CN105939986A - Process for the manufacture of hydrochlorofluoroolefins - Google Patents

Process for the manufacture of hydrochlorofluoroolefins Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105939986A
CN105939986A CN201580006311.1A CN201580006311A CN105939986A CN 105939986 A CN105939986 A CN 105939986A CN 201580006311 A CN201580006311 A CN 201580006311A CN 105939986 A CN105939986 A CN 105939986A
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catalyst
trans
group
cis
isomerization
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CN201580006311.1A
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CN105939986B (en
Inventor
M·Y·艾尔希科
P·波内特
J·A·威斯马
S·R·瑟沙德瑞
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Arkema Inc
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Arkema Inc
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/35Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or of halogen atoms in the reaction
    • C07C17/358Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or of halogen atoms in the reaction by isomerisation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/093Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
    • C07C17/20Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
    • C07C17/202Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction
    • C07C17/206Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction the other compound being HX
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C21/00Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms
    • C07C21/02Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C07C21/18Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds containing fluorine

Abstract

The disclosure provides a process for the manufacture of trans 1-chloro3,3,3-trifluoropropene (trans 1233zd) by fluorinating 1230za and/or 240fa to a cis/trans mixture of 1233zd, separating the trans isomer followed by an isomerization of cis 1233zd to trans 1233zd in the fluorination step. The fluorination step is carried out in the gas phase or the liquid phase. The isomerization is carried out in the gas phase with a high surface area heterogeneous Cr catalyst, supported or unsupported.

