行填补，以使铺设后防浪护坡坡面达到平整美观完整的要求。⑦. Concrete pouring in local vacancies: the corners that are difficult to lay for the wave protection slope protection are filled with concrete of the same strength as the prefabricated slope protection block I, so that the surface of the wave protection slope protection slope can meet the requirements of being flat, beautiful and complete after laying.
在上述技术方案中：在步骤⑥中；所述预制护坡块I中的腹板的铺设朝向与水流的流向平行，且一侧的两个预制护坡块I的上端和下端的翼缘卡在另一侧所述的预制护坡块I中的凹槽段上。In the above technical scheme: in step ⑥; the laying direction of the web in the prefabricated slope protection block I is parallel to the flow direction of the water flow, and the flanges of the upper and lower ends of the two prefabricated slope protection blocks I on one side are stuck on the other side On the groove section in the prefabricated slope protection block 1 described on one side.
在上述技术方案中：在步骤⑥中；铺设所述的防浪护坡时；所述的防浪护坡坡面满足2m范围内不平整度控制在在-1到1cm之间。In the above technical solution: in step ⑥; when laying the anti-wave protection slope; the slope surface of the anti-wave protection slope meets the requirement that the unevenness within the range of 2m is controlled between -1 and 1cm.
本发明具有如下技术优点：1、本发明针对土石坝上游坝坡受风浪冲刷影响大，将预制块的腹板铺设方向与水流方向平行，由于预制块腹板方向的长度远大于宽度，可充分利用其形状特点，减小风浪冲刷计算要求的护坡厚度，节省工程投资；同时单个预制块重量减小，减小了施工难度。The present invention has the following technical advantages: 1. The upstream dam slope of the earth-rock dam is greatly affected by wind and wave erosion, and the laying direction of the web of the prefabricated block is parallel to the direction of water flow. Since the length of the web direction of the prefabricated block is far greater than the width, it can fully Utilizing its shape characteristics, the slope protection thickness required for calculation of wind and wave erosion is reduced, which saves engineering investment; at the same time, the weight of a single prefabricated block is reduced, which reduces the difficulty of construction.
2、本发明针对坡面不同坡度设置了两种不同形式的工字型护坡块，实用性强，适用范围广。2. The present invention is provided with two different types of I-shaped slope protection blocks for different slopes of the slope surface, which has strong practicability and wide application range.
3、本发明采用空间咬合互锁的柔性连接方式，增强了护坡结构的整体稳定性，能够有效抵抗坝体沉降变形、冻胀、波浪冲刷、地震等外力破坏。3. The present invention adopts the flexible connection method of spatial interlocking, which enhances the overall stability of the slope protection structure, and can effectively resist external force damage such as dam settlement deformation, frost heaving, wave erosion, and earthquakes.
4、本发明结构相对简单，采用机器现场压制，不仅工效高，可加快施工进度，而且机器压制的预制块尺寸一致，块体质量好，铺设后块体间无需勾缝，平整美观。4. The structure of the present invention is relatively simple. The on-site pressing of the machine not only has high work efficiency and can speed up the construction progress, but also the size of the prefabricated blocks pressed by the machine is consistent, and the quality of the blocks is good.
5、本发明采用小尺寸块体相互扣接，不会因为单个块体的损坏，引起其它块体的滑动，便于护坡结构的维修更换。5. The present invention adopts small-sized blocks to interlock with each other, and the damage of a single block will not cause other blocks to slide, which facilitates the maintenance and replacement of the slope protection structure.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为坡度小于1:2时预制护坡块的结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a prefabricated slope protection block when the slope is less than 1:2.
图2为坡度大于1:2时的预制护坡块的结构示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of a prefabricated slope protection block when the slope is greater than 1:2.
图3为预制护坡块的结构示意图侧视图。Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of the structure of the prefabricated slope protection block.
图4为坡度大于1:2时的预制护坡块的侧视图。Figure 4 is a side view of the prefabricated slope protection block when the slope is greater than 1:2.
图5为坡度大于1:2时的预制护坡块的后视图。Figure 5 is a rear view of the prefabricated slope protection block when the slope is greater than 1:2.
