CN105938079B - The apparent viscosity of foam aluminum melt and the real-time measurement apparatus of porosity and method - Google Patents
The apparent viscosity of foam aluminum melt and the real-time measurement apparatus of porosity and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105938079B CN105938079B CN201610498695.XA CN201610498695A CN105938079B CN 105938079 B CN105938079 B CN 105938079B CN 201610498695 A CN201610498695 A CN 201610498695A CN 105938079 B CN105938079 B CN 105938079B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
- G01N11/14—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of apparent viscosity of foam aluminum melt and the real-time measurement apparatus of porosity, aluminium melting furnace, agitating paddle, stent, motor controller, computer, laser range finder, heat-proof device, torquemeter and motor including being equipped with crucible；Laser range finder is connected to the one side of torque sensor；Agitating paddle is located in crucible, and heat-proof device is located above aluminium melting furnace, and covers at the top of aluminium melting furnace；The shaft of agitating paddle passes through heat-proof device, the load axis connection with torquemeter, and the power output shaft of motor and the power input shaft of torquemeter connect；Heat-proof device is equipped with through hole, and the transmitting terminal of laser range finder is opposite with the through hole；The encoder port of motor is connected with the input port of motor controller, and the output port of motor controller and the power input port of motor connect；Computer receives laser range finder, torquemeter, the data of motor controller acquisition.Foamed aluminium can be measured in foaming process medium viscosity and porosity using the measuring device.
Description
Technical field
Rheological equationm of state measurement more particularly to a kind of foamed aluminium the present invention relates to gas-liquid two-phase fluid are glued in foaming process
The measuring device and measuring method of degree and porosity.
Background technology
Metal (aluminium) foam melt is a kind of gas-liquid two-phase fluid-mixing, it is by molten metals in liquid state (aluminium) and gas
(hydrogen) composition.
Molten metal (aluminium) usually can be regarded as a kind of Newtonian fluid.Conventional rotary viscosimeter instrument is (as long as test temperature
Degree reaches requirement) its viscosity coefficient can be measured.
The rheological equationm of state of (liquid) foam is then increasingly complex.When air content (gas volume percentage) is relatively low, foam is in
The feature of existing simple fluid；When air content is higher, foam shows the ability of the resistance shear action not available for simple fluid,
And significant shear thinning is shown, therefore be a kind of complex fluid.Foam is a kind of thermodynamic instability system in itself, foam
Phenomena such as internal spontaneous drain, merging, roughening, sliding, brings difficulty to rheometer test experiment.At present, for air content compared with
Height (φ>90%) room temperature water bubble, its is apparent viscous using structure measurements such as parallel-plate, cone-plate, agitating vane-buckets by someone
Spend coefficient (and yield stress).Relatively low (the φ of air content<90%) water bubble there is no phase since structure and property are more unstable
Close test report.
Metal foam melt is in addition to the general features for possessing water bubble, also with high temperature, opaque, prolonged expansion (gas
Body percent by volume from about 50% sustainable growth to about 80%), the special natures such as rheological equationm of state successional change, therefore rheometer test
It is more difficult, dependence test there is no to report.
The content of the invention
Technical problem：The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：There is provided a kind of foamed aluminium in foaming process medium viscosity and
The measuring device and measuring method of porosity, using the measuring device can measure in real time foamed aluminium in foaming process medium viscosity and
Porosity.
Technical solution：In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present invention uses following technical solution：
A kind of apparent viscosity of foam aluminum melt and the real-time measurement apparatus of porosity, the measuring device include being equipped with crucible
Aluminium melting furnace, agitating paddle, stent, motor controller, computer, laser range finder and be connected to stent in turn from bottom to top
On heat-proof device, torquemeter and motor；Laser range finder is connected to the one side of torque sensor；Agitating paddle is located in crucible,
Heat-proof device is located above aluminium melting furnace, and covers at the top of aluminium melting furnace；The shaft of agitating paddle passes through heat-proof device, negative with torquemeter
It carries axis to connect by shaft coupling, the power output shaft of motor and the power input shaft of torquemeter are connected by shaft coupling；Heat-insulated dress
It puts and is equipped with through hole, the transmitting terminal of laser range finder is opposite with the through hole；The encoder port of motor is defeated with motor controller
Inbound port is connected, and the output port of motor controller and the power input port of motor connect；Computer receives laser ranging
Instrument, torquemeter, the data of motor controller acquisition.