Description

For the method manufacturing hydrogen chlorine fluoroolefins
Invention field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for manufacturing hydrogen chlorine fluoroolefins.
Background of invention
Montreal Protocol order for ozonosphere protection is phased out the use of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (CFC). The material more " friendly " to ozone layer, such as hydrofluoroalkane (HFC) (such as 134a) instead of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The compound of the latter has turned out to be greenhouse gases, causes global warming and can be subject to the capital about climate change All protocols are administered.Need environmentally to can accept, i.e. there is negligible ODP (ODP) And the substitution material of acceptable low global warming up trend (GWP).The present invention describes for manufacturing Hydrogen chlorine fluoroolefins, the method for trans 1233zd (E-1233zd, 1-chloro-3,3,3 ,-trifluoropropene), this hydrogen chlorine Fluoroolefins is as the foaming agent (for thermosetting and thermoplastic foam), molten of low ODP and low GWP Agent, heat transfer fluid (such as in heat pump) and cold-producing medium (such as the low pressure refrigerant of cooler) It is useful.
US patent publication US 2008/0051610 and US 2008/0103342 discloses following side Method, the method includes the isoversion step of cis 1234ze to trans 1234ze.US 7,420,094 Disclose use catalyst based on Cr and 1234ze is isomerizated into 1234yf.US 2008/0051611 drapes over one's shoulders Reveal and from the mixture including cis 1234ze and trans 1234ze, reclaimed trans 1234ze by distillation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of for manufacturing this hydrogen chlorine fluoroolefins, trans 1-chloro-3,3,3 ,-trifluoropropene (E-1233zd) method.The method includes from cis 1233zd (Z-1233zd) to trans 1233zd (E-1233zd) isomerization steps.
Accompanying drawing summarizes
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the liquid phase process according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the gas phase process according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the liquid phase process of the recirculation including 1233zd according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the gas phase process of the recirculation including 1233zd according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention provides a kind of for manufacturing trans 1-'s chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro propene (E-1233zd) Method.The first step of the method includes 1,1,3,3-tetrachloropropylene (1230za, CCl2=CH-CHCl2) And/or 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (240fa) is fluorinated into cis 1233zd (Z-1233zd) with trans The mixture of 1233zd (E-1233zd).The second step of the method includes to be formed in first step Mixture separate to isolate cis 1233zd (Z-1233zd) from this mixture.The method Third step includes cis 1233zd (Z-1233zd) is isomerizated into trans 1233zd (E-1233zd).
The 1230za used in the first step can pass through CCl4With Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM, CH2=CHCl) forming 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (240fa) (can be by its dehydrochlorination to produce Reaction 1230za) and obtain.
The present invention be directed to a kind of by 1,1,3,3-tetrachloropropylene (1230za), (CCl2=CH-CHCl2) And/or 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (240fa) produces trans 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro propene (E-1233zd) Method, the method comprises the following steps:
A) by 1,1,3,3-tetrachloropropylene (1230za, CCl2=CH-CHCl2) and/or 1,1,1,3,3- Pentachloropropane (240fa) is fluorinated or in the gas phase by 1230za liquid-phase fluorination, to obtain cis (Z) 3,3,3 trifluoro propene (1233zd, CFs chloro-with trans (E) 1-3-CH=CHCl) mixture;Connect ?
B) by cis (Z) 1-chloro-3,3,3 ,-trifluoropropene (1233zd, CF3-CH=CHCl) and anti- Formula (E) 1-chloro-3,3,3 ,-trifluoropropene (1233zd, CF3-CH=CHCl) separate;Then
C) cis 1233zd (Z-1233zd) isomerization from second step is trans to be formed 1233zd(E-1233zd)。
The first step of the method, is 1233zd or general by 1230za and/or 240fa gas phase fluorination 1230za liquid-phase fluorination is 12333zd, can carry out by means of any method known in the art.Example As: in the US patent No. 5,877,359, disclose the uncatalyzed liquid-phase fluorination of 1230za;At US The patent No. 5,811,603 discloses the gas phase fluorination of the catalysis of 1230za;The US patent No. 6,166,274 Disclose and in the presence of catalyst (such as trifluoroacetic acid or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid), 1230za is fluorinated into 1233zd.Fluorination catalyst, such as TiCl4、TiF4、SnCl4、SnF4、SbF5、SbCl5、SbFxCly Or ionic liquid is described in U.S. Patent number 6,881,698 (x+y=5).Work as use During the catalyst of Sb type, preferably feed low-level Cl2So that these Sb species are maintained work Property form.
The second step of the method includes the cis 1233zd formed in first step and trans 1233zd is separated by suitable separation means (as distillation, liquid phase separation or extraction separate). The cis 1233zd and the trans 1233zd that are formed in the first step may comprise HF and HCl.Preferably Ground, first removes HCl in the first distillation column.Hereafter, it is possible to use combine azeotropic distillation Liquid phase separation removes HF.The boiling point difference of cis 1233zd and trans 1233zd allows them to By conventional distillation, the most under atmospheric pressure separated.
The third step of the method relates to being isomerizated into trans by the cis 1233zd from second step 1233zd.This isomerization steps can use heterogeneous or homogeneous in gas phase or liquid phase accordingly Catalyst is carried out.
This isomerization steps is to use gas phase process attainable in the presence of heterogeneous catalysis. Suitable heterogeneous catalysis is the high surface Cr of support type or non-loading type(III)Catalyst, this catalysis Agent can optionally comprise one or more promoters low-level, these promoters selected from cobalt, Nickel, zinc or manganese.For loaded catalyst, this catalyst carrier can be selected from being known in the art The material compatible with high temperature and pressure process.Such as, the work that the aluminium oxide of fluorination, HF processed Property charcoal or carbon graphite are suitable catalyst carriers.Preferably catalyst is the unsupported of high surface Chromium oxide catalyst, it activates with HF before use, is optionally at the pressure higher than 50psi Under.When it is present, the level of promoter can be from the 1wt% to 10wt% of this catalyst, preferably Ground changes from 1wt% to 5wt%.Promoter can add this by method as known in the art and urge Agent, as adsorbed, then carrying out solvent evaporation from aqueous or organic solvent.