图6为预制护坡块的模具示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a mold of a prefabricated slope protection block.
图7为现有的预制护坡块的结构示意图。Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of an existing prefabricated slope protection block.
图8为预制护坡块的具体在护坡的安装结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the prefabricated slope protection block in slope protection.
图9为图8中B处的具体结构示意图。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure at point B in FIG. 8 .
图中：预制护坡块 I1、翼缘 1.1、翼缘凹槽段 1.1.1、腹板 1.2、腹板凹槽段 1.2.1、凹槽段 1.3、翼缘斜面 1.4、倒角 1.5、凹槽段区域2、防浪护坡 3。In the figure: prefabricated slope protection block I1, flange 1.1, flange groove section 1.1.1, web 1.2, web groove section 1.2.1, groove section 1.3, flange slope 1.4, chamfer 1.5, groove Segment area 2, anti-wave slope protection 3.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的实施情况，但它们并不构成对本发明的限定，仅作举例而已，同时通过说明本发明的优点将变得更加清楚和容易理解。The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but they do not constitute a limitation to the present invention, they are only examples, and at the same time, the advantages of the present invention will become clearer and easier to understand.
参照图1-9所示：本发明一种连锁防浪护坡预制块体系，它包括在坡度小于1:2的防浪护坡3上铺设有呈工字型的预制护坡块I1；其特征在于：所述的预制护坡块I1包括翼缘1.1、腹板1.2、凹槽段1.3、翼缘斜面1.4、倒角1.5；所述的翼缘1.1位于所述的预制护坡块I1的上端和下端，所述的腹板1.2位于所述的预制护坡块I1的中间，所述的翼缘斜面1.4位于所述的翼缘1.1和腹板1.2之间的过渡段；在所述的预制护坡块I1的上表面的外边线设置有倒角1.5；两端的所述的翼缘斜面1.4与所述的腹板1.2的侧面形成凹槽段1.3；所述的腹板1.2的长度为所述的翼缘1.1的长度的两倍；所述的预制护坡块I1首尾相连平铺在所述的防浪护坡3上，且在左右相邻的所述的预制护坡块I1中，一侧的两个预制护坡块I1的上端和下端的翼缘1.1卡在另一侧所述的预制护坡块I1中的腹板1.2上；所述的预制护坡块I长度为80厘米，宽度为30厘米，高度为20厘米；所述的翼缘1.1的长度为16厘米，翼缘斜面1.4为8厘米；腹板1.2为32厘米。Referring to Figures 1-9, the present invention shows a chained anti-wave and slope protection prefabricated block system, which includes laying I-shaped prefabricated slope protection blocks I1 on the anti-wave and slope protection 3 with a slope of less than 1:2; it is characterized in that: The prefabricated slope protection block I1 includes a flange 1.1, a web 1.2, a groove section 1.3, a flange slope 1.4, and a chamfer 1.5; the flange 1.1 is located at the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated slope protection block I1, so The web 1.2 is located in the middle of the prefabricated slope protection block I1, and the flange slope 1.4 is located at the transition section between the flange 1.1 and the web 1.2; on the prefabricated slope protection block I1 The outer edge of the surface is provided with a chamfer 1.5; the flange slope 1.4 at both ends and the side of the web 1.2 form a groove segment 1.3; the length of the web 1.2 is the length of the flange 1.1 twice the length; the prefabricated slope protection blocks I1 are tiled end to end on the described anti-wave protection slope 3, and among the left and right adjacent prefabricated slope protection blocks I1, two prefabricated slope protection blocks I1 on one side The flange 1.1 of the upper end and the lower end is stuck on the web 1.2 in the prefabricated slope protection block I1 described on the other side; the length of the described prefabricated slope protection block I is 80 centimeters, the width is 30 centimeters, and the height is 20 centimeters; The length of the described flange 1.1 is 16 centimeters, the flange slope 1.4 is 8 centimeters; the web 1.2 is 32 centimeters.