As preference, the motor controller is used for the rotating speed of measurement motor, and the laser range finder is used to survey
It measures in foaming process, the height of foamed aluminium, the torquemeter is for measuring in foaming process, and the blade of agitating paddle is in foamed aluminium
Suffered torque is rotated in melt.
As preference, the range of speeds of the motor is 0.2rpm -200rpm.
As preference, apparent viscosity is obtained according to formula：
Wherein, η (t) represents apparent viscosity, σbcRepresent average shear stress,It represents average shear rate, is obtained according to formula
Obtain σbc, obtained according to formula
Wherein, L represents the length of each blade, and D represents crucible internal diameter,D represents the diameter of blade, and M (t) is represented
Blade is subject to the torque of foam aluminum melt when rotating, Ω represents the rotating speed of blade.
As preference, porosity φ (t) is measured according to formula：
Wherein, S0For laser range finder transmitting terminal to crucible bottom distance, S1For under unexpanded state, laser range finder is sent out
End is penetrated to the molten aluminum liquid liquid level distance in crucible, S (t) represents t moment, laser range finder transmitting terminal to foam aluminum melt away from
From.
As preference, blade in the agitating paddle is cross quaterfoil, and the equal length of four blades.
A kind of apparent viscosity of foam aluminum melt and the method for real-time measurement of porosity, the measuring method include following step
Suddenly：
Commercial-purity aluminium is placed in the crucible in aluminium melting furnace by step 10), and aluminum melt is formed after fusing, is kept the temperature to 675 ± 1
DEG C, then the calcium grain that mass fraction is 2% is added in into aluminum melt, it is persistently stirred evenly using foaming agitating device；
Step 20) adds in the TiH that mass fraction is 1.8% into aluminum melt2Powder is stirred using foaming agitating device,
Make TiH2Powder is dispersed in aluminum melt, is stirred aluminum melt with 1000rpm rotating speeds, is formed aluminum melt foam；
Step 30) inserts the agitating paddle that temperature is 675 ± 1 DEG C in aluminum melt foam, and starts motor and drive agitating paddle
Blade rotates；
Step 40) is in foaming process, and using the height of laser range finder measurement foam, torquemeter measurement blade is suffered to be turned round
Square, the speed that motor controller control motor is rotated with movable vane piece, then calculate foamed aluminium apparent viscosity and hole in foaming process
Gap rate.
As preference, the apparent viscosity of foam aluminum melt and the method for real-time measurement of porosity further include step
It is rapid 50)：Return to step 40), the foamed aluminium in different time points apparent viscosity and porosity in foaming process are measured, until hair
Bubble process terminates, and stops test；It is y-axis by the apparent viscosity value measured in measurement process and porosity, time t maps for x-axis,
Obtain the relation lines figure of porosity and apparent viscosity.
As preference, in the step 10), the range of speeds of foaming agitating device is 400-500rpm；Described
In step 20), the range of speeds of foaming agitating device is 1000-1200rpm.
As preference, in the step 30), the range of speeds of motor is 0.2rpm -200rpm；The step
40) in, the range of speeds of motor is 0.2-200rpm.
Advantageous effect：Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：The measuring device of the present embodiment can be with
Foamed aluminium is measured in foaming process medium viscosity and porosity.The measuring device of the present embodiment has the property to work in high temperature environments
Can, solve the problems, such as that common viscosimeter cannot measure in high temperature environments on the market.Meanwhile the measuring method can be measured and held
The viscosity of the complicated two-phase fluid of continuous growth is of great significance to the change of properties in research foamed aluminium generating process.In addition,
The measuring method can obtain the relation between viscosity-porosity of the foam aluminum melt in growth course, make quantitative control bubble
Foam aluminium porosity and foam constructed of aluminium are possibly realized.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of measuring device in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is foaming agitating device and the position view of aluminium melting furnace in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the torque that measuring method obtains in the embodiment of the present invention, porosity versus time curve figure.
Have in figure：Aluminium melting furnace 1, foaming agitating device 2, agitating paddle 3, stent 4, motor controller 5, computer 6, heat-insulated dress
Put 7, laser range finder 8, torquemeter 9, motor 10, crucible 11.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of foamed aluminium of the embodiment of the present invention is in foaming process medium viscosity and the measuring device of porosity,
Including being equipped with the aluminium melting furnace 1 of crucible 11, agitating paddle 3, stent 4, motor controller 5, computer 6, laser range finder 8, Yi Jicong
Heat-proof device 7, torquemeter 9 and the motor 10 being connected in turn upwards down on stent 4.Laser range finder 8 is connected to torque sensing
The one side of device.