Suitably heterogeneous catalysis is also selected from: selected from SbV、TiIV、SnIV、MoVI、Nbv And TavLewis acid load catalyst.Carrier itself is selected from lower group, and this group is: be such as fluorinated Aluminium oxide, the chromium oxide of fluorination, HF activated carbon or graphitic carbon.The antimony halogenide of load is (such as SbF5) The US patent No. 6,528,691 is described and it is preferred catalyst.Can also be used it His solid catalyst, asType polymer, acidic molecular sieve and zeolite.
For this gas phase process, temperature can be between 20 DEG C-500 DEG C, preferably at 100 DEG C-400 DEG C Between change.Time of contact can be from change in 0.5 to 100 second.Can be with the volume hundred between 0.01-0.1 Proportion by subtraction uses low-level oxidant (such as oxygen or oxygen-containing gas such as air, or chlorine) to extend this catalysis The life-span of agent.
This isomerization steps is also attainable in liquid phase process in the presence of homogeneous catalyst, and this is equal Phase catalyst is preferably chosen from the 3rd, 4,5,13,14 and 15 of the periodic table of elements (IUPAC 1988) The metallic compound of race and their mixture (be previously referred to as IIIA, IVa, IVb, Va, Vb and The race of the periodic table of elements of VIb).The compound of these metals be intended to include these metals hydroxide, Oxide and organic or inorganic salt, together with their mixture.Preferably aluminum, titanium, tantalum, molybdenum, Boron, stannum and antimony derivant, such as AlCl3、TiCl4、TaCl5、MoCl6、BF3、SnCl4, and SbCl5. In the method according to the invention, preferred metal derivative be salt and these be preferably chosen from halogenide also And it is chosen more particularly from chloride, fluoride and chlorofluoride, such as AlF3、TiF4、TaF5、MoF6、SnF4、 SbF5、SbFxCly(x+y)=5.This catalyst must stand activation before isomerization steps and (pass through HF Maybe can exchange any molecule of fluorine).In the case of the catalyst of antimony type, it is possible to use low-level This antimony catalyst is maintained the oxidation state of pentavalent by chlorine as oxidant.Except above-mentioned lewis acid is urged Outside agent, the ionic liquid derived from antimony, titanium, niobium and tantalum is also suitable for liquid-phase fluorination process.Special at US Profit number 6,881,698 discloses the explanation preparing this kind of catalyst.
Homogeneous catalyst for liquid phase process is also selected from the acid of Bronsted categorical series, as (but It is not limited to) sulphuric acid H2SO4;The acid of sulfonic acid type, such as ClSO3H or FSO3H or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid CF3SO3H or methanesulfonic acid CH3SO3H.For this liquid phase process, operation temperature can be at about 20 DEG C-200 DEG C Between change, wherein time of contact is between about 0.5-50 hour.
Isomerization is it is also possible that in primary 1233zd reactor, or in gas phase or completes in the liquid phase. This allows to be recycled back in these primary reactions by isolated Z-1233zd and avoided for individually The demand of isomerization reactor RI-1 and RI-2.See Fig. 3 and 4.It is believed that this recirculation will cause Z-1233zd horizontal accumulation to reaching ability, after this this Z-1233zd will in RFL-1 or RFG-2 with Form its same speed isomerization.
The method of the present invention can include the separating step added between each step.These mesh separated May is that
1. from this stream, completely or partially remove any hydracid (HF, HCl), if require Words, or
2. isolate desired product to be fed in step subsequently, or
3. purified product and remove organic impurities or by-product, or
4. desciccate (H2The removal of O).
The means being used for realizing these additional steps are known in the art and include but not limited to: distillation, Extractive distillation or absorption.
The method of the present invention illustrates in the accompanying drawings, and these accompanying drawings list the gas phase according to the present invention and liquid The frame flow chart of phase process.Process in these figures is to list with the form of procedure module, these moulds Block is designed to realize specific purpose and is the method according to the invention and arranges.These module bags Include:
RFL-includes liquid phase fluorination reactor and distillation system, and this distillation system includes being connected on rectifying column Without stirring jacketed pressure container.This reactor also serves as the reboiler of this rectifying column.By HF and having Machine thing (1230za) is directly fed in this reactor.HF and organic molar feed ratio are by reacting Stoichiometry and leave the amount of HF of this reactor and the overhead of rectifying column and liquid phase purge (purge) instruction.Mixing is provided by the wallop of reactor content.For the overwhelming majority, instead Device ejection is answered to leave this reactor vessel as gas and enter the bottom of this rectifying column.From liquid phase A small amount of purge can remove any nonvolatile matter that may be formed in this course of reaction.This rectifying column Comprising filler or tower tray, these fillers or tower tray are designed to provide between up flow type gas and downflow system liquid Good quality transmission.Condenser in this column top leads to supercooled water, chilled water or certain type of system Cool down.This condenser is fractional condenser, and wherein this liquid emission is directly recirculated back in this post. Steam ejection is made up of HCl, HF and multiple organic component.
DH-includes that HCl Distallation systm, the purest HCl are removed from the top of distillation column.This Post can run between 100psig and 300psig.More typically, this HCl is higher than 120psig Under be distilled to allow to use conventional (-40C) refrigeration at the top of this HCl post.The end of this post Portion's thing comprises HF and Organic substance and a small amount of remaining HCl.The ratio of HF and organic component is typically It is to form close to azeotropic.
PS-include liquid phase separator in order to separate two liquid phases, one is main by HCFC (HCFC) Form and another is mainly made up of HF.This HF phase is typically the densest, and so it is from this The top of phase separator is left and HCFC leaves mutually as bottom.HCFC phase exists HF and there are some HCFC in the HF phase.But, the composition of the two phase and any azeotropic group One-tenth differs greatly.The operation temperature of this phase separator can be between-40 DEG C and+20 DEG C.But, Temperature is the lowest, is separated the best.
DA-includes azeotropic distillation post, and this post distills out HF and organic Azeotrope compositions at top, This Organic substance is made up of one or more HCFC (HCFC) and HFC (hydrofluoroalkane).This A little organic compound can be saturated or olefinic.Bottoms compositions or be entirely HF or complete Organic substance entirely, depend on the feed composition of this post be at this azeotropic mixture rich in HF side also It is rich in Organic substance side.If bottoms is HF, this stream is the most generally made to be recycled back into this anti- Answer device.If bottoms is Organic substance, then it is passed to Distallation systm (the distillation of routine train)。