在坡度大于1:2的防浪护坡3时，所述的预制护坡块I1的下表面设置有凹槽段区域2，所述的凹槽段区域2包括位于所述的腹板1.2背面的腹板凹槽段1.2.1和沿两端所述的翼缘1.1背面开挖，且延伸至所述的翼缘斜面1.4的翼缘凹槽段1.1.1。When the slope is greater than 1:2 for the anti-wave slope protection 3, the lower surface of the prefabricated slope protection block I1 is provided with a groove section area 2, and the groove section area 2 includes a web located on the back of the web 1.2 The plate groove section 1.2.1 and the flange groove section 1.1.1 excavated along the back of the flange 1.1 at both ends and extending to the flange slope 1.4.
所述的凹槽段区域2的开挖深度不超过所述的预制护坡块I1的高度的二分之一(H≯1/2D)；所述的腹板凹槽段1.2.1与所述的腹板1.2长度、宽度相同；所述的翼缘凹槽段1.1.1的开挖起点A大于翼缘1.1长度的二分之一(e≮1/2a)。The excavation depth of the groove section area 2 does not exceed 1/2 of the height of the prefabricated slope protection block I1 (H≯1/2D); the web groove section 1.2.1 and the The web 1.2 has the same length and width; the excavation starting point A of the flange groove section 1.1.1 is greater than one-half of the length of the flange 1.1 (e≮1/2a).
本发明还包括一种连锁防浪护坡预制块体系的施工方法，包括如下步骤；The present invention also includes a construction method of the interlocking anti-wave and slope protection prefabricated block system, comprising the following steps;
①、制作护坡预制块：根据预制护坡块I1强度等级合理选择混凝土配合比，按照配合比现场拌合后，将拌和料导入集料仓，再将拌和料平推至钢模板内，通过顶部液压板压制密实后成型，制作出与设计相符的预制护坡块I1；①. Production of slope protection prefabricated blocks: Reasonably select the concrete mix ratio according to the I1 strength grade of the prefabricated slope protection blocks. After mixing on site according to the mix ratio, import the mixture into the aggregate bin, then push the mixture into the steel formwork, and pass the hydraulic pressure on the top. The board is compacted and then formed to produce a prefabricated slope protection block I1 that conforms to the design;
②、预制块养护：预制护坡块I1经机器压制成型后，人工运至平整坚实的预制场地，当预制护坡块I1的强度达到70％后，方可运输至坝面；② Prefabricated block maintenance: After the prefabricated slope protection block I1 is pressed and formed by the machine, it is manually transported to a flat and solid prefabricated site. When the strength of the prefabricated slope protection block I1 reaches 70%, it can be transported to the dam surface;
③、坝面修整：对防浪护坡3坡面进行清理，清除杂草、树根、碎石等杂物，适当修整坝坡面。③ Dam surface repair: Clean up the slope surface of wave protection slope protection 3, remove weeds, tree roots, gravel and other sundries, and properly repair the dam slope surface.
④、确定铺设控制网：利用全站仪及水准测量仪进行测量定位，对防浪护坡3的尺寸进行复核，测放出铺设预制块的水平线和基准线构成的控制网，并对控制点做相应的易于识别的记号，确定防浪护坡3的施工面尺寸，以便确定铺设的护坡块的数量；④. Determine the laying of the control network: use the total station and the leveling instrument to measure and locate, check the size of the anti-wave slope protection 3, measure and release the control network composed of the horizontal line and the reference line of the prefabricated blocks, and make corresponding control points The easy-to-recognize mark of , determine the size of the construction surface of wave protection slope protection 3, so as to determine the number of slope protection blocks laid;
⑤、铺设垫层料：在防浪护坡3上预先铺设有垫层，垫层料选用粒径D＝1mm～20mm且D50＝10mm，含泥量<5％的砂砾石，填筑在防浪护坡3上并且压实，找平防浪护坡3，压实后的垫层层厚10cm；⑤. Paving cushion material: a cushion layer is pre-laid on the anti-wave slope protection 3. The cushion material is sand and gravel with a particle size of D = 1mm to 20mm and D 50 = 10mm, and a mud content of <5%. On the wave protection slope 3 and compact it, level the wave protection slope 3, and the thickness of the compacted cushion layer is 10cm;
压实后垫层厚10cm，铺设垫层的作用主要是①找平坡面②反滤作用，防止护坡中土颗粒被水流带走；After compaction, the thickness of the cushion layer is 10cm, and the function of laying the cushion layer is mainly to ① level the slope surface and ② reverse filter to prevent the soil particles in the slope protection from being carried away by the water flow;
⑥、铺设预制块：铺设时按照预先测定的控制网进行铺设，铺设时按照自下而上的铺设顺序人工铺设预制护坡块I1；⑥ Laying of prefabricated blocks: laying according to the pre-measured control network during laying, and manually laying prefabricated slope protection blocks I1 according to the laying sequence from bottom to top;
⑦、局部空缺浇筑混凝土：对防浪护坡3难以铺设的边角处采用与预制护坡块I1同等强度的混凝土进行填补，以使铺设后防浪护坡3坡面达到平整美观完整的要求。⑦. Concrete pouring in local vacancies: The corners where the wave protection slope protection 3 is difficult to lay are filled with concrete of the same strength as the prefabricated slope protection block I1, so that the slope of the wave protection slope protection 3 can meet the requirements of being flat, beautiful and complete after laying.