Agitating paddle 3 is located in crucible 11.It is preferred that the blade of agitating paddle 3 is cross quaterfoil, and the length of four blades
It is equal.Heat-proof device 7 is located at 1 top of aluminium melting furnace, and covers at 1 top of aluminium melting furnace；The shaft of agitating paddle 3 passes through heat-proof device 7, with
The bearing axle of torquemeter 9 is connected by shaft coupling, and the power output shaft of motor 10 passes through shaft coupling with the power input shaft of torquemeter 9
Device connects；Heat-proof device 7 is equipped with through hole, and the transmitting terminal of laser range finder 8 is opposite with the through hole；The encoder port of motor 10
It is connected with the input port of motor controller 5, the output port of motor controller 5 connects with the power input port of motor 10
It connects；Computer 6 receives the data that laser range finder 8, torquemeter 9, motor controller 5 gather.
In above-described embodiment, the crucible of aluminium melting furnace 1 foams wherein for holding metallic aluminium, generates foamed aluminium.
Motor controller 5 is used for the rotating speed of measurement motor 10.Motor 10 generates foamed aluminium for agitating paddle 3 to be driven to rotate.The electricity
The range of speeds of machine is 0.2rpm -200rpm.Laser range finder 8 is for measuring in foaming process, the height of foamed aluminium.Torque
Instrument 9 is for measuring in foaming process, the torque of foamed aluminium suffered by shaft.Heat-proof device 7 is used to stop high temperature heat source in crucible
Heat radiation, so as to protect torquemeter 9.The number that 6 real-time reception laser range finder 8 of computer, torquemeter 9, motor controller 5 gather
According to.
In above-described embodiment, viscosity is measured according to formula (1)：
Wherein, η (t) be apparent viscosity, σbcFor average shear stress,For average shear rate, obtained according to formula (2)
σbc, obtained according to formula (3)
Wherein, L represents the length of each blade,；D represents crucible internal diameter,D represents the diameter of blade, and M (t) is represented
Blade is subject to the torque of foam aluminum melt when rotating, Ω represents the rotating speed of blade.
Porosity is measured according to formula (4)：
Wherein, S0For 8 transmitting terminal of laser range finder to crucible bottom distance, S1For under unexpanded state, laser range finder 8
Molten aluminum liquid liquid level distance in transmitting terminal to crucible, S (t) represent t moment, 8 transmitting terminal of laser range finder to foam aluminum melt
Distance.
In above-mentioned measuring device, motor 10, torquemeter 9 and agitating paddle 3 form coaxial integral device from top to bottom successively.It surveys
During amount, coaxial integral device is installed to above crucible, agitating paddle 3 is immersed in foam aluminum melt.Laser range finder 8 is located at coaxial
Above integral device, transmitting laser is irradiated to foam aluminium melt surface by the through hole of axis one side.
Computer sends control command by serial ports, controls the working condition of laser range finder 8 and torquemeter 9.Laser Measuring
The distance signal measured is passed to computer 6 once by distance meter 8 per 0.5s, 6 recording distance signal of computer and receiving time.By electricity
The encoder that machine carries measures motor speed signal and is sent to motor controller 5 in real time, motor controller 5 to motor speed into
Row is reconciled, and tach signal is passed to computer 6 once by motor controller per 0.5s, and computer 6 records tach signal and time.It turns round
Torque signal is passed to computer 6 once by square instrument 9 per 0.5s, and computer 6 records torque signal and receiving time.Computer preserves
All data.
The measuring device measurement foamed aluminium of above-described embodiment is in foaming process medium viscosity and the method for porosity, including following
Step：
Commercial-purity aluminium is placed in the crucible in aluminium melting furnace by step 10), and aluminum melt is formed after fusing, is kept the temperature to 675 ± 1
DEG C, then the calcium grain that mass fraction is 2% is added in into aluminum melt, aluminum melt is persistently stirred, calcium grain is made to be uniformly dispersed；Add in calcium grain
Increasing stick effect can be reached.
Step 20) adds in the TiH that mass fraction is 1.8% into aluminum melt2Powder is stirred using foaming agitating device,
Make TiH2Powder is dispersed in aluminum melt, is stirred aluminum melt with 1000rpm rotating speeds, is formed aluminum melt foam.
The cross quaterfoil that temperature is 675 ± 1 DEG C is stirred paddle structure and inserted in aluminum melt foam by step 30), and is opened
Dynamic motor band movable vane piece rotates.
Step 40) is in foaming process, and using the height of laser range finder measurement foam, torquemeter measurement blade is suffered to be turned round
Square, the speed that motor controller control motor is rotated with movable vane piece, then foamed aluminium is calculated in foaming process medium viscosity and porosity.