DS-includes the straight run generally completed under stress.
RI-includes that gas phase isomerization is reacted, this reaction typically at a temperature of higher than 400 DEG C in thermal insulation Packed bed reactor in complete.This module is by feeding vaporizer and superheater forms.It can include " saver ", thus the ejection of heat is fed to the side of heat exchanger and relatively cool anti- Device feed gas is answered to be fed to opposite side.The gas of discharge is cold taking a step forward of entrance distillation column But.Isomerization reaction can be carried out with the conversion ratio of change according to the equilibrium assignmen of isomer.These The isomer discharged can have boiling point the most closely.But, they typically show and connect Nearly preferably behavior, therefore can be separated by conventional distillation.As the replacement scheme of this gas phase, This reaction can complete as the liquid phase reactor of homogeneous catalysis.In this configuration, this reactor will Being the tank of continuous stirring, wherein ejection is removed to realize separating with this catalyst as steam.
RFG-includes gas phase fluorination device, and this reactor is by above gas-phase feed to solid catalyst Adiabatic packed bed reactor.Need not cooling, because this reactor has low conversion per pass And high HF molar feed ratio.This heat-insulating heat release is typically less than 100 DEG C.Charging HF Evaporate in common vaporizer with Organic substance and be heated excessively to this temperature of reactor.This common steaming If sending out device to allow 1230za and/or 240fa possible temperature when being evaporated as pure component than it Evaporate under degree lower temperature, thus make thermal degradation minimize.This module can also include " saving Device ", thus the ejection of heat is fed to the side of heat exchanger and relatively cool reactor enters Material gas is fed to opposite side.By the gas of discharge in the cooling that takes a step forward entering distillation column.Instead Answering temperature is between 200 DEG C and 400 DEG C.This pressure is sufficiently high to allow HCl by-product by often The refrigeration (preferably between 100psig and 200pisg) of rule is distilled.
Being used for identifying the lower case of these modules, to have distinguished the module of same type in same process many Secondary appearance.
Fig. 1 is the side that 1230za is changed into E-1233zd by liquid-phase fluorination step used according to the invention The frame flow chart of method.This figure combines and is as described above procedure module.Fig. 1 discloses one Method, is wherein fed to 1230za and HF in reaction module RFL-1.Typically, this reaction exists Mainly occur under there is no catalyst rich in the medium of HF.HCl and 1233zd/HF leaves RFL-1 The top of rectifying column.The steam ejection of RFL-1 enters DH-1 so that using HCl as pure tower top Product removes.The bottoms of DH-1 is mainly by 1233zd (E and the Z isomer two formed close to azeotropic Person) and HF composition.It is fed in module PS-1 to carry out liquid phase separation.By the richness at top Delivering to module DA-1a mutually containing HF, HF is separated as bottoms there, for recirculation To this reactor.The azeotropic mixture of 1233zd Yu HF at top is recycled back into DH-1, to permit Permitted the HCl of any remnants and lightweight Organic substance before this azeotropic mixture is recycled to be separated at this Post is stripped out.Bottoms from PS-1 enters module DA-1b, and this module will lack The organic streams of HF removes as bottoms.It is recycled to DH-1 for by DA-1a azeotropic mixture Same cause, the overhead from DA-1b is recycled to DH-1.By the end of DA-1b Portion's thing delivers to procedure module DS-1, and any heavier substances is separated by this module with 1233zd.From DS-1 Overhead be E-1233zd, desired transisomer.Z-1233zd be higher boiling also And be recycled for being fed to procedure module RI-1.Ejection from this isomerization reactor is followed again Ring is to DS-1, and this module carries out E and separates with Z isomer.
Alternately, as figure 3 illustrates, the Z-1233zd from DS-1 can be directly by again Being recycled in RFL-1, wherein isomerization can occur so that by the Z-1233zd concentration in RFL-1 It is restricted to equilibrium level.
Fig. 2 is that 1230za or 240fa is changed into by gas phase fluorination step used according to the invention The frame flow chart of the method for E-1233zd.This figure combines and is as described above procedure module.? In Fig. 2, the method is similar to Fig. 1, except such as this liquid phase fluorination reactor (RFL-1) is by gas phase Fluorination reactor (RFG-1) and azeotropic distillation post (DA-2a) are substituted.
The method summarized such as Fig. 2 includes being fed to 1230za and/or 240fa and HF react mould In block RFG-2.This reaction uses catalyst to carry out in the gas phase.Reactor ejection mainly by HCl, The HF composition of 1233zd, unreacted 1230za and excess.The reactor ejection of RFG-2 enters Enter in DA-2a HF and unreacted F1230za to be removed as bottoms, bottom this Thing is recycled to this reactor.Will be mainly by HCl and HF and 1233zd (E and Z isomer two Person) azeotropic mixture composition overhead deliver to DH-2, this module using HCl as pure tower Top product removes.The bottoms of DH-2 is mainly by 1233zd (E and the Z isomer formed close to azeotropic The two) and HF composition.It is fed in module PS-2 to carry out liquid phase separation.Top is rich Delivering to module DA-2b mutually containing HF, HF is separated as bottoms there, for recirculation To this reactor.The azeotropic mixture of 1233zd Yu HF at top is recycled back into DH-2, to permit Permitted the HCl of any remnants and lightweight Organic substance before this azeotropic mixture is recycled to be separated at this Post is stripped out.Bottoms from PS-2 enters module DA-2c, and this module will lack The organic streams of HF removes as bottoms.It is recycled to DH-2 for by DA-2b azeotropic mixture Same cause, the overhead from DA-2c is recycled to DH-2.By the end of DA-2c Portion's thing delivers to procedure module DS-2, and any heavier substances is separated by this module with 1233zd.From DS-2 Overhead be E-1233zd, desired transisomer.Z-1233zd be higher boiling also And be recycled for feeding to procedure module RI-2.Ejection from this isomerization reactor is followed again Ring is to DS-2, and this module carries out E and separates with Z isomer.
Alternately, as figure 4 illustrates, Z-1233zd can directly be recycled to RFL-2 In, wherein isomerization can occur so that the Z-1233zd concentration in RFL-2 is restricted to equilibrium water Flat.