在步骤⑥中；所述预制护坡块I1中的腹板1.2的铺设朝向与水流的流向平行，且一侧的两个预制护坡块I1的上端和下端的翼缘1.1卡在另一侧所述的预制护坡块I1中的凹槽段1.3上。In step ⑥; the laying direction of the web 1.2 in the prefabricated slope protection block I1 is parallel to the flow direction of the water flow, and the upper and lower flanges 1.1 of the two prefabricated slope protection blocks I1 on one side are stuck on the other side. On the groove segment 1.3 in the prefabricated slope protection block I1.
在步骤⑥中；铺设所述的防浪护坡3时；所述的防浪护坡3坡面满足2m范围内不平整度控制在在-1到1cm之间。In step ⑥; when laying the anti-wave protection slope 3; the slope surface of the anti-wave protection slope 3 satisfies that the unevenness within the range of 2m is controlled between -1 and 1cm.
应用实例Applications
按照《碾压式土石坝设计规范》(SL274-2001)，对具有明缝的混凝土或钢筋混凝土板护坡，当坝坡坡度系数m＝2～5时，板在浮力作用下稳定的面板厚度可按 According to the "Code for Design of Roller-Compacted Earth-rock Dams" (SL274-2001), for slope protection of concrete or reinforced concrete slabs with open joints, when the slope coefficient of the dam slope is m=2~5, the thickness of the stable slab under buoyancy can be according to
式中：η——系数，对装配式护面板取1.1；In the formula: η—coefficient, 1.1 is taken for the prefabricated armor plate;
hP——累积频率为1％的波高，m；h P — wave height with cumulative frequency of 1%, in m;
Lm——平均波长，m；L m — average wavelength, m;
b——沿坝坡向板长，m；b — length of slab along dam slope, m;
ρc——板的密度，t/m3，ρ c ——the density of the plate, t/m 3 ,
ρw——水的密度，t/m3；ρ w ——the density of water, t/m 3 ;
m——单坡的坡度系数，若坡脚等于α，即等于cotα。m——slope coefficient of a single slope, if the toe of the slope is equal to α, it is equal to cotα.
根据规范公式，在同一工程中，相同的计算条件下，t∝b-1/3，即混凝土护坡块厚度t与护坡块沿坝坡向板长b1/3成反比，也即护坡块沿坝坡向板长b越大，护坡块厚度t越小。According to the code formula, in the same project, under the same calculation conditions, t∝b -1/3 , that is, the thickness t of the concrete slope protection block is inversely proportional to the slab length b 1/3 of the slope protection block along the dam slope, that is, the slope protection block along the slope The greater the length b of the dam slope to the slab, the smaller the thickness t of the slope protection block.
注：对于同一工程，hP、Lm、m、ρc、ρw、η是相同的，t∝b-1/3。Note: For the same project, h P , L m , m, ρ c , ρ w , η are the same, t∝b -1/3 .