It is 675 ± 1 DEG C that in-furnace temperature is kept in entire measurement process, during melt bubble growth to Metacentre Height, is then foamed
Process terminates, and stops measurement.
Viscosity is measured according to formula (1)：
Wherein, η (t) be apparent viscosity, σbcRepresent average shear stress,Average shear rate is represented, according to formula (2)
Obtain σbc, obtained according to formula (3)
Wherein, L represents the length of each blade, and D represents crucible internal diameter,D represents the diameter of blade, M (t) tables
Show the torque for being subject to foam aluminum melt when blade rotates, Ω represents the rotating speed of blade.
Porosity is measured according to formula (4)：
Wherein, S0For 8 transmitting terminal of laser range finder to crucible bottom distance, S1For under unexpanded state, laser range finder 8
Molten aluminum liquid liquid level distance in transmitting terminal to crucible, S (t) represent t moment, 8 transmitting terminal of laser range finder to foam aluminum melt
Distance.
In above-described embodiment, in the step 10), the range of speeds of foaming agitating device 2 is 400-500rpm, is used for
Mix tackifier.In the step 20), the range of speeds of foaming agitating device 2 is 1000-1200rpm, for quickly sending out
Bubble.
In the step 30), the range of speeds of motor is 0.2rpm -200rpm；In the step 40), motor 10
The range of speeds be 0.2-200rpm.
The measuring method of above-described embodiment, further includes step 50)：Return to step 40), measure the foam in different time points
Aluminium is in foaming process medium viscosity and porosity, until foaming process terminates, stops test；The viscosity number that will be measured in measurement process
It is y-axis with porosity, time t maps for x-axis, obtains the relation lines figure of porosity and viscosity.Porosity is that foam is most important
One of physical characteristic parameter.When porosity changes, the physical property of foam will also change correspondingly.Therefore, porosity-table is established
The relation lines figure of viscosity is seen, it being capable of the porosity of quick obtaining foam and the relation of apparent viscosity.
In above-mentioned measuring method, foaming agitating device 2 is located at 1 top of aluminium melting furnace, horizontally moveable.It, will when needing stirring
Foaming agitating device 2 is moved to directly over foam aluminum melt.When need not stir, foaming agitating device 2 is removed.
Above-mentioned measuring method successfully measures the apparent viscosity of the liquid foam of air content relatively low (air content is less than 90%)
And yield stress.Meanwhile (air content is 50%~80%) liquid foam that air content persistently changes is measured by step 50)
Apparent viscosity and yield stress.
Using the method for the embodiment of the present invention, agitating paddle is inserted, opens motor and controller, torquemeter, laser range finder,
Making motor, computer records torquemeter signal and distance signal in real time according to default speed uniform rotation.Experiment is measured
Torque value-time data bring formula (1) into, apparent viscosity-time data can be obtained.Height-the time measured will be tested
Data bring formula (4) into, can obtain porosity-time data.By apparent viscosity-time data and porosity-time number
According to Y profile in pairs is drawn, as shown in Figure 3.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.Those skilled in the art should
Understand, the present invention from above-mentioned specific embodiment limitation, the description in above-mentioned specific embodiment and specification be intended merely into
One step illustrates the principle of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also have various change and
It improves, these changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The scope of protection of present invention will by right
Ask book and its equivalent thereof.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of apparent viscosity of foam aluminum melt and the real-time measurement apparatus of porosity, which is characterized in that the measuring device bag
Include the aluminium melting furnace (1) equipped with crucible (11), agitating paddle (3), stent (4), motor controller (5), computer (6), laser ranging
Instrument (8) and the heat-proof device (7) being connected in turn from bottom to top on stent (4), torquemeter (9) and motor (10)；Laser Measuring
Distance meter (8) is connected to the one side of torque sensor；
Agitating paddle (3) is located in crucible (11), and heat-proof device (7) is located above aluminium melting furnace (1), and covers at the top of aluminium melting furnace (1)；
The shaft of agitating paddle (3) passes through heat-proof device (7), is connected with the bearing axle of torquemeter (9) by shaft coupling, and motor (10) moves
Power output shaft is connected with the power input shaft of torquemeter (9) by shaft coupling；Heat-proof device (7) is equipped with through hole, laser ranging
The transmitting terminal of instrument (8) is opposite with the through hole；The encoder port of motor (10) is connected with the input port of motor controller (5)
It connects, the output port of motor controller (5) is connected with the power input port of motor (10)；Computer (6) receives laser ranging
Instrument (8), torquemeter (9), the data of motor controller (5) acquisition；
Apparent viscosity is obtained according to formula (1)：
Wherein, η (t) represents apparent viscosity, σbcRepresent average shear stress,It represents average shear rate, is obtained according to formula (2)
σbc, obtained according to formula (3)
Wherein, L represents the length of each blade, and D represents crucible internal diameter,D represents the diameter of blade, and M (t) represents blade
It is subject to the torque of foam aluminum melt during rotation, Ω represents the rotating speed of blade.