Claims (8)

1. one kind is used for by 1,1,3,3-tetrachloropropylene (1230za) and/or 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (240fa) method manufacturing chloro-3,3,3 trifluoro propenes (E-1233zd) of trans 1-, the method includes Following steps:
By 1,1,3,3-tetrachloropropylene (1230za) and/or 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (240fa) is fluorinated into bag Containing cis 1233zd (Z-1233zd) and the mixture of trans 1233zd (E-1233zd);Then
Described cis 1233zd (Z-1233zd) is separated with described trans 1233zd (E-1233zd); Then
Described cis 1233zd (Z-1233zd) is recycled to wherein by described cis 1233zd (Z-1233zd) in the isomerization described fluorination step with the trans 1233zd of formation (E-1233zd).
2. the method for claim 1, wherein said fluorination step is to enter in gas phase or liquid phase Row.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said fluorination step is to use in the liquid phase to be selected from The homogeneous catalyst of lower group is carried out, and this group is made up of the following: solvable lewis acid catalyst and Bronsted acid catalyst.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said solvable lewis acid catalyst is selected from SbV、TiIV、SnIV、MoVI、NbV、TaV, oxide carried catalyst, the aluminium oxide of fluorination, fluorine The chromium oxide changed, fluoridized activated carbon, graphitic carbon, SiC, Sb5
5. method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said oxide carried catalyst is selected from lower group, This group is by Al2O3And TiO2Composition.
6. method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said Bronsted acid catalyst is selected from lower group, This group is made up of the following: trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, sulphuric acid and sulfonic acid.
7. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said isomerization is to use high surface in the gas phase Long-pending support type or the heterogeneous Cr catalyst of non-loading type are carried out.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said catalyst farther includes selected from lower group Promoter, this group is made up of the following: Co, Ni, Zn and Mn.
CN201580006311.1A 2014-01-29 2015-01-28 Method for manufacturing hydro-chloro fluoroolefin Active CN105939986B (en)

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US14/167,150 US8987534B2 (en) 2008-11-19 2014-01-29 Process for the manufacture of hydrochlorofluoroolefins
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PCT/US2015/013202 WO2015116629A1 (en) 2014-01-29 2015-01-28 Process for the manufacture of hydrochlorofluoroolefins

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