根据上述公式，护坡厚度受b(沿坝坡向板长)影响较大；经测算，采用本发明工字型预制块，因增长了沿坝坡向板长，减小了沿坝轴线方向宽度，其厚度比传统六边形预制块可减少近20％，相应减少工程投资。According to the above formula, the slope protection thickness is greatly influenced by b (the slab length along the slope of the dam); after calculation, the I-shaped prefabricated block of the present invention increases the length of the slab along the dam slope and reduces the width along the dam axis , its thickness can be reduced by nearly 20% compared with the traditional hexagonal prefabricated block, which reduces engineering investment accordingly.
某大型水库土石坝运行多年，原干砌石护坡结构破损严重，需进行加固处理。考虑到混凝土预制块护坡耐久性强、且易于施工，设计提出采用工字型连锁混凝土预制块的护坡方式，该工程预制护坡块尺寸为长度L＝80cm，宽度E＝30cm，高度D＝20cm，翼缘长度a＝16cm，腹板长度b＝32cm，腹板宽度f＝18cm，翼缘斜面宽度c＝8cm，倒角的深度h＝1cm，实施后坝面平整美观，取得了非常好的护坡效果。The earth-rock dam of a large reservoir has been in operation for many years, and the original dry-stone slope protection structure was severely damaged and needed to be reinforced. Considering the high durability and easy construction of concrete prefabricated block slope protection, the design proposes the slope protection method of I-shaped interlocking concrete prefabricated blocks. The size of the prefabricated slope protection block in this project is L=80cm in length, E=30cm in width, and D=20cm in height. Flange length a = 16cm, web length b = 32cm, web width f = 18cm, flange slope width c = 8cm, chamfer depth h = 1cm, after the implementation, the dam surface is smooth and beautiful, and a very good slope protection has been achieved Effect.
翼缘斜面1.4开挖处对应的凹槽的坡度小于1:1；The slope of the groove corresponding to the 1.4 excavation of the flange slope is less than 1:1;
若采取相同重量的六边形预制块，预制块立体结构示意图(如图7)。根据《碾压式土石坝设计规》(SL274-2001)附录A.2.3混凝土护坡厚度计算公式计算可得满足条件的六边形预制块的尺寸为边长R＝25cm，厚度J＝24cm，而同等计算条件下的工字型预制块厚度仅需20cm，在护坡块重量相同的情况下，满足同样的抗冲抗浮作用，护坡块厚度减小了20％。同时相较于六边形护坡块，工字型护坡块采用空间咬合互锁的柔性连接方式，增强了护坡结构的整体稳定性，能够有效抵抗坝体沉降变形、冻胀、波浪冲刷、地震等外力破坏。If a hexagonal prefabricated block of the same weight is used, the schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the prefabricated block (as shown in FIG. 7 ). According to the calculation formula of appendix A.2.3 concrete slope protection thickness of "Roller Compacted Earth-rock Dam Design Regulations" (SL274-2001), the size of the hexagonal prefabricated block that meets the conditions can be calculated as side length R = 25cm, thickness J = 24cm, and Under the same calculation conditions, the thickness of the I-shaped prefabricated block is only 20cm. Under the condition of the same weight of the slope protection block, the thickness of the slope protection block is reduced by 20% to meet the same anti-shock and anti-floating effect. At the same time, compared with the hexagonal slope protection block, the I-shaped slope protection block adopts the flexible connection method of spatial interlocking and interlocking, which enhances the overall stability of the slope protection structure and can effectively resist the settlement deformation of the dam body, frost heave, wave erosion, earthquake, etc. Damaged by external forces.
工字型与六边型铺设需求数量统计Statistics on the demand for I-shaped and hexagonal laying
其中工字型预制护坡块I共需要造价约1万元，但是传统的六边形护坡块需要约1万5千元，也验证了工字型预制护坡块I的经济价值高，特别是大面积的铺设时候，具有很好的推广的前景。Among them, the I-shaped prefabricated slope protection block I needs a total cost of about 10,000 yuan, but the traditional hexagonal slope protection block needs about 15,000 yuan. It has also been verified that the economic value of the I-shaped prefabricated slope protection block I is high, especially large When the area is laid, it has a good promotion prospect.
上述未详细说明的部分均为现有技术。The parts not described in detail above are all prior art.
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| CN112709191A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-27 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Prefabricated interlocking piece slope protection system suitable for check dam low reaches dam slope |
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