2. the apparent viscosity of foam aluminum melt described in accordance with the claim 1 and the real-time measurement apparatus of porosity, feature exist
In the motor controller (5) is used for the rotating speed of measurement motor (10), and the laser range finder (8) foams for measuring
In the process, the height of foamed aluminium, the torquemeter (9) is for measuring in foaming process, and the blade of agitating paddle (3) is in foamed aluminium
Suffered torque is rotated in melt.
3. the apparent viscosity of foam aluminum melt described in accordance with the claim 1 and the real-time measurement apparatus of porosity, feature exist
In the range of speeds of the motor is 0.2rpm -200rpm.
4. the apparent viscosity of foam aluminum melt described in accordance with the claim 1 and the real-time measurement apparatus of porosity, feature exist
According to formula (4) measurement porosity φ (t)：
Wherein, S0For laser range finder (8) transmitting terminal to crucible bottom distance, S1For under unexpanded state, laser range finder (8)
Molten aluminum liquid liquid level distance in transmitting terminal to crucible, S (t) represent t moment, and laser range finder (8) transmitting terminal is melted to foamed aluminium
Body distance.
5. the real-time measurement of the apparent viscosity and porosity according to the foam aluminum melt any one of claim 1-4
Device, which is characterized in that blade in the agitating paddle (3) is cross quaterfoil, and the equal length of four blades.
6. a kind of apparent viscosity of foam aluminum melt and the method for real-time measurement of porosity, which is characterized in that the measuring method bag
Include following steps：
Commercial-purity aluminium is placed in the crucible in aluminium melting furnace by step 10), and aluminum melt is formed after fusing, is kept the temperature to 675 ± 1 DEG C, then
The calcium grain that mass fraction is 2% is added in into aluminum melt, is persistently stirred evenly using foaming agitating device (2)；
Step 20) adds in the TiH that mass fraction is 1.8% into aluminum melt2Powder is stirred using foaming agitating device (2), made
TiH2Powder is dispersed in aluminum melt, is stirred aluminum melt with 1000rpm rotating speeds, is formed aluminum melt foam；
Step 30) inserts the agitating paddle (3) that temperature is 675 ± 1 DEG C in aluminum melt foam, and starts motor (10) and drive stirring
Paddle (3) blade rotates；
Step 40) is in foaming process, and using the height of laser range finder (8) measurement foam, torquemeter (9) is measured suffered by blade
Torque, motor controller (5) control motor (10) speed for being rotated with movable vane piece, then to calculate foamed aluminium apparent in foaming process
Viscosity and porosity；
Apparent viscosity is obtained according to formula (1)：
Wherein, η (t) represents apparent viscosity, σbcRepresent average shear stress,It represents average shear rate, is obtained according to formula (2)
σbc, obtained according to formula (3)
Wherein, L represents the length of each blade, and D represents crucible internal diameter,D represents the diameter of blade, and M (t) represents blade
It is subject to the torque of foam aluminum melt during rotation, Ω represents the rotating speed of blade.
7. according to the apparent viscosity of foam aluminum melt and the method for real-time measurement of porosity described in claim 6, feature exists
In further including step 50)：Return to step 40), measure the foamed aluminium in different time points apparent viscosity and hole in foaming process
Gap rate until foaming process terminates, stops test；It is y-axis by the apparent viscosity value measured in measurement process and porosity, the time
T maps for x-axis, obtains the relation lines figure of porosity and apparent viscosity.
8. according to the apparent viscosity of foam aluminum melt and the method for real-time measurement of porosity described in claim 6, feature exists
In in the step 10), the range of speeds of foaming agitating device (2) is 400-500rpm；In the step 20), foaming
The range of speeds of agitating device (2) is 1000-1200rpm.
9. according to the apparent viscosity of foam aluminum melt and the method for real-time measurement of porosity described in claim 6, feature exists
In in the step 30), the range of speeds of motor (10) is 0.2rpm -200rpm；In the step 40), motor
(10) the range of speeds is 0.2-200rpm.